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Galeus Longirostris, a New Species of the Sawtail Catshark from Japan

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Galeus Longirostris, a New Species of the Sawtail Catshark from Japan Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 魚 類 学 雑 誌 Vol.33, No.4 1987 33巻4号1987年 Galeus longirostris, a New Species of the Sawtail Catshark from Japan Hiroyuki Tachikawa and Toru Taniuchi (Received February 15, 1986) Abstract Galeus longirostris sp. nov. is described based on 46 specimens taken off the southern part of Japan. It is distinguished from all known species of Galeus in having a considerably longer snout. This species is morphologically close to G. nipponensis, which commonly occurs off the southern part of Japan, but differs in having longer preoral length than the mouth width, a bluntly rounded snout, larger pectoral fins, a shorter interspace between anal and lower caudal fins, and a greater number of monospondylous vertebrae. A specimen of the scyliorhinid shark genus FUMT, Department of Fisheries, University Galeus was captured off the Ogasawara Islands in Museum, University of Tokyo; HUMZ, Laborato- 1981. At a symposium on elasmobranchs held ry of Marine Zoology, Faculty of Fisheries, at the Ocean Research Institute, University of Hokkaido University; UF, Florida State Museum, Tokyo, in 1982, Taniuchi reported that this might University of Florida; ZUMT, Department of be an undescribed species since it possesses a longer Zoology, University Museum, University of snout than any other known species of Galeus. Tokyo. Since then, additional specimens of this long- snouted Galeus have been taken in considerable numbers from off the Izu Islands and off Amami- Galeus longirostris sp. nov. oshima. (New Japanese name: According to a recent revision of Scyliorhin- hashinaga-yamorizame) idae (Springer, 1979), eight species and three sub- (Fig. 1) species were included in Galeus. Compagno (1984b) recognized ten speices as valid. Galeus Holotype. FUMT-P 10000, female, 683mm TL, eastmani (Jordan et Snyder), G. nipponensis Na- near Amami-oshima (28•‹40'N, 128•‹44'E), Japan, 440- kaya, and G. sauteri (Jordan et Richardson) have 520m in depth, bottom longline, Nov. 1, 1983. Paratypes. FUMT-P 10021, female, 620mm TL, been reported to occur around Japan (Nakaya, Ogasawara Islands (ca. 27•‹10'N, 142•‹10'E), Japan, 1975). However, our specimens do not fall into 1981; FUMT-P 10023, female, 776mm TL, FUMT-P any species that have ever been reported, although 10024, female, 783mm TL, Izu Islands (31•‹00'N, they are close to G. nipponensis in having a long 138•‹56'E or 32•‹50'N, 139•‹10'E), Japan, 330-550m in snout. Here we describe this new species of depth, bottom longline, Nov. 16 or Nov. 17, 1982; Galeus and present a key to the species of Galeus FUMT-P 10001, male, 660mm TL, near Amami- from Japan and adjacent waters. oshima (28•‹36'N, 128•‹42'E), Japan, 400-480m in depth, bottom longline, Oct. 30, 1983; FUMT-P 10011, male, 702mm TL, UF 44276, male, 684mm TL, UF Methods 44276, female, 656mm TL, taken with the holotype. Other materials. Females: FUMT-P 10022 (750 Measurements follow Compagno (1984a) ex- mm TL), FUMT-P 10025 (772mm TL), FUMT-P cept for total length (TL). In this study, total 10026 (803mm TL), taken with the paratype FUMT-P length was measured with the caudal fin laid in 10023; FUMT-P 10002 (602mm TL), FUMT-P 10003 natural position. Dermal denticles were observed (548mm TL), FUMT-P 10004 (536mm TL), FUMT-P 10005 (679mm TL), FUMT-P 10006 (600mm TL), by taking photographs with a scanning electron FUMT-P 10007 (532mm TL), FUMT-P 10009 (616 microscope. Vertebral counts were made ac- mm TL), FUMT-P 10010 (674mm TL), FUMT-P cording to Springer and Garrick (1964), based on 10227 (691mm TL), FUMT-P 10228 (694mm TL), soft X-ray radiographs. FUMT-P 10229 (523mm in precaudal length), taken Institution names are abbreviated as follows: with the paratype FUMT-P 10001; FUMT-P 10012 352 Tachikawa and Taniuchi: New Sawtail Catshark Fig. 1. Holotype of Galeus longirostris sp. nov., female, 683mm TL, FUMT-P 10000. A, lateral view; B, dorsal view of head; C, ventral view of head. (720mm TL), FUMT-P 10013(699mm TL), FUMT-P Description. Proportional dimensions in per- 10015 (708mm TL), FUMT-P 10016 (673mm TL), centage of total length are shown in Table 1. The FUMT-P 10018 (602mm TL), FUMT-P 10019 (546 following values are taken from the holotype. mm TL), FUMT-P 10020 (580mm TL), FUMT-P Numbers in parentheses show ranges of the para- 10021 (713mm TL), FUMT-P 10230 (614mm TL), types. FUMT-P 10231 (545mm TL), FUMT-P 10232 (624 Body moderately stout. Head depressed, width mm TL), FUMT-P 10233 (631mm TL), FUMT-P of trunk at pectoral origin greater than height. 10234 (712mm TL), FUMT-P 10235 (604mm TL), FUMT-P 10236 (576mm TL), FUMT-P 10237 (560 Caudal axis slightly elevated. Head 20.9 (19.5- mm TL), FUMT-P 10238 (518mm TL), FUMT-P 21.3)% of TL. Snout long and flattened dor- 10239 (536mm TL), FUMT-P 10240 (604mm TL), soventrally, its tip blunt and rounded in dorsal FUMT-P 10241 (475mm TL), FUMT-P 10242 (535 view. Many mucous pores present above and mm TL), taken with the holotype. Males: FUMT-P below in head region. Preorbital length 2.6 (2.5- 10008 (611mm TL), FUMT-P 10017 (705mm TL, 2.7), prenarial length 3.9 (3.9-4.2), preoral length stained neurocranium and claspers), taken with the 2.5 (2.5-2.6) in head. Nostrils large, anterior holotype; FUMT-P 10226 (681mm TL), taken with nasal flaps triangular, its anterior end nearer to the paratype FUMT-P 10001. front of mouth than to snout tip. Mouth wide Diagnosis. A large Galeus (maximum length and moderately arched, its width 1.1 (1.1-1.2) in known is 803mm TL) with long snout, broad preoral length. Labial furrows present around pectoral fins, long interspace between pelvic and corner of upper and lower jaws, upper and lower anal fins, and in adult males extremely long furrows nearly equal in length, upper furrows not claspers. Dorsolateral body and caudal fin in reaching level of symphysis. Eyes large and adults uniformly dark gray, but in smaller spec- ovate, horizontal diameter of eye 2.1 (2.0-2.3) in imens dark gray with obscure dark saddle blotches preorbital length. Narrow subocular ridges pres- at 1st and 2nd dorsal bases and some obscure ent below eyes. Spiracles subcircular and moder- dark blotches on caudal fin. Ventral side whitish ately large, located behind orbit and slightly below and inside of mouth grayish white. Snout long level of horizontal axis of eye. Gill-openings and bluntly rounded. Prenarial length longer short, the longest about 1/2 of horizontal diam- than horizontal diameter of eye. Preoral length eter of eye, 5th behind insertion of pectoral fin. longer than mouth width. Pectoral fins large and Origin of first dorsal fin above posterior half of broad, anterior margins 11.0-12.6 % of total pelvic base. Origin of second dorsal fin above length. middle of anal base. First and 2nd dorsal fins large 353— 魚類学雑誌 Japan. J. Ichthyol. 33 (4), 1987 Fig. 2. Dermal denticles of the trunk below 1st dorsal fin of the paratype of Galeus longirostris Fig. 3. Teeth from left jaw of the holotype of sp. nov., male, 702mm TL, FUMT-P 10011. Galeus longirostris sp. nov., female, 683mm TL, Scale indicates 0.5mm. FUMT-P 10000. A, teeth near symphysis; B, teeth from midjaw; C, teeth near mouth corner. Scale indicates 1mm. and nearly the same in shape, but 2nd dorsal a little smaller than 1st. Overall length and base length of 2nd dorsal nearly equal to those of 1st dorsal, Dermal denticles of trunk below 1st dorsal fin but its height 3/4 of the latter. Anterior margins small and imbricated in adults. Each denticle of dorsal fins slightly convex, distal margins three cusped with primary cusp the longest. straight and at right angles to body axis. Pectoral Honeycomb microsculptures present on the surface fins large and broad, length of anterior margin of denticles (Fig. 2) as those of several other spe- 12.0 (11.0-12.9)% of TL, greatest width measured cies of Scyliorhinidae and Squalidae (Hardy, parallel to distal fin margin 11.4 (10.5-12.0), their 1985; Taniuchi and Garrick, 1986). Denticles apex moderately rounded, inner corners broadly absent on ventral side of the caudal fin crest, rounded. Pelvic fins moderate, rear end of bases around cloaca, behind bases of 1st and 2nd dorsal below anterior half of 1st dorsal base. Inter- fins, and axillae of pectoral fins. Claspers naked space between pectoral and pelvic fins 1/2 of length except distal 2/3 of the ventral side. of dorsal lobe of caudal fin. In five mature males, Teeth small, crowded, with 60-70 rows in each length of claspers 15.7-17.2% of TL. Claspers jaw and several series functional. Each tooth extend beyond tip of pelvic fins by a distance two with three to six cusps and about the same in times of horizontal diameter of eye, their tip be- shape in both jaws (Fig. 3). yond origin of anal fin. Interspace between pelvic Colour of dorsolateral side dark gray and no and anal fins a little longer than or subequal to prominent colour pattern in adult. In smaller anal base. Anal fin origin below halfway between specimens, obscure dark saddle blotches at 1st 1st and 2nd dorsal fins. Anal fin base long and and 2nd dorsal bases, and some obscure dark more than two times length of 2nd dorsal base, blotches on caudal fin. Dorsal fins and dorsal its height about 1/3 of overall length, its posterior side of pectoral fins dark gray with very narrow tip beyond rear end of 2nd dorsal base.
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