Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 魚 類 学 雑 誌 Vol.33, No.4 1987 33巻4号1987年

Galeus longirostris, a New Species of the Sawtail Catshark from Japan

Hiroyuki Tachikawa and Toru Taniuchi (Received February 15, 1986)

Abstract Galeus longirostris sp. nov. is described based on 46 specimens taken off the southern part of Japan. It is distinguished from all known species of Galeus in having a considerably longer snout. This species is morphologically close to G. nipponensis, which commonly occurs off the southern part of Japan, but differs in having longer preoral length than the mouth width, a bluntly rounded snout, larger pectoral fins, a shorter interspace between anal and lower caudal fins, and a greater number of monospondylous vertebrae.

A specimen of the scyliorhinid shark genus FUMT, Department of Fisheries, University

Galeus was captured off the Ogasawara Islands in Museum, University of Tokyo; HUMZ, Laborato- 1981. At a symposium on elasmobranchs held ry of Marine Zoology, Faculty of Fisheries, at the Ocean Research Institute, University of Hokkaido University; UF, Florida State Museum, Tokyo, in 1982, Taniuchi reported that this might University of Florida; ZUMT, Department of be an undescribed species since it possesses a longer Zoology, University Museum, University of snout than any other known species of Galeus. Tokyo. Since then, additional specimens of this long- snouted Galeus have been taken in considerable numbers from off the Izu Islands and off Amami- Galeus longirostris sp. nov. oshima. (New Japanese name: According to a recent revision of Scyliorhin- hashinaga-yamorizame)

idae (Springer, 1979), eight species and three sub- (Fig. 1) species were included in Galeus. Compagno (1984b) recognized ten speices as valid. Galeus Holotype. FUMT-P 10000, female, 683mm TL, eastmani (Jordan et Snyder), G. nipponensis Na- near Amami-oshima (28•‹40'N, 128•‹44'E), Japan, 440- kaya, and G. sauteri (Jordan et Richardson) have 520m in depth, bottom longline, Nov. 1, 1983. Paratypes. FUMT-P 10021, female, 620mm TL, been reported to occur around Japan (Nakaya, Ogasawara Islands (ca. 27•‹10'N, 142•‹10'E), Japan, 1975). However, our specimens do not fall into 1981; FUMT-P 10023, female, 776mm TL, FUMT-P

any species that have ever been reported, although 10024, female, 783mm TL, Izu Islands (31•‹00'N, they are close to G. nipponensis in having a long 138•‹56'E or 32•‹50'N, 139•‹10'E), Japan, 330-550m in snout. Here we describe this new species of depth, bottom longline, Nov. 16 or Nov. 17, 1982; Galeus and present a key to the species of Galeus FUMT-P 10001, male, 660mm TL, near Amami- from Japan and adjacent waters. oshima (28•‹36'N, 128•‹42'E), Japan, 400-480m in depth, bottom longline, Oct. 30, 1983; FUMT-P 10011, male, 702mm TL, UF 44276, male, 684mm TL, UF Methods 44276, female, 656mm TL, taken with the holotype. Other materials. Females: FUMT-P 10022 (750 Measurements follow Compagno (1984a) ex- mm TL), FUMT-P 10025 (772mm TL), FUMT-P cept for total length (TL). In this study, total 10026 (803mm TL), taken with the paratype FUMT-P length was measured with the caudal fin laid in 10023; FUMT-P 10002 (602mm TL), FUMT-P 10003 natural position. Dermal denticles were observed (548mm TL), FUMT-P 10004 (536mm TL), FUMT-P 10005 (679mm TL), FUMT-P 10006 (600mm TL), by taking photographs with a scanning electron FUMT-P 10007 (532mm TL), FUMT-P 10009 (616 microscope. Vertebral counts were made ac- mm TL), FUMT-P 10010 (674mm TL), FUMT-P

cording to Springer and Garrick (1964), based on 10227 (691mm TL), FUMT-P 10228 (694mm TL), soft X-ray radiographs. FUMT-P 10229 (523mm in precaudal length), taken

Institution names are abbreviated as follows: with the paratype FUMT-P 10001; FUMT-P 10012

352 Tachikawa and Taniuchi: New Sawtail Catshark

Fig. 1. Holotype of Galeus longirostris sp. nov., female, 683mm TL, FUMT-P 10000. A, lateral view; B, dorsal view of head; C, ventral view of head.

(720mm TL), FUMT-P 10013(699mm TL), FUMT-P Description. Proportional dimensions in per- 10015 (708mm TL), FUMT-P 10016 (673mm TL), centage of total length are shown in Table 1. The FUMT-P 10018 (602mm TL), FUMT-P 10019 (546 following values are taken from the holotype. mm TL), FUMT-P 10020 (580mm TL), FUMT-P Numbers in parentheses show ranges of the para- 10021 (713mm TL), FUMT-P 10230 (614mm TL), types. FUMT-P 10231 (545mm TL), FUMT-P 10232 (624 Body moderately stout. Head depressed, width mm TL), FUMT-P 10233 (631mm TL), FUMT-P of trunk at pectoral origin greater than height. 10234 (712mm TL), FUMT-P 10235 (604mm TL), FUMT-P 10236 (576mm TL), FUMT-P 10237 (560 Caudal axis slightly elevated. Head 20.9 (19.5- mm TL), FUMT-P 10238 (518mm TL), FUMT-P 21.3)% of TL. Snout long and flattened dor- 10239 (536mm TL), FUMT-P 10240 (604mm TL), soventrally, its tip blunt and rounded in dorsal FUMT-P 10241 (475mm TL), FUMT-P 10242 (535 view. Many mucous pores present above and mm TL), taken with the holotype. Males: FUMT-P below in head region. Preorbital length 2.6 (2.5- 10008 (611mm TL), FUMT-P 10017 (705mm TL, 2.7), prenarial length 3.9 (3.9-4.2), preoral length stained neurocranium and claspers), taken with the 2.5 (2.5-2.6) in head. Nostrils large, anterior holotype; FUMT-P 10226 (681mm TL), taken with nasal flaps triangular, its anterior end nearer to the paratype FUMT-P 10001. front of mouth than to snout tip. Mouth wide Diagnosis. A large Galeus (maximum length and moderately arched, its width 1.1 (1.1-1.2) in known is 803mm TL) with long snout, broad preoral length. Labial furrows present around pectoral fins, long interspace between pelvic and corner of upper and lower jaws, upper and lower anal fins, and in adult males extremely long furrows nearly equal in length, upper furrows not claspers. Dorsolateral body and caudal fin in reaching level of symphysis. Eyes large and adults uniformly dark gray, but in smaller spec- ovate, horizontal diameter of eye 2.1 (2.0-2.3) in imens dark gray with obscure dark saddle blotches preorbital length. Narrow subocular ridges pres- at 1st and 2nd dorsal bases and some obscure ent below eyes. Spiracles subcircular and moder- dark blotches on caudal fin. Ventral side whitish ately large, located behind orbit and slightly below and inside of mouth grayish white. Snout long level of horizontal axis of eye. Gill-openings and bluntly rounded. Prenarial length longer short, the longest about 1/2 of horizontal diam- than horizontal diameter of eye. Preoral length eter of eye, 5th behind insertion of pectoral fin. longer than mouth width. Pectoral fins large and Origin of first dorsal fin above posterior half of broad, anterior margins 11.0-12.6 % of total pelvic base. Origin of second dorsal fin above length. middle of anal base. First and 2nd dorsal fins large

353— 魚類学雑誌 Japan. J. Ichthyol. 33 (4), 1987

Fig. 2. Dermal denticles of the trunk below 1st dorsal fin of the paratype of Galeus longirostris Fig. 3. Teeth from left jaw of the holotype of sp. nov., male, 702mm TL, FUMT-P 10011. Galeus longirostris sp. nov., female, 683mm TL, Scale indicates 0.5mm. FUMT-P 10000. A, teeth near symphysis; B, teeth from midjaw; C, teeth near mouth corner. Scale indicates 1mm. and nearly the same in shape, but 2nd dorsal a little smaller than 1st. Overall length and base length of 2nd dorsal nearly equal to those of 1st dorsal, Dermal denticles of trunk below 1st dorsal fin but its height 3/4 of the latter. Anterior margins small and imbricated in adults. Each denticle of dorsal fins slightly convex, distal margins three cusped with primary cusp the longest. straight and at right angles to body axis. Pectoral Honeycomb microsculptures present on the surface fins large and broad, length of anterior margin of denticles (Fig. 2) as those of several other spe- 12.0 (11.0-12.9)% of TL, greatest width measured cies of Scyliorhinidae and Squalidae (Hardy, parallel to distal fin margin 11.4 (10.5-12.0), their 1985; Taniuchi and Garrick, 1986). Denticles apex moderately rounded, inner corners broadly absent on ventral side of the caudal fin crest, rounded. Pelvic fins moderate, rear end of bases around cloaca, behind bases of 1st and 2nd dorsal below anterior half of 1st dorsal base. Inter- fins, and axillae of pectoral fins. Claspers naked space between pectoral and pelvic fins 1/2 of length except distal 2/3 of the ventral side. of dorsal lobe of caudal fin. In five mature males, Teeth small, crowded, with 60-70 rows in each length of claspers 15.7-17.2% of TL. Claspers jaw and several series functional. Each tooth extend beyond tip of pelvic fins by a distance two with three to six cusps and about the same in times of horizontal diameter of eye, their tip be- shape in both jaws (Fig. 3). yond origin of anal fin. Interspace between pelvic Colour of dorsolateral side dark gray and no and anal fins a little longer than or subequal to prominent colour pattern in adult. In smaller anal base. Anal fin origin below halfway between specimens, obscure dark saddle blotches at 1st 1st and 2nd dorsal fins. Anal fin base long and and 2nd dorsal bases, and some obscure dark more than two times length of 2nd dorsal base, blotches on caudal fin. Dorsal fins and dorsal its height about 1/3 of overall length, its posterior side of pectoral fins dark gray with very narrow tip beyond rear end of 2nd dorsal base. In- white margins, but these white margins sometimes terspace between anal and lower caudal fins shorter absent. Anal fin and dorsal side of pelvic fins than prenarial length. Caudal peduncle mod- grayish. Claspers grayish with darker dorsal erately compressed. Dorsal lobe length of caudal side. Ventral surface of body and paired fins fin 26.2 (25.5-27.7)% of TL. About anterior whitish, sometimes stained with diffused dark three-fifths of dorsal margin of caudal fin with spots on pectoral fins. Inside of mouth grayish crest of modified denticles. No enlarged denticles white. on ventral margin of caudal fin and lower side of Number of monospondylous vertebrae 42 caudal peduncle. (40-45), precaudal 94 (91-97).

•\ 354•\— Tachikawa and Taniuchi: New Sawtail Catshark

Table 1. Proportional dimensions in percentage of total length of Galeus longirostris sp. nov.

355 魚類学雑誌 Japan. J. Ichthyol. 33 (4), 1987

Fig. 4. Relationship between mouth width and pre- Fig. 6. Relationship between prenarial length and oral length for two species of Galeus. Open interspace between anal and lower caudal fins circle, G. longirostris sp. nov.; solid circle, G. for two species of Galeus. Open circle, G. nipponensis. longirostris sp. nov.; solid circle, G. nipponensis.

TL had small undeveloped ovaries. Five males, 660-705mm TL, were considered to be mature because they had large and hard claspers. Claspers of a 611mm TL male had not completely hardened, so this specimen is regarded as maturing. Remarks. Specimens of G. longirostris collected from the three localities show some geographical variations in external features: a single specimen from off the Ogasawara Is. has the anal fin in a slightly posterior position (snout tip to anal fin ori- gin 60.6% of TL; others 56.2-59.9%) and smaller Fig. 5. Relationship between total length and an- caudal fin (length of dorsal lobe 25.5% of TL; terior margin length of pectoral fin for two others 26.2-28.6). However, the differnces seem species of Galeus. Open circle, G. longirostris to come from the shrunken condition of the spec- sp. nov.; solid circle, G. nipponensis. imen. The specimens from Amami-oshima show a dark diffused stain on the ventral side of pectoral Etymology. A combination of the Latin name fins. Except for these slight differences, they "longus" long and "rostrum" beak or snout refers share all other features so that we regard them as to the long snout. a single species. Distribution. G. longirostris is distributed in G. longirostris is morphologically close to an- Amami-oshima, the Ogasawara Islands, and the other Japanese species, G. nipponensis. The two Izu Islands up to now. Forty and five specimens species share the following characters: long snout were collected with bottom long lines off Amami- with prenarial length longer than horizontal oshima and the Izu Is. respectively. Only one diameter of eye; long interspace between pelvic specimen was taken off the Ogasawara Is. and anal fins (8.5-11.3% of TL in G. longirostris Reproduction. Among the specimens examined and 9.8-11.8% of TL in G. nipponensis); long internally (not type specimens), females larger claspers (in mature males, tip of claspers beyond than 673mm TL had developed ovaries with origin of anal fin); and large body size (attain at ova 17-20mm in diameter, large shell glands, and least 60cm). However, G. longirostris is clearly thickened oviducts, although no egg cases or em- separable from G. nipponensis in having: bluntly bryos were found. Females smaller than 616mm rounded snout and longer preoral length than

356 Tachikawa and Taniuchi: New Sawtail Catshark

A B

Fig. 7. Distal end of left clasper of: A, Galeus longirostris sp. nov., male, 705mm TL, FUMT-P 10020; B, G. nipponensis, male, 571mm TL, FUMT-P 10031. For each species, dorsal view is shown on left and ventral view on right. Hd 1-3, hooked denticles 1-3; Hp, hypopyle; R, rhipidion. Each scale indicates 5mm. mouth width (in G. nipponensis, snout rather attaching organs during copulation (Leigh-Sharpe, pointed and preoral length equal to or slightly 1920, 1926; Schmidt, 1930). Accordingly, these shorter than mouth width) (Fig. 4); anterior differences are regarded to arise from reproduc- margin of pectorals 11.0-12.9% of TL (9.2-10.8 tive segregation, which is one of the important in G. nipponensis) (Fig. 5); interspace between anal factors of speciation. and lower caudal fins shorter than prenarial length Most species of Galeus are small in size but G. (vs. longer than prenarial length) (Fig. 6); number longirostris attains at least 80cm TL. Although of monospondylous vertebrae 40-45 (vs. 38-40) G. melastomus Rafinesque is said to attain 80- (Table 2). 90cm (Compagno, 1984b), it differs from G. In addition, G. longirostris and G. nipponensis longirostris in having a well defined dorsal colora- are different in the claspers (Fig. 7). Three groups tion with dark saddle blotches and spots and much of enlarged hooked denticles (Hdl-3) exist in both shorter interspace between pelvic and anal fins. species but their distribution patterns differ greatly. G. longirostris differs from other species of In G. nipponensis, Hd2 and Hd3 are hidden in the Galeus in the following characters: from G. fleshy folds and are difficult to observe unless the murinus (Collett) and G. boardmani (Whitley) in folds are opened while those of G. longirostris are having no crest of enlarged denticles on the pre- partly exposed and can be observed without open- ventral caudal margin (Compagno, 1984b); from ing the folds. Hd3 of G. longirostris is composed G. arae (Nichols), G. eastmani, G. piperatus Springer of many (more than 60) hooked denticles whereas et Wagner, G. polli Cadenat, G. sauteri, and G. that of G. nipponensis consists of fewer (about 10) schultzi Springer in longer interspace between denticles. These hooked denticles may function as pelvic and anal fins which is subequal to or longer

Table 2. Numbers of monospondylous vertebrae in species of Galeus from Japan and adjacent waters.

357 魚類学雑誌 Japan. J. Ichthyol. 33 (4), 1987

than anal fin base while it is much shorter than and broadly rounded; preoral length longer anal base in these six species (Jordan and Rich- than mouth width; interspace between anal ardson, 1909; Jordan and Snyder, 1904; Nichols, and lower caudal fins shorter than prenarial 1927; Springer, 1979; Springer and Wagner, 1966; length; number of monospondylous verte- Compagno, 1984b), high monospondylous verte- brae 40-45G. longirostris sp. nov. (New bral count (33-39 in G. arae; 33-36 in G. eastmani; Japanese name: hashinaga-yamorizame) 29-33 in G. piperatus; 32-35 in G. polli; 31-34 in G. sauteri; 32-33 in G. schultzi, according to Com- Comparative materials pagno (1984b) and Nakaya (1975)), and larger body size. G. nipponensis. Paratypes: HUMZ 40000 (female, 518mm TL), HUMZ 40004 (female, 572mm TL), Kii Key to the species of Galeus Suido Channel, Dec. 21, 1972; HUMZ 40002 (male, from Japan and adjacent 752mm TL), Mimase, Oct. 13, 1972. Other materials: waters FUMT-P 10027 (female, 607mm TL), off Choshi, June 24, 1977; FUMT-P 10028 (female, 465mm TL),

1A Anal fin base 12-15% of total length; height FUMT-P 10029(female, 550mm TL), off Choshi, Feb.

of 2nd dorsal fin 2.3-3.0% of total length; 28, 1982; FUMT-P 10030 (female, 550mm TL), FUMT-P 10031 (male, 571mm TL), stained neuro- body plain-colored and without dark stain cranium and claspers, FUMT-P 10032 (female, 392 except tips of dorsal and caudal fins; number mm TL), off Choshi, Apr. 23, 1982; FUMT-P 10033 of monospondylous vertebrae 31-34•cG. (female, 411mm TL), FUMT-P 10034 (female, 458 sauteri (Jordan et Richardson) (Japanese mm TL), off Choshi, Apr. 24, 1982; FUMT-P 10035 name: taiwan-yamorizame) (female, 574mm TL), FUMT-P 10036(female, 595mm 1B. Anal fin base 8-13.5% of total length; TL), FUMT-P 10037 (female, 523mm TL), FUMT-P height of 2nd dorsal fin 3.2-5.2% of total 10038 (male, 546mm TL), FUMT-P 10039 (female,

length; body either plain-colored or with 588mm TL), FUMT-P 10040 (female, 606mm TL),

dark saddle blotches; number of mono- FUMT-P 10041 (male, 552mm TL), FUMT-P 10042

spondylous vertebrae 32-422 (female, 527mm TL), FUMT-P 10043 (female, 537

2A. Snout short, prenarial length shorter than mm TL), FUMT-P 10044 (male, 512mm TL), FUMT- P 10045(male, 458mm TL), off Choshi, June 16, 1982; horizontal diameter of eye; claspers short, FUMT-P 10052 (male, 544mm TL), FUMT-P 10053 not reaching anal fin origin even in adults; (male, 588mm TL), FUMT-P 10054 (male, 565mm number of monospondylous vertebrae 34- TL), FUMT-P 10055 (male, 548mm TL), FUMT-P 36; small in size, total length less than 50cm 10056 (male, 592mm TL), FUMT-P 10057 (male, 611 G. eastmani (Jordan et Snyder) mm TL), off Shimoda, 1985.

(Japanese name: yamorizame) G. sauteri. ZUMT 6395 (female, 443mm TL), 2B. Snout long, prenarial length longer than Nagasaki, 1915.

horizontal diameter of eye; claspers long G. eastmani. ZUMT uncatalogued (male, 338mm

and beyond anal fin origin in adults; num- TL).

ber of monospondylous vertebrae 38-45; large in size, total length more than 60cm Acknowledgments 3

3A. Dorsal side of body with dark saddle We wish to express our sincere thanks to Mr.

blotches; snout long and rather pointed; Shoji Shimizu and Dr. Masahiro Kawajiri, Shi-

preoral length shorter than or about equal zuoka Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station, to mouth width; interspace between anal Mr. Yoji Kurata, Ogasawara Fisheries Center,

and lower caudal fins longer than prenarial and Mr. Hisoka Hiruta, Shimoda Floating Aquari-

length; number of monospondylous verte- um for the help in collecting specimens, to Dr. brae 38-40•cG. nipponensis Nakaya (Jap- Kazuhiro Nakaya, Laboratory of Marine Zo-

anese name: nihon-yamorizame) ology, Hokkaido University for the loan of para- 3B. Dorsal side of body usually plain-colored, types of G. nipponensis, to Dr. Yoshiaki Tomi-

sometimes with obscure dark saddle blotches naga, Department of Zoology, University Museum, on 1st and 2nd dorsal base; snout very long University of Tokyo for the loan of materials and

358 Tachikawa and Taniuchi: New Sawtail Catshark

sending literature, and to Dr. Keiichi Matsuura, and clasper glands. Memoir IX. J. Morph. Physiol., Department of Zoology, National Science Muse- 42 (1): 321-334. um, and Mr. Hajime Ishihara for providing litera- Nakaya, K. 1975. Taxonomy, comparative anatomy ture. We also give thanks to Drs. Yukio Nose and phylogeny of Japanese catsharks, Scyliorhinidae. Mem. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ., 23 (1): 1-94. and Makoto Shimizu, Faculty of Agriculture, Uni- Nichols, J.T. 1927. A new shark from the continental versity of Tokyo for their encouragement during slope off Florida. Am. Mus. Nov., 256: 1-2. this study, and to Mr. Takashi Yamakawa, Schmidt, P.J. 1930. A selachian clasper with a hun- Fisheries Research Institute of Mie for his help dred hooks. Copeia, 1930 (2): 48-50. in measurements. We are also grateful to Messrs. Springer, S. 1979. A revision of the catsharks, family Stewart Springer and George H. Burgess, Florida Scyliorhinidae. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ., State Museum, University of Florida for critical (422): 1-152. reading of the manuscript. Springer, S. and M.H. Wagner. 1966. Galeus piper- atus, a new shark of the family Scyliorhinidae from the Gulf of California. Los Angeles Cty. Mus. Literature cited Contr. Sci., 110: 1-9. Compagno, L.J.V. 1984a. FAO species catalogue. Springer, V.G. and J.A.F. Garrick. 1964. A survey Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and il- of vertebral numbers in sharks. Proc. U.S. Natn. lustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Mus., 116 (3496): 73-96. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Taniuchi, T. and J.A.F. Garrick. 1986. A new spe- Fish. Synop., (125) 4 (1): 1-249. cies of Scymnodalatias from the southern oceans, Compagno, L.J.V. 1984b. FAO species catalogue. and comments on other squaliform sharks. Japan. Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and il- J. Ichthyol., 33 (2): 119-134. lustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop., (Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (125) 4 (2): 251-655. Hardy, G.S. 1985. A new species of catshark in the 113, Japan: Present address of HT: Ogasawara Marine Center, Byobudani, Chichijima, Ogasawara-mura, genus Parmaturus Garman (Scyliorhinidae), from New Zealand. N.Z.J. Zool., 12: 111-124. Tokyo 100-21, Japan) Jordan, D.S. and R.E. Richardson. 1909. A catalogue of the fishes of the island of Formosa or Taiwan, 日 本 近 海 産 トラ ザ メ 科 の 新 種 ハ シ ナ ガ ヤ モ リ ザ メCaleus based on the collections of Dr. Hans Sauter. Mem. longirostris Carnegie Mus., 4: 159-204. 立 川 浩 之 ・谷 内 透

Jordan, D.S. and J.O. Snyder. 1904. On a collection 奄 美 大 島 ・小 笠 原 諸 島 ・伊 豆 諸 島 近 海 か ら 得 られ た 標 of fishes made by Mr. Alan Owston in the deep 本 を も と に,ト ラ ザ メ 科 ヤ モ リ ザ メ 属 の 新 種 ハ シ ナ ガ ヤ waters of Japan. Smithson. Misc. Collect., 45: モ リザ メGaleus longirostrisを 記 載 し た,本 種 は ヤ モ 230-240. リ ザ メ 属 の 既 知 種 の う ち ニ ホ ン ヤ モ リ ザ メG.nippon- Leigh-Sharpe, W.H. 1920. The comparative mor- ensisに 最 も よ く 似 る が,口 前 吻 長 が 口 幅 よ り長 い こ と, phology of the secondary sexual characters of elas- 吻 が 円 鈍 な こ と,胸 鰭 が 大 き い こ と,臀 鰭 と 尾 鰭 下 葉 の mobranch fishes. The claspers, clasper siphons, and 間 隔 が 短 い こ と,単 椎 骨 数 が 多 い こ と な ど に よ り後 者 と clasper glands. Memoir I.J. Morph. Physiol., 区 別 さ れ る. 34 (2): 245-265. Leigh-Sharpe, W.H. 1926. The comparative mor- (113東 京 都 文 京 区 弥 生1-1-1東 京 大 学 農 学 部 水 産 学 phology of the secondary sexual characters of elas- 科;立 川,現 住 所;100-21東 京 都 小 笠 原 村 父 島 字 屏 風 mobranch fishes. The claspers, clasper siphons, 谷 小 笠 原 海 洋 セ ン タ ー)

359