DESDE ADENTRO DEEP INSIDE BOLIVIA CONTENIDOS 07 • Introducción • Introduction

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

DESDE ADENTRO DEEP INSIDE BOLIVIA CONTENIDOS 07 • Introducción • Introduction DEEP INSIDE DESDE ADENTRO ECOTURISMO COMUNITARIO - TURISMO SOSTENIBLE Esta guía es fruto del trabajo conjunto de varias instituciones que apoyan a la conservación y aportan al desarrollo del ecoturismo y turismo comunitario en Bolivia. El texto base ha sido elaborado por Agustín Echalar bajo la coordinación y complementación de Carla Jiménez Casablanca (Swisscontact para OSEC), Marcelo Arze (Conservación Internacional), Rubén Salas Espinoza (PPD/PNUD) y Liceette Chavarro (Fundación PRAIA). Edición de textos Margarita Behoteguy Traducción Lupe Andrade Diseño y diagramación Alvaro Luksic (alvoluksic.com) Fotografías Conservación Internacional PPD/PNUD Fundación PRAIA Swisscontact OGD La Paz-Beni OGD Santa Cruz Comercialización de la guía OGD La Paz-Beni Edificio Información Turística Nº 2150, final Paseo El Prado. Telf/Fax: (591-2) 211 7133 Email: [email protected] OGD Santa Cruz Av. Las Américas N. 7 Edificio Torres CAINCO, Piso 5 Santa Cruz, Bolivia Telf/Fax: (591-3) 339 2925 Email: [email protected] Depósito Legal: 4-1-2001-08 ISBN: 978-99905-906-6-1 Conservación Internacional Fundación PRAIA Swisscontact PPD/PNUD PRESENTACIÓN La presente guía Bolivia desde adentro marca un importante avance en la sistematización de los modelos de turismo sostenible y comunitario en Bolivia, aportando valiosa información sobre la oferta turística hasta la fecha consolidada por 34 de los más avanzados emprendimientos turísticos comunitarios del país. La descripción, los datos y contactos contenidos en la guía han de permitir a las empresas comunitarias, a los operadores turísticos y a los turistas nacionales y extranjeros tener referencias precisas acerca de los productos y servicios turísticos comunitarios, y por tanto, contar con un útil instrumento que facilite y viabilice una responsable y eficiente promoción y comercialización de los mismos. Para el Viceministerio de Turismo, este significativo trabajo coadyuva a la concreción de una de las políticas públicas sustantivas del proceso de cambio, como es el fortalecimiento, la consolidación y creación ampliada del turismo sostenible de base comunitaria, en todos los destinos turísticos del país; donde el principal protagonismo y beneficio repercute en las comunidades indígenas, campesinas y urbanas de la sociedad boliviana. Éste es, sin duda, el desafío más importante para hacer del turismo un instrumento eficaz de lucha contra las causas de la pobreza y la exclusión social, a partir de: la creación de empleos e ingresos sostenibles; la reafirmación cultural, social y patrimonial; así como el manejo y aprovechamiento sostenible del medio ambiente y su territorio, en la consecución de una óptima calidad de vida en las poblaciones locales y las regiones de Bolivia. Me cabe resaltar el esfuerzo de coordinación y el compromiso institucional realizado por OSEC/SWISSCONTACT, Conservación Internacional, Fundación PRAIA y PPD/PNUD, para llevar a cabo la investigación y publicación de este trascendental catálogo bilingüe, en apoyo al turismo sostenible, indígena y comunitario del país. Ricardo Cox Aranibar Viceministro de Turismo de Bolivia PRESENTATION The current guidebook Bolivia from inside marks an important step forward in the systemizing of sustainable community tourism models in Bolivia, thus providing valuable information concerning offers of tourism negotiated by 34 of the countrys most go ahead community tourist ventures. The description, information and contacts contained in the guidebook will provide community enterprises tour operators, local and foreign tourists with accurate references about community tourism products and services and therefore they will have a handy tool to facilitate and ensure their promotion and commercialization in a responsible and efficient way. For the Vice-ministry or tourism, this significant work helps to define public policies related to the process of change, such as the strengthening consolidation and extensive creation of community-based sustainable tourism in all tourist destinations with beneficial results for the indigenous rural and urban sectors of Bolivian society. This is undoubtedly the greatest challenge to transform tourism into an efficient tool to combat the causes of poverty and social exclusion based on: the creation of jobs and sustainable income, cultural, social and patrimonial reaffirmation; as well as the management and sustainable use of the environment and territory and successively an ideal standard of living in villages and regions of Bolivia. I must emphasize the effort in coordination and institutional commitment undertaken by OSEC/SWISSCONTACT, CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL, PRAIA FOUNDATION and PPD/PNUD for carrying out the research and publication of this incomparable bilingual catalogue in favor of sustainable indigenous and community tourism in Bolivia. Ricardo Cox Aranibar Viceministro de Turismo de Bolivia BOLIVIA DESDE ADENTRO DEEP INSIDE BOLIVIA CONTENIDOS 07 Introducción Introduction 11 Apolobamba (ANMI) Apolobamba (ANMI) 15 Lagunillas Lagunillas 17 Agua Blanca Agua Blanca CONTENTS 18 Pacha Trek (Qutapampa, Kaluyo y Chacapari) Pacha Trek (Qutapampa, Kaluyo and Chacapari) 19 Cordillera Real Cordillera Real 22 San Pedro de Sorata San Pedro de Sorata 23 Qala Uta - Refugio Santos Qala Uta - Santos Lodge 24 Pampalarama Pampalarama 27 Altiplano y Parque Nacional Sajama Altiplano & Sajama National Park 31 Tomarapi Tomarapi 33 Ecoturismo Río Lauca Ecotourism Río Lauca 34 Termales Manasaya Manasaya Thermals 37 Lago Titikaka Lake Titikaka 40 Sampaya - Pueblo Vivo Ancestral Sampaya Ancestral Living Culture 42 Islas y Misterios del Titikaka Islands and Mysteries of Titikaka 43 Pacha Aymara Pacha Aymara 45 Parque Nacional Cotapata (ANMI) Cotapata National Park (ANMI) 47 Urpuma Urpuma 49 Salar de Uyuni y Reserva Nacional de Fauna Andina Uyuni Salt Flats and Eduardo Avaroa Andean National Eduardo Avaroa Reserve 53 Tayka Hoteles: Hotel de Sal, Hotel de Piedra, Hotel Tayka Hotels: Hotel de Sal, Hotel de Piedra, Hotel del Desierto. del Desierto. 55 Red Lipez: Laguna Verde, Balneario Polques, Lipez Network: Laguna Verde Lodge, Polques Quetena Chico, Centro de Interpretación Chaska, Thermal Baths, Quetena Chico Lodge, Chaska albergues familiares de comunidad Quetena Chico. Interpretation Center, Quetena Chico family Lodges. 59 Parque Nacional Madidi (ANMI) Madidi National Park (ANMI) 62 Chalalán Chalalán 64 Mapajo Mapajo 65 San Miguel del Bala San Miguel del Bala 67 Parque Nacional Carrasco ( Villa Tunari) Carrasco Parl (Villa Tunari) 70 Kawsay Wasi Kawsay Wasi 71 Parque Nacional Amboró Sur (ANMI) South Amboró National Park (ANMI) 74 Espejillos Espejillos 76 El Jardín de las Delicias Jardín de las Delicias 77 Los Volcanes Los Volcanes 79 Codo de los Andes Codo de los Andes 80 La Yunga La Yunga 81 Paraba Frente Roja Paraba Frente Roja 83 Parque Nacional Amboró Norte (ANMI) North Amboró National Park (ANMI) 85 La Candelaria La Candelaria 86 La Chonta La Chonta 87 Villa Amboró Villa Amboró 89 Chiquitania Chiquitania 92 San Antonio de Lomerío San Antonio de Lomerío 94 El Chochis El Chochis 97 Parque Nacional Noel Kempf Noel Kempff National Park 100 La Florida La Florida GUÍA COMPLEMENTARIA - COMPLEMENTARY GUIDE 104 Lagunillas 105 Agua Blanca 106 Pacha Trek (Qutapampa, Kaluyo y Chacapari) 107 San Pedro de Sorata 108 Qala Uta - Refugio Santos ADITIONAL INFORMATION 109 Pampalarama 110 Tomarapi 111 Ecoturismo Río Lauca 112 Termales Manasaya 113 Sampaya - Pueblo Vivo Ancestral 114 Islas y Misterios del Titikaka 115 Pacha Aymara INFORMACIÓN ADICIONAL 116 Urpuma 117 Tayka Hoteles 118 Red Lípez ILípez Network) 119 Chalalán 120 Mapajo 121 San Miguel del Bala 122 Kawsay Wasi 123 Espejillos 124 El Jardín de las Delicias 125 Los Volcanes 126 Codo de los Andes 127 La Yunga 128 Paraba Frente Roja 129 La Candelaria 130 La Chonta 131 Villa Amboró 132 San Antonio de Lomerío 133 El Chochis 134 La Florida 136 INSTITUCIONES - INSTITUTIONS 137 OSEC 138 Swisscontact 139 Fundación PRAIA 140 PPD / PNUD 141 Conservación Internacional 142 CONAE Introducción Introduction INTRODUCCIÓN INTRODUCTION Bolivia, clavada en el centro de América del Bolivia, an enclave in the center of South Sur, es precisamente por su ubicación America, will fortunately never have massive geográfica un destino que, afortunadamente, tourism precisely because of its geographical nunca será masivo. Es un destino para location. This is an exclusive destination, but especialistas, un destino exclusivo, pero exclusive in the best sense of the word, exclusivo en el mejor sentido de la palabra, because the barriers that make it so special y es que las barreras que lo hacen tan have nothing to do with rates or prices, and especial no tienen que ver con tarifas, con not even with the cost of living. Rather, the precios, ni siquiera con el costo de vida, tiene significance of the place has to do with the que ver con una suerte de sensibilidad que sensitivity that is required to enjoy both the se requiere para disfrutar no sólo de paisajes exceptional scenery and the simplicity of a excepcionales, sino de la simplicidad de un lifestyle in tune with nature. modo de vida más apegado a la naturaleza. Independientemente de algunos highlights Independently of some highlights such as como el Salar de Uyuni, el lago Titikaka y el the Uyuni Salt Flats, Lake Titikaka and the Parque Madidi, lo más entrañable de Bolivia Madidi National Park, the best part of Bolivia es su todo y, paradójicamente,
Recommended publications
  • Mitigation of Environmental Extremes As a Possible Indicator of Extended Habitat Sustainability for Lakes on Early Mars
    Invited Paper Mitigation of Environmental Extremes as a Possible Indicator of Extended Habitat Sustainability for Lakes on Early Mars Nathalie A. Cabrol*a, Edmond A. Grina, Andrew N. Hockb aNASA Ames Research Center/SETI Carl Sagan Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-3. Moffett Field, CA 94035- 1000, USA; bUCLA. Dpt. of Earth & Space Sciences. 595 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567. ABSTRACT The impact of individual extremes on life, such as UV radiation (UVR), temperatures, and salinity is well documented. However, their combined effect in nature is not well-understood while it is a fundamental issue controlling the evolution of habitat sustainability within individual bodies of water. Environmental variables combine in the Bolivian Altiplano to produce some of the highest, least explored and most poorly understood lakes on Earth. Their physical environment of thin atmosphere, high ultraviolet radiation, high daily temperature amplitude, ice, sulfur-rich volcanism, and hydrothermal springs, combined with the changing climate in the Andes and the rapid loss of aqueous habitat provide parallels to ancient Martian lakes at the Noachian/Hesperian transition 3.7-3.5 Ga ago. Documenting this analogy is one of the focuses of the High-Lakes Project (HLP). The geophysical data we collected on three of them located up to 5,916 m elevation suggests that a combination of extreme factors does not necessarily translate into a harsher environment for life. Large and diverse ecosystems adapt to UVR reaching 200%-216% that of sea level in bodies of water sometimes no deeper than 50 cm, massive seasonal freeze-over, and unpredictable daily evolution of UVR and temperature.
    [Show full text]
  • From “Invisible Natives” to an “Irruption of Indigenous Identity”? Two Decades of Change Among the Tacana in the Northern Bolivian Amazon
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Sondra Wentzel provided by Institutional Repository of the Ibero-American Institute, Berlin From “invisible natives” to an “irruption of indigenous identity”? Two decades of change among the Tacana in the northern Bolivian Amazon “Al final nos dimos cuenta todos que éramos tacanas” (Tacana leader 2001, quoted in Herrera 2009: 1). 1. Introduction: The Tacana In the mid 1980s, a time of redemocratization and structural adjustment policies in Bolivia, consultations about a region suitable for field research on the situation of indigenous peoples in the context of “Amazonian development” led me to the Province of Iturralde in the lowland north of the Department of La Paz (Figure 1). The culture of its indigenous inhabitants, the Tacana,1 had been documented by German researchers in the early 1950s (Hissink & Hahn 1961; 1984). Also, under the motto La Marcha al Norte, the region was the focus of large infrastructure and agro industrial projects which had already stimulated spontaneous colonization, but local people had little information about these activities nor support to defend their rights and interests. Between 1985 and 1988, I conducted about a year of village level field re- search in the region, mainly in Tumupasa, an ex-Franciscan mission among the Tacana founded in 1713 and transferred to its current location around 1770, San- ta Ana, a mixed community founded in 1971, and 25 de Mayo, a highland colonist cooperative whose members had settled between Tumupasa and Santa Ana from 1979 1 Tacana branch of the Pano-Tacanan language family, whose other current members are the Araona, Cavineño, Ese Ejja, and Reyesano (Maropa).
    [Show full text]
  • (Acari: Mesostigmata) Raphael De Campos Castilho
    Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Taxonomy of Rhodacaroidea mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) Raphael de Campos Castilho Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Science. Area of concentration: Entomology Piracicaba 2012 2 Raphael de Campos Castilho Engenheiro Agrônomo Taxonomy of Rhodacaroidea mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) Adviser: Prof. Dr. GILBERTO JOSÉ DE MORAES Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Science. Area of concentration: Entomology Piracicaba 2012 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação DIVISÃO DE BIBLIOTECA - ESALQ/USP Castilho, Raphael de Campos Taxonomy of Rhodacaroidea mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) / Raphael de Campos Castilho. - - Piracicaba, 2012. 579 p. : il. Tese (Doutorado) - - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, 2012. 1. Ácaros predadores 2. Classificação 3. Ácaros de solo 4. Controle biológico I. Título CDD 595.42 C352t “Permitida a cópia total ou parcial deste documento, desde que citada a fonte – O autor” 3 To GOD Source of perseverance and life, To my mother Sonia Regina de Campos For her love, tenderness and comprehension. To my partner Karina Cezarete Semençato for her love, patience and unfailing support to me Offer To Prof. Dr. Gilberto José de Moraes For his valuable guidance, friendship and recognition of my work Special thanks 4 5 Ackanowledgements To Escola Superior de Agricultura ―Luiz de Queiroz‖ (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and especially to ―Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia‖ for providing all intellectual and material support necessary for the proper development of this work; I am especially grateful to Carlos H. W.
    [Show full text]
  • Races of Maize in Bolivia
    RACES OF MAIZE IN BOLIVIA Ricardo Ramírez E. David H. Timothy Efraín DÍaz B. U. J. Grant in collaboration with G. Edward Nicholson Edgar Anderson William L. Brown NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Publication 747 Funds were provided for publication by a contract between the National Academythis of Sciences -National Research Council and The Institute of Inter-American Affairs of the International Cooperation Administration. The grant was made the of the Committee on Preservation of Indigenousfor Strainswork of Maize, under the Agricultural Board, a part of the Division of Biology and Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council. RACES OF MAIZE IN BOLIVIA Ricardo Ramírez E., David H. Timothy, Efraín Díaz B., and U. J. Grant in collaboration with G. Edward Nicholson Calle, Edgar Anderson, and William L. Brown Publication 747 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Washington, D. C. 1960 COMMITTEE ON PRESERVATION OF INDIGENOUS STRAINS OF MAIZE OF THE AGRICULTURAL BOARD DIVISIONOF BIOLOGYAND AGRICULTURE NATIONALACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONALRESEARCH COUNCIL Ralph E. Cleland, Chairman J. Allen Clark, Executive Secretary Edgar Anderson Claud L. Horn Paul C. Mangelsdorf William L. Brown Merle T. Jenkins G. H. Stringfield C. O. Erlanson George F. Sprague Other publications in this series: RACES OF MAIZE IN CUBA William H. Hatheway NAS -NRC Publication 453 I957 Price $1.50 RACES OF MAIZE IN COLOMBIA M. Roberts, U. J. Grant, Ricardo Ramírez E., L. W. H. Hatheway, and D. L. Smith in collaboration with Paul C. Mangelsdorf NAS-NRC Publication 510 1957 Price $1.50 RACES OF MAIZE IN CENTRAL AMERICA E.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Excursion Report 2010
    Presented at “Short Course on Geothermal Drilling, Resource Development and Power Plants”, organized by UNU-GTP and LaGeo, in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, January 16-22, 2011. GEOTHERMAL TRAINING PROGRAMME LaGeo S.A. de C.V. GEOTHERMAL ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AMERICA: SHORT OVERVIEW OF THE STATUS IN BOLIVIA, CHILE, ECUADOR AND PERU Ingimar G. Haraldsson United Nations University Geothermal Training Programme Orkustofnun, Grensasvegi 9, 108 Reykjavik ICELAND [email protected] ABSTRACT South America holds vast stores of geothermal energy that are largely unexploited. These resources are largely the product of the convergence of the South American tectonic plate and the Nazca plate that has given rise to the Andes mountain chain, with its countless volcanoes. High-temperature geothermal resources in Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru are mainly associated with the volcanically active regions, although low temperature resources are also found outside them. All of these countries have a history of geothermal exploration, which has been reinvigorated with recent changes in global energy prices and the increased emphasis on renewables to combat global warming. The paper gives an overview of their main regions of geothermal activity and the latest developments in the geothermal sector are reviewed. 1. INTRODUCTION South America has abundant geothermal energy resources. In 1999, the Geothermal Energy Association estimated the continent’s potential for electricity generation from geothermal resources to be in the range of 3,970-8,610 MW, based on available information and assuming the use of technology available at that time (Gawell et al., 1999). Subsequent studies have put the potential much higher, as a preliminary analysis of Chile alone assumes a generation potential of 16,000 MW for at least 50 years from geothermal fluids with temperatures exceeding 150°C, extracted from within a depth of 3,000 m (Lahsen et al., 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Fisheries Resource Use and Status in the Madeira River Basin (Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru) Before Hydroelectric Dam Completion
    REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE 2018, VOL. 0, NO. 0, 1–21 https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2018.1463511 Review of Fisheries Resource Use and Status in the Madeira River Basin (Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru) Before Hydroelectric Dam Completion Carolina R. C. Doria a,b, Fabrice Duponchelleb,c, Maria Alice L. Limaa, Aurea Garciab,d, Fernando M. Carvajal-Vallejosf, Claudia Coca Mendez e, Michael Fabiano Catarinog, Carlos Edwar de Carvalho Freitasc,g, Blanca Vegae, Guido Miranda-Chumaceroh, and Paul A. Van Dammee,i aLaboratory of Ichthyology and Fisheries – Department of Biology, Federal University of Rond^onia, Porto Velho, Brazil; bLaboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l’Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI – EDIA), Iquitos (Peru), Santa Cruz (Bolivia); cInstitut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), UMR BOREA (IRD-207, MNHN, CNRS-7208, Sorbonne Universite, Universite Caen Normandie, Universite des Antilles), Montpellier, France; dIIAP, AQUAREC, Iquitos, Peru; eFAUNAGUA, Institute for Applied Research on Aquatic Resources, Sacaba- Cochabamba, Plurinational State of Bolivia; fAlcide d’Orbigny Natural History Museum, ECOSINTEGRALES SRL (Ecological Studies for Integral Development and Nature Conservation), Cochabamba, Plurinational State of Bolivia; gDepartment of Fisheries Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; hWildlife Conservation Society, Greater Madidi Tambopata Landscape Conservation Program, La Paz, Bolivia; iUnit of Limnology and Aquatic Resources (ULTRA), University of San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia
    [Show full text]
  • Signature Andes: Highlands of Peru, Bolivia and Chile
    16 days 11:13 01-09-2021 We are the UK’s No.1 specialist in travel to Latin As our name suggests, we are single-minded America and have been creating award-winning about Latin America. This is what sets us apart holidays to every corner of the region for over four from other travel companies – and what allows us decades; we pride ourselves on being the most to offer you not just a holiday but the opportunity to knowledgeable people there are when it comes to experience something extraordinary on inspiring travel to Central and South America and journeys throughout Mexico, Central and South passionate about it too. America. A passion for the region runs Fully bonded and licensed Our insider knowledge helps through all we do you go beyond the guidebooks ATOL-protected All our Consultants have lived or We hand-pick hotels with travelled extensively in Latin On your side when it matters character and the most America rewarding excursions Book with confidence, knowing Up-to-the-minute knowledge every penny is secure Let us show you the Latin underpinned by 40 years' America we know and love experience 11:13 01-09-2021 11:13 01-09-2021 This thrilling private journey captures the natural and cultural highlights of the southern Andes of Peru, the altiplano of Bolivia and the salt flats straddling the border with Chile. Arrive in the vast metropolis of the Peruvian capital, Lima, and move on to historic Cusco, the former Inca capital and a treasure trove of Inca stonework and colonial architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • Explora Atacama І Hikes
    ATACAMA explorations explora Atacama І Hikes T2 Reserva Tatio T4 Cornisas Nights of acclimatization Nights of acclimatization needed: 2 needed: 0 Type: Half day Type: Half day Duration: 1h Duration: 2h 30 min Distance: 2,3 km / 1,4 mi Distance: 6,7 kms / 4,2 mi Max. Altitude: 4.321 m.a.s.l / Max. Altitude: 2.710 m.a.s.l / HIKES 14.176 f.a.s.l 8.891 f.a.s.l Description: This exploration Description: Departing by van, we offers a different way of visiting head toward the Catarpe Valley Our hikes have been designed according the Tatio geysers, a geothermal by an old road. From there, we to different interests and levels of skill. field with over 80 boiling water hike along the ledges of La Sal They vary in length and difficulty so we sources. In this trip there are Mountains, with panoramic views always recommend travelers to talk to their excellent opportunities of studying of the oasis, the Atacama salt flat, guides before choosing an exploration. the highlands fauna, which includes and The, La Sal, and Domeyko Every evening, guides brief travelers vicuñas, flamingos and foxes, Mountains, three mountain ranges on the different explorations, so that among others. We walk through the that shape the region’s geography. they can choose one that best fit their reserve with views of The Mountains By the end of the exploration we interests. Exploration times do not consider and steaming hot water sources. descend through Marte Valley’s sand transportation. Return to the hotel by van.
    [Show full text]
  • Madera River Infrasturcture Paper
    DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION Effects of Energy and Transportation Projects on Soybean Expansion in the Madeira River Basin By: Maria del Carmen Vera-Diaz, John Reid, Britaldo Soares Filho, Robert Kaufmann and Leonardo Fleck Support provided by The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and The United States Agency for International Development Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the United States Agency for International Development. We also thank Marcos Amend and Glenn Switkes for their valuable comments and Cecilia Ayala, Pablo Pacheco, Luis Fernando Figueroa, and Jorge Molina for their data collection support in Bolivia. Thanks to Susan Reid for her revision of the English text. The findings of this study are those of the authors only. 2 Acronyms ANAPO Asociación Nacional de Productores de Oleaginosas CNO Constructora Norberto Odebrecht FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FURNAS Furnas Centrais Elétricas S.A. IBAMA Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IIRSA The Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America INEI Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (Peru) IPAM Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia ISA Instituto Socioambiental IRN International Rivers Network LEME LEME Engenharia NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research NCEP National Center for Environmental Modeling PCE Projetos
    [Show full text]
  • Desarrollo Rural Y Conservación De La Naturaleza En Áreas Protegidas De
    Partie 4 p 483-584:Mise en page 1 25/06/2010 10:32 Page 529 Desarrollo rural y conservación de la naturaleza en áreas protegidas de Bolivia: la Puna de Sajama (Bolivia) Rafael Mata Olmo, Roberto Martín Arroyo & Fernando Santa Cecilia1 Resumen: En pleno altiplano central Summary: Sajama !ational Park is de Bolivia está situado el Parque located in central Altiplano and it !acional Sajama, el primer espacio was the first protected area in Bolivia protegido creado en la república in 1939. Aymara communities have boliviana, en 1939. Al pie del impo- lived around the traditional ayllu in nente nevado, en la dilatada puna the foothill of the Sajama Volcano, que supera aquí los 4.200 m de alti- 4.200 m.a.s.l. and they base their tud, viven comunidades aymarás main economical activity on stock- dedicadas tradicionalmente al pas- breeding of llamas and alpacas. toreo de llamas y alpacas, organi- However, during the last half of XX zadas social y territorialmente en century, changing administrative torno a la institución del ayllu. Los policies, demographic evolution and cambios político-administrativos y the heritage of the Land Reform have las reformas de la propiedad y tenen- changed the traditional organization cia de la tierra impulsadas por el around the ayllu. Sajama !ational Estado boliviano en el último medio Park presents an opportunity to pro- siglo, así como la propia evolución mote territorial development initia- demográfica de las comunidades, tives witch will permit nature conser- han conducido a una situación de vation, cultural and patrimony bloqueo del sistema ganadero y del preservation and eventually the 1 5 modo de vida tradicional.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ATACAMA DISPUTE: the Legal Proceedings Between Chile and Bolivia Regarding the Resources Present in the Area
    Department of Political Science Chair of International Law THE ATACAMA DISPUTE: The legal proceedings between Chile and Bolivia regarding the resources present in the area Eleonora Colitti Prof. Roberto Virzo Matr. 082202 SUPERVISOR CANDIDATE Academic Year 2018/2019 1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………. 4 1. Historical Context………………………………………………………………………........ 8 1.1 Spanish Colonization ……………………………………………………………........ 8 1.2 The first Aggression ………………………………………………………………….10 1.3 The Boundary Treaty between Chile and Bolivia ………………………………….12 1.4 The Treaty of 1874 ………………………………………………………………...…13 1.5 The Secret Treaty …………………………………………………………………….14 1.6 The War of the Pacific………………………………………………………………..15 1.7 The Conference of Arica …………………………………………………………… 16 1.8 Argentina’s diplomatic efforts against Chile ……………………………………… 17 1.9 The Peace Treaty ……………………………………………………………………. 18 1.10 Tacna and Arica ……………………………………………………………………. 19 1.11 The start of Diplomatic Negotiations …………………………………………….... 22 2. Obligation to Negotiate Sovereign Access to the Pacific Ocean (Bolivia v. Chile) ………25 2.1 Overview of the Case ……………………………………………………………….. 25 2.2 The Bolivian Position ……………………………………………………………….. 26 2.2.1 Chapter I of the Bolivian Memorial: Historical Background ……………...… 26 2.2.2 Chapter II of the Bolivian Memorial: The Chilean Obligation ……………… 31 2.2.3 Chapter III of the Bolivian Memorial : Chile’s Breach of Its Obligations …... 33 2.3 Economic reasons of Bolivia ……………………………………………………….. 34 2.4 Rights of Access of Landlocked States to and from the Sea and Freedom of Transit ……………………………………………………………………………. 35 2.5 The Chilean Position ……………………………………………………………….. 36 2.5.1 The Chilean Preliminary Objection to the Bolivian Memorial ………………... 36 2.5.2 The Bolivian written Statement About the Objection ………………………..... 37 2.5.3 The Chilean Counter-Memorial ……………………………………………... 39 2.6 The Judgement of October 1st, 2018 ……………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Thin-Skinned Tectonics in the Cordillera Oriental
    INTRACONTINENTAL SEISMICITY AND NEOGENE DEFORMATION OF THE ANDEAN FOREARC IN THE REGION OF ARICA (18.5ºS-19.5ºS) Claire DAVID (1), Joseph MARTINOD (1, 2), Diana COMTE (1), Gérard HÉRAIL (2), Henri HAESSLER (3), (1) Universidad de Chile, Casilla 2777, Santiago, Chile ([email protected], [email protected]) (2) IRD, LMTG, 38 rue des 36 Ponts, 31400 Toulouse, France ([email protected], [email protected]). (3) IPGS, 5 rue Rene Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex France, ([email protected] ) KEY WORDS : Forearc, Shortening, Tilting, Intraplate Seismicity, Altiplano. INTRODUCTION The superficial crustal seismic activity in Chile is remarkably moderate. Almost all the Chilean earthquakes are located on the subduction plane, and most of the intracontinental seismicity that results from the growth of the Cordillera occurs on the Eastern side of the Andes, in Bolivia and Argentina. Geological data, indeed, in agreement with the seismological measurements, show that the Chilean forearc suffered very moderate deformations in the Neogene [e.g. Lamb et al., 1997; García et al., 1997], in spite most of the surrection of the Altiplano probably occurred at that time [e.g. Gregory-Wodzicki, 2000]. The only region in Chile where significant crustal seismicity has been reported in the forearc is the northernmost part of the country, near Arica, where a permanent seismic network evidences an intracontinental forearc seismicity that vanishes south of 19.7°S. In this work, we describe the main characteristics of this seismicity, the associated
    [Show full text]