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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY EDITED BY
E. CAPPS, Th.D. LL.D. T. E. page, Litt.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, Litt.D.
ACHILLES TATIUS
/\ ^^*K ACHILLES TATIUS
WITH AN ENGLISH Tr.ANSLATION BY
S. GASELEE, M.A. FELLOW AND LIBRARIAN OF MAGDALENE COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE
LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN
NEW YORK : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MCMXVII PR CONTENTS
PAGE INTRODUCTION vii
BOOK I 2
BOOK II 56
BOOK III 134
BOOK IV 190
BOOK V 236
BOOK VI 304
BOOK VII 348
BOOK VIII 390 iNDi;x 457 INTRODUCTION
his work), but tlie statement that he ended in the episcopate sliould be looked upon with caution : it is probably a reflection of the similar story told of
Heliodorus, the older novelist. His date is not easy to place with accuracy ; it seems certain that in his style or language he imitates certain writers of the third century a.d., and on the other hand palaeo- graphical considerations forbid us to attach a much later date than tlie early fourth century to the Oxy- rhynchus papyrus fragment mentioned below, so that we shall not be far wrong if we give the end of the third century as the approximate date of the com-
position of the novel. There is no particular reason to doubt the statement of Suidas and of some of the MSS. of the novel that the author was a native of Alexandria, and the somewhat exaggerated de- scription of the beauties of the city at the beginning of Book V. would seem to be evidence of the writer's patriotism. The scholiast Thomas Magister calls him an orator (pj/rw/j), and he may well have been an advocate : his general style is redolent of the rhetorician, and the lawsuit towards the end of the romance betrays a practised hand in the speeches on both sides. It will by now be apparent to the reader how much of our knowledge of Achilles Tatius is little more than conjecture on somewhat
viii :
INTRODUCTION
narrow grounds : one can only say that he seems to come towards the end of the school of the Greek novelists ^ which flourished from the first to the third century a.d., and he certainly became one of the most popular, for he was widely read through- out later Greek and Byzantine days. Beyond the passage of Suidas mentioned above, the references to our autlior in antiquity are very few. Photius "^ in his great Bibliothcca has more than one reference to him, praising his literary art and powers as a raconteur, but censuring some of the episodes and digressions as inconsistent with the standard of purity that a Patriarch could desire
" in this respect alone is Achilles Tatius inferior to Heliodorus." We have a formal comparison of the two authors from the pen of Michael Psellus ; it is too long to give here, but may be found on pp. cvi-cxiv of Jacobs' edition, and is an interesting example of eleventh century criticism, for, besides ethical comparisons, the styles of narration are set against one another with plentiful illustration and considerable acumen.
' See a sliort general article on the Greek novelists printed as an appendix to the Loeb Scries edition of Longus and Parthenius. ^ Patriarch of Constantinople, 858-886 : a man of real erudition, but not quite eijual judgment. INTRODUCTION
Almost the only other reference to our author m ancient literature is an epigram in the Palatine An- thology (ix. 203), which is ascribed in the lemma as
" by Photius, patriarch of Constantinople : but others say that it is by Leon the philosopher."
^(otIov UaTpidp^ov K.(ovaTavTivov7r6\€0)^, dWoi
8e (paacv AeovTO
els rijv 0(fi\ov AevKtinrTjs
"Epwra TTLKpov, dXXa awcfipova (3iov
6 KA£tTO(/)tutTos fiiv Trape/xffiaiveL /\oyos"
6 AevKLTnrrj<; 8e o"co^|OOvecrTaTOS jSco^
(XTravras l^ifTTrja-L, Trois TeTvix/xevr]
K€KapfJi€Vr] T€ Kol KaTrj-)(^pi.L(3ifX€Vr], TO 8^ /AeytcTTov, rpts 6avov eiirep §€ kol av cruxjbpoi/etv OeXj]?, cfiiXo'S, fxy] Tijv Trdpepyov t^s ypa rijv TOV \6yov Se Trpwra avvopofjLrjv jxadf vvixcjiOcrroXei yap tovs TroOovvras ifX(jipov(.o<;. There are difficulties in both ascriptions : the style of prosody is too late and accentual for Leon (and his other epigrams are hardly of the same style), and the sentiment of the little poem is i-ather more favourable to the moral standard of the novel than M-e should expect if we judge from the other men- tions by Photius. This attribution is, however, the more probable of the two—and the real point of the INTRODUCTION epigram is that the reader is not to allow himself to be distracted by any of the incidents of the novel, but to profit by the lesson of the main plot, which is undoubtedly, considered as a whole, a panegyric of chastity. II It must frankly be admitted that a critical edition of Achilles Tatius, founded on a complete collation of the manuscripts, has yet to be made. The manu- sci'ipts, with one notable if fragmentary exception presently to be mentioned, are all late and do not vary very much among themselves in date or ex- cellence : they are described at length on pp. Ixviii- xciii of the Prolegomena to Jacobs' edition. It will here be sufficient to state that most are of the fif- teenth or even of the early sixteenth century,^ and though no "stemma codicum " has yet been produced showing their relationship, they are clearly all derived from a common ancestor not very distant from their own time ; in none of them are there any traces of an independent tradition : one of the MSS. in the Vatican seems rather better than the ^ Two MSS. —one at the Vatican and the other at Florence — seem to l)e as early as the thiiteentli century. The former is perliaps-the best single authority for the text. INTRODUCTION patching. The omission in some MSS. of the words Kol apTL .... Kttipos y]v, in others of koI ttoXlv .... Kaipos 7)v at the beginning of chapter ii. might be taken to point in that direction." The second explanation, or something Hke it, seems the more probable ; but after considerable hesitation no change from the traditional order has been made in the present edition. It would have been necessary to make some kind of bridge between the end of chapter i. and the latter part of chapter iii., which would have presented con- siderable difficulties, and the story, which now reads continuously, would run less smoothly if such a course were adopted. It was therefore thought sufficient to chronicle the fact of the variant order in the papyrus, and to allow readers to try for themselves the difference that this changed order would have made. But the most important service rendered by GH to the study of our author is in its date. It had been the fashion of the last few years to bring Achilles Tatius down to a rather late date —to make all the novehsts later than had previously been supposed, and to put Achilles Tatius as the last of them, except the Byzantines, after a con- siderable interval ; it was thus a common-place among the best German critics to speak of him INTRODUCTION as writing in the fiftli ^ or sixth '- century. But pahieograpliical reasons forbid us to consider GH as having been written later than the first half of the fourth century, and we must therefore not suppose that the ClUophon and Leiicippe was com- posed after 300 a.d. Achilles Tatius must thus, as Grenfell and Hunt remark, be placed only a generation after Heliodorus, and if he comes at the end of the earlier school of Greek novelists he is only just the last of them. Ill Bibliography The first appearance in print of any part of Achilles Tatius was a Latin translation of the last four books by Annibale della Croce (Crueeius) of Milan (Lyons, 1544); in a second edition (Basle, 1554) he translated the whole. The Greek text first ajipeared at Heidelberg in IGOl, with Longus and Parthenius in the same volume. The edition of Salmasius (Leyden, 1640) was both critically and exegetically of great im- portance, as was that of F. Jacobs (Leipzig, 1821); ' Rohde, Der griechlsche Roman, p. 472. * Schinid in Paulj-Wissowa, ^.v. " Acliillcs Tatius." But Schniid had somewhat reconsidered his views in favour of a rather earlier date in his edition of W. v. Christ's Oeschichte 'ler r/rierhifchtii LiUratur (.'ith ed. ), II. ii. p. 854 (1913). AXIAAEOS TATIOY AAEHANAPEfiS TriN KATA AEYKinnHN KAI KAEIT0 A' 1. XiSoov €7rl OaXdaari ttoXl^' 'Aaavptcov r] 6d- Xaaaw [xt^rrip ^olvlkwv tj TToA.tS'* ^rjjSaicov o S77/A09 7rart]p. SiSu/xof; \L/j.rjv iv koKttco vrXari;?, rjpefia Tri\ayo Xiyu-evo? aX\,o<; Xip,/]V, &>? )(^eip,d^eiv pev Tavrrj rw^ oXKaSa^ iv ya\i]vr], depl^eiv Se rod \tp.evo 2 ^^vravda rjKWV eK ttoWov ^efyu-co^o?, aaxrrpa eOvov epbavTOV ry rcov ^oivi/ccov Bed' Wardprrjv avT7]v ol ^iScovioi. KaXovaiv. Trepttcbv ovv Ka\ ttjv dW'>]v TToXiv fcal irepier KOTTMV rd dvaOijpara, opoo 'ypa(pr]V dvaKeip-evrjv yi]<; dp,a Kal OaXdcrarj^i. ACHILLES TATIUS OF ALEXANDRIA THE ADVENTURES OF LEUCIPPE AND CLITOPHON BOOK 1 1. SiDON is on the sea-board of the Assyrian Ocean : it is the Phoenicians' mother city, and its people may be termed the father of the Theban race. There is a double harbour in the bay, wide within but with a narrow entrance so as to land-lock the sea by a gentle curve : where the bay makes an inward turn towards the right, a second inlet has been channelled out, for the water to run in, and thus there is formed a further harbour behind the first, so that in winter the ships can lie safely in the inner basin, while in summer they need not proceed further than the outer port. On arriving there after a severe storm, I went to make my votive offerings for my safe arrival to the Phoenicians' goddess ; Astarte the people of Sidon call her : as I was thus walking about the city, paying- especial attention to the temple-offerings, I saw a picture hanging up which was a landscape and a sea- B 2 ACHILLES TATIUS Ei}/0ft}7n^9 77 'ypa^t'y ^otviKcov >) OaXaacra' Xt8MVo<; r} yfj. ii> c.v 3 rfj 4 6po(f)o^ 7] tS)v <:})vX\,(ov crv/xTrXoKrj. eypa^lrev 6 Te')(VLrr]<; viro ra ireraXa koI ttjv aKidv koI i]\to}? tmv cfiuWcov ko/xt)^ dvew- 5 ^ev 6 jpa(f)ev';. oXov eVet^t^e rov Xeipiwva irepL- ^oXi'y elcrco he rov tmv opoc^wv crTccbavcofiaTO'; 6 Xeifjioyv €Kddt]T0. at Se Trpaaial tmv dvOecov utto rd TreraXa rwv (f)VT(ov CTOi'^rjSov iTrecpvKea-av, vdpKiaao<; Kal poSa /cal jjivppivat,. uSwp 8e Kara fxecrov eppei tov Xet,fx6i)vo<; tt]'^ '^I'pa^rj^, to /xev dva/3Xv^ov KuTcodev diro r?}? 77}?, to he roi? 6 dvOeai Kal toI^ c^yroi? 7repi)(^e6fievov. oyeT7]'yo<; Tio)^ /cal dvolycov ttjv ohov tm pevfiaTL. 'Ez/ he Tti) TOV 7^Lfjb(ai>o<; TeXei TT/ao? rat? iirl 6d- Xaaaav r?}? yi]<; eK/BoXai'i ra? 7rap6evov 7 Te')(^VLT7]<;. TO cT')(i)p.a Tal KUTco, TOV TrehlXov, to yap ^cocr/ia P'e')(pi yovaTO'i dveiXKe tov y^LTMva' to irpoaMTTOv M^pai' crear)- pvlat ra? irapeid'i' rou? Q(p6aXp,ov scape in one. The painting was of Europa : the sea depicted was the Phoenician Ocean ; the land, Sidon. On the land pai't was a nieadov/ and a troop of girls : in the sea a bull was swimming, and on his back sat a beautiful maiden, borne by the bull towards Crete. The meadow was thick with all kinds of flowers, and among them was planted a thicket of trees and shrubs, the trees growing so close tliat their foliage touched : and the branches, intertwining their leaves, thus made a kind of continuous roof over the flowers beneath. The artist had also represented the shadows thrown by the leaves, and the sun was gently breaking through, here and there, on to the meadow, where the painter had represented openings in the thick roof of foliage. The meadow was surrounded on all sides by an enclosure, and lay wholly within the embowering roof; beneath the shrubs grass-beds of flowers grew orderly—naixissus, roses, and bays ; in the middle of the meadow in the picture flowed a rivulet of water, bubbling up on one side from the ground, and on the other watering the flowers and shrubs ; and a gardener had been painted holding a pick, stooping over a single channel and leading a path for the water. The painter had put the girls at one end of the meadow where the land jutted out into the sea. Their look was compounded of joy and fear : gar- lands were bound about their brows ; their hair had been allowed to flow loose on their shoulders ; their legs were bare, covered neither by their tunics above nor their sandals below, a girdle holding up their skirts as far as the knee ; their faces were pale and their features distorted ; their eyes were fixed wide ACHILLES TATIUS rrjv OuXaaaav fxiKpov vTroKe)(r)vvlai to crrofxa, Marrep dcjiijcreiv vtto (j)6/3ov /neWovaai Kal ^07]V 8 Ta? ')(elpas co? eVt tov j3ovv copejov. eTve^aLVOv aKpa<; tt)^ daXdaarj^, ocrov VTrepdvco jiiKpov tS)V rapcrcov virepe'yeiv to kv/xu- ewKecrav Se jBovXeaOai pev 009 eVl TOV Tavpov 8pap,etv, ^ojBeicrOai, he Trj OakdacFT] TrpocrekOelv. T^9 ^e dakdaarj 10 TOVTui to aK6\o (TTepva T')] \€VKO<; 6 x^Toov 1) ')(\aiva 7rop(j)vpd' to 8e croypa 11 hid T>'}9 ecr^?}T09 v'TTe(^alveTO. /3a6v'? opipaXo^' ya(TTr)p TSTap.evty Xwrrdpa crTeviy to (jTevov 6t<; i^vv KaTa/3aivov ijvpvveTC p,a^ol twv crTepvwv rjp6p,a 7rpoKV7rTOVTe SieTeTavTo, rj puev eVl Kepa<;, 1) he eV ovpdv 6 ;; BOOK I, I open upon the sea, and their lips were slightly parted, as if they were about to utter a cry of fear their hands were stretched out in the direction of tlie bull. The}^ were rushing to the water's edge, so that the surge just wetted their feet : and they seemed to be anxious to run after the bull, but to be afraid of entering the water. The sea had two different tinges of colour towards the land it was almost red, but out towards the deep water it was dark blue : and foam, and rocks, and wave crests had been painted in it. The rocks ran out from the shore and were whitened with foam,, while the waves rose into crests and were then dashed into foam by breaking upon the rocks. Far out in the ocean was painted a bull breasting the waves, while a billow rose like a mountain where his leg was bent in swimming : the maiden sat on the middle of his back, not astride but sideways, with her feet held together on the right : with her left hand she clung to his horn, like a charioteer holding the reins, and the bull inclined a little in that direction, guided by the pressure of her hand. On the upper part of her body she wore a tunic down to her middle, and then a robe covered the lower part of her body : the tunic was white, the robe purple : and her figure could be traced under the clothes—the deep-set navel, the long slight curve of the belly, the narrow waist, broadening down to the loins, the breasts gently swelling from her bosom and confined, as well as her tunic, by a girdle : and the tunic was a kind of mirror of tlie shape of lier body. Her hands were held widely apart, the one to the bull's horn, the other to his tail ; and ACHILLES TATIUS TjprrjTO Se afJi(^olv eKorepwOev virep T-qv fcecpaXrjv Kakvmpa KVK\(p tmv vdorcov eixireTTeraajxevrj- 6 Be /coXtto? tov ireirXov iravToOev eTeraro Kvprov- /ji6vo^- KoX Tjv ovro he SiK^jv iireKadriro rco ravpw TrXeovar]^ veu><;, 13 Marrep laTiw to) ireirXw ^yoco/Aey?;. irepl he tov ^ovv wp'^ovvTO 8e\(jilv€'i, eirat^ov ' EtpcoTe^;' el7Te<; av avTwv yeypdcpdai Kai Ta KivrjfMaTa. 'Eyow? elXKe TOV ^ovv "E/^to?, /xiKpov TraiStov, yirXcoKei TO TTTepov, }]pTrjTo TYjV ^ (pupeTpuv, eKpaTCL TO TTvp' eTreaTpaiTTO he w? eVt tov Aba koI inre- fiethia, coairep avTov KaTaye\o}v, otl hi avTOV 2. '£700 he Kol TObXXa piev inrrjvovv Tr] elirov, " dp)(eL /3pe(po<; ovpavov Kal yrj 0a\d O'er •}] ^ It seems necessary to supply, with Hercher, the de- finite article, in order to make the expression balance with the others of the same sentence. ^ This picture may be compared with the short description in Ovid, Metamorphoses, vi. 101 seq.: — A Lydian maiden in her web did portray to the full How Europe was by royal Jove beguiled in shajje of Bull. A swimming bull, a swelling sea, so lively had she wrought The lady seemed looking back to landward and to cry Upon her women, and to fear the water sprinkling high, And shrinking up her fearful feet. 8 — BOOK I, 1-2 with both she held above her head the ends of her veil which floated down about her shoulders, bellying out through its whole length and so giving the impression of a painted breeze. Thus she was seated on the bull like a vessel under way, using the veil as a sail ; about the bull dolphins gambolled, Cupids sported : they actually seemed to move in the picture. Love himself led the bull—Love, in the guise of a tiny boy, his wings stretched out, wearing his quiver, his lighted torch in his hands : he was turning towards Zeus with a smile on his face, as if he were laughing at him for becoming a bull for his sake.^ 2. I was admiring the whole of the picture, but a lover myself—paid j^articular attention to that part of it where love was leading the bull ; and " Look," I said, " how that imp dominates over sky " and land and sea ! As I was speaking, a young man standuig by me broke in: "I may term myself a " living example of it," he said ; I am one who has suffered maiiy buffets from the hand of Love." " How " is that ? said L " What have your sufferings been. The subject was closelj' connected with Sidon, and is repre- sented, almost exactlj' as in Achilles Tatius' description (so far as the bidl and his burden are concerned) on the Sidoiiiai coins. , ACHILLES TATI US 7re7rovda<;,^ eiirov, " coyade; Kal yap opo) aov ttjv oyjnv ov jxaKpav Tt} fji7]T€p6 ijLOt Tedv7]Kev. eherjaev ovv rw Trarpl yvvatKO'? eTepa aX\.r)v irrjpovv /jloi yvvaiKa. ^ MSS. 6 roiovros tottos, Hirschig and Hercher seem right to omit toiovtos. - Most of the MSS read a^ws virapx^^ iporticwv. I follow the Vaticmius in omitting virdpxf^- lO BOOK I, 2-3 my friend ? I can see by yoin* looks that you are not far from being one of the god's initiates." " You are stirring a whole swarm of stories," said he ; "niy ad- ventures are really like fiction." "I hope. Sir," said I, "in the name of Zeus and that very god Love, that you will not hesitate to give me* all the same the pleasure of hearing them, even if they are like " fiction : and while I was speaking I took him by the hand and led him to a grove at no great distance, where many thick plane-trees were growing, and a stream of water flowing through, cool and translucent, as if it came from freshly melted snow. There I bade him sit down on a low bench, and I sat by him, " and said : Now is the time to hear your tale ; and the surroundings are pleasant and altogether suitable for listening to a love-story." 3. This is how he began : I am a Phoenician by nation, my country is Tyre ; my name is Clitophon, my father is called Hippias, my uncle Sostratus ; but he was only my father's half-bi-other, on the father's side, for my grandfather was twice married : my uncle's mother was a Byzantine woman, my father's a Tyrian. My uncle has lived all his life at Byzan- tium, having inherited there a very considerable property from his mother ; my father stayed in Tyre. My mother I never knew, as she died v.hen I was a baby ; and then my father took a second wife, who was the mother of my sister Calligone. To this sister my father determined to vmite me in ^ marriage ; but Fate, stronger than the will of man, was reserving another to be my wife. ^ Marriage was allowed in ancient Greece between half- brothers and half-sisters descended from the same father : but not between uterine half-brothers and half-sisters. ACHILLES TATIUS <3PiXet 8e TO haifjLoviov to /xeWop av0p(O7Tot<; vvKTcop TToWaKi'i \a\,€iv' ou^ Lva (f)v\d^Q)VTai fir) Tradeiv (ov yap eifiapfxein]'; SvvavraL Kpareiv) 3 aW lva KovcjiOTepov Tratr^ot're? (pepcocri. rb fiev yap i^ai 4 Spd/xaToi; ?/ tuxv- ovap ihoKovv avfi^vvai ttj irapOevw to. /carw p^eprj /xe^pc'i 6fx(f)a\ov, Svo 8e evTevOev to, dvoo auipLaTa- icptaTaTat Se fioi. yvvrj (f)o^€pd kol fieydXij, to irpoawTrov dypia. 6(f)0aXjjio<; ev alfxaTi, l3\oavpa\ irapeiai, o0ei9 ai Ko/xaf dpTrr/v eKpaTci ttj Se^cd, BdSa ttj \atd. €7r ITT ecr overa ovv /xoi dvfiS) Kal dvaTeivaaa Tr)v dpiTTjv, fcuTacpepei- tt}? l^vo<;, evda tmv Svo a-(i)/ndTo)V rjaav ai crv/x^oXaL, Kal dTroKoTTTet 5 /jiov TTjv TrapOevov. 7re/)tSe^9 ovv dvadopoiv €k TOV 8eifiaT0 'Er Be TovTw avfi^aivet ToidSe. rjv d8e\(}>6<;, o)? €(f)rjv, TOV 7ra.T/309 S(wcrT/oaT09' irapd tovtov Tf 6 liTTria TM dBe\(^(p '^alpeiv ^coaTpaTd. Hkovcti tt/oo? ere dvydTrjp e/jirj AevKL'TTTn] Kal UdvOeia yvviy 'ir6\e[xo<; yap TrepiXa/x/Sdvei —; BOOK I, 3 Providence sometimes foreshews the future to men in dreams^ not so that they may be able to avoid the sufferings fated for them, for they can never get the better of destiny, but in oi-der that they may bear them with the more patience when those sufferings come : for when disasters come all together and unexpectedly, they sti'ike the spirit with so severe and sudden a blow that they overwhelm it while if they are anticipated, the mind, by dwelling on them beforehand, is able little by little to turn bhe edge of sorrow. Well, I was nineteen years of age, and my father was making preparations to celebrate my marriage in the following year, when Fate began the drama of my fortunes. I had a dream, in which I seemed to have grown into one with Calligone from the belly downwards, while above we had two separate bodies : then there stood over me a tall woman of fearful appearance ; she had a savage countenance, blood-shot eyes, grim, rough cheeks, and snakes for hair ; in her right hand she held a sickle, and in her left a torch. She advanced angrily upon me, brandishing the sickle : and then struck with it at my waist, where the two bodies joined, and so cut the maiden away from me. In mortal fear I jumped up, terrified : I told nobody the dream, but revolved inwardly the most gloomy forebodings. Meanwhile, the following events were happening. My father's brother, as I told you, was Sostratus ; and a messenger came from him bringing letters from Byzantium. This was the purport of them : SosLiahis, to his brother Hippias, greeting. My daughter Leucippe and mxj wife Panthca are on their way to you : war has been declared hy tlie Thracians 13 ACHILLES TATIUS Bu^arrtoi;? %paKLic6^. aoi^e 8^ fxoi ra (f)iX.rara 4. Tavra 6 iraT'^ip avayvov<; uvairriha koI err\ TJ]V OaXaaaav eKrpeyei real fxiKpop varepov av6i^ eTravrjicev. eXirovTO he aura) Karoinv ttoXv wXrjdo'i oIk€T(ov Kol depuTraiviSaiv, a? avveic- Tre/xi/ra? 6 ^coarparo^ ervy^'^ve rat? yvvai^iv iv /xecrot? he rjv jvvr] /jbeyaXtj Koi irXovcria rfj 2 aroXfj. cb? he eirersLva rov<; 6(f)daXfiou<; eir avTTjv, iv apiarepd 7rap6evo 3 7rpoacsOTT(p. roiavrrjv eihov ejoo ttotc iirl ravpw yeypapbpuevriv Y^vpaywriv' ^ o/bb/ia yopjov ev rjhovfj' KOfi^] ^avOrj, TO ^avdov ovXov 6 ^ Tlie MSS. all have SeATjj'rjj' : but it seems necessary to adopt Salniasius' change into Eupd-rr-qv, to give some point to the introduction of the story by the elaborate description of the picture of Europa and the Bull. 14 : BOOK I, 3-4 aa-amsi the Byzantines. Keep safe these, the dearest of my family, until the war is decided one way or the other. 4. Directly my father had read these words, he jumped up and hurried down to the sea-shore. He was not long in returning, and then there followed him a great number of men-servants and maid- servants, sent by Sostratus to accompany his ladies : in the middle of them walked a tail woman richly I saw a dressed ; and as I gazed at her, suddenly maiden on her left, who blinded my eyes, as with a stroke of lightning, by the beauty of her face. She was like that picture of Europa on the bull piercing which I saw but just now : an eye at once hair in golden curls ; black and volu})tuous ; golden eyebrows ^jet black pale cheeks, the pallor shading — ; in the centre into a ruddy hue, like that stain a wherewith the Lydian women tint ivory ; and mouth that was a rose—a rose-bud just beginning to uncurl its petals. Directly 1 saw her, I was lost for beauty wounds deeper than any arrow and soul the strikes down through the eyes into the ; eye is the passage for love's wound. All manner of feelings took possession of me at once—admira- tion, stuiiefaction, fear, shame, shamelessness. I ad- mired her tall form, I was stupefied by her beauty, I I shewed my fear by the beating of my heart ; stared shamelessly at her, but I was ashamed to be caught doing so. Try as I would to drag my eyes away from gazing upon her, they would not obey me, but 15 ACHILLES TATIUS eavTOv; eKec tw tov KaWovi ekKOfxevot TreLcr/LLarc, Kal reXo'i evLfcr^arav. 5. At jxev Srj KaTTjr/ovTO TTyoo? rjixd^, Kol avrah o TTarr-jp /j.epo'i tl tt}'? olKia<; diTOTe/jiOfMevo^, evrpeiTL^eL SetTrvov. /cat eVet Kaipo rov irarepa, ore /u,oi /car 6(jiOaX/jLOv<; dve/cXive 3 rrjv irapdevov. ri pbkv ovv etjiayoi^, pud tov oveipoi^ eadiovcTLV. epeicra? he Kara Tf]<; arpoy- pivrj ^ The dinner couches were thus arranged : LEUCIPPE CLITOPHON'S STEPMOTHER CALLIGUXE As the guests at a Greek dinner-party reclined on their left elbows, leaving the right arm free for eating and i6 BOOK I, 4-5 remained fixed upon hei' by the force of her beauty, and at length they won the day against my will. 5. Such was the manner of their arrival. My father then set aside for their use a part of the house^ and ordered dinner to be made ready. When the hour for it came, we sat down two on each couch . my father arranged that he and I should occupy the middle one, the two mothers that on the left, and the two maidens the right-hand one. I was overjoyed when I heard of this arrangement,^ and I could hardly restrain myself from publicly embracing my father for thus ])utting the girl under my very eyes. I swear that I have not the slightest idea what I ate— I was like a man eating in a dream. I rested myself firmly on my elbow on the couch, and, leaning forward, devoured the maiden with my eyes, sometimes intercepting a glance on her part ; for that was my dinner. After it was over, a young slave (one of my father's servants) came in with a lute ready tuned ; first of all he played it with his drinking, the expressions left and right in the text, describ- ing the benches on which the kidios of the party reclined, must be from the p(jiiit of view of ;i spectator looking u]) towards the middle bench occupied by tlie two men. 17 ACHILLES TATI US TO Trpcbrov 8i,arivd^a<; Tat? ')(^epai, Ta<; ')(^opSa<; eKpove, Kai tl Kpov/judrtov v7roXi,'y7]va<; VTro'^iOvpl- ^ouai Tol'i 8aKTv\oi<;, /xera tovto ySr] ray irXrjK- Tpo) Ta'i '^^opSa'? eKpove, kuI oXiyov oaov KtOapi,- 5 cra'i avv^Se tol'; Kpovpaai. to 8e dapa rjv, AttoWcov pefK^opevo^ rrjv ^.d(bvj]V Kac 'yivofievrj cjivrov tj Kopt], fcal AttoWwv to (f>VTov (TTe 6 6t? TeXo9 Ttjv '\lrv^7]v e^eKavaev vireKKavpa i7n6vp,ia<; \6yo<; ipwTLKOf;- kuv ei<; (roxppoavvrjv Ti rj Tovo oKvel'i, Kal alBfj, kuI aKalpax; (Toxppovec'i; p^ij " KpeiTTCov el TOV Oeov; 6. 'Xl? 8e rjv eairepa, irpoTepai p.€v tt/jo? VTTVov eTpdiriiaav at yvvaiKd' puiKpov he vcTcpov Kal r)p,ei'i' ol pev Brj dXXoi Tfj yacxTpi peTpy]- aavTe<; Ttjv '))Sov7]i>, e'7&) Se ttjv eva>')(Lav ev TOL ocfiOaXpol'; cf)epo)v, twv tc t^9 Koprj^ irpoodiiruiv yepiicr6el<=; Kal uKpdTO) 6edp,aTi Kal p^^XP'' f^opov 2 TTpoeXOdiv, dTTrjXOov p,e6va)V epcoTt. co? Se €69 to hwpidTiov irapriXOov, evda p,ot. KaOevheiv eOo<; rjv, ovSe VTTVOV TVXGiV rj0vvdpi}v. ecTTt p,€V yap BOOK I, 5-6 hands alone, sweeping o\'er the strings and produc- ing a subdued tone by twanging them with his fingers ; then he struck the strings witli the plectrum, and having played a short prelude he sang in concert with the music. The subject of his song was the chiding of Apollo as Daphne fled from him ; his pursuit, and how he all but caught her ; and then how the maid became a tree, and how Apollo made himself a crown out of its leaves. This story, as he sang it, at last set my heart more fiercely ablaze : for love stories are the very fuel of desire ; and how- ever much a man may school himself to continence, by the force of example he is stimulated to imitate it, especially when that example proceeds from one in a higher position than himself: for that shame, which prevents a man going astray, is converted into boldness by the approval of one of higher " rank. So I said to myself : Look, here is Apollo in love, and like you in love with a maiden ; and when he is in love, he feels no shame about it, but pui'sues his maiden, while you hesitate and profess to be ashamed, and encourage a most un- timely continence : do you put yourself above a " god ? 6. When the evening came, the women went first to bed, and we followed their example after a short interval. The others had taken their j)leasure by the satisfying of their appetite, but all mij feast was through my eyes : so that I retired to rest gorged with the vision of the maiden's face and sated with undiluted gazing upon her. Indeed, I was drunk with love ; but when I reached the chamber Avhere I always lay 1 was unable to get to sleep. For Nature will have it that diseases and '9 c 2 ACHILLES TATIUS (f)V(TeL KUL rdWa voa'i][xaTa koI ra rod crw/xaTo? TpavfJiaTa ev ^ vvktI p^aXeTrcore/ja, koL eTravicrrarai fxdWov rj/uitv ')^av)(aXouai fcal epeOi^ei ra<; 3 ciXyTjSova^' orav yap di>a7raut]Tat to aoijxa, Tore (T'^oXcH^et, to cXko'; voaelv ra he rr}? yjrvx^^ rpavfiara, firj Kivoufievov rod rrjv '^v')(i]i> T)]^ el'i to iroveiv o";\;o\/}?* idv Be rjav^ia ro acb/jia 7reB')]6fj, /cad^ eavrrjv t) '^v^i] 4 yevofievf) rS) kukm KUfialverai. irdvra yap e^eyelperai rore ra reco^ Kotjuico/xeva' Tot? Trev- dovatv at Xvirar Tot? /nepifxvMcnv al rol^ KivBvvevovaiv ol T/ry^j}? direXOelv ')]de\ev rj Kopiy iravra yap rjv /jioc AevKLTTTrr] rd evuTrvia- Bi€\€y6/j,i]V avrfj, crvveTrai^ov, o-vveBeiTrvovv, r)7rr6fi7]v, rrXeiova ei'X^ov dyadd rri Kai rjv ro (j)i\'i]fia dXrjOivov Mcrre irreiB?] [xe i']yeipev 6 olKerr]<;, iXoiBopovfirjv avrco t/}? dKaipia^, 009 diroXeaa'i oveipov ovrw yXvKvv. (] dva(7rd<; ovv e^dBi^ov e^eTriryBe^i ecaco T779 oiKta^ Kara irpoawrrov rrj^ K6prj ^ iv was inserted by Cobet. I do not feel quite certain that vvkt[ alone would not bear the sense. Herclier suggested vvict6s, wliich is not impossible, though lie did not admit it into his text. BOOK I, 6 bodily wounds are worse at night : while we are at rest they obtain more power to attack us and aggravate the pain that they cause ; for when the body is still, the wound has the more leisure to hurt. In like manner the wounds of the soul ai*e far more painful when the body is at rest : for dui'ing the daytime the eyes and ears have plenty of occupation and so turn the edge of the disease, distracting the soul so that it has less leisure for its grief; but when the body is bound fast by bodily rest, the soul has the greater freedom to be tossed about by its woe : all the sensations which were lately at rest are then aroused ; moui'ners feel their grief anew, the anxious their cares, those in danger their fears, and lovers their consuming flame. Hardly about daybreak did sleep of a kind take pity upon me and give me a little respite : but not even then could I banish the maiden from my mind ; Leucippe was all my dreams— I spoke with her, I sported with her, I ate with her, I touched I a greater degree of happiness her ; yes, obtained it than in the daytime ; for I kissed her, and was a real kiss : the natural result was that when my servant came to wake me, I upbraided him bitterly for his untimely coming, so that I thus lost so sweet a dream. I arose therefore, and determined to walk u}) and down somewhere in the house, into my sweetheart's presence. I took a book, and bent over it, and pretended to read ; but every time that I came opposite the door, 1 peeped below the book at her. So making several journeys, and ACHILLES TATIUS Kai Tiva revad/jievo^ e'/c r?}? Oea<; epcora, aacfiU)^ aTrrjeiv e)(^(ov Trjv ^^rvj^i-jv kqico)^. kol ravrd jjlol rpiMv ij/mepcbv eiTvpaeveTO. 7. 'H;/ he fiot KXeivia^ dv€-\\no<;, 6p(f)aro<} kol veo'i, Svo di'a^€^i]fC(i> eXeyev ""Ecr?; ttotc kol av fioi. BovXo KaOiadixevo^, ""ESfo/ca," €(f)t]v, " KXeivta, aoi Blktjv TMV aKcopLfiaTCuv. BouXo<; yeyova Kayd}." dva- KpoTr](ja yjrvxrj^ Kpefidp.evo 33 ACHILLES TATIUS 5 d/xopcfiLav ovarv^fj, SittXovv to kukov. dWa 7r/909 Tov ttXovtov 6 Trarrjp dTroj^iirwv airovSa^ei TO K7]8o ')(^prifiacriv, Xva 8. 'n? ovv ravra 'IjKovcrev 6 KXeivlwi, di')(^pia(Tev. iTnTrapco^vvev ovv to fieipuKiov dircdOelaOac tov Xoihopoiv. " Vdfiov, ' etirev, " tjSt] crot BiBcoatv 6 2 7raT)'ip; t'l yap rjSlKrjKa^;, Xva koI 7reBri0f} To?9 8' eyct) dvTi TTupo? Scoaco kukov, (o K€v diravTet; TepiTwvTai KaTa Ovfjiov, eov kukov dfxcpaya- TTMVTe^; avTT] yvvacKcov^ rjSovr]' koL eoiKe Ttj tcov Zeipojvatv (f)vaet' KdKelvai yap ySovfj (povevovaiv a)Srj 3 €(TTi, Be aoi avvLevat to [xeye6o ipel Tt9 IBcbv TOcrovTov kvBoljxov '' 'ATf^'^? o jjieXkoiv yap-eiv iirl irokepiov, Bokm fxoi, irepb- 4 7reT yvvalKe ^ Gottling's correctionjfor the MSS. KaKwv. - Inserted hy Cobet. The article seems clearly necessary. 24 : — BOOK I, 7-8 has the bad luck to be ugly, the business is twice as bad. But she has a fortune ; that is what my father looks at in arranging the match : so that I am un- happy enough to be bartered for her money : I am to be sold into marriage." 8. When Clinias heard this, he grew suddenly pale ; and then he urged the youth to refuse the marriage absolutely, abusing the whole female sex. " " " Marriage I he said, is that what your father is arranging for you already ? What have you done, to be so fettered .'' Do you not remember the words of Zeus ' The stolen fire must be avenged, and so Men must seem joyful and hug close their woe ' ? ^ Such is the pleasure of woman ; she is like the Sirens, who kill men by the charm of their song. Why, the magnitude of the evil can be conjectured from the very preparations for a marriage, the whistling of the flutes, the banging of doors, the carrying of torches ; anyone who sees all this dis- ' turbance would naturally say : How wretched is a bridegroom—he looks to me like one being sent off to the wars.' If you were one that were unin- structed in the examples of poetry, you might per- hajjs be unaware of women's doings ; but, as it is, you know enough even to teach others the kind of stories with which women have filled the stage ^ Hesiod, Works (ind Dayx, 57. Thu punishment sent to men for the fire stolen for them by Prometheus was the gift of woman. 25 . ACHILLES TATIUS (^i\o/jii]'\.a<; j; rpuTre^a, '^devo^oia^ rj hia^okrj, 5 Aepo7r7] yvvaiKa K.av8av\rj<; Ka\i]v, (f)ov€vei Kav8av\i]v rj 6 yuvr']. TO fxev yap EXez^?^? Toiy ydfiwv irvp dvij^xfre Kara Tfj<; Tpota? dWo irvp' 6 he. Yl7]ve\o7rr] ' (i>ai8pa, YiXvTaijjLV7](npa Se Aya /ii€/u,v ova /ubrj 7 (^iXovaa. m irdvTa ToX/xMcrai yvvaiK€<;' Kav "Ofji/jbara teal KecjiaXrjv tKeXo Kal ravrrjv direKO-^ev, o) Zev, ttjv Ke(f)aXr)v 8 yvv7]. Kal ravra fiev irepl rcov ev^Qp<^a>v Ti^ av etTTOi yvvatKMV, evda /cal fxerpiov to aTv^^tjfia. TO yap KdXXo ^ After 'Ax'XAfus the MSS. again read tto^tj, the deletion of which is due to Cobet. - Headlani's correction from MSS. r-qv. ^ Amphiaraus, who was a prophet, knew that he was destined to perish if he joined in the famous attack of the Seven against Thebes. Polynices, the leader of the invaders, bribed his wife Eriphyle with a golden necklace to indicate Amphiaraus' hiding-place and to persuade him to go to his doom - Tereus, the husband of Procne, viola ed her sister Philo- 26 BOOK I, 8 Eriphyle's necklace,! Philomela's feast,^ Stheno- boea's false accusation,^ Aerope's wicked stratagem,^ Procne's murder.^ When Agamemnon desires the beauty of Chryseis, he brings destruction upon the Briseis' beauty, Greek army ; when Achilles desires he makes sorrow for himself. If Candaules*^ has a fair Avife, his wife murders Candaules. The fire of Helen's marriage-torches lit another fire for Troy. But Penelope's marriage, chaste creature, how many suitors did tliat destroy.? Phaedra destroyed Hip- polytus by loving him, Clytemnestra Agamemnon because she loved him not. O women, women, that kill if they stay at nothing ! If they love, they : and do not love, they kill all the same. Agamemnon was fated to be murdered —Agamemnon whose beauty was described to be as of heaven. " ' In eyes and head like thunder-hurling Zeus/ and, O Zeus, a woman lopped off that very head. And all these are the accusations which can be brought against fair women, where the ill-fortune of having to do with them is moderated, for beauty is some consolation in distress, and a certain amount of is good luck amid the bad ; but if the woman not mela. To avenge themselves, the women served to him a cannibal feast of his own son Itys. The story is given at length in V. v. 3 The Potiphar's wife of Greek mytliology : Proteus was Potiphar, Bellerophon Joseph. ^ The wicked wife of Atreus, who sinned with her husband's brother Thyestes. '' See footnote 2 al)ove. " Herodotus, i. 12. Candaules, king of Lydia, was so infatuated with the beauty of his wife, that he must needs shew her naked to his friend Clyges : in revenge for the insult, she plotted with Gyges to kill him and seize his " throne. Homer, Iliad, ii. 478. 27 ACHILLES TATIUS fiTjSe ev/jiop(f)o^, &)? ^»7?, i] avfxt^opa SlttXt]. xal 77W9 dv Tt9 avda')(ono, koI ravra /meip/iKLov ovtw 9 KoKov; firj, tt/jo? 6eo)v, Is^apiKXei^, fX7]7rco jxoi 8ov\o^ yevr], fn]8€ to dvdo Tov ydfMou TO dTv~)(i]iJia- fiapacvet rrjv ciKfitp. /xi], Beojjiai, lLapLK\€i 11 TO Se vvv ej(^ov, ecj) iTriraalav d7retp,i. i^ otov yap pioi TOV iTTTTOv e^apiao) tov KaXov, ovTrw aov Twv hdypwv diTeXavcra. iiriKovcptel Se p^oi to yvpvdaiov Ttj^ y^v^r)'^ to XyTrovpLevovT 6 p,ev ovv dTTTjei TYjv TsXeuTaiav oSov vaTaTa Kal TTpMTa p,eWi]crcov linrd^ecrdai,. 9. 'E7CL) he 7rpb Trjv KaTaycoyi)v, to helrrvov, to KdWo tlvI toiovtov dTV')(^r]pa' TO yap KaKov poi Kal avvoiKei" Kal 6 KXetvia 3 epco/jcevtjv rj tv')(^] koI (f)epovaa evSov iSpvaev. dWo) 28 BOOK I, 8-9 even fail-, as you tell me, the misfortune is double. No one could tolerate such a thing—least of all a youth as fair as you. I pray you, Charicles, by all that you hold holy, do not allow yourself to become a slave, do not throw away untimely the flower of disadvantages your youth ; in addition to all its other marriage has this, that it does away with the bloom of vigour and beauty. Do not wither yet, Charicles, rose to be I implore you ; do not hand over a lovely plucked by an ill-favoured rustic clown." " This whole affair," said Charicles, "must be left to pro- all, certain vidence and to me ; I have, after a number of days before the day ordained. A great deal can happen even in a single night ; and we must think over all this at our leisure. Now, at any rate, I am going riding. I have never made use of your present since you gave me that splendid the grief on my horse ; the exercise will lighten mind." So with this he went away, on what was to be his first and last ride. 9. I related to Clinias my whole story—how it came about, my feelings, how I first saw her, the arrival, the dinner, the great beauty of the maiden. At last I felt that I was talking in a very " unseemly way, and burst out : I cannot bear the })ain, Clinias ; Love with all his forces has attacked me and drives sleep away from my eyes ; I see Leucippe always. No one has ever been in such misery as I am ; my grief lives always with me." '•'What nonsense you talk," cried Clinias, "you, who are a fortunate lover. You do not have constantly to be going to the doors of another's house ; you have no need of a messenger ; fortiuu' has given her to you, has brought her and established her at your 29 ACHILLES TATIUS jxev 'yap epaarfj Kal ^\efifia fiovov ijpKeae rrjpov- fi€Pi]<; irapOevov, Kal /Jbeyiarov tovto djaObv vevofxiKev ipaar^]';, iav Kal /"e^/3t tmv o/xfidrcop evTV')(^fj, ol he evSaLjiiovearepoi tmv epacrrMV, dv Tvywcn KOLV f)7]/j,aT0<; fxovov. av 8e 0X€7r€i,t]V. 6cj)0aXfxol yap dWi'jXoi'i dvravaKXoi- jxevoi a-TTO/xarrovaiv &)? eV Kajoinpcp tmv aco/jud- Tcov rd etScoXa' 7) Be rod KaXXovi dTropporj, 81 avTO)v ei? rrjv '^v')(riv Karappeovcra, e^et rivd 5 jXL^Lv ev aTToardcreL. Kal itap' oXiyov ^ ecrrl t?}? Tcov awfidrcov yut^e&)9* Kaivrj yap ecm a-cofidTcov avfiTrXoKtj. eyob Se aoi Kal to epyov ecreadat, ra^y [xavrevop^aL' pbeyiarov ydp ecrrtv e(j)68iov et? ireiOb) €pcop,ei'r]v avvexv'i '^po fiapTvpla<; tov (f)i,\ovvTa' Kav fi)j ^Lh.i'jar] TL 1 Guttling suggested yKvKloiv for bxlyov, and the sense would indeed be more consistent with /ueiCova twu epyoov just above. I prefer however to adopt Knox's suggestion of inserting trap' before oKiyov. 30 ; BOOK I, 9 very side. Some lovers have to be content with a mere look at their sweetheart, so well guarded is she, and to think themselves very lucky if they can obtain this pleasure of the eye ; others are more fortunate, if they can but get a word with her : but 3'ou —you are constantly seeing her and hearing her ; you eat with her and drink with her : and yet, with all this good fortune, you grumble ; let me tell you that you are ungrateful for this gift that Love has made you. You do not know what it is to be able to see the one you love ; it is a greater pleasure than further favours. When the eyes meet one another they receive the impression of the body as in a mirror, and this emanation of beauty, which penetrates down into the soul through the eyes, effects a kind of union however the bodies are sundei*ed ; 'tis all but a bodily union— a new kind of bodily embrace. But I prophesy to you that you will soon obtain all you desire. There is no more ready road to over- coming the resistance of the beloved than constantly to be in her presence ; the eye is the go-between of affection, and the habit of being regularly in one another's society is a quick and successful way to full favour. Wild beasts can be tamed by habit, as they become used to their masters ; how much more easily can a woman's heart be softened by the same means ! And then the fact that her lover is of the same age as herself is a powerful impulse to a maiden. Those feelings which are natui'al in the heyday of youth, and her knowledge that she is adored, will often inspire her to return your passion for every maiden wishes to be fair, is t)leased to be loved, and is grateful to the lover for the witness that he bears to her charms— if no one were in 31 ACHILLES TATIUS 7 avT7]v, oviTO) TreiriaTevKev eivai kuXj], ev ovv aoL irapaivo) yuovov, epd<70ai mcnevcrdTO), koI Ta')(^eoi avvrjOecTTepo^ TjBrj rfj reXerfj rod Oeov. rt \e Tfc TTOLco; TTw? av TV')(pi[Jbv Tr} 10. " Mr/Sei'," elirev 6 K\€ivLa<;, " tt/oo? ravra ^rjrei irap aXXov /xadetv avroSl8aKTO<; yap ecmv 6 Oeo^ 2 tok€t6v. idv yap 7) o)Bl<; 7rapayev7]rai Kal ev(TT7j Trj<; dvdyKT]^ 77 Trpodea/ila, /nTjSev irXavrj- 6eL<;, Kav TrpoiroKv/jicov 979, evpi]aeL<; reKelv ijtt avTOV jxaLwOel'i tov deov. oaa he eari KOiva Kal 1X1} T/}? evicaipov TV')(7] pbdOe. pbrjhkv puev elrrrj^; irpo^ rrjv rrapOevov d(^pohi(TLov to he epyov ^/]rei ttco? yevrjrai aicoTTJ}. 3 Trai? yap Kal rrapOevo^ ofjioiot fiev elaiv et9 alhco- 7rpb<; he rijv rrj ^ The MSS. liave yvwixrts ^x""^"^ '• it is necessary eitlier to write yvii/xriv, as Jacobs {rijv yvw/xriv Hercher), or to insert n as I have done in the text. BOOK I, 9-IO love with her, she could have so far no grounds of confidence that she was beautiful. One only piece of advice then I have to give you : let her be sure that she is loved, and she will soon return your affection." "But how," said I, "is this prophecy of yours to be accomplished ? Indicate to me at any rate how to begin ; you were initiated before me into the mysteries of the god and are better ac- quainted with the course required to become an adept. What am I to say } What am I to do ? How am I to win the object of my passion ? I have no idea of the way to proceed." 10. "On this subject," said Clinias, "you have no need to enquire of another : Love is a self- instructed expert. He is like the new-born babe which needs no teaching from anybody where to look for its nourishment ; for that is an accomplishment which it learns of itself, knowing that its table is spread in its mother's breasts ; in the same way a young man for the first time big with love needs no instruction as to how to bring it to birth. For when you begin to feel the pangs and it is clear that the destined day is at hand, you cannot go wrong, even though it be your first labour, but you will find the way to bring forth and the god himself will deliver you. However, you may as well listen to the ordinary maxims which are applicable at any time and need no fortunate occasion. In the first place, say nothing to the maiden of the actual fruition of love, but rather look for a means for your passion silently to be translated into action : boys and girls are alike shamefaced creatures ; however much they may be inclined towards the pleasures that Aphrodite can aflbrd, they do not care to hear their experi- 33 ACHILLES TATI US Xovcri' rrjv 4 rol ra prjixara' irapdevo'^ he tov^ fiev e^coOev uKpo- ^oXicrp,ov<; rcov epacnwv ei? ireipav (^epei koi d(f)V(o avvrldeTai toI<; vevfxaacv eav he alrrj- crr)^ TO epjov TrpoaeXOcov, e/c7rX?;|^6t9 avTr) (hra rfi (fxovrj, koI epvdpia koX puLael rb prjpa Kol Xoihopeiadai hoKet' Kciv viroa^eadai, $eXrj rrjv y^dpLV, ala'^weTUi. Tore TO kpyov, ore /xdWov tyjv irelpav etc Trj<; roiv 5 Xoyoov rjhovrj^; aKOvei. edv he, rrjv Tretpav Trpocr- dycov Tr)v dXX.7]v, koX evdywyov avrrjv Trapacr/cevd- cra?, i)he(o<; i]hr) ivpoaep-^rj, aidiira /lev ovv rd TToXXa ft)9 ev /jLVcrrrjpio), ^iki^aov he irpoaeXOcov rjpejxa. to yap ipaarou (ptXtjfia 7Tpb<; epco/bLevijv OeXovaav fiev •jrape'X^eiv, airrjaL^ eari,^ Trpo? aTret- 6 Oovaav he, LK€T7]pia. k&v jxev irpocrfi rL rrj'i 7rpd^eo3 epyov ep'X^bfievai OeXovac ^id^eaOai ho/ceiv, I'va rrj ho^j] Tr)? dvayK'qq diroTpeTravTai Tt]<; alcr)(vvt]<; TO eKovcTiov. fMi) Toli'vv 6 Kv )'] (7 7]<; , edv dvOiara- fiivTjv avrrjv thrj^;, aXX" emrijpec ttw? dvdiararar 7 cro(})ia repfj, e'iTL(T'X,e ^ The MSS. after eVri read o-ia'ir]), which is omitted on the suggestion of Jacobs. - Jacobs thought there must be a lacuna after irpa|ea)s, and in any case there is something of an anacohithon —a dis- jointure of the grammatical construction. 34 BOOK 1, lo ences mentioned aloud : they think tliat modesty is a matter of words, while grown women, on the other hand, take a pleasure in the words too. A girl will regard veiy calmly the first skirmishes that a lover uses to feel his wa}', and will suddenly ex- press her complacency by a gesture ; but if you go bluntly to her with a verbal invitation, you will only shock her ears by the words you employ. She will blush, affect to regard your proposal with horror, and think that an insult is being offered to her ; even if she is desirous to afford you her favours, she is ashamed, for it seems to her that she is already yielding, when the pleasure she derives from your words seems to transform your tentative into reality. If, however, you act upon the other tack, gradually moulding her to your wishes and gaining easy access to her, be as silent as in church, but approach her gently and kiss her : if the beloved is compliant, the lover's kiss is an invitation to her to accord him all her favours ; if reluctant, it is a kind of sup- plication and prayer. Then, even when they have promised and are certain to yield, many of them, how- ever willing, prefer to have at least the appearance of coercion applied, so that by a shew of force they can avoid the charge of comjiliance which would be a reproach to their modest3^ Even if you find her persistently obdurate, do not relax your efforts, but rather watch closely for the means of converting her : here too tact is wanted. Do not in any case, if she remains obstinate, employ force ; she is not yet sufficiently softened : but if you desire her to melt, 35 ACHILLES TATIUS iav Ze [xa\9aK(i)Tepov ijSr] ^eX.779, '^opi'^yrjcrov rrjv VTTOKpiaLv, jJiTj aiToXear]'^ aov rb Spd/xa. 11. K.dycb Se, " M^eydXa fiiv,^^ ecfyrjv, " i^oBid fioc SiScoKa^i KoX €v)(^op,ai rv^^eiv, KXeivia' (f)o^ov- fxai Be ofiQ)<; (jli] KaKwv yiin^rai /not to €vrv')(rip,a /x€i^6vo)v dp')(7] Kal imTpi'^ri fxe Trpo? epcora trXeiova. av yovv av^rjOf] ro Seivov, rl Spdarco; 2 yafielv fxev ovk dv Suvaip,rjv dWrj TrapdevQ). errrLKenai Be /uot 7rpo<; tovtov tov yd/j,ov 6 TTaTj'jp, Si/cata aljMV, ov ^ev')]v ovBe aicr')(pdv yrjfxai Koprjv, ovSe to? x\.apiK\ea TrXovrw fie TTfoXet, dW avrov /xoi SlScoai dvyarepa, KoXrjv jxev, 0) deo'i, irplv AevKLTnn]!^ ISetv vvv Be Kal irpo'i TO /caA,Xo9 auT/}^ TV(p'\.d>TT(o Kal tt/oo? 3 AevKiTTTTTjv fjbovrjv TOL"? ocfiOaX/jiov'i £%&>• iv {xeOopiw KelpiaL Bvo evavncov' epw^ dvTaycovl^erat Kal iran^p. 6 p.ev eaTtjKev alBol Kparcov, 6 Be KdOrjrai, nrvpTrdXoiv. 7rw9 Kpivco r)]v BiKt]v; dvdyKT} p,d')(eTai Kal BiKdaai, irdrep, dXX^ dvTiSiKov e'x^co '^(^aXeTrcoTepov. ^aaravi^ei tov BiKaaT7]v, earrjKe fxerd /3eXa)v, Kplverai /xerd irvpo^. dv direiO'tjaco, Trdrep, avrov Kaioixai ro) Trypt." 12. 'H/X6i9 /Jiev ovv ravra etpiXoaocpovfiev irepl TOV deov' i^ai ^ The last words of this pai-agraph contain ratlier an elaborate metaphor from the Attic S3'stem of the procluction of plays, which is dithcult to render into appropriate 36 BOOK I, IO-T2 you must be prepared to act a part, or else you will lose all the trouble of your plot. " ^ 11. " By your advice, Clinias," said I, "you have given me the most admirable provision for my journey, and I pray that I may arrive safely ; but at the same time I cannot help fearing that my very success may be the beginning of worse troubles and expose me to the more violent flames of love ; and at any rate if they do become more savage, what am I to do .'' I cannot marry her— I am pledged to another maiden ; and my father is greatly set on this match. Nor is his object an unreasonable one : he does not ask me to marry a foreigner, or an ugly girl ; he does not sell me for gold, as Charicles is to be sold ; but he intends for me his own daughter, who was beautiful enough, God knows, before I saw Leucippe ; but now I am blind to her beauty and have eyes for Leucippe alone. I am on the horns of a dilemma—Love and my father wait on opposite sides of me : my father stands behind me, holding me back by the respect which I owe to him ; Love sits before me, brandishing his torch of fire. How am I to decide the contest, when affection is at war with the promptings of nature ? I desire to give my verdict for you, father, but I have a stronger adversary —he j)uts the judge to the torture, he stands in court armed with his arrows, he {»leads his cause with flame ; if I do not decide against you, father, I must be utterly consumed by his fire." 12. We were engaged in this kind of philosophi- cal discussion about Love, when one of Charicles' English. "You must stage-manage (xoprj-ye?;/) your own acting, or else you will not get your play accepted, and so will have wasted all the trouble you took in composing it." 37 ACHILLES TATIUS ^apiKXeovi oiKSTOiv, e)((s3v eVl rov Trpoacoirov rrfv djiyeXlav rov KaKov, co? koI tov KXecviav evOix; dvaKpajelv Oeacrdfxevov, " Ka/coy tl yeyove X-cipcKXel" ci/xa 8e avrov \eyovTO ovv KXeiVLUP Trpo? ttjv dyyekiav d(f)rjK€V rj cfecovr} Kol efieivev dKivrjTO'^, wairep TVcfiMVi ^e^Xri/xevo'i Tw \6 i']\avv6v rjpepi,a, hvo he ?) rpel-i Sp6p,ov<; TrepieXOcov, Trjv iTTTraaiav iirea'^^e Kal rov 'ittttov ISpouvra /cari-ylra KaOi'jpevo'i, rov pvrrjpo 3 drropbdrrovro^ he rrj^ ehpa<; rov<; i8po)ra Karomv ylverac, Kal 6 'irr'Tro^ eKrapa')(6el (f)pi^a<; T€ ri-jv K6pi7]v, olarprjdel^ rw adev i]Wovro, o'l he oirtaOev tou? epbrrpocrdev eireiyopievoL cpddaat, rov hpopiov erreaTrevhov, 4 hicoKovre^ rov lttttov. 6 he ('777709 rfj rcov rrohoyv KVprovpLeva apblWr), dvco re Kal Kdrco Trrjhcov 77/909 rr]v eKarepcov arrovhrjv hiKrjv vecd pjevrj's roi yiapLK\rj<; vnro rov rr} 5 ')(etpL(ji)V. rwv he pvrrjpav ovKeri Kparelv hvvd- ^ The adjective Siaeptos of the Vatican MS. seems slightly preferable to the St' aepos of the other MSS. and editions, being used again in II. xxii. § 3, 38 BOOK I, 13 servants rushed iii^ with evil tidings so clearly written upon his face that Clinias instantly cried out: "Something has happened to Charicles." He had not yet finished speaking, when the servant " exclaimed in the same breath : Charicles is dead." At this announcement Clinias was stricken utterly dumb and stood motionless, as though he had been " struck by a Avhirlwind. The servant went on : He mounted your horse, Clinias, and at first rode quietly enough upon him ; after two or three turns, he pulled him up, and, dropping the reins on his back, began to rub down the sweating animal as he sat. While he was wiping by the saddle, there was a sudden noise behind ; the horse was frightened, reared, and bolted wildly. He took the bit between his teeth, tossed up his head, shook his mane, and seemed to fly through the air spurred on by fear ; his hinder feet seemed to be trying to catch up his galloping fore-quarters, increasing the speed of his flight and spurring on his pace ; his body arched by reason of the contest between his feet, bounding up and down at each stride, the motion of his back was like a ship tossed in a storm. Poor Chai'icles, thrown up and down rather as if by a wave than on a horse, bounded from the saddle like a ball, at one time slipping back on to the horse's quarters, at another hurled forward on to liis neck, while the tempest-like motion ever more and more overcame his efforts. At last, no longer able to hold 39 ACHILLES TATI US /iievo'i, Boii'i 8e eavrov to) tov Spofxov irvevixari, 6\o Kal efXTrohi^opLevo^ el TLva '^povov utt' iK7rX7]^ea) Toi) KaKoi) SiaiXvytov eKc^Kvae, Kal eKhpap,elv iirl TO crwpa pLev rjireiyero, eTrrjKoXovOovv he Kayoii, 2 TrapTjyopMV co? ^hvvdpijv. koI ev rovrcp (^opdhr]v ^apiKXj]<; eKOpi^ero, deapa oIktl(ttov Kal eXeeivov 6X09 yap rpavpa yv, ware pir}heva rwv rrapovrwv Karaay^elv rd hdjcpva. i^rjpxe he rov Oprjvov 6 Trarrjp iroXvrdpaKrov ^omv " OIo? dir' epuov rrpoeXQoov, oio ^ oAos was inserted by Salmasius, and seems necessary to the construction and the sense. 40 BOOK I, i2~i3 the reins, he let himself drive with the storm and still was at the mercy of fortune ; then the horse, at top speed, turned aside from the high road, bounded into a wood, and straiglitway dashed the miserable Charicles against a tree. He left the saddle, shot like a stone from a sling; his face was cut to pieces by the tree's branches and he was covered with as many wounds as there were sharp points on the boughs. The reins twisted round his body,i which he M'as unable to extricate, and then dragged it along with them, making a verj^ path of deatii. The horse, still more alarmed by the fall and finding his speed checked by the body dragging behind him, trampled upon the unhappy boy, kicking out at what he found to be a check upon his flight ; so that now no one who saw him could possibly recognize him as the Charicles they once knew." 13. At this news Clinias was struck with utter silence for a considerable peiaed ; then, as if suddenly awaked from a swoon of grief, he cried out very pitifully and hurried to rifn to meet the corpse, while I followed him, affording him such poor comfort as I was able. At that moment Charicles was brought in on a bier, a sight most pitiful and sad ; he appeared to be all one wound, so that none of the standers-by were able to refrain from tears. His father led the chorus of lamentation, '' greatly disordered and crying out : Look on this picture and on that—how you left me and how you come back to me ; a curse on all riding of horses ! A worse than common deatli is yours, which ^ The Greek rider had the reins carried found behind his waist. ACHILLES TATIUS 3 ovSe €V(7^7]fi.o)P (paivrj ve/cpo'i. Toc aX.Xoi9 TMv uTToOavovTOiv to 'l')(yo irpoaoiircov airoXecyr], jrjpel to elhwXov koI Trap')]- jopel TO \vTTOvp.evov /cadeuSovra /J-i/jtov/nevo^' rrjv p^ev yap y^v^y-jv i^eiXev 6 6dvaro<;, ev he tm 4 acop^ari rrjpet rov dv0pa>TTOv. aov he opov koX ravra hiecpOeipev rj rv^V, Kai pbot TedvrjKa^ ^ ddvarov hiTrXovv, "^^XV '^^'' crcop^aTt, oi/tco? (Tov reOvrjKe kol tt}? cIkovo^ 97 aKid' 77 pbev yap "^v^V o"oi' 7re(f)evyev' 0^% evpiaKto he ae ouS' iu 5 r& acop^ari. irore pboi, re/cvov, yap,el 6v(T(o Tov<; ydp,ov<;, linTev xal vvpLt^U; vvp,(f)ie pev UTe\rj dWd TOVTo pbev ea^eaev 1) irovqpa tv')(^i] pberd aov' dvdirrev he croc haha<; kukmv. w 7rov)]pd<; TavTr) ^ Hercher's ingenious conjecture for MSS. ovtus. ^ Cf. St. Gregory of Nyssa, De deitate Filii tt Spirihis Sancti (ed. Paris. 1615, ii. p. 906 a), where Abraham lanxents over the approaching sacrifice of Isaac : koX atpco iir' avr^ " ovx^ \afXTrdda ya/xTi^wv, aXAa irvp itnTa^wv ; Ain I to kindle for him no marriage lights, but the torches for his 42 BOOK I, 13-14 leaves you an unsightly corpse ; when others die^, at least the lineaments of their features are preserved, and even if the living bloom of beauty be gone, at least the face keeps a semblance of its former appearance and affords some comfort to the mourner by its mimicry of sleep ; death may have snatched away the soul, but at least it leaves in the body the one we knew. But with you even this has been destroyed by fate—so you are doubly dead to me, soul and body too ; even the very shadow of your likeness is gone—your soul is fled and I cannot find my Charicles in this corpse. When, my child, shall the day of your wedlock be ? When shall I jierform at your marriage the rites that religion demands, horseman and bridegroom—bridegroom that shall never wed, most unfoi'tunate of horsemen ? Your is bridal chamber is the grave ; your wedlock with death ; the dirge your bridal song ; these wailings your marriage lays. A very different fire from this, my child, did I hope to kindle for you ; but cruel fate has extinguished both it and you, and lit up in its place the torches of a funeral. A cruel illumina- tion this ! The tapers of your marriage rite have become the flambeaux of a requiem." ^ 14. So wailed his father, and on the other side of the bodv Clinias was reproaching himself: it was a burial?" We might also compare Anth. Pal. vii. 185 and "ill, anil our Herrick's (ed. Moorman, p. 109) That morn which saw me made a bride, That evening witnessed that 1 died. Those holy lights, wherewith they guide Unto the bed the bashful bride, Served but as tapers, for to burn And light my reliques to their urn. This epitapli, which here 3'ou see, Supplied the Epithalamy. 43 ACHILLES TATI US 6pi]voiV ajJiiWa, epaarov kuI irarpos- " 'E^to /nou TOP SeairoTTjv airokoikeKa. tl yap avrCo roiovrov Scopov i')(apL^6pi]v; cf)iaX')] yap ovk i)v ^pvaf], iV iairevSeTO irivoiv Kal exprjTo fxov rw hoypw 2 Tpu(f>oiv; €y(i) 8e 6 KaKohalfKov ixa-pi^o/jurjv Or^piov IxetpaKLOi Ka\S>, eKaWaiirc^ov 8e Kal to Trovrjpov diipiov 7rpoaT€pviSioi<;, 7rpojj,eTC07rt8ioi T7]v Kop7)v' r\ he tjv iv tw TrapaSeiari) t??? oi/cta?. o o€ 7rapao€iaov 2 8ev8pcov 7rav)]yvpi d8porepu)v kitto'? Kal apblXa^ TrapeTrecpuKei' ?; p,ev i^rjpTTjjjievi] TrXuTdvov Kal TrepnrvKd^ovaa pa8ivfj 44 BOOK I, 14-15 very rivalry of laments, the loving friend and the father. "It is I," said he, "that have destroyed him that was the master of my heart. Why did I give him such a gift as that ? Why not rather a cup of gold for libations when he drank, to use and pride himself on my present ? As it is, wretched fool that I was, I gave this fair lad a wild beast, and I decked out the cursed brute with martingales and frontlets, silver trappings and gold- embroidered reins ; yes, alas, Charicles, I furbished up your murderer with gold. Vile horse, the most savage of all beasts, wicked, thankless brute, sense- less of beauty, he was wiping away your sweat and promising you a fuller manger and praising your paces ; and you killed him as you were being flattered —you took no pleasure in the touch of that beautiful body, that fair horseman was no source of pride in you ; you entertained no feelings of affection for him, but dashed his beauty to the ground. Woe is me : it was I that bought for you the cause of your " death, your murderer ! 15. When the entombment was over, I hurried to my sweetheart, who was in the garden of our house. This garden was a meadow, a very object of beauty to the eyes ; round it ran a wall of sufficient height, and each of the four sides of the wall formed a portico standing on pillars, within wliich was a close plantation of trees. Their branches, which were in full foliage, intertwined with one another ; their neighbouring flowers mingled with each othei*, their leaves overlapped, their fruits joined. Such was the way in which the trees grew together ; to some of the larger of them were iv}' and smilax attached, the smilax hanging from planes and filling all the 45 ACHILLES TATIUS ry KOfiT}' 6 8e Knro<; rrepl 7r€UKi]v etXt^^ei? (pKeiovTo TO SivSpov rai^ 7Tepi7r\oKaL 5 a)')(^pdv efxdpfxaipev >) yrj ttjv aKtdv. to, Be avOrj TTOiKiXijv e^ovTU Trjv %/30iai', ev fxepei avve^ecpatve TO KdWo vapKLcraw rj kuXv^, oaov eZ? irepiypat^rjir Kal rjv '^^^ Xpoid Be o'lav i] Tr] ev fjLe<70C<; Be rot? avdecrt, 7Tr]yi) dve^Xv^e Kal irepieyeypaTTTo TeTpdyo)vo^ x^P^^P^ yeipOTTOiriTO^ Tw pev/xaTi. TO Be vBcop tcov dvdecov rjv KaTO- TTTpov, ft)9 BoKeii' TO aXcro9 elvat, BittXovv, to puev 7 tt}? dXyOeia^, to Be t/)9 (TKid'i. opvide^ Be, at fxev x^ipoijdei^i Trepl to dXao^ evefiovTO, ov<; CKoXdKevov al twv dv9pooircov Tpo^ai, ol Be eXevOepov e^ovTe'^ to irTepov, Trepl Ta9 twv BevBpoiv Kopvcf)d ^ Aftei- onov the MSS. give Iwv, which Jacobs removed from the text. 46 : BOOK I, 15 interstices between the boughs with its soft foliage, the ivy twisting up the pines and embracing the trunks, so that the tree formed a support for the ivy, and the ivy a garland for the tree. On either side of each tree grew vines, creeping upon reed supports, with luxuriant foliage ; these, now in full fruitage, hung from the joints of the reeds, and formed as it were the ringlets of the tree. The leaves higher up were in gentle motion, and the rays of the sun penetrating them as the wind moved them gave the effect of a pale, mottled shadow on the ground. Flowers too of many hues displayed each their own beauty, setting the ground aflame ; the narcissus and the rose, with their blossoms—the cup of the flowers —alike in shape but difl'erent in colour, the rose being of the colour of blood above and milk below, whereas the narcissus was wholly of the colour of the lower part of the rose ; there were violets too, whose cup-shaped blossoms you could not distinguish, but their colour wa§ as that of a shining calm at sea. In the midst of all these flowers bubbled up a spring, the waters of which were confined in a square Artificial basin ; the water served as a mirror for the flowers, giving the impression of a double gi'ove, one real and the other a reflexion. Birds there were too some, tame, sought for food in the grove, pam- ])ered and domesticated by the rearing of men ; others, wild and on the wing, sported around the summits of the trees ; some chirping their birds' songs, others brilliant in their gorgeous plumage. 47 ACHILLES TATIUS 8 [xevoL aroXfj. ol wZol he, rerriye^ kuI )(^e\i86v€<;' 01 jxev TTjV 'Ho{)9 aSoyre? evvrjv, ai he ttjv Trjpeco'i rpuTre^av. ol he ^et,por]d6i, TTTcpov. avriXafiTre he r) tmv avOewv dea rfj tmv opvlOwv Xpoia Kol rjv avOiq Trrepcov. 16. BouXo/xei'o? ovv eudycojov ttjv Koprjv ei? epcora irapaaKevdcrai, \6jo)v 7rpo<; tov ^drvpov rjp')(^6/ii7]v, dirh rov 6pvido<; Xa/Bcov Trjv evKaiptav hia^ahi^oucra 1 MSS. Kar avT-liv, which is omitted by Hercher as a gloss. But it is a simpler correction to read KardvTtjv, in the sense of KaravTiov, opposite, and not of Karavra, down-hill. ^ Tithonus, the human spouse of the goddess of the Dawn, asked for and obtained the gift of immortality ; but neglect- ing also to demand perpetual youth, he shrivelled up in extreme old age until it was the truest mercy to change him into a grasshopper. "^ .See I. viii. and V. iii. After the cannibal feast, Philo- 48 BOOK I, 15-16 The songsters were grasshoppers and swallows : the former sang of Aurora's marriage-bed/ the latter of the banquet of Tereus.- The tame birds were peacocks, swans, and parrots ; the swans fed round about the sources of the spring, the parrots were hung in cages from the branches of the trees, the peacocks spread their tails among the Howers, and there was a kind of rivalry between the brilliance of the fiowex's and the hues of the peacocks, whose plumage seemed itself to consist of very flowers. 16. Desiring to influence the thoughts of the maiden so as to make her amenable to love, I began to address myself to Satyrus,^ taking the birds as my text. Now my sweetheart happened to be walking with Clio and had stopped opposite the peacock, who chanced at that moment to be making a display of all his finery and shewing off his tail to its best advantage. " This bird," said I, " does not behave thus without intent : he is really an amorous creature ; at least he shews off this gorgeous livery when he wishes to attract the object of his passion. Do you not see her (and as I spoke I pointed to the hen) near that plane tree ? It is for her that he is shewing his beauties, his train which is a garden in itself—a garden which contains inore beautiful flowers than a natural garden, for there is gold in the plumage, with an outer circle of purple running mela was changed into a nightingale, Procne into a swallow, Tereus into an owl, and Itys, miraculously revived, into a plieasant. '' .Satyrus and Clio are rather inartistically introduced without further description. Satyrus was a male slave of the liouseliold, Clio Leucippe's chambermaid : tliey form another pair of lovers. 4') ACHILLES TATI US rov ')(^pvcrov TrepiOeei tov taov kvkXov, Kal eaTLV 17. Kal 6 SttTfyoo? crvvel^ rov \6yov jllov rrjv vTTodeaiv, cva pioi jxaWov elrj vrepl Tovrov Xeyeiv, " " 'H yap o ep(i> 2 Kal \tO(i)v. ipa yovv rj p^ayvrjaia Xi6o Xiyovai TraiSe^ crocpcov Kal p^vOov eXeyov av" tov Xoyov elvai, el p^rj Kal TraiSe? eXeyov yewpyoiv. 6 he Xoyo '^ pbevo'i TTj Tpj'i aTciaei, fj (f)VTeia 5 TTTopdov yap tov OrjXeo^ (poiviKOs Xa^cov, et ^ The MSS. have Sokw fxoi —a confusion with the other construction, Sok^'i jj.oi. 2 Not in the MSS. Supplied by Cobet. ^ After this word the MSS. have l> &ppriv, wliich Cobet saw to be a gloss. 5° BOOK I, 16-T7 round the wliole circle of gold, and on every feather an eye." 17. Satyrus, perceiving the trend and object of my discourse^, was desirous of assisting me to enlarge further on the subject^ and, " Has then Love," said he, " such mighty power that he is able to inflame " " " even birds ? Not birds only," I answered ; that would be no marvel, for you too know that he is winged himself, but creeping snakes and plants too, and I believe even stones as well : at least the loadstone ^ loves the iron, and if it may but see it and touch it, it attracts it towards itself as though possessed of the passion of love. May this not be the kiss of the loving stone and the beloved metal ? As for plants, the children of wisdom have a tale to tell, one that I should deem a fable were it not that it was borne out by countrymen ; and this it is. Plants, they say, fall in love with one another, and the palm is particularly susceptible to the passion : there are both male and female palms ; the male falls in love with the female ; and if the female be j)lanted at any considerable distance, the loving male begins to wither away. The gardener realises what is the cause of the tree's grief, goes to some slight eminence in the ground, and observes in which direction it is drooping (for it always inclines towards the object of its passion) ; and when he has discovered this, he is soon able to heal its disease : for he takes a shoot of the female palm and grafts it into the very heart of the male. This refreshes the 1 The l''i-em;h call it /'amiaiU. 51 ACHILLES TATIUS fiev rrjV yjrv^riv rov (pvTOV, to Se crMjua urroOrf]- (TKOV TToXtv ave^coTTvprjcre Koi e^avearr], '^(alpov €7rl TTj Tri<; epco/jievT]'? crvfiirXoKf). Kat tovto earc 'ydfJio}9 Oakdj- TTjf; 6 TTorapo'; co? Sid TreSlov Tpe')^ei. y Se ovk d(^avit,€i ^€Tai Se aiiTw peovTi, Koi to a^^iapa i /}9 da\ar- T7]<; ')(apdhpa tu> Trorapo) jlverar koi enrl Tip> ^ApeOovaav ovto) tqv \W(peibv vvpcf^oaroXei. orav ovv 'p rj^ tmv ^OXvpLiricov eoprrj, iroWol p,kv el 1 Not in the MSS. Supplied by Jacobs. ^ Plii\y, N.H. xxxi. 5. "Over and besides, is not this a strange miracle, that the fountain Arethusa in Syracuse should have a scent or smell of dung during the solemn games and exercises at Olympia ? But there is some pro- 52 BOOK I, 17-18 tree's spirit, ;uul the trunk, which seemed on the point of death, revives and gains new vigour in joy at the embrace of the beloved : it is a kind of vegetable marriage. 18. " There is even an example of wedlock between waters, which takes place across the sea. In this case ^ the lover is a river of Elis, the beloved a fountain in Sicily ; the river traverses the sea as though it were a plain, and the sea, far from overwhelming the lover's fresh waters with its salt billows, makes an opening for the river's flow and thus becomes a sort of watercourse for it ; so that it may fairly be said to be the match-maker between the spring Arethusa and the river Alpheus : thus when the Olympic games are in progress, it is the custom for many of those present at the Festival to throw various objects into the v/aters of the river, and these are borne directly by the river to the beloved, serving as wedding presents. Among reptiles, there is an even more extraordi- nary mystery of love, because it is not merely the affection of two individuals of the same race towards one another, but that of a member of one species for a member of another. The viper, which is a land snake, has a burning passion for the lamprey, a snake of the sea, which has the outward appear- azice indeed of a snake, but is essentially a fish ; so when these wish to join together in matrimony, the viper goes dowti to the shore and hisses seaward, as a signal to the lamprey, Avho recognizes it as the agreed sign, and comes out of the water. However, she does not go straight to the bridegroom, knowing bable reason to be rendered liereof, because the river Alpheus passeth from Olympus under the very bottom of the sea into that Island of Sicily where Syracuse standeth, and so cometh to the foresaid fountain." 53 ACHILLES TATIUS Tov ev Tol ^\e7rovTe<;, 6 fxev r]7r6LpcoTT] Odvarov ')(^afiai, t6t€ Kara^aivei t?}? 7r€rpa<; zeal ei9 rrjv r^ireipov e^ep')(eraL koI tov epaaTrjv irepi- TTTvaaeTai Koi ovksti (po^etTac Ta cpiXijpaTa." 19. TavTU \ejcov ejSXeTrov dfxa ttjv Kcptjv,^ ttw? e%6fc 7r/J09 T7)V ClKpoaCTLV TTjV ip(OTlK7]V Tj §6 virecrrjixaivev ovk drihw<; aKOvew. to Se kllKXo^ daTpdiTTOV TOV raw rJTTOv iSo/ceo [loi tov AevKiir- 7r7] Se dveTeWev e'/c tt}? irapeLci'^, lov Be r/ tmv 6(p6a\- pSiV i/idppatpev avy/], at he Kopat ^oaTpv^^ou- pevat pdWov e'CKiTTOVTO kcttov' toiovto^ nv AevKiTTTrT]^ cttI roiv irpoacaTroov o \eip,Q)v, r) pev ovv peTCi pbiKpov diriovaa w^eTO' r/}? ydp Kt9dpa<; avTTjv 6 Kaipo^ ifcdXer ipol he ehoxei Trapelvai, direXOovaa yap rip popcp^jv eTracprJKe pov to?? o^OaXpol^. eavT0v<; ovv eiryvovpiev iyco re Kal 6 SdTvpo ^ Jacobs suggested ive^Ke-rrov rf) ic6pr]. However, I leave the MSS. reading, comparing TauT77;')3A.e7r€ in II. v. §2, wliere, however, the meaning is "stare at," rather than "cast a glance at." See Knox in C/a.s-s Bei\ xxvii. p. 120. - After napiffx^'^ the MSS. have the words Kal /xera iJUKpov TOV Seiirvov icatphs ^jv Kal iraKiv ofioius ffweirivufxev, which Jacobs saw to be an insertion derived from II. ix. § 1. They are totally inconsistent with the opening words of Book II. 54 BOOK I, 18-19 that he carries a deathly poison in his fangs, but climbs a rock and waits until he has been able to purify his mouth, and so they stay looking at one another, the lover of the land and the beloved of the sea. After the lover has been able to vomit forth that which has so greatly frightened his bride, and she has seen the death spat out on the ground, she comes down from the rock to the mainland and embraces her lover, and is no longer in terror of his kisses." 19. While recounting all these stories, I kept at the same time glancing at the maiden, to see talk of love how she felt while hearing all this ; and there Avere some indications that she was not listening without pleasure. The gleaming beauty of the peacock seemed to me nothing in comparison with Leucippe's lovely face ; indeed, her beauty was rival of the flowers of the meadow. Her skin was bright with the hue of the narcissus, roses sprang from her cheeks, the dark gleam of her eyes shone like the violet, the ringlets of her hair curled more tightly than the ivy—Leucippe's whole appearance was that of a flowery meadow. She soon turned and left the garden, as the time for her harp-playing claimed her : but she seemed to me to be still present, as even when she had gone she was able to fix the image of her form in my eyes. So Satyrus and I were then equally well satisfied with ourselves— I for the learned subjects I had been able to discuss, and he because he had given me my startiny-cue. 55 B' 1, " Kjxa Se eavTOv^ i'/raivovvre^ eVt to S w- fxdnov ejSahl^oiJiev t?}? Kopr)'^, iiKpoaaofxtvoi. SfjOev TOiv KLdapia-fiaTcov ov yap -i^Bvvdfirjv ifiavrov Kav eV oXijov Kparelv tov /si] opdv ryi' Kopy-jv. rj Se Trpojrov jxev rjcrev 'Ofxijpov ri-jv 7rpo9 tov \eovTa rod cruo? ixd-)(riv eTretra Se Tt Koi rr] e^aaiXeve. yri<; eaTi KoayuO'i, (pvT(bv dyXdlcTfia, 6(f)0a\/J.o 56 BOOK II 1. Thus congratulating one another we repaired to the maiden's chamber to hear her pla}^ on the harp, for I could not bear, even for a short time, to let her out of my sight. First of all she performed Homer's fight ^ between the boar and the lion, then she changed to a tenderer strain, her song celebrating the praises of the rose. Neglecting the modulations of the music, one might describe thus the bare theme of the composition : "If Zeus had wished to give the flowers a king, that king would have been the rose ; for it is the ornament of the world, the glory of the plants, the eye of all flowers, the meadows' blush, beauty itself glowing ; it has the breath of Love, it is the go-between of Aphrodite ; its foliage is of sweet-smelling leaves, it glories in its rustling petals which seem to smile at the approach of the Zephyr." Thus she sang ; but to me it seemed as if I saw that rose upon her lips, as it were a flower converted into the shape of her sweet mouth. 2. Hardly had she ended when the time of dinner was again at hand. It happened at that season to be the festival of Dionysus Lord of the Vintage ; for the Tyrians claim him as their own proper deity, singing on the subject Cadmus' ^ myth, which 1 Iliad, xvi. 823. - Cadmus, the mythical founder of Thebes and introducer into Greece of the art of writing, was himself a Tyrian. 57 ACHILLES TATIUS 2 fivdov aSovcrr koI t?}? eoprPj'i Sojjovprai irarepa /jbvdov, olvov ovK elvai ttco Trap' avOpcoiroL^} ov rov pueXava, tov dvdocrpiiav, ov rbv t^9 Bi/3/\.ta 4 apiTTeXivov rjv. o Aiovvao ^iXoTi](Jiav TO Se ttotov olva rjv. 6 8e tticov v ^ After avBpdirois the MSS. have ovirw nap' avTo7s —removed by Cobet as a gloss : but perhaps a corruption of a true reading, as the papyrus fragment (GH) reads for it oirov ixiiiroi nap' avTo'is. See Introduction. " Jacobs' conjecture for the pointless oj/epw^coi/ of the MSS. * It is possible that we should here read 'iKapov with Boden. Both forms seem to be found. The whole passage is difficult and probably corrupt. ^ A doubtful name, found also in Hesiod, IVorka and Days, 587, and Theocritus, xiv. 15. It is variously derived from a district in Thrace or as a generic term for wine in Crete. 58 BOOK II, 2 they relate as the origin of the festival ; and this is it. In early days men had no wine ; neither the dark, fragrant kind, nor that from the Biblian ^ vine, not Maron's^ Thracian sort, not the white Chian^ kind, not the island wine of Icarus,^ but all these, they said, were derived from Tyrian vines, the original mother of all wines being a plant of their country. There was a certain shepherd noted for his hospitality, just as the Athenians describe Icarus, from whom this Tyrian story derives its origin, so that it almost seems an Attic tale. Dionysus once paid a visit to this herdsman, who set before him the produce of the earth and the result of the strength of his oxen : but their drink was the same as that of the oxen, since vines did not yet exist. Dionysus thanked the herdsman for his kindly cheer, and pledged him in a friendly cup ; but his drink was wine. The herdsman, drinking of it, danced for joy, and said " to the god : Where did you get this purple water, my friend ? Wherever did you find blood so sweet ? For it is not that water which flows on the ground —that, as it descends into the midriff, affords but a faint pleasure, while this delights the sense of smell - Ulysses' wine which proved so fatal to the Cyclops was a present to him from Maron, priest of Apollo {Od. ix. 197). ' The excellence of Chian wine is a commonplace in Latin poets : particularly in Horace, by whom it is often mentioned as on a par with Falernian, the most highly prized wine of Italy. * Icarus, who was a friend of Bacchus, was given a cutting of the vine by him. Cultivating this, and manufacturing wine from the grapes, he wished to impart the new gift to men : but unfortunately he began by administering it to some ignorant shepherds, who at first drank greedily of it, but wlien they began to feel its effects they thought that they were poisoneil, and killed their unlucky benefactor. 59 ACHILLES TATIUS Kal TTpo Tou aTofiaTO<^ Ta? plva^ evcf)paivet koX Qi'^ovTi fiev -yjrvxpov iartv, et? rrjv jaarepa Se KaraOopou avdrrTeL Kartodev rjSov}}^ Trvp." Kal 6 Ai6vva07], TO v8(op' Tovro Se 7, 71777/;." fiev ovv dlvo rj prepay eiceivro tw OeS). (l?iXoTifiov/jievog ovv 6 TruTrjp rd re aWa TrapacTKeudaag et? ro helirvov eTV')(e irdXvreXea- repa fcal Kparripa 'KapedrjKaTO lepov rov Oeov 7ro\vTeXr], piera tov VXav/cov rov Xtof Sevrepov. 2 vakov pbev ro rrdv ep deal, ^^v')(i^v KaracT'yovre'i, eKpbalvovcnv el'i dvai- a')(yvrLav, /.lev Katcov avrrjv rS> avv)]Oei rrvpl, 6 he 1 At this point the fragment GH ceases : for its different position in the papyrus see Introduction. I have adopted a fair number of unimportant corrections from it, and two which are great improvements : '^ic?^evi toucli before ever it readies the moutli ; when you it, it is cold, but it leaps down into tlie belly and there, far down, lights up the fires of delight." " This," said Dionysus, "is harvest ^ water, the blood to of the grape" : then the god led the herdsman the vine, and took hold of tiie clusters and squeezed vine, " Here is your them ; and then, pointing to the water," said he, "this is its source." That is the way in which wine came to men, as the Tyrian story goes, (3) and they keep that day as Dionysus' festival. My father, wishing to celebrate it with splendour, had set out all that was necessary for the dinner in a rich and costly fashion ; but especially a precious cup to be used for libations to the god, one only second to the famous goblet - of Glaucus of Chios. The material of it was wrought rock-crystal ; vines crowned its rim, seeming to grow from the cup itself, their clusters drooped down in every direction: when the cup was empty, each grape seemed green and unripe, but when wine was poured into it, then little by little the clusters became red and dark, the green crop turning into the ripe fruit ; Dionysus too was represented hard by the clusters, to be the husband- man of the vine and the vintner. As we drank deeper, I began to look more boldly and with less shame at of the my sweetheart : Cupid and Dionysus are two most violent of the gods, they can grasp the soul and drive it so far tov/ards madness that it loses all which are restraint ; Cupid fires it with the flames his attribute, while Dionysus supplies wine which is ' Or, perhaps, " llie water of fruit." - Fresuma})ly that niciitioiied in Herodotus, i. 2'}. (ilaucus was a, contemporai-y of (lyges. 6i ACHILLES TATIUS TOP olvov vireKKavixa (pepcov olvof Tpo haivofxev rj eToXficb/jLev ovSev. 4. K^oivovfiaL 8rj rw SaTvpo) to irav koX avju- irpdrreiv i^^low o Se eXeye koX avrb<; [xev iyvcoKevai, irplv irap ifjiov fxaOelv, oKvelv he eXeyx^iv /SovXo/xevov XaOelv. 6 yap fierd KXo'jrr']^ epoiv av i\ey')(6fj Trpo'i Tivo^, co? oveiSi^ovra top 2 eXiy^avra ixicrei. ""HS77 Se," e^>?, " koI to avTo- fiaTOV ijfiMV Trpovvorjaev.^ rj yap top ddXafxov avT't] e^ei 77/309 ytte &)? epaarijj'. TavTyv irapaaKevdaw KaTa fXiKpov 7ry0O9 rj^id'^ ovtok; e)(eLv, co? kol 3 avvaipeadai 77/309 to epyov. Set Se ere ical ri-jv '-^ Kopijv fi7] fie'^pi Tcbv 6 4 Ti]V hevTepav p,ri')(avi]v Q'lye ')(eipo'^, OXl-^oi' hdKTvXov, 6\ij3o)v (TTeva^ov. rjv he TavTa aov 7roLovvTo " TIt6av(o<; fiev," e(}}r)v, " vrj ttjv ^Kdrjvdv, el TO epyov 7TaihoTpi^ei ^ After Kpovv6r](Tiv some MSS. have 7; tux'7- But it is probably a marginal gloss on Th avT6/j.arov which has crept into the text. cf. ch.vi. §3. - Here in some MSS. follows ^Svov : but Jacobs was probably right in omitting it, as the insertion of a reader trying to make tlie text easier : yue'xpi Ttii' 6(pda\ixwy really means in itself " by glances of the ej^es only."' •"' &v, which here followed in the MSS., is omitted on tlie authority of Cobet. 62 BOOK II, 3-4 as fuel to the fire : for wine is the veiy sustenance of love. She too became more hardy, and scrutinized me more curiously. In this state of affairs ten days passed, but we made no other progress nor ventured further than this duel of eyes. 4. I imparted the whole story to Satyrus and asked for his assistance : he replied that he had per- ceived how things were before I had told him, but had shrunk from questioning me and had preferred to seem to remain ignorant ; for the secret lover, when questioned, often contracts a hatred of the questioner as if he were offering him some insult. " However," said he, "things have already of their own accord fallen out to our advantage ; for Clio, the serving- maid entrusted with the care of your sweetheart's chamber, confides in me and regards me as her lover. I hope little by little to be able to wheedle her and make her so favourably disposed to us that she will lend her assistance to the final effort. But as for you, you must not be content with making advances must to her with glances of your eyes alone ; you use a direct and outright form of speech. Then bring forward your second line, touch her hand, squeeze a finger, and sigh as you squeeze ; if she allows you to do this and seems to approve, your next step is to call her your princess and to kiss her on the neck." "You are a plausible trainer, I vow," .said I, " for the difficult accomplishment ; but I fear that I shall prove a backward and cowardly per- former." "Love," he answered, "tolerates no 63 ACHILLES TATIUS " 'yevvale, e(f)7], SeLXlw; ovk ave^erai. opoifi avTOu TO c!-')(fj[jia w? iari crrpaTioyTiKov; ro^a koI (f}ape.Tpa koI ^eXr] koI irvp, ch'Bpeia Trdvra koL ToXprj'i yepovTU. roiourov ovv iv creavTM deov ^ exo)!', 8eiA,o? el koL (f)o/3fj; opa prj KaTa-^evar) 6 Tov 9eov. dpXV^ ^^ o'Oi eyo) irape^w rrjv KXeicb jap aira^o) paXiara orav eivLri^heiov tSco Kaipbv TOV ere rfi irapdevo) hvvaadai, Kaff" avrov crvvelvat pbovrjr 5. TaOra eliroov e')(^u>pr]aev e^co tmv Ovpwv ejco oe /car ep^aurbv jev6pevo TYjv TTapOevov. " lS/le-)(^pi Tivo<=;, avavhpe, cnya^;; tl oe oeiXo^ el "Tcjap, ft) KaKohaipov, ov awc^povel^; tl he ovk epa opdTU) gIt e^0Lvi')(^9'r]v. povi] he tjv koX ovBe i) IsSXeiw crvpbTraprjV. opbw^ ovv, co? dv Tedopv^7]p,evo ^ So the Munich MS., giving better grammar. The other MSS. have KaTarpevS-p. 64 BOOK II, 4-6 cowardice at all : look how warlike is his appear- ance—bow, quiver, arrows, and fire —all of them the furniture of courage, and rich with venturous enter- prise. With such a god as that within you, can you be backward and fearful ? Be careful not to give him the lie. However, I will give you an opening : I will distract Clio directly I see the most favourable time for you to be alone and by yourself to have a private conversation with the maiden." 5. This said, he left the room : when I was by myself, stimulated by Satyrus' words, I began to screw up my courage for the coming attack. " How long," said I, " do you mean to keep silent, you coward ? Why are you so fearful a soldier of so brave a god ? Do you expect the maiden to make " the first advances towai'd you ? Then I went on : " But why cannot you control yourself, fool ? Wliy not love Avhere duty bids you ? You have another in the house—a virgin, and fair : love her, look at her, maiTiage with her is in your power." I thought that I had ])ersuaded myself, but deep down love " answered, as though speaking from my heart : Ha, insolent, do you dare to take arms and set yourself up to do battle with me } I can fly, I can slioot, I can burn, how can you avoid me? If you escape my bow, you cannot esca[)e my fire ; and if you can quench my fire by your self-control, I shall yet catch you with my wings." 6. While I was thus arguing with myself, I un- expectedly found that I was standing in the maiden's presence, and at the sudden sight of her I turned pale and then blushed red : she was all alone, not even Clio with her. However, I could say nothing in 65 ACHILLES TATIUS " " 2 e')(^u>v n etVw, Xaipe,^' ^(fitjv, Beairoiva." t) Be jxeihidcTacra yXvKV ical eix<^avi(jaaa 8ia rov ye\wTO<;, on, avvfJKe ttw? elTTOv to " Xalpe, " 8eaTToiva,'' eiirev '£70) arj; fxr] tout' eiTrrji;.^^ " Kat fjirjv ireTrpaKe fie rl iyiXaae. " Uotov 'Epp.yv; ri Xrjpet'i,'' elnrov, " elSvca (Ta(^M \oyov 7. "Erv^e T?7 TrpoTepaia javr-qq 7]p,epa irepl /jLearjp/Spiav r) Trat? ^uXkovaa Kiddpa, eiTLTTaprjv he avrfj fcal 7) KXeico Kal TrapeKadyro, Sie^dSi^ov he eyd>' /cal ri<; e^aicf)vrj}9 2 KXetoO? eirdra^e ri]v %ei/3a. Kal 77 fiev dvsKpayev 7) he 7rat<; dvaOopovaa Kal Karadepevr} Tr)v Kiddpav Karevoei rt]V irX-qytp, Kal dpia TTaprjvei, Xeyovaa fnjhev d')(^decr6af iravaeiv yap avTrjv T?}9 d\y)]h6vo hiha'^^drjvai yap avrrjv viro Tivo'i Alyv7rTLa 3 '7T\riya Kat eXeyev tj KXeion pierd puiKpov pdwv yeyovevai. Tore ovv Kara rvyn-jv pueXirrd rt<; rj a(f)r}^ irepi^opb^rjaacra, kvkXo) pov rb irpoauiTrov rrepi- €7rr)]' Kuyo) Xap^dpo) ro evdvpiov Kal rrjv X^^P(^ eTri/SaXoiv rot 4 TTeirXy'^Oai Kal dXyelv. 1) he Tral^ irpoaeXOovcra, 66 BOOK II, 6-7 my agitation, but did my best with " Greetings, my princess." She smiled very sweetly, showing through her smile that she understood why I greeted her as " my princess, and said : I your princess ? Do not call me by such a name." "Say not so," said I: " one of the gods has sold me into captivity to you, as he did Hercules ^ to Omphale." '"' Is it Hermes you mean," said she, '^ whom Zeus sent to effect the " !" sale } and burst out laughing. " Hermes, indeed 1 answered. " How can you talk such nonsense, when you know well enough what I mean ? ' One such repartee led to another, and my good luck helped me. 7. Now it had happened on the day before that while the maiden was playing on her harp, Clio was sitting by her and I was walking about the room : and suddenly a bee Hevv in from somewhere and stung Clio on the hand, who gave a loud scream. Leucippe jumped up, laid down her harp, examined the wound, and did her best to comfort her, telling her not to complain ; for she could ease her of the pain by saying over it a couple of charms which she had learned of a gipsy against the stings of wasps and bees : and she pronounced them, and almost innnediately Clio said that she was much better. Well, on this second occasion there happened to be some wasp or bee buzzing about and flying- round my face, so I adopted the idea, and putting my hand to my face, pretended that I had been stung and was in pain. The maiden came over 1 Hercules had committed some crime ; opinions differ as to whether he had killed somebody or stolen a tripod from AjjoUo's shrine. To expitxte this he was ordered by Zeus, UHHig Hermes as messenger, to be a sUive for a time of Omphale, Queen of Lydia. 67 ACHILLES TATIUS '^^^^ ttov 6TTard)(0r]V' elXKe rt)v X^^P'^ eirvvOdveTO " /ca7<», " Kara rov x^iXovi" €(f>y]v. aWa Tt " ovK eTrdheL';, (^iXraTrj; 1) Se TrpocrT^XOe re koI dve6r]Kev, &)? iiracrova-a, to arofxa, kuI tl e^jn- Ovpi^ev, eTTLTToXrj'i ylravovad jxov rtov x^iXewv. 5 Kuja) KaTe(f)L\ovv aucnrfi, KkeTrrcov rwv (^lKi]- judrmv tov -^o^ov, rj 8e dvoLjovcra Kat Kkeiovaa TOiV x^LXeoiv rrjV (TV/jL^o\i]v rG) Tfj<; eVcoo/}? \lndupia-fiari, (^tXj/^ara iiroieL Tt]v e'ir(phrjv Kd<^(x> Tore 8r] Trepi/SaXwv (pavepax^ KarecpiXovv 7) Se Bta- " " " (Txov(Ta, Tt TTOcel'i; 6(j)7], koI av KareTraSea; "Tr/v eVwSoi/," elirov,^ " (f)tXco,orL pLOv ri]v oSvvrjv 6 Idaw" £09 he avvrjicev 6 Xiyo) Kol e/aeiSiaae, 6appt](xa repov rj 8e rjveix'^'ro, KcoXvovaa 8r)dev. 8. eV rovrcp TToppcodep ISovre'i irpoaiovaav rrjV Oepdiraivav SteXvdripev, eyo) p.ev ciKOiv Kal Xv7rovpevo<;, rj 8e OVK o2S' OTTCO^ ^''X^^' 'l^dwv ovv iyeyoveiv Kal pear6<; eXTTiocov, yaOop.'qv he eiriKaOi^pevov p.oL rov &) 1 The MS8. read on ^i\a> 'dn. The first on was bracketed by Salniasius. 68 BOOK II, 7-8 to me, drew my hand away, and asked nie where " " the sting was : On the Hp," said I : will you not repeat the charm, my dearest ? " She came close to me and put her mouth close to mine, so as to work the charm, and murmured something while she touched the tip of my lips ; and I gently kissed lier, avoiding all the noise of an ordinary salute, until, in the successive opening and shutting of her lips as she murmured it, she converted the charm into a series of kisses : then at last I actually threw my arms round her and kissed her fully without further pretence. At this she started back, crying : " " What are you doing ? Are you saying a charm too ? " No," said I, " I am kissing the charmer who has cured me of my pain." As she did not misunderstand my words, and smiled, I plucked up my courage " and went on : Ah, my dearest, I am stung again, and worse : this time the wound has reached my heart and needs your charm to heal it. I think you must have a bee on your lips, so full of honey are you, and your kisses sting. I implore you to repeat your charm once more, and do not hurry over it and make the wound worse again." So speaking, I put my arm more boldly round her and kissed her with more freedom than before : and she let me do it, while pretending to resist. 8. At that moment we saw her serving-maid approaching from a distance and sprang apart: with me it went much against the grain and to my displeasure — what her feelings were I do not know. This experience made me feel less unhap})y, and I began to be full of hope : I felt as if the kiss, like some material object, Avere still on ray lips and j)reserved it jealously, keeping it as a kind of treasury 69 ACHILLES TATIUS 2 epacnfj fyXvKV. Kol yap airo rov KaWitTTOV TMv rov (T(o/jiaTo<; opydvcoi' TiKrerai' arofxa yap (f)(i)V')]iX7]/LiaTa. ovk olha he ovTco Tvporepov '))adel<; Ik t?}? /capSia^' kul rore rrpMTOv ejxaOov otl firjSev epi^ei irpo'^ rjSovijv cf)ik7]p.aTi epa>TLKU). 9. 'EvreiS^ Se tov heiirvov Kaipo 6fjboiQ)<; avveTTivopev owo^oei 8e 6 ^drvpo<; rnulu kul Ti iroiel epcoTLKov. ScaXXdacreL ra eKTrcofiaTa kul TO fjiev ifibv TTj Koprj irpoarlOricn, to Be eKebvr]^ epoi, Kol ey^eoov dfji(f)OTepoL'i kul K6paaa/iievo<; 2 Mpeyev. eyco Be e7riTi]p7]cra<; to fiepo eK7r(t}fj,aT0'i, ev9a to 'xel\o 3 (f)i\ouv TO eKTTcofxa. 7) Be &)? elBev, (rvvrjKev otl TOV ')(ei\ov TTiVOVcrav, Kal e'^aipov 7/87; irXeov, Kai TpLTov eyevcTO tovto Kal TCTapTOV Kai, to Xolttov T7]<; rj/xepaii ovTca dXXi'fXoi the wine and made the mixture : I had observed which part of the cup she had touched when drinking, and then set my own lips upon the same place wlien I drank myself, so that as my mouth touched the brim I seemed to be sending her a kiss at bv proxy : when she saw this, she comprehended once that I was glad enough to kiss even the shadow of her lips. Presently Satyrus once more stole away the cups and again exclianged them : then I saw her copying my procedure and drinking from the same spot where 1 had drunk, and at this 1 was still more delighted. This happened a third and a fourth time, and indeed for the rest of that evening we were thus pledging kisses to one another. 10. When the dinner was over Satyrus came up to me and said : " Now is the time to play 1 Cf. cli. xxxvii. Tho idea is a commonplace of Creelc and Latin literaLuie, from a famous epigram of T'lato's onward; and Tennyson's Fatima: "With one long kiss he drew My whole soid through my lips." 71 ACHILLES TATIUS avrrjv avairaveTar fiovq Se rj 7ra7s ^aBietTat Kara ra eWicrfjueva T)} fiev avro^, ijco Se ttj irathX 8ia\a')(^6i'T6 rj KXcLco, ?; 8e 7rap9evo '^ avyr]<; ifiapacveTO, Trpoaei/jLi rrpo^ avrrju 6pa<7VTepo Mcrirep aTpaTLOirrj^ r}6ii vevncrjKco^ koX tov TToXeixov icaTaTre^povr-jKOLXi- ttoWcl yap rjv ra Tore OTrXi^ovrd jxe Oappelv, olvo^, epo)^, cX7rt9, eprjpLia' KOL ovSev eliToov, ciXX ft)9 eirl crvyKei/nevop epyop, 4 CO? el^ov, •rrepL')(^vde\'i ti]p Kopr/p KaTe^ikovp. ('a Be Kal e'Ke')(eipovp rt irpovpyov rroielp, '^6(j)o<; ri^ r)/jbcop KaroTTip yiperai' Kal rapa'x^6epTe irrjhijcrap.ep. Kal rj fiep eireKewa rpeireTai eVl TO ScofiuTiop avTP] ydp fxot, iBoKec oaa eirpaTTopbep, utto tlpi rwv BepBpwp Xo^cop fMT] Tt9 r)/LLtp eireXdr]' Kal avro^ r/p 6 iroLrjaa^ top -^^rcx^op, irpoaioPTa Oeacydfiepo^; Twa. 1 Here followed in the M8S. rov (pccTos, which was lightly expunged b}' Spitzner as a gloss on ttjs oir77js. * vphs avrr\i' is found in the M8S. after 'yiv6fjifvos. I prefer this transposition to i-emoving it altogether, with Hercher. =' Some MSS. have 8e Kai, but the second word is better omitted with the Vatican MS. 72 o BOOK II, I the man. Your sweetheart's mother, as you know, is not in good health and is gone to rest alone : while Leucippe will take a sti'oll, before retiring to sleep, with no other escort than her maid Clio, her regular attendant : I will fall into conversation with Clio and lead her apart." Acting on this suggestion, we lay in wait for them, I devoting my energies to the maiden, and he to Clio : and all turned out well ; Clio disappeared, and Leucippe was left walking in the court. I thus bided my time until the greater part of the sun's light was obscured, and then advanced to the attack, a bolder man since the success of my first onslaught, like a soldier that has already gained the victory and made light of war : for the arms that gave me such confidence were not a few—wine, love, hope, solitude : so that I uttered never a word, but without other preliminaries, as if all had been arranged between us beforehand, I threw my arms round her and kissed her. I was even beginning to make further advances, when we suddenly heard a noise behind us, and in our anxiety jumped apart : she retii-ed to her chamber and I to the other part of the house, very angry at the spoiling of such a good beginning, and cursing the noise. While so engaged Satyrus met me with a smiling face : it appeared that he had seen all our proceedings, hiding behind some bushes in case anybody should come ; and it was he that had made the noise, because he had seen someone approaching. 73 ACHILLES TATIUS 11. OXljcov 8e i]fxepo)v SteXOovacov, 6 Trarijp fjboi Toy? ydfj.ov'i avveKpoTet Outtov ?} SiejvcoKei. evvTTVLa jap avrov SierdpaTre TroWd- eSo^ev ayetv rj/xMi' rou<; ydfu,ov ^ Ta 2 fidWov TjireiyeTO avvayayetv r)fid TTjv varepaiav TrapecrKevd^ero. ecovrjTO Be rrj Koprj ra tt/oo? top evOa Be tol^ ecrdPjcnv '^'?'> dWai fjiev )) Kprjirh tov XlOov, to Be fjuecrov aSifJia XevKov TU) /jLcXavL avve(^aiveTO, e^rj TO XotTTOv eTTvppia Kopv(f)ov/A.€vov 6 Xl.do'i Be Tft) XP'^'^V (^Te^avovjievo 7) TTopcjivpa TTjv fia(p7]v, aXA-' olav fivOoXoyovat Tvpioi TOV 7roi/xevo<; evpetv tov Kvva, y fcal f^expt' TOVTOv ^diTTOvaiv ^A(f)poBiTr]^ tov TreirXov- 1 Tliere seeins to be something missing liore in tlie (Sreek. The Latin transhxtion of Annibale della Cioec (published in 1544 before the appearance of the Greek text) contains words whicli may l)e rendered " and, a tiling that gave him even keener anguish, the bride and I disappeared from liis sight." Whether or not any MS. ever contained the original of these words, the sense is not unlike that which is required. 74 BOOK II, II 11. A few days later, my father began to push On the preparations for my marriage with more haste than he had originally intended, because he was being troubled by frequent dreams. He thought that he was conducting our marriage ceremonies, and had already lit the torches, when the fire was suddenly put out [and, what disturbed him even more deeply, both Calligone and I vanished]. This made him in the greater hurry to unite us, and preparations were made for the wedding to be on the following day. All the bridal ornaments had been bought for the maiden : she liad a necklace of various precious stones and a dress of which the whole ground was purple ; where, on ordinary dresses there would be braidings of purple, on this they were of gold. In the necklace the gems seemed at that rivalry with one another ; there was a jacinth might be described as a rose crystallized in stone ^ and an amethyst that shone so brightly that it seemed of akin to gold ; in between were three stones graded colours, all mounted together, forming a gem black at the base, white streaked with black in the middle, and the white shaded oft' into red at the top : the whole jewel was encircled with gold and presented the appearance of a golden eye. As for the dress, the purple with which it was dyed was no casual tint, but that kind which (according to the story the Tyrians tell) was discovered by the shep- herd's dog, with which they dye Aphrodite's robe ^ This does not refer to llie shape of the gem, but to its colour. 75 ACHILLES TATIUS rjv Tjpiaypbeva koX rpavp,a vo/j,iaa<; rrjv /3a(f)}]v irpoa- etcTi Kal aTTeirXwe rf] OaXdcrar}, Kal ro alp^a Xap-TTporepov i'7rop 7 ediye, rrjv iropi^upav etye Kal 7) xeip. crvvrjKev ovv rov k6')(Xov rrjv p,aXXov eplov, KadrjKev el ^ Foi' T7;i' eiK6va Hei'crher suggested rhv oIkov (Knox, better, tV oikioj'), the "home" of the Aye instead of its "appearance." But the change does not seem absoUitely necessary. ^ This interruption of the action by a description of the origin of the purple dye seems strangely inartistic to us. Compare the account in ch. ii. above of the discovery of wine, and the account of the hippopotamus in, Bk. IV. ii. sqq.: 76 BOOK II, II to tliis day. There ^ was once a timC;, you must know, when purjjle was still an ornament forbidden to men ; it lay concealed in the round cavity of a tiny shell. A fisherman captured some of these ; he at first thought that he had obtained some fish, but when he saw that the shell was rough and hard, he was vexed with what he had caught, and threw it away as the mere offal of the sea. A dog found this windfall, and crunched it with its teeth ; the blood of the dye streamed all over the dog's mouth, staining its muzzle and indelibly imprinting the purple on its lips. The shephei'd,^ seeing his dog's lips thus blood-stained, thought that the colour arose from a wound, and went and washed it in sea-water ; but the blood only shone the brighter, and when he touched it with his hands, some of the purple appeared on tlie hand. He then realised the character of the shell, how it contained Avithin it a medicament of great beauty ; he took a fleece of wool and pressed it into the interior of the shell, trying to find out its secret; and the wool too appeared as though blood-stained, like the dog's muzzle ; thence he learned the appearance of the dye. He therefore took some stones and broke the outer shell which hid the substance, opened the hiding-place of the purj^le, and thus discovered what was a very treasury of dye. there are many other instances. It may perhaps here be mentioned that the famous purple was prol)ably more like our scarlet or crimson. ^ It does not seem quite certain whether tlie "shepherd'' " " and the fisherman ate identical : the scribe of one manu- script clearly thought so, by here altering ttoimtJi/ into aAievs. lint a fisherman woukl perhaps not have possessed a dog, and the two seem better regarded as quite separate persons. 77 ACHILLES TATIUS 12. 'Kdvev ovv Tore o Trarrjp irpoTeXeia roov yafjLcov. o)? he ij/covaa, aircoXciiXeLV koX e^ijrovv /j,T])^avrjV 8t' ^9 ^ dvajSaXeaOai hwa'tixriv rov 'ydixov. (TKOirovvro^ he fxov, d6pv/3o<; e^alcpvy]'? ^ Cobet would here insert av, believing that it had fallen out because it consisted of the same two letters as the opening of the next word. It would be necessary in classical Greek, but its absence may perhaps be excused in a writer of so late a date as this. ^ After tins the MSS. have the sentence to Se ff,yov evBvs airefiri' rhv yap aeThv avawTcivTa eirl Tr/f ddXacrffav crvveffr) (pavijvai ovKfTt, which .Jacobs saw to be a gloss. 78 ; BOOK II, 12-13 12. My father then began to perform the sacrifices wedding which are the necessary prehminaries to a ; and when I heard of this, I gave myself up for lost and began to look for some excuse to defer it, While I was thus engaged, a sudden tumult arose throughout the men's part of the house : and this was what had occurred. My father was in the act of sacrificing, and had just placed the victims upon the altar, when an eagle swooped down from above and carried off the offering. It was of no avail that flew off those present tried to scare him away ; he carrying away his prey. Now this seemed to bode no good, so that they postponed the wedding for soothsayers and that day : my father called in augurs and related the omen to them ; and they answered that he must perform a sacrifice at mid- night to Zeus as god of strangers upon the sea-shore, for that was the direction in which the bird had it flown. [And that was the end of the matter : for had indeed so chanced that the eagle had flown seaward and appeared no more.] At all this I was greatly delighted with the eagle, and I re- marked that it was certainly true that the eagle was the king of all birds. Nor was it long before the event followed the prodigy which had fore- shadowed it. 13. There was a certain youth of Byzantium, named Callisthenes. His father and mother were dead; he was rich, but profligate and extravagant. He, hearing that Sostratus had a beautiful daughter, wished, although he had never seen her, to make her his wife, and became her lover by hearsay for such is the lack of self-control in the lewd, that 79 ACHILLES TATIUS &)9 Kai, Tot'i olxtIv et? epcora rpvcfydv koI Tavra 7raa')(6Lv iiiro prj/xdrcou, a rfj 'yjrv^f} rpwOevTe^ 2 SiuKovovaLV 6 arpuTb) TTptv TOP TToXefiov Tot? Jiv^avTLOt Tov j3iov rrjv ciKoXacxiav, iipvijcraro. Ou/uio yap eavTM t?)? iraiSo'i to «aA,Xo9 koI (fiavra^o- fievo^ ra dopara, e\a9e acpoSpa KaKca^ Sia/cei- 3 fX€Vo dfjbvvaadai t?)^ v^peo)^, koI aiiTw tijv i7n6vp,iav TeXeaar vo/xov yap ovto^ liv^avrioi dpTrdaa ydp,ov eyeiv Trjv t.r^p.iav, Trpocrel-xe tovtco tw vopuw. Kol 6 /lev e^rjTei Kaipov 7Tpb Kal T?}9 7ratSo9 et9 '>']P'd p.ev €KaaTa tovtwv ov8ev 8e r]TTOv Tij^i eVt- ^ovXfj '^(^prjcrfiov 'iaxovcnv ol Bv^dvTioi T0L6v8e' N7}cro9 Ti9 TToXi^ ecTTt (jiVT(t)vv/nov alpba Xa')(^ovaa, laOjJLOv opuov Kal iropOpov eV rjireipoLo (pepovaa, ^ The Greek word thus translated might also mean that he escaped the notice of others {^AaOev &\\ov5) rather than ^KaOev eavT6v, "he escaped his own notice," or did it 8o — BOOK II, 13-14 they are led into the passion of love by means of their ears, and report has the same effect upon them as the ministry of the love-smitten eyes, acting upon the mind, has upon others. Before, then, the war broke out in which the Byzantines were engaged, he approached Sostratus, and asked him for his daughter's hand, but Sostratus refused it because he loathed Callisthenes' loose life. This enraged him, not only because he considered himself slighted by Sostratus, but because he actually was in love : for he pictured in his imagination the beauty of the maiden, conceiving inwardly that which he had never seen, and in this manner he fell, before he knew where he was,^ into a very bitter state of mind. The result was that he began to })lot how he might at the same time be revenged upon Sostratus for the injuiy and accomplish his own desires ; and to this end he purposed to have recourse to a law of the Byzantines, to the effect that if a man carried off a virgin and instantly made her his wife, the penalty exacted was simply the fact of the marriage itself: so that he began to look about for an occasion to accomplish his ends. 14. Meanwhile the war broke out and the maiden came to live with us, but his knowledge of these facts did not restrain him from his plotting. He was assisted by tlie following circumstance ; an oracle was current among the Byzantines to this effect : " There is an island city : they who dwell Therein are named from trees. It makes as well unwittingl}'. In the former case the rendering would hii " he secretly worked himself into a very bitter state of mind." ACHILLES TATIUS KeWi dvi-}7ro\iT]v ere <^epeiv KeXofjuac 'RpaKXet} 2 diTOpovvTcov 8e avrchv ri Xeyec to /xdvT6v/ji,a, SoScTT/JaTO? (tov TToXefiou yap, C09 €(})r)v, aTpar't]yb eXK€C -q ei? TTjv eXaiav rjvi^aTO Kal to irvp, a irap' rjixiv aXXr)Xoi<; crvvoLKel. to he x^^P^'Oi' lepov ev irept- /5o\ct)* eXalav puev dvaOdXXec <^ai,hpol ^ This oracle is also found in the Antholo by Cobet : they might easily have dropped out from a copyist looking on from the first e\Kei to the second. BOOK II, 14 An isthmus on the sea, a bay on shore. Where, to Hephaestus' joy, for evermore Consorts with him Athene, grey-eyed maid. There let your rites to Hei'cuk^s be paid." Now they had no idea what the oracle meant ; but Sostratus, who was, as I said,i one of the generals in " the war, spoke as follows : It is time," said he, " to send to Tyre and sacrifice to Hercules : the particulars of the oracle all agree with that spot. The god called it '^ named from trees,' because it is an island belonging to the Phoenicians, and the phoenix-palm is a tree. It is a subject of contention to both land and sea, the sea striving for it in one direction, the land in the other ; but it partakes of both, for it is founded in the sea and is yet not dis- connected with the shore : there is a narrow strip of land which joins it to the mainland, forming a kind of neck to the island.^ Nor is it rooted to the bottom of the sea, but the water flows beneath it, and also beneath the isthnuis, so that it presents the curious spectacle of a city in the sea and an island on land. As for the ex})ression of ' Hephaestus consorting with Athene,' the riddling allusion is to the connection of the olive with fire, which are also found in company in our own country. There is there a sacred piece of ground walled in, where the olive grows witii its gleaming foliage, and there is ' A mistake of the writer : we only know (from I. iii.) that Sostratus lived all his life at Byzantium, anil sent his wife and daughter to Tyre on the outbreak of hostilities. - " I'liny, NcUnrnl History, v. 19 : Then followeth the noble city Tyrus, in old time an Island, lying ahiiost 3 quarters of a mile within the deej)e sea : but now, by the great travaile and devises wrought by Ah.xandfr the (ilreat at the siege thereof, joyned to the firmc ground." 83 ACHILLES TATIUS /cXaooi?, 7re(f}vrevTai Se crvv avrfj to irvp Kcii avaTTTet rrepl tov 'Xpph'y-i KpoveTai, to he irvevpa tov v8aT0<; TrXrJKTpov yiveTai, to pevpca he o)? KtOdpa XaXet. 9 aXXa fcai Xt/.LVi] Ai/BvfO] p.i/.ceiTai yr/v ^]vhifc)]v, ^ Jacobs would replace Tvpios bj' Bv^duTtos. If Tvpios be retained, the words give the reason why Chaerephoii agreed with Sostratus in his interpretation : if we accept the altera- tion, BuCdi^Ttos, they are an explanation why Chaerephon, a full-blooded Byzantine, was an officer of higher rank than Sostratus, who was of a Byzantine mother but a T^'rian father (I. iii.). 84 BOOK II, 14 also fire in the ground which sends uj) a great blaze among the branches, the soot of which manures the trees. 1 This is the affection existing between the fire and the plant, and it may thus be said that Athene flees not from Hephaestus." Chaerephon, who was a fellow-general with Sostratus of superior rank, was a native of Tyre on his father's side, and congratulated him on his interpretation. " You have explained the whole oracle admirably," said he : " but it is not fire only, but water as well, which has properties not unworthy of wonder. I myself have seen some of these miraculous sights : there is, for example, a spring in Sicily which has fire mixed with its waters ; if you look down you can see the flame shooting up from beneath, and yet if you touch the water it is as cold as snow : the fire is not put out by the water, nor is the water heated by the fire, but a truce reigns in the spring between the two elements. Then there is a river in Spain which does not seem at first sight different from any other river ; but if you wish to hear the water talking, open your ears and wait a little : for if a gentle breeze strikes its eddies, the water thrills like a string : the wind acts as a [jlectrum UjX)n the water, and the water sings like a lyre. Again, there is in Libya a lake ^ which may be compared to 1 Volcanic ground suits the olive, as it does the vine. 2 AVas Bishop Heber thinking of some sucli story when he wrote of places " Where Afric'.s sunny fountains Roll down tlieir golden sand" V Perliaps he was referring to the colour of the soil alone. This account seems to be taken, with some modifications, fioiii Herodotus iv. 195, who relates how the maidens of the island of Cyrannis, on the east coast of Africa, obtain gold from a lake by means of feathers smeared with pitch. He had also mentioned (iii. 102) that the sand, or soil, of parts of India is gold-bearing. 85 achillf:s tatius Kal taaatv avTTj^i ro ciTropprjrov at Ai/Svmv irap- devoi, oTi vScop e'X^ec 7r\ovcnov. o he ttAoOto? ravTrj KciTtoOev rera/jiieVTai, rfj tmv vhdrwv l\vi BeSefjepo^- Kal gotlv CKel ')(^pvaov Tnj'yrj. Kovrov ovv et? ro vScop ^aTniKovcn inocrr} Trecpapfiaj- pbevov Kal dvoiyovai rov Trora/xov rd KXeldpa. 10 6 8e KovTO'i 7rp6^ top ')(pv(xov olov tt^o? tov l-^Ovv dyKtaTpov yiveTai, dypevet yap avrov, ?} 8e irCcraa SeXeap yiverai T7J<; dypa Trpocrrjy^aTO jxovov, i) Tricraa Be ec'i Trjv I'lnreipov rjpTTacre ttjv dypav. ovtcix; ex 7roTap,ov Ai,Bvkov ^pvcTO^ dXieveTaiy 15. TaOro. cIttcov tijv Over lav eirl ti-jv Tvpov eire/jLTTe, Kal rfj iroXet, avvhoKovv. a yovv KaWt- a6evi] 2 rjv TToXvTeXrj'i. ttoWtj fxev rj twv Ov/jiia/Jidrwv rrro/uLTT^, iroiKiKr] he i) rwv dvdecov avfjuTrXoKi], ra Ovfxid^aTa, Kaacrla Kal Xi/3avo)T6 TO, dvdrj, vdpKLaao^ Kal poha Kal fivppivaf rj he Tcbv dvOecov dvaiTvorj rrpos ttjv tmv Ovfxia/jbarcov )]pi^ev 6h/x/jv to he TrvevjjLa dva7rep'7rop,evov ea TOV dkpa T't]V 6h/xi]v eKepdvvv, Kal r]v dvep,o 3 rjhovri 86 HOOK II, 14-15 its the soil of India : the Libyan maidens know secret, that its water contains a store of wealth ; this is preserved below as in a treasury, being inter- mingled with the mud of the lake, which is a very spring of gold. So they smear with pitcli the end of a pole and thrust it down beneath the water : thus they open its concealed store-house, the pole being with respect to the gold what the hook is to a fish, for it does the fishing, while the pitch acts as bait ; since all the gold which touches it (and nothing else) sticks to it and thus the pitch draws its capture to the land. That is the manner of the gold fisheries in this Libyan stream." 15. After thus speaking, Chaerephon gave his opinion in favour of sending the sacrifice to be performed at Tyre, and the city also agreed. Callisthenes was successful in getting himself ap- pointed one of the envoys,^ and at once, after arriving at Tyre by sea and finding out where my father lived, laid his snai-es for the women. They had gone out to see the sacrifice, which was indeed a very sumptuous affair : there was a great variety of different kinds of burnt perfumes, and many different frank- nosegays of flowers ; of the former, cinnamon, incense, and saffron ; of the latter, jonquil, rose, flowers comjjeted with and myrtle ; the smell of the the scent of the perfumes, and the breeze as it travelled up into the air mingled the two together, so that it formed a gale of delight. The victims were man}' in number and various in kind : con- spicuous among them were the cattle from the Nile. 1 The dewpui were strictly the quasi-sabred messengers sent by Athens to the Delphic Oracle and the great Hellenic games. But in later Greek the vvord came to be used for any kind of ambassador. 87 ACHILLES TATIUS fieya yacrrepa 7ro\v<;, to icepa'^ ov^ 9 o St/ceXi/t'o? evT€\r] ToaovTov, bcrov at t6)V KepdTCov SieaTciaiv dp')(^ai' Kol TO Oea/xa KUK\ovp,€in]^ a6\7]V)]<; eaTlv el/ccov ' 7} %/30fa. Be olav Ofiijpo^ tov<;^ tov SpuKO'-; iTrTrov; 4 eTraivel. ^aSi^et Se Tavpo^ v'^av')(^evS)v koI wairep eTTiheiKVUfxevo^i otl twv aXkwv ^oSiv icTTi ^aari- \€v jBovv o Zeu? €/jbt/j,')]aaTO. 16. "Etl'^61' ovv rj fjiev ifii] fjii]Tt]p t6t€ p,a\a- KO)^ ey^ovcra' aKr]-^ap,evrj he koX rj AevKiTnrrj vo(jelv, evhov vTrefieive {avveKeiTO yap rj/iiiv et? TavTOV ekOelv, to? dv tcov ttoWmv e^LovTcov), cocTTe avve^T] tijv dSeXcfjTjv tijv e/arjv psTa Tr) 2 KevKLTnTi]^ ixi]Tpo TTjV p,eV AeVKLTTTTTJV OUX e(OpafCCO K.aX\i,yovi]v IBccv ttjv ijxrjv d8e\(p7]v, vopi(Ta T7;i' yvval/ca), 7Tv6opevo<; ovhei', rjv yap eaXcoKO)^ ^ TJie grammar is a little loose, hut not impossible, so that it docs not seem necessary to alter with Hercher into 4y to7s . . . 'introis. BOOK II, T5-T6 For the Egyj^tian ox is especially favoured, both in bulk and in colouring : he is of very great size, with a brawny neck, a broad back, a great belly, horns neither small like those of the Sicilian cattle, nor ugly like those from Cyprus ; but they spring up straight from the forehead, bending outward a little on either side, and their tips are the same distance apart as their roots, giving the appearance of the moon coming to the full : their colour is like that for which Homer so greatly commends the horses of the Thracian.^ The bull paces with neck well lifted up, as though he would shew that he was the king of all other cattle. If the story of Europa be true, Zeus put on the ap})earance of an Egyptian bull. 16. It so happened that at that time my mother - was in delicate health : and Leucippe also pretended that she was ill and remained indoors, for by such means it was arranged by us to contrive to meet, while the others were away : the result of this was my sister went out to the spectacle with Leucippe's mother alone. Callisthenes, who had never set eyes on Leucippe, when he saw m}' sister Calligone, thought that she was Leucippe, because he recog- nized Sostratus' wife ; without asking any questions, ^ 'Prjtros ^affiKivs, Trais 'H'iovyios. rov Stj KaWl(TTuvs "ttttovs Kov T/Sf fxeyl(rTous' XiVKorepQi ;^((Ji'os, deteiv 8' avifioiaiv u^ioloi. (Iliad y.. 435.) King Rhesus, of Kiones tlie sou, Whose horses, very fair and great, did make a goodly show : They faster ran than an}- wind, and whiter were than snow. These lines were also imitated by Virgil in the account of the horses which Orithyia gave to Pilumnus (Aeu. xii. 84) : (Jiii candore nives anteirent^ cursibus auras. - i.e. his step-mother, 89 ACHILLES JATIUS i/c tP]'? dea<;, heiKwaiv evl tmv oIkctmv rrjv icoprjv, 0? 'r]v avTcp irLaroTaTOf;, kcli fceXevet \r]aTa Tr}}] 'O fxev ouv ravra elitwv kuI t)]v Oewpiav d(f)(o- (nco/ji€Po<; dirrjXOe- 17. vavv he €i)(^ev Ihiav, tovto TTpoKaraa Kevdcra'i o'lKoOev el ru'^oi r?;? iiri'x^eipr]- (T€(t}<;. ol pev hrj dWot Oecopol direiTXevaav, avTo*; Be pLiKpov direcrdXeve rr}? Y?}?, ctp^a p,ev 009^ Sokoltj roL<; TToXtrai? eireaOai, dp,a Se 'iva p,r) TrXyjatop T?}9 Tvpov rov a/cd(f)OV 3 Tr)v dpTrayyjv irapeaKevaKei. o Be (^rjv ydp koI a>vX&J9 evpci)(TTo<; to crwpia Koi (^vcrec 7reipaTtK6<;) Ta')(y piev e^evpe \T)aTdpii]^ eKeivrj^ kol BrJTa drreTrXevcrev eiri, rrjv Tvpov. ecxTt Be pbiKpov err'iveiov Tvplcov, vrjalBtov aTre^ov oXlyov TTj'i Tupou ( PoSo7r?;9 avTO Td(f)ov 01 Tvpioi Xeyovaw) ev6a 6 Xep.^a i(f)7JBpeve. 18. Tlpo Be Ti]'i iravriyvpeco^, })v 6 K.aXXia6evr]<;" TrpoaeBoKa, yiveTai Brj t ^ Hereher liere inserts av. It is a question whetlier Achilles Tatius is a sutticiently correct writer thus to make him conform to the strict Attic standard. - The M8S. have koI Trpoo-eSd^a, which cannot stand. 90 BOOK II, 16-18 for he was carried away by the sight of her, he pointed her out to his most trusty servant, bidding him get together a band of robbers to carry lier off, and instructed him how the attempt was to be made : a holiday was near at hand, on which, he had lieard, it was customary for all the maidens of the place to come together on the sea-shore. After giving these instructions, and after perform- ing the sacrifice for Avhich he had formed ])art of the embassy, he retired. 17. He had a vessel of his own—he had made all these preparations at home, in case he should succeed in such an sailed attempt : so when the rest of the envoys off, he weighed anchor and rode a little off the land, waiting in order that he might seem to be accompanying his fellow-citizens on their home- ward journey, and that after the carrying off of the girl his vessel might not be too close to Tyre and so himself be taken in the act. When he had arrived at Sarepta, a Tyrian village on the sea-board, he acquired a small boat and entrusted in it to Zeno ; that was the name of the servant Avhose charge he had placed the abduction—a fellow of a robust body and the nature of a brigand. Zeno picked up with all speed some fishermen from that village who were really pirates as well, and with them sailed away for Tyre : the boat came to anchor, waiting in ambush, in a little creek in a small island not far from Tyre, which the Tyrians call Rhodope's Tomb. 18. However, the omen of the eagle and the soothsayers happened before the holiday for which Callisthenes was waiting, and for the next day we made the prescribed preparations at night for sacri- 91 ACHILLES TATIUS vvKTcop, ft)? Ovao/nevoi tm Oew. Tovtcov Se tov Tji'jVMva ekdvOavev ovhev aXk! iireLS)] Kaipof; tjv /3a6€ia^ eaTrepa^, ?;/zet9 /jiev 7rpo7]\dofjL€v, avTo]fiMV ivl t« ^et-Xei Trj<; daXdaarj^;, 6 /xev to avyKGL/xevov dvereive arjixelov, 6 he \e/j,^o<; e^ai(f)vr)^ irpoae- TrXet, /cat eVel TrXTjaiov eyeveTO, i(j)dv)]crav ev 3 avrcp veaviaKot SeKa. oktm 8e kripov; eirl t)}? 7% gIx^^^ TTpo\o-)(Lo-avre €(f>epov Se eKaaTO'i vtto koXttw ^i<^o 4 rjp.el'i 8e (pojxeda yvvaiKa'i elvai. iireX he avveTi- Oefiev rr]v irvpdv, e^aL T(i)v Be draKTCOf; vtto rrj^ e'A:7rA,?;^e&)9, rd ^i(f)r) jv/j,V(oaavTe'i dpird^ovai ttjv d8e\(f)r}p rrjv ep^i-jv Kol evOejxevoL ra) a/cd(f)€i, e'/x/SafTe? evdv 5 Blktjv dfbtTnavrai. rjp,(ov Be ol fxev e(f)evjov, ovBev ovre elBoTe^ ovre ewpaKore^, ol Be dput re elBov " Kai i^ocov, " Arjaral Is.aWiyovrjp e'X^ovaL' to 3e ttXoIov 7]Brj p,e(Tiiv eirepatve rrjv dd^acraav ft)? Be Tol Be 6fxoy<; virep dBe\(prj<; TrepcTreaovat]'? rotavTr) av/u,(f)ooa, 92 BOOK II, i8 ficino- to the god. Nothing of all this escaped Zeno's notice : when evening was now far advanced, we went forth, and he was following us. Hardly had we arrived at the water's edge, when he hoisted the preconcerted signal ; the boat rapidly sailed toward the shore, and when it had come close, it was apparent that it contained ten youths. They had already secretly posted eight others on land, dressed like women and with their faces closely shaved of all hair ; each was wearing under his gown a sword, and they too carried a sacrifice in order to avoid all suspicion : we thought that they were women. No sooner had we raised our pyre, when they suddenly gave a shout, ran all together upon us, and put out our torches ; and as we fled, all in disorder from the sudden surprise, they drew their swords, seized my sister, put her aboard the boat, quickly embarked themselves, and were off" like a bird. Some of our party were flying, knowing and seeing nothing ; others did see, and cried out, " Calligone has been carried off" by brigands." Their l)oat, however, was already far out at sea. When they began to approach Sarepta, Callisthenes observed their signal from a distance ; he sailed to meet them, put the girl on board his ship, and quickly sailed for the open sea. I felt a great relief at my wedding being thus all unexpectedly made impossible and yet at the same time I was of course nuich distressed at the way this great disaster had befallen my sister. 93 ACHILLES TATIUS 19. ^OXija^ 8e 7)/j,epa (pikrjfiaTcov laTaixeda, (^iXTarri, Kara to, Trpool- fxia; nrpoaOoyp.ev tjSt] tc ical ipani/covJ (fiepe, civdyK^jv dXX7]Xoi 7//ia9 A(f)po8i,Tr] p^varayMjijai], ov fxy Ti 2 Kpe'mcov yevi-jrai Tp] KareTraScov eTreireiKeiv Tr]i> K6pi]v vTrohe^aadai fie vvKTo "]TL 3 avrf]<; ovr(i) e^ov, 8uo fxev eirl Se^id, Suo Se eVl ddrepa' fj,e(TO dvpa 8e eV dp-x^fj rov arevMirov fita iireKeiro. 4 TavT7]v el'xpv rrjv Karaywy'ip' at yvvai/ce^i- koX ra [xev ivSorepo) tmv olKrjfxdrcov i] re TTap6evo Kai 7) p-7]Tr]p avrr] dvrncpv, rd Se e^co 8vo rd tt/jo? T7)V etaoSov, TO fiev 7; KXeiQ) to Kurd rrjv Trapdevov, to Se 5 Tap,i€iov rjv. KaTaKoipii^ovaa 8e del Tr}V Aev- KLTrTTrjv 7] fX7]Tr]p, eKXetev €v8o6ev T7jv eVt tov (TTevcoTTOu dvpav e^fiiOev 8e Ti? €Tepo<; eVe/cXete ^ Hercher suggests fprvriKwrepov, " something more ama- tory," which may perhaps be right. "' After crrevcM>Trns the word 6S6s occurs in the MS8., which must be a gloss. 94 : BOOK II, 19 19. After a few days had elapsed, I said to Leu- " ^ cippe : How long, my dearest, are we to stop at kisses, which are nothing but a prelude ? Let us add to them something with real love in it. Let us fetter one another with an indissoluble bond ; for if but once x\phrodite initiate us into her mysteries, no other god will ever prove stronger than she. " By constantly reiterating my request, I had persuaded the maiden to receive me one night in her chamber, with the connivance of Clio, who was her chamber- maid. This was how her chamber lay : there was a large wing of the liouse divided into four rooms, two on the right and two on the left, separated by a narrow ])assage down the middle ; there was a single door at the beginning of the passage, and this was the entrance the women used. The two inner rooms opposite one another belonged to the maiden and her mother ; as for the two outer rooms nearer the entrance, the one next to Leucippe's was occupied by Clio, and the other was used as the steward's store. Her mother was in the habit, when she put Leucippe to bed, of locking the passage door from the inside, and somebody else would also lock it from the ^ Anthony Hodges, translating Achilles Tatius in 1638, paraphrases the opening words of Clitophon in a pretty l3'ric, which I cannot forbear to quote : " Dunces in love, how long shall we Be poring on our A, B, C ? For such are kisses, which torment Rather than give my soule content Letters from ^^'hicl^ you scarce will prove The wisest schollcr can spell love. What though the lilly of your hand, Or corall lip I may command '! It is })ut like him up to th' chin, " ^Vhose moutli can toucli, but take none in 95 ACHILLES TATIUS ical ra€aOai, rrjv avoi^tv ireipd- ^ rai Kol (jo<; evpe Suvanjv, ttjv KXeico iTreiretKei, T7] Ti eiTLTi^pelv rd TrpaTTo/neva i)/jbiv' fidXicTTa 8e, orrep rjv, v7ro7TTevaa<; fxi] ri vvKrcop r^jxlv 'Trpa')(jdfi, SievvKTepeve p^ey^pi TTOppco tt}? e(X7repa Kol ovTO-i et'Sft)? Tov "^UTvpov Trjv Te.^v7]V, Trpoae- iroteiro pi.ev dvrnrai^eiv koX avro^i, everldei Be rfj 3 TraiSia t/}? yvcofirj^; to daTTOvhov. Xeyei 8r] 7rpo dXX(i)v OrjpLWV BwarciOTepov. ' 'O Be to^oOto?,' ^ The re and kuI originally after K\fia> and before rf/y K-JpTjs lust be removed with Jacobs. '^ MSS. TTJ kSpii, which iSalmasiiis saw to be a gloss. 96 BOOK II, 19-21 outside and pass the keys through the hole ; she used to take and keep them, and in the morning, calling the servant whose business this was, she would pass the keys back again for him to open the door. Satyrus obtained a duplicate set of these kejs and experi- mented with unlocking the door ; finding that this was practicable, he persuaded Clio, with the maiden's consent, to raise no objections to our plan. Such, then, were the arrangements we had made. 20. There v/as one of their servants called Conops —-a meddlesome, talkative, greedy rascal, deserving any bad name you liked to call him. I noticed that he seemed to be watching from a distance all that we were about ; and being particulai-ly suspicious that we were intending (as was indeed the case) to make some attempt by night, he would constantly sit up until very late, leaving open the doors of his room, so that it was a difficult business to escape him. Satyrus, wishing to conciliate him, used often to joke with him, calling him the Conops or his name Gnat, and good-humouredly punned upon ; he saw through the device, and while he pretended to make jokes in return, he shewed in his humour his cross-grained and intractable nature. "Since," said he, "you even mock at my name, allow me to relate to you a fable derived from the gnat. 21. "The lion often used to complain to Prome- theus that he had made him great and handsome, that he had armed his jaw Avith teeth and made his feet strong with claws, and made him stronger ' than all the other beasts : And yd,' lie would say, 97 H ACHILLES TATIUS 2 ecfiacr/ce, ' rbv oXeKTpvova (po/Sovfiai.^ koX o HpofX'r]6ev TO, ixev yap e/xo, iravra e^^et? 60 a TrXaTTeiv rjSvvd/xijv, rj he arj '^v)(^i] 7r/)o? tovto /xovov fxaXaKi^eTat.^ exXaiev ovv eavrov 6 Xecov Kal T^9 SeiXta? KaT€/ji6fi(peT0 koI reXo? dirodaveiv 3 rjdeKev. ovtco Se 'yi'u>/j,t] rv'y')(^dvei Kal 7rpoaayopevaa /j,€vo<;. Kal 6po)v Sid TTavro<; rd una Kivovvra, ' ' Tfc 7rao"%e£9; €(f>r], ' Kal rC StjTrore ovBe fxiKpov 4 drp€fx,€L (Tov TO om; ' koI eXecfya'i, Kara tv^V^ irapanndvTO'i avrro K(ov(OTro oSw, TeOvrjKa.^ Kal 6 Xecov, ' Tt ovv,^ e(f>r], ' diToOvt'iaKeLv €ti fie Sel, toctovtov oina Kat iXecfyavTQf; evTV')(^e(JTepov, oaov KpeiTTcov kmvco- 7ro9 dXeKTpvMv; opa " aTTO K(i)V(07ro<; Kal XeovTo TOV XeovTa' ' Etra ku,j.ov ^acnXeveiv vofXi^ei a)9 Kal TOiv dXXcov drjplcov; dXX^ ovtg e/juov 1 Plin}', Natural History, x. 21 : "Hereupon it is, that marching proudly as they [cocks] do, the very lions (which 98 BOOK II, 2 1-22 ' powerful as I am, I am terrified of a cock.' ^ ' Why ? thus blame me in vain ' said Prometheus, his ' attention thus attracted to the matter : you have everything that I could give you at the moment of creation : your spirit is feeble in this one respect.' The lion wept much at his evil case and cursed his cowardice and at last determined to slay him- self: but while he was in this frame of mind, he happened to meet the elephant, and after hailing him, stopped gossiping with him. He noticed that his ears kept moving the whole time, and asked ' is him : What is the matter with you ? Why it that your ear never keeps still even for a moment ? ' It so chanced that at that instant a gnat was flying about him, and the elephant replied : ' Do you see this tiny little buzzing creature ? If once it were to get into the channel through which I hear, it would be the death of me.' ' Well,' said the lion, 'there is surely no reason for me to die after all, seeing that I am big enough and as much better off than the elephant, as the cock is a nobler ci-eature than the gnat.' You see then hoAV powerful is the gnat, so that even tlie elephant is afraid of him." Satyrus understood the innuendo that lay beneath this story, and, with a slight smile, " Listen," said he, " to a fable of mine as well, taken from the gnat and the lion, which I once heard from a learned man : and I will make you a present of the elephant of your story. 22. " The rascally braggart gnat said one day to the ' lion : I suppose that you think that you are king- over me as over all other beasts ? But you have of all beasts be most courageous) stand in fear and awe of them, and will not abide the sight of them." 99 H 2 ACHILLES TATIUS KaWiwv, ovre dX/ci/jicoTepo^ e(j)v<;, ovre fjbei^cov. 2 iirei rt? a-oi irpoirov iariv oXki'-j; ayu-ucrcret? roZs' ovv^L Koi Sa-KveL^ rol iroiet ixa')(^oixevr) 'yvvij; irolov Se fxeyedo'; rj Ka\Xo<; ae KoafjLet; arepvov irXaru, 6)/iioL 7ra')(^el TToW?] irepl rov av')(^6va /co/jbT], ttjv Karoiriv ovv ala^vvi^v ov")(^ oyoa?; kpoi 8e /xey€Oo<; fxev 6 arjp o\o<;, ocrov p,ov KaraXafx^dvei to inepov, KdWo<; 8e ai row Xei/mcovfov Kofiac at [xev yap el(Tiv oiarrep eo'drJTe'i, a? OTav OeXco nravaai ttjv 3 TTTf/cnv ev8vop.ac. rrjv 8e dvhpelav fiov prj Kal elp,l yeXoiov f/ KaraXeyeiv opyavov yap 6Xo adXTTiy^ Be jxol Kal /QeXo? to aropia' wcttc elpX Kal avXrjrrji; Kal to^otj^?. epauTOV 8e oiaro'i Kal To^ov ylvopar ro^evei, yap p,e ^ 8iaepiov to irrepov, epurecrodv 8e co? diro (BeXovi itolw to Tpavfjia' 8e 7raTa%(9el tS) XeovTL, Kal el e'i Tl ciXXo d.Tpi'X^ov tmv TrpoacoTrcov TrepuiTTd- ^ The MSS. have /xov : ^ue is the ingenious and certain conjecture of Ci'uceius or della Croce, the early Italian translator of Achilles Tatius. BOOK II, 22 not better looks than I, or more courage or even greatness. What, in the first place, is your courage ? You scratch with your claws and bite with your teeth : and so does any woman when she fights. Then what about your size or your looks of which you are so proud.'' You have a broad chest, muscular shoulders and plenty of hair about your neck : but you cannot see what a wretched sight you are from behind.^ My greatness is that of the whole air wliich is traversed by my wings, and my beauty is the flowers of the meadows, which are as it were my garments which I put on when I am tired of flying. I fear it will make you laugh to hear all the catalogue of my valour : I am wholly an instrument of war ; I am ready for the fray at the sound of the trumpet, and my mouth being at once trumpet and weapon I am both bandsman and archer. 1 am at once my own arrow and my own bow ; my wings shoot me through the air, and as I pounce I make a wound like an arrow : the person who is struck suddenly cries out and looks for him who dealt the wound. I am there and not there : at the same moment I retire and advance : I use my wings as cavalry use their hoi'ses to circle round the man I am attacking ; and I laugh at him when I see him dancing with the pain of my wounds. But what need of words ? Let us begin the battle.' So speaking, he fell upon the lion, alighting upon his eyes and flying about all the part of his face that was unprotected by hair, at the same time ^ I dc not feel quite sure of the reason for this taunt — whether the lion was supposed to be parlicularly unsightly in his hiiidci- pirts, quia jnidenda ejasnon satis teyeljat Cauda, or simply tliat the rest of the body, after the tine maned front, seems to be a poor and scraggy thing. ACHILLES TATIUS [jbevo<;, afxa koI r5> /Sofi^ai KaravXcov. 6 8e \ea>v 'qypiaive re koI jji.€Tearp€(j)€To TravTrj koI rov depa Trepiexfta/cev, 6 Se fcoovco-KJr ravrrj irXeov Tr)v 6p fiaTO'i 7) TrXriyr'], 6 8e Maivep TraXaiarr]'^ ro (TM/xa (TKeva^oiv, ea rrjv crvfXTrXoKrjv inreppei twv rov \eovTO 7 eirLviKiov. puKporepov he 7roiovp.evo Tjypeuaev dpd')(^V7]<^ ')(^ir(t)v. ravra cIttcov, "'Tlpa roLvvu^^ €cf)i], " Kal aol ^ ra? dpd')(ya'i ^o^elaOar^ Kol dpa eyeXaae. 23. Kat oXiyw^ htaXiTTMv 7)pepa^, elhco^ avrov yaarpo ft)? he 7) jSeXriarr) yaarijp /carrjvdyfcaae, TreWerat. 2 eirel he rjKe tt/Oo? rov 'h^drvpov, elra hei7rv/]aaapp,dK0v Kara t^9 1 So Cobet rightly for ere of the MSS. X02 BOOK II, 22-23 piping with his drone. The lion began to be furious, jumping round in every direction and making empty bites at the air : then the gnat all the more made sport of his anger, and wounded him actually on the lips. The lion turned towards the direction in which he was hurt, bending over to where he felt the blow of the wound, but the gnat adapted his body like a wrestler, avoided at the encounter the snap of the lion's teeth, and flew clean through the middle of his jaw as it closed, so that his teeth clashed idly against one another. By this time the lion was tired out with fighting vainly against the air with his teeth, and stood quite worn out with his own passion, while the gnat hovered round his mane, chanting a song of of flight in victory : but as he took a wider sweep his unmannerly exultation, he became entangled unawares in the meshes of a spider's web, though the spider was not at all unaware of his arrival. Now ' unable to escape, he began to cry in despair : Fool a paltry that I was : I challenged the lion, while ! " spider's web has caught me ' Thus did Satyrus speak: and, "Now," said he, with a smile, "you had better beware of spiders." 23. After letting a few days pass, he (knowing that Conops was always the slave of his belly) bought a drug of the nature of a strong sleeping-draught, and asked him to dinner. At first he suspected some being trick and hesitated : then, his beloved belly too strong for him, he accepted. He came to Satyrus, and after dinner was just on the point of going away, when Satyrus poured some of the drug 103 ACHILLES TATIUS TeXevTai,a ljLevrj<; fie 7.7? KXe-'oO? d'^o<^7]TL, rpe/xfov Tpopov 4 StirXovv, ')(^apd'i djxa Kal ^6j3ov. 6 fxev jdp tov KLvhvvov (f)6l3o<; iOopv^et. ra*? tj}? 'ipv^y'i iXTTtSa^, 7] Se eA,7r(,9 lov rvy^elv eireKdXvTrrev rjBovf] tol) (f)0^ov' ouT(o Kal TO eXirt^ov e^o^elro /xov /cal exctipe ro Xwrrovfierov. dpri Se p,ov 7rpoae\- 66vTO Toiovro irepl rrjv t>/9 K6prj<^ firjrepa- eTU')(^(i yap 5 oveipo^ avT)]v rapd^a^. cSoKei riva Xj]arr)v /xd^aipav e)(ovra yvfivjjv dyeiv dpiracrd/jLevov avrrji Trjv dvyarepa kcCi KaraOepevov inn'iav, fiia7]v dvaTejjbvetv - rfj p,a')(^aipa ri-jv yaarepa KdreoOev dp^d/x€voi> drro Ti}<; alBov t?";9 OvyaTpo<^ OdXapiov Tpe)(€L, iyyv Svcra- 1) Se eVl tt)^ kXivtiv iraprjv. avvei^ ovv TO KaKov e^dWojjiai Kal 8id twv dvpcov '(efiai SpojUfp, Kal 6 'EdTvpo'i vTroSe-^eTai TpepovTa Kal ^ Gottling's brilliant and certain emendation for Kdvcoxp : an ignorant copyist would inevitably alter it into the familiar name. " Cobet restored the present infinitive for the MSS. aorist avaTefxelv. 104 BOOK II, 23 into his parting glass : he drank it, had just time to ji^et to his own room, and then fell down and lay sleeping a drugged sleej). Then Satyrus hurried to " me and said : Your Cyclops is asleep ; see that you prove yourself a brave Ulysses.^ " He was still speaking when we came to my beloved's door. He left me, and I entered, Clio letting me in on tiptoe, trembling with the double emotion of joy and fear : the tear of the danger we were running troubled the hopes of my heart, while the hope of success dulled with pleasure the fear I had conceived ; hope was afraid and apprehension rejoiced. But hardly had I entered the maiden's chamber, when a strange event befell her mother : she was troubled by a dream in which she saw a robber with a naked sword snatch her daughter from her, throw her down on her back, and then rip lier up the middle of the belly with the blade, beginning from below. Greatly frightened and disturbed, naturally enough, she jumped up and rushed to her daughter's chamber, which was quite close, when 1 had but just lain down : I, hearing the noise of the doors opening, leaped quickly up ; but she was already at the bed-side. Then I understood the mischief, S])rang away, and ran through the door-way, where Satyrus was waiting for me, all trembling and disordered as I 1 A reference to the f.unou.s story in the ninth book of the Odysifoy. 105 ACHILLES TATIUS rerapayfievov. etra e(p€vyo/ji€v 8ia rov ctkotov^ koI €7rt, TO Sco/jbdriov kavTwv i)\6oixev. 24. H ^e TTpoiTOV /u,€V VTTO IXiyjov KareTTeaev, elTu dvevejKOvaa rrjv KXec(o Kara Kopprjs;, 0)9 el^^e, paTTiCeL Kol eTTiXa/Sopievri rcbv rpL'y^Siv, dpa 7rpo<; Ti]V Ovjarepa av(pp.fo^ev, " 'ATTfoXecra? /aou," 2 Xeyovcra, " AevKiTrirri, rd ae Kav ®pa^ viK7Jaa 25. ¥jddppr]aev ovv /; 7rapOevo<;, 0)9 uv ipov Siaire^ev'yoTO'i, Kai Xeyer " Mt) XoiSopti pov, pby]T6p, rr]v Trapdeviav ovSev epyov pot TrevpaKTai, roiovTwv pTjpdrwv d^iov,^ ovSe olSa tovtov oari^ 2 yv, eiT€ haipoyv, etre rjpco^, eiTe XycrTi]';. 6Keip,rjv he 'TTe(f)0J3')]pevrj, prjhe dvaKpayelv hid rov (fyo^ov Bvvapevr]- c^o/3o9 yap yXcorr7]<; earl Secr/i09. ev oiSa povov, ovSeL^ pov r)]v irapOeviav Kdrrja'^vve.^^ 3 Kararreaovaa ovv ?; WdvOeia rrdXiv earevev ^ Inserted by Cobet. 106 : BOOK II, 23-25 was : then we fled through the darkness and came to our own rooms. 24. Panthea first of all fell down in a swoon : when she recovered, she straightway boxed Clio's ears and caught her by the hair, at the same time crying out " to her daughter : Leucippe, you have destroyed all my hopes. Ah, my poor Sostratus, you are fighting at Byzantium to protect other people's marriages, while at Tvre you have already been defeated and another has ravished your daughter's marriage. Woe is me, I.eucippe : I never thought to see your wedding in tliis wise : would that you had remained at Byzan- after the tium ; would that you had suffered violence custom of war ; yes, would even that a conquering Thracian had been your ravisher : a misfortune brought about by force does not carry shame with it. But now, wretched girl, you have lost your fame at the same time as your happiness. Even the visions of the night have beguiled me—tliis is truer than any dream : you have suffered a worse fate than being, as I saw you, ripped up; this is acrueller wound than the cutting of the sword—and I could not see your ravisher, nor do I know how the whole wretched business came about : alas, alas, was he perhaps a " slave } 25. Tliis, showing that I had escaped, gave the maiden fresh courage. " Do not, mother," said she, " thus disparage my virginity ; nothing has happened to justify what you have said, and I know not who was here—god, demigod, or burglar. I was lying stricken witli fright, and I was too nmch afraid, even to cry out : fear is a shackle on the tongue. Only one thing I know, that nobody has offended my virginity." Then Panthea again fell down and wept 107 ACHILLES TATI US rifxel^ 8e iaKoirov/xev, kuO^ eaurov irplv Tj eo)? ykviiTai koX to irav ?; KXeiw ^aaa- vi^o/xevT) Kareirrr). 26. ^o^av ovv ouTooi! el^oixeOa epyov, aKr]\Jrd- fievoi 7Tpo Se XocTTov fxeo-at vvKT€ rjfjbel'i, OTTW? (f)vyoi, Kal irdXiv y)ixS>p rj KXeiOD tl 3 TToietp jxeXXofiev. irapeXOovrei; ovr etaoi twv avpwp, T(p KXeiPia OLrjyovixeOa ra yeyovora Kal ort (fieuyeip SieyPMfca/xev. Xeyei rj KXeico, " Kdyco (TVP vp-cp- rjp yap Trepi/jLeivco Tr]v eco, Odvaro^ /xol TTpoKetrai, tmp ^aadpcov yXvKureoo'i" 27. 'O ovv KXeivla^ t/}? %ei/309 jbiov Xa^6pievo<; ayei t?}? KXetou^ fiUKpap Kal Xeyer " Aokm /j,oi KaXXiari^v yvcaprjv evptjKei au, TavT^iv fxev vne^ay- ayelv, r)p,ds Se 6Xi,ya<; rjfxepa^; iTna-^^lv, kciv out(o 2 SoKJ], (TvaK€vaaafi€Pov olSe TJ/9 Kopr/f; 7) /J''>]T'y]p riva KarekajSev, q)<; vfietf (f)aTe, b re KarafJii^vvaMv ovk ecnai, t7]<{ KXeioO? e'/c fiicrov yevo/xev^'i- rd-^^a 8e Kal rrjv Koprjv 108 BOOK II, 25-27 but Satyvus and I^ when we were alone in our rooms, were considering what we had best do, and we decided that the best course would be to fly before morning came and Clio revealed tlie whole story under torture. 26. This resolved, we set about it at once. We told the porter that we were going out to see my mistress,^ and went to Clinias' house. It was still deep night, and his porter made some difficulty about opening to us ; but Clinias, whose bedroom was upstairs, heard us talking to him and came running down in disorder: and just at that moment we saw Clio behind us, running ; she too had made up her mind to run away. So all together Clinias heard our story from us, and we Clio's, how she had fled, and Clio our next intentions. We all therefore went indoors, related to Clinias all that had hap- pened, and told him that we had made up our mind " to fly. Then said Clio : I am with you too : if I wait until morning, my only resource is death, which I prefer to torture." 27. Then Clinias took me by the hand and led me away from Clio. " I think," said he, " that I have conceived the best idea : namely, to send her away privily, and ourselves remain a few days ; then, if we like, we can ourselves go alter making all necessary preparations. At present, so you tell me, the girl's mother does not even knoAv whom she caught ; and when Clio has once disappeared there will be nobody able to inform her. And perhaps you will be able to persuade the girl to escape witli ^ Not, of course, Leucippe, but some girl of lower station. N'oung (ireeks utid f^omans were almost encouraged in light love-affairs to keep them from the graver offences of meddling with women of their own rank. 109 ACHILLES TATIUS av^c^vyelv Trela-ere" eXeje 8e koI avTO<; on 3 KOivcovos jevt'jaerai T/79 aTroSrj/niai;. ravra eSo^e- Kac rrjv fiev KXetw rwv ocKer&v avrov tlvl irapa- SiScoai, K€\euaa<; ijJL^dXeadaL aKa.(f)€i, ri/u,€i e(TOfievo3V, kui reXo? eSo^ev airoTreipaOrivai Tr) eavrov 28. H ovv Jlavdeia avaaracra irepl Ta t) " €(f)7] Udvdeia, XeiireTjii, Xva koL fxerd pbaprv- pcov 8varvx(t>/j,€v.^^ ravra d/xa Xiyovaa, dve7r7]hr]- crev e^co. 29. 'H 8e AevKbTTTTT] Kad' kavrrjv yevopAvi) Kal roiv rfj'i /jLTjrpb^ ye/xicrOeicra pr]fx,dro)v TTavrohamj Tt9 'qv. ij-^Oero, rja'^vvero, (apyl^ero. rj^Oero fiev 7re(f)(t)pafxevi], jja-x^vvero 8e 6vei8i^ofxev7], wpyl- ^ero 8e aTnarov/jbev^]. ai8co^ 8e Kal Xvirr] Kal 2 opyi) rpia t^9 yjrvxv'i KVfiara' r) fxev yap al8a) 1 10 ; BOOK II, 27-29 you." At the same time he told us that he was prepared to share our flight abroad. This plan commended itself to us : so he handed Clio over to the charge of one of his servants, telling him to put her aboard a ship, while we waited there and dis- cussed the future. Our final decision was to make an attempt to persuade Leucippe, and if she were willing to accompany us in our flight, to act ac- cordingly : if not, to remain at home and put ourselves in the hands of fortune. We reposed ourselves therefore for the small part of the night that was still left, and retux'ned home again about dawn. 28. When Panthea had risen, she began to set about the jjreparations for the torturing of Clio, and bade her be summoned. As Clio could not be found, she again attacked her daughter. " Do you refuse," said she, " to tell how this plot was composed ? Now Clio too has fled." On this Leucippe gained still greater courage, saying, " What more can I tell you f What more valid proof can I bring that I am speaking the truth ? If there be any test of virginity, apply it to me." "Yes," said Panthea, " that was the one thing lacking — that our disgrace should be publicly known to others too." As she said this, she flounced out of the room. 29. Leucipi)e, left alone to ponder on her mother's words, was a {)rey to various differing emotions grief, shame, and anger. She was grieved at having been found out : she was ashamed because of the repi-oaches which had been cast upon her : and she was angry because her mother would not believe her. Shame, grief, and anger may be compared to three billows which dash against the soul : shame enters achillp:s tatius Bia T(bv Ofi/jLCLTcov etapeovcra rrjv tmv ocfyOaXfiMV eXevdepiav Kadaiper rj \vtt')i he Trepl ra arepva Btaveju.o/jL6VTj Karari^Ket t?}? i/ru^?}? to l^oiirvpovv rj Se opyr] TrepiuXaKTOVcra rrjv Kaphiav iiTiKXv^ei 3 rov Xoyiafxov rw Trj<; iiaviav Ik tovtov tov ^6Xov<; Xiitttj yive- Tar TO he 6vei,ho depaireveTar Kal yap Tp, 7re(f)vcr)]p,evai. Tocrovrwv ovv rj AevKiTTTry] yepn,- aQelaa prij-LdTwv, ovk etpepe Trjv Trpoa/SoX/jv." ^ Scaliger's correction for the MSS. Xoioopias. ^ The last sentence of this chapter is rejected by Hercher as the scholion of a copyist. But it does not seem to me entirely alien to the style of our author. ^ I do not feel very sure of the meaning of this passage : it is a rhetorical sententia not very well fitted into its context. The obvious interpretation is that shame is caused by things BOOK II, 29 ^ through the eyes and takes away their freedom ; grief diffuses itself about the breast and tends to extinguish the lively flame of the soul ; while anger, roaring round the heart, overwhelms the reasoning power with its foam of madness. Of all these speech is the begetter : it is like a bow shooting and aiming at its mark and discharging its wounding arrows of various kinds against the soul. One of its arrows is upbraiding, the wound it causes, anger. Another is the conviction of wrong, and the wound caused by it grief. The third is the reproach for error, and the wound inflicted by this is called shame. All these arrows have the same peculiarity ; the wounds they deal are deep, but bloodless, and there is but one remedy for all of them —to return the same arrows against the enemy. Speech is the arrow of the tongue, and the wound it causes can only be cured by another tongue shooting in return : this quiets the anger of the heart and deadens the soul's pain. If the fact that one is dealing with a stronger makes such a return impossible, the wound grows more painful by reason of the silence thus enjoined. For the pains which are the result of these stormy waves of speech, if they cannot cast off their foam, swell within and only become the more severe. Such were the thoughts that surged upon Leucippe's mind, and she was little able to bear their onslaught. seen, and shame may he said to deprive the eyes of tlieir liberty in that it causes the person ashamed to cast his eyes down to the ground ; but it has been staled ordy a sentence above that Leucippe's shame came from tlie reproaches hovelled at her, and this is the sense of tlie continuation of the sentenfid, in which it is stated that the efficient cause of these distressing emotions is speech. ACHILLES TATIUS 30. 'Ey TovT(p Se 6TV')(^ov 7r€/jbylra<; tov ^drvpov TTpo'i TTjv Koprjv cnroTTetpaaoiJievov tj}'? (f)uyr} €(1)7], " 7rpo irXe^apievrj ti]v '^v^tpj p,ov ovrw^ d(f)7](T0).' iyo) 8e ft)9 ravra i]Kovaa, to ttoXv t?}? (jipovrlSo^ direp- piylrdjjiipK 8vo Se rj^epwi 8t,a\i.7r6i're TT]*; TeXevTa'ia^i, r)v tji Ylavdeia Trpo he dvacTTdaa u>'^eTo el<; tov ddXapov ayr?}? Kal 2 ev6v(; cKdOevSev. eZ^e 8e eTepav rj AevKiTr^n] daXafiriTToXov, fjv tS> avT& (pappd/coi KaTajBair- Ttaa? XdTvpo IT a peaK6Vacre, Kal e(p6a(7ev rjp,d'i e'K avTov TvepLpLevwv auro?. eVet he irdvTe^; eKdOevhov, nrrepl irpdoTa yap 6 K-tovco-xfr, oairep i)plv e(f))']hp6ve, KaTa Tvyrjv eKeivrjv direhi'^p.ei t7]v rjp,epav, tj) hecnroivr) hiaK0vr]a6/j(,€V0<;. dvoiyei hrj ra? dvpa ^ diipav —his third victim—is the ingenious emendation of Boden for Qvpav, the third door. 114 BOOK II, 30-31 30. It so happened that just at that moment I sent Satyi'us to lier to see if she were prepared to run away with us. But before she even heard what he had to say, " I implore you/' said she to Satyrus, " in the name of our country gods and all there are in the world, take me away, wherever you like, out of my mother's sight. If you go away and leave me behind, I shall end my life by a noose of my own making." When I heard of her words, I felt that the greater part of my anxiety was gone ; we waited a couple of days, while my father was still away,^ and began to make our preparations for flight. 31. Satyrus still had some of that drug left with which he had put Conops to sleep ; and while he was waiting upon us, he poured some of it unob- served into the last cup which he was bi'inging to Panthea : after rising from the table she went to her chamber and there fell at once asleep. Leucippe had a second chambermaid ; with her, too, ever since she had been placed in tlmt position, Satyrus had pretended to be in love, and he gave lier also a dose of the same mixture ; then he })roceeded to his third victim, the pointer, and success- fully drugged him with a similar draught. A carriage was waiting in readiness for us outside the gates, due to the forethought of Clinias, and he himself got into it and waited there for us. When everybody was asleep, at about the first watch of the night, we went out without a sound, Satyrus leading Leucippe by tlie hand ; fortunately Conops, who was in constant ambusli for us, was away on that particular day on some business for his mistress. Satyrus opened the ^ III Palestine : see V. x. § 3. "5 ACHILLES TATIUS Kai TrporjXOofiev &)? 8e Trap^fjuev eirX raf Tri/Xa?, 5 eirelSriixev rod 6')(^r'j/jiaT0^. rjixev Se ol ttuvts'? e^, r)/jbet]v ttoXiv koI evdv [jivi^cna [xeWov diroXveiv, iJi7]hev ovv €p(t)Ti]aavT€<; irol ir\el, pLeTeaKeva^ofxeOa eirri rrjv OdXaaaav eK T?7 2 T) Kepaia Trepcyyero, to icrTiov KadleTO, rj vav<; aTrecraXeveTO, Td Oeoii^ awTTj- pa<; KaXovvTe 1 The editors have altered these participles into tlie genitive : but a nominathms pendens does not seem an inipossibilit}' in Achilles Tatius. Tl6 BOOK II, 31-32 arrived at doors ; we followed ; and when we had six the gates, we entered the carriage : we were in all — ourselves, Clinias, and two servants of his. We took the road to Sidon ; arriving there when another watch of the night was about spent, we hurried on to Berytus, expecting that we should find some ship at anchor there. Nor were we of disappointed : for as we arrived at the harbour Berytus, we found a ship just sailing, on the very point of casting loose ; so we asked no questions as to her destination, but embarked all our belongings aboard ; it was then a little before dawn. It appeared that she was making the voyage to Alexandria, the great city at the mouth of the Nile. 32. I was at once full of joy, even at my first sight of the ocean, before the boat got out to sea but was still riding in the harbour. When the breeze seemed favourable for putting off', a busy commotion arose throughout the ship—the crew running hither and thither, the helmsman giving his orders, men hauling on the ropes. The yard-arm was pulled round, the sail set, the ship leaped forward, the anchors were pulled in-deck, the harbour was left ; we saw the coast little by little receding from the ship, as though it were itself in movement ; there were songs of joy and much prayer directed to the gods saviours, invoking good omens for a {)rosperous voyage ; meanwhile the wind freshened, the sail bellied, and the ship sped along. H7 ACHILLES TATIUS 33. "Krvx^e he ri 09 enreL /caipo<; yv apiarov, (f)L\o(f)popGvp,6vo 34. Aejei ovv 6 Mei-eXao?- " To /xet- KecjidXacov T% eyu,?79 diTohrjpia'i epcot; ^dcrKavn^ Kal dtjpa SfcTTU 1^7/9. 7]pr,)v p,eipaicLov KaXov- to he p,eipd- Kiov (jiCKoOr^pov rjv. eTvei'x^ov ra TroXKd, /cpareiv OVK r)hvvdp,riv. 0)9 he ovk eireiOov, elirop-qv iirl 2 Ta9 dypa<; Kayd), eOijpcjpiev ovv 'nrirevovTe^ ap(f}M Kab ra TTpwra ijVTvy^ovpuev, rd Xeirrd 3 hicoKovre^i rCov Orjpioyp. i^atcf)vi]'i he crv ^ The MSS. have aAAa^as : ai^as or ava^as were suggested bj' Jacobs, and one of them is almost certainly right. ^ jrapafTK-oviov means literally "bivouacking near us." It was doubtless the custom (as in modern ships in Eastern 118 BOOK II, 33-34 33. There happened to be camping near us ^ on board a young man, who, when breakfast-time ^ arrived, very courteously asked us to take the meal with him. Satyvus was just bringing our victuals ; so that we put all that we had into the common stock, and made a joint meal and also shared the conversation. " I was the first to speak : Where do you come from, young sir, and what are you called?" "^ Menelaus is my name," he replied, " an Egyptian by nationality. " What are yours ? " 1 am Clitophon, this is Clinias, Phoenicians both." "What then is the reason that you are thus leaving your country } " " Tell us your story first, and then we will relate ours to you." 34. Menelaus then began : " The summary of my absence from my native land is an ill-starred love and a hunt with evil event. I loved a fair youth, who was a passionate huntsman. I tried to check him, but my attempts Avere unsuccessful ; as he would not obey me, I used to go with him on his expeditions. One day we were both out hunting on horseback ; at first we were successful, chasing small beasts only. Suddenly a boar sprang from the wood ; the youth gave chase. Then the boar turned and fticed him, charging directly at him. But he would not give ground, though I shouted and yelled, ' Pull in your horse and turn the reins ; the beast is dangerous.' The boar made a spring and charged right at him. They closed with one another, but as I saw it I was waters) for the passengers to bring their bedding and other household effects and make themselves as comfortable as they could ou the deck. '^ &pi(TTov is ddjeiiner, and may be regarded indifferently as breakfast or luncheon. 119 ACHILLES TATIUS \a/jb^dvei KoX ^o^ovixevo copeye fxoi. pucKpov eTi epiirveoiv Kal Trepie/BaXXe kuI d-TToOvriaicwv ovk epiiaet pue tov Trovqpov o vtt' epLOv ir€(j)OV€Vpi,€vo VTToBaKpvovTa P'Vt'jpir] XapiK\eov<;, ^ov\6p.evo<; avTOiJf; T?7? A-wttt/? aTrajdyeiv, epi^dWo) Xoyov ip(OTiKrj<; i^opuevov ^v^ayoiyia'^' Kal yap ouoe 1) AevKLTTTTr] Traprjv, dXX' ev p-v^fp eKdOevBe ri)? 1 In Greek law-suits the defendant was required to state the penalty he thought would be the just reward for his in which Socrates offence : the reader will recall the manner did so at his trial, recorded in Plato's Apologia. BOOK II, 34-35 overcome with fright, and, fearing that the brute would get his blow in first and wound the horse, I poised my javelin without taking sutKciently careful aim, and let i\y. The youth crossed the line and received it full. What do you think that my feelings were then ? If I had any feelings at all, they were like those of a living death. More pitiful still, while he yet faintly breathed he stretched out his hands to me and embraced me ; in his death-throes he that was slaughtered by me did not loathe my accursed self, but he gave up the ghost embracing my murderous hand. His parents dragged me, not at all unwilling, before the tribunal of justice. I made no defence there, and proposed the penalty of death.^ So the jury took pity upon me, and sentenced me to three years' banishment ; this period has now come to an end, and I am returning to my own counti'y." As he spoke, Clinias wept as the Trojan women wept over Patroclus ^ ; he remembered Charicles. " You weep at my woes," said Menelaus ; " " Has some similar adventure exiled you too ? Then Clinias jjroaned bitterly and related to him the story of Charicles and the horse, and I told my tale too. 35. Seeing that Menelaus was greatly dejected at the memory of his sorrows, and that Clinias too was secretly weeping when he recalled Charicles, I was anxious to banish their grief, and embarked upon a discussion which would divert the mind by a love-interest. Leucippe was not present, but was 2 Homer, I/iad, xix. 302. The captive Trojan women were forced to act as mourners for the dead Patrochis ; and they shed real enough tear.s, })ut they were thinking of their own woes rather than of the dead hero, The scene jiassed into a proverb, which is also used by Plutarch. ACHILLES TATIUS 2 VT/o?. Xeyoo 8i] 7rpo9 avrov 4 rj8ov7]v" " Ilw^ 8pi,p,VTepov,'^ €(p')]v, " 6 rt irapa- Kv^lrav p,6vov ol'^erat /cat ou/c airoXavaai, olouxtl ra> (f)tXovvTL, dXX^ eoLKe t& tov TavrdXov 5 TTcop^ari; 'ttoXXuki,'; yap iv oS Triverai 7re(f>evye, Kal djrrjXdev 6 epa(TTr]<; ov)( evpojv 'jrielv to 8e eVt TTLVopLevov dpTTa^eTai irplv ^ o irivwv KOpecrOfj. Kal OVK eanv diro 7rat§09 aTreXdeiv ipaa-Trjv dXvTTov exovTa rrjv t]Bov)]V' KaraXeiTrei. yap en ' SiyjrMVTa. 36. Kal 6 Mev€Xao ^ Cobet wished to insert 6.v after ivph. ^ It is not possible to make sense of the words ro'is aWois which here followed Kai. I omit them with Hercher. 1 Clitophon shewed a very proper spirit in waiting for Leucippe's absence before propounding this duhhio amoro-^o. Anthony Hodges in his translation (1638) omits the whole BOOK II, 35-36 asleep in the ship's hold.^ I remarked to them with a smile, " How much more fortunate than I is Clinias : he was doubtless about to declaim against women, as is his wont, and now he can speak with the greater freedom, because he has found another that shares his ideas in love. I know not how it is that this affection for youths is now so fashionable." '"^ Why," said Menelaus, "is not the one sort much preferable to the other ? Youths have a much simpler nature than women, and their beauty is a keener stimulant to delight." " How keenei'," said I, " considering that it has no sooner blossomed ^ than it is gone, giving the adorer no opportunity of enjoying it ? It is like the draught of Tantalus ; often in the very act of drinking it disappears, and the lover must retire thirsty, and that which is actually being drunk is whisked away before the drinker has had his fill. Never can the lover leave the object of his affection Avith unalloyed delight ; it always leaves him thirsty still." 36. " You know not, Clitophon,'' said Menelaus, " the sum of all pleasure : the unsatisfied is the most desirable of all. The longer a thing lasts, the more likely is it to cloy by satiety ; that which is con- stantly being ravished away from us is ever new and always at its prime—delight cannot grow old and the shorter its time the greater is its intensity passage from here to the end of the book, and della Croce omits some and softens down some of the rest : of the two, I have followed della Croce's example rather than that of Hodges, as the discussion is characteristic, and certainly less gross than the similar example at the end of [pseudo-JLucian's Amorea. - TrapaKv\pav means literally "peeped out." 123 ACHILLES TATIUS 2 eKTeiverat iroOu). kcCi to poSov Sia tovto TOiv aXKoiv evfjiopcporepov iari (pvrcov, on to kciWo^ avTov (pevyei raxv- Suo yap iyco vofxi^oi kut^ avOpcoirovq fcdWr) irXavacrdai, to fiev ovpdviov, TO 8e TT dv^yjfJiov , [wcr7re/> tov KdWov^ oi )(^op^]yol 3 $€al^.^ dWd TO fiep ovpdinov d-^OeTai 6v^]tu) (7K7]vei "^ StSefievov koL ^rjTel Trpo'i ovpavov tu-^u (pevyeiv to Be TrdvSrjfiov eppiiTTat kutw Kai iyXpoi'i^ei irepX tol<; crco/nacriv. el Se Koi TronjTrjv Bel \a^elv fidpTvpa t?}? ovpaina^ tov /cdXXov^ dvoSou, d/covaov 0/u,r]pou \€yovTO Tov KoX dvripe'f^avTO Oeol Ati" olvo)(oeveiv KdX\eo<; etveKa olo, Xv dOavdToicri ixeTeirj. 4 ovSe/jita Be dve^y ttotc et? ovpavov Bia KdWoi? yvvi] (Kal yap yvvai^l KeKOU>(ovi]K€v o Zeu?) aW ^A\KfX}]vr]v fxev e-y^et irevOo^ Kal (f)vy)j- Aavdi]v Be Xdpva^ Kal OdXaaaa' ZefieXr) Be 7rvpopvyo^ ipaaOfj, tov ovpavov avTw BlBaxriv, iva Kal ctwoikj} kui olvo')(^oov e')(r] Tov veKTapc;- i) Be irpoTepov 1 The bracketed \^o^ds can hardly be construed : they are probably the insertion of a scholiast. Whether the words of the bracketed passage be genuine or not, the reference is to the two kinds of love treated of in Plato's Sympo,^imn. ^ Jacobs' emendation for the MSS. /faAAei. ' This argument—and its contrary used by Clitophon in his speech above— is a commonplace of discussions of this kind. Paul Adam paradoxically alleged the opposite : ' ' TJ&phehe offre. une beaut6 plus dnrahle que la vierge ; et cet tspoir de dur€c siiflit seul djnsdfier sa supr^matie." 2 See note on this passage in the Greek text. 124 — BOOK II, 36 increased in desireJ Tliis is why the rose is of all flowers the most beautiful, because its beauty is so fleeting. I hold that there are two different kinds of beauty conversant among men, the one heavenly, the other vulgar [presided over by their respective goddesses ; the heavenly sort chafes at being '^J fettered by its mortal habitation and is ever seeking to hurrj' back again to its heavenly home, while the vulgar kind is diffused on our earth below and stays long in association with human bodies. If one may quote a poet as a witness of the flight of beauty to heaven, listen to Homer, who tells how The gods to be Jove's cup-bearer in heaven him ^ did take. To dwell immortal there with them, all for his beauty's sake. But no woman ever went up to heaven by reason of her beauty—yes, Zeus had dealings with women too but the fate of Alcmene ^ was sorrow and exile, of Danae ^ an ark and the sea, while Semele ^ became food for fire. But if his affections fall upon this Phrygian youth, he takes him to heaven to be with " him and to pour his nectar for him ; and she whose ^ (janymede. Iliad, xx. 234. •* The wife of Amphitryon, in whose semblance Zens visited her and begat Hei'acles. * The daughter of Acrisius, visited by Zeus in the form of a shower of goUl. Iler father in anger put her and her bab}^ (Perseus) into a chest or ark and sent them adrift at sea ; they finally arrived at the island of Seriphus. *' 'J'iie daughter of Cadmus, who foolishly prayed that Zeus might visit her as he visited Hera. He came therefore with tire and liglitning, by which she was destroyed ; but her offspiing was saved, the god Dionj'sus. ' Hebe. 125 ACHILLES TATIUS hicLKOvo^ Trj 37. TrfroXa^MV ovv ijo!), " Kal fxrjv ovpdvLov^^ ecprjv, " eoiKe /xaXXov elvat to tcov KaWo dWa IT dvhrjp,ov . rjpdaOrj p,€LpaKL0v Oyoi'709, dv7]yayev el^ ovpavov tov ^pvya- to Sk KdWo<; TMV yvvaiKMV avTov tov Ata KaTi]yayev e^ ovpavov. 8id yvvalicd ttotc Zeu? epiVKrjcraTo, 8cd yvvaiKd ttots Z,dTvpov oipy^^rjaaTO, Kal ^pvaov 7re7roi')]K6v kavTov dWrj yvvai/ci. olvo^oeLTco fiev ravv/ji7]Srj<;, fxeTa he to)v 6eo)v "]lpa ^ TrtveTo), iva ^XV P'Si'pdKLov SidKovov yvv/]. eXeco Se auTov Kal Tqv dpTrayy-jV opva iir' avTOV KaTe^rj di)/j,r}aTi]^, o Be dvapiraaTO^ yev6/J,evo<; v^pi^eTaL, Kal eocKev ecTTavpwp-eva)' ^ Kal to deap,d eaTLV ata')(^LaTov, ^ Gottling's emendation "H/Stj is most attractive, consider- ing the mention of her at the end of the last chapter : and yet "Hpa may still be right, Hera and Ganymede being- considered as the two rivals for the affections of Zeus : as Ganymede poured out the wine for the heavenly feast, Hera, the queen of the gods, might properly be said to have him as her butler. - A brilliant emendation by Jacobs for the MSS. rvpuv- yov/uLei'w. ^ Europa. cf. Book I. chap. i. ^ Antiope. See Ovid, Metamoryhoses, vi. 110. The whole passage (a continuation of that quoted upon Book I. chap. i. ^fin.) is here instructive : She portraj^'d also there Asterie struggling with an Erne which did awa}' her bear. And over Leda she had made a Swan his wings to splay. She added also how b_y Jove in shape of Satjr gay 126 : — BOOK II, 36-37 was formerly this duty, was deprived of the honour " she, 1 fancy, was a woman. 37. Here I interrupted him. " Woman's beauty," said I, " seems the more heavenly of the two, because it does not rapidly fade ; the incorruptible is not far from the divine, while that which is ever changing and corruptible (in which it resembles our poor mortality) is not heavenly but vulgar. Zeus was fired with a Phrj^gian stripling ; true, and he took his Phrygian up to heaven : but women's beauty actually brought Zeus down from heaven. For a woman Zeus ^ once lowed as a bull ^ ; for a woman he danced the satyr's dance ; for another woman he changed himself into gold. Let Ganymede pour out the wine ; but let Hera drink Avith the gods, so that a woman may have a youth to serve her. I am even sorry for him in the manner of his assumption—a savage bird swooped down upon him, and when he had been seized by it he was placed in an ignominious position, looking like one crucified.^ Can one imagine a viler sight than a youth hanging from a beast's The fair Antiope with a pair of children was besped : And how he took Amphitryo's shape when in Alcniena's bed He gat the worthy Hercules : and how he also came To Danae like a Shower of Gold, to Aegine like a Flame, A Shepherd to Mneniosj'ne, and like a Serpent sly To Proserpine. ^ This is verj' different from Tennyson's beantiful portrait in The Palace of Art Or else flush'd Ganymede, his rosy thigh Half-buried in the Eagle's down, Soh; as a flying star shot through the sky Over the pillar'd town. But pictures also exist in which (ianymede is represented as in the extremity of anguish and terror, such as one ascribed to Rembrandt in the Dresden Gallery. 127 ACHILLES TATIUS 4 jxeipoLKLOV i^ 6pii)((ov Kpefidfievov. 2,€/j,e\'>]v Be ei? ovpavov av)]ya^€v ovk 6pvL Kol ixrj 6av/jiu(Tr} ifKeov e')(^OL fiefivrj/jievo^' elpi^aerat 8e /xoi, Kav 6 fxerpicoi; e')(a) ireipa';. yvvaiKt ^ p-ev ovv vypov p,ev TO awfjua iv rat^ (Tv/xTrXoxal'i, p^aXOaKa oe rd ^et'X.>/ Trpo^ Ttt (f)iX}jp,aTa. KalSid rovro p-ev e')(ei TO ao)p,a ev rot? dyKaKlap,a(Tiv, ev he rals crap^lv oA,ft)9 ivijpp.oap.evov, Kai ttco? eyKeifxevov 7 irepi^dWei rrjv y)hov)]v eyyi^ei he TOL}9 'A(^poStT»;9 uKp,f] olaTpet puev vcf)' ?;Sot')}9, 7repiKe')(^r)ve he cfiLXovcra Kal p^aiveTai' at he yXcoTTai tovtov tov -y^povov (f)0tT(baiv dXXrjXai'i ei9 opaXiav Kal 019 hvvavTai ^ui^ovTat Kaxelvai (p(Xetv' av he p^ei^ova iroLelf ^ These generic terms are throughout the argument in the singuhir, and Hercher seems to be right in here altering the plural yurai^i into the singular yvuntKi. 128 —; BOOK II, 37 talons? But Seniele was c-aught up to heaven not by a savaj^e bird, but by (ire. It is no matter for surjjrise that any should ascend to heaven through fire : that is how Hercules ascended. You laugh at Danae'sark, but you say nothing of Perseus.^ As for Alcniene, this compliment alone is enough for her, that for lier sake Zeus stole away tliree whole courses of the sun.- But it is time to leave mythology and to talk of the delights of reality, though here I am but a novice ; I have only had the society of women to v.liom love is a profession perhajis somebody else who has been more deeply initiated might have more to say ; but I will make an attempt, though my expei'ience has been so small. Mulieribus ergo lubricum corpus in concubitu, mollia labra ad osculationes, quare et in am})lexu bracliiorum suorum et in teneritudine carnium corpus suum praebet, quod et juxta amantem jacens volup- tatem circumfundit : oscula autem tanquam sigilla labris ejus imprimit, artificiose oiim osculatur et de industrla suavius osculum facit. Non labris enim tantum osculatur, sed etiam dentibus convenit et circa OS amantis pascitur et basiis suis mordet ; cujiis et papilla tacta propriam vohiptatem affert. In summo vero Veneris discrimine bacchatur voluptate concitata, inhiat dum basiat, et furit ; coeunt interea inter se linguae et invicem, quoad licet, osculari voiunt : ^ Danae's hero son—a worthy scioi) of Zeus. ^ " Tarn libens cum ea concubuit, ut urium diem u.surparet, (luas noetes congemiiiaret, ita ut Alcumena tam longam noctem admiraretur."-— Hyginua, Fahaluc, 29. 129 ACHILLES TATIUS 9 Tr}v rj8ov7]V, avouycov to. (f)iX)]fMaTa. Trpo'i Se to TepjJLa avTO tT/? "Atj^poStV?;? 7) yvvi] ^a^rj'i, rj Kal ^VKcopuaTcov ^ dv 8e twv ttoXXwv TovT(ov yvp.vd)ari<; 86X(ov, eoiKe koXoim yeyvp^vw- 3 puevo) TMV Tov p,v9ov TTTepcov. TO 8e /caXA.09 TO Trai8iKov ovK dp8eveTai puvpcov 6cr(j)paL^, ov8e 8oXepai ^ The MSS. Kpi^rifidTiav cannot be right : kisses are not a kind of cosmetic or artiiicial means of producing beauty, Jacobs proposed avvrpiixfidTuv, which is too far from the text, 130 BOOK II, 37-3H majoreni autem efficis voluptatem ore ad oscula apevto. Tunc Veneris ad ipsum culmen anhelat propter ardenteni voluptatem^ natura ipsius cogente, mulier ; cujus anhelitus cum amatorio spiritu usque ad labia oris surgens, vaganti oocurrit osculo et intus descendere desideranti ; quod reversum et post anhelitus mixtionem subsequitur et cor vulnerat. Cor vero cum osculo turbatur, subsalit ; et nisi ad ipsum corpus esset religatum, secutum per talia oscula sese in altum ferret. Puerorum contra mininie instructa oscula, carens arte concubitus, tarda Venus ; in iis denique nihil est voluptatis." 38. Tunc Menelaus : "At enim tu mihi videris," inquit, " tiro minime sed inveteratus in rebus \ eneriis esse, quip})e qui tantas mulierum industrias nobis narraveris ; nunc contra et res pueriles audi. Apud mulieres omnia fuco illita sunt, et verba et facta, quarum si qua videtur pulchra, nihil est nisi pigmentorum artificiosa colluvies ; illius pulchritudo aut murrae aut capillorum tinctorum aut fucorum est : quibus dolis mulierem si privas omnibus, similis graculo est pennis, qualiter in fabula, denudato. At pulchritudo puerilis non madet olenti murra neque odoribus fallacibus et sui alienis ; sudor vero puerilis suavius olet quam omnia mulierum unguenta. Necnon multo ante ipsum concubitum licet pueris in gymnasio occurrere, et palam amplecti. and I have, with all diffidence, written (pv'ccvjxdrojv. Knox would prefer (papfaa.Kccy. ACHILLES TATIUS (f)ai'€p(o^^ 'TT6pi')(y9?]vai koI ovk e'X^ovaiv ala')(yvi]V al TTepiTrXoKar koI ov /xaXOdaaet ra^ iv W(f)po- Slt7] T7€pnr\oKa<^ vypoTtjTi aapKwv, dW dvTi- Tvirel 77/909 dXX')]Xa to, aoj/xara Kal irepl ri)^ rjSovf)^ dOXel. ra Se (j)i\/]p,aTa (TO(^iav /jlep OVK e)(eL yo<; oiv tov 'S.axTTpu.Tov jxeitcov, eVet iraTpodev Tjv Tu/ato?/ iK6etd^wv avTov, '* JJdvTa fiev tov y^prjcrp^iv^ ecTrev, " e'^i^yijcro) /caX/w?* /xrj jxevTot dav/xa^e tijv tov Trvpo^ piovov, dXkd koI ttjv tov 7 v8aToi KaTaa/BevvvTat, ovTe TO vS(op VTTO TOV TTvpo^i cf)X6y6Tai, dX)C uSaro? 8 ecaiv ev ttj Kp7jvr) koI nvpo^ airovhai. ^irel koI 7roTap.bi tov vBaT0