Hands Off: the Future of Self-Driving Cars
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S. HRG. 114–416 HANDS OFF: THE FUTURE OF SELF-DRIVING CARS HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION MARCH 15, 2016 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 22–428 PDF WASHINGTON : 2016 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 07:53 Nov 09, 2016 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\DOCS\22428.TXT JACKIE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JOHN THUNE, South Dakota, Chairman ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi BILL NELSON, Florida, Ranking ROY BLUNT, Missouri MARIA CANTWELL, Washington MARCO RUBIO, Florida CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri KELLY AYOTTE, New Hampshire AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota TED CRUZ, Texas RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut DEB FISCHER, Nebraska BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii JERRY MORAN, Kansas EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska CORY BOOKER, New Jersey RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin TOM UDALL, New Mexico DEAN HELLER, Nevada JOE MANCHIN III, West Virginia CORY GARDNER, Colorado GARY PETERS, Michigan STEVE DAINES, Montana NICK ROSSI, Staff Director ADRIAN ARNAKIS, Deputy Staff Director REBECCA SEIDEL, General Counsel JASON VAN BEEK, Deputy General Counsel KIM LIPSKY, Democratic Staff Director CHRIS DAY, Democratic Deputy Staff Director CLINT ODOM, Democratic General Counsel and Policy Director (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 07:53 Nov 09, 2016 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\22428.TXT JACKIE C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on March 15, 2016 ............................................................................ 1 Statement of Senator Thune ................................................................................... 1 Prepared statement of Clyde Terry, Chair, National Council on Disability 4 Prepared statement of John Bozzella, President and CEO, Association of Global Automakers, Inc. ........................................................................... 5 Letter dated February 11, 2016 to Secretary Anthony R. Foxx from Mitch Bainwol, President and CEO, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers; and John Bozzella, President and CEO, Association of Global Auto- makers ........................................................................................................... 9 Statement of Senator Nelson .................................................................................. 3 Statement of Senator Heller ................................................................................... 43 Statement of Senator Booker .................................................................................. 45 Statement of Senator Peters ................................................................................... 46 Statement of Senator Klobuchar ............................................................................ 49 Statement of Senator Daines .................................................................................. 51 Statement of Senator Gardner ............................................................................... 54 Statement of Senator Markey ................................................................................. 56 Statement of Senator Blumenthal .......................................................................... 58 WITNESSES Dr. Chris Urmson, Director, Self-Driving Cars, Google X .................................... 10 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 12 Michael F. Ableson, Vice President, Strategy and Global Portfolio Planning, General Motors Company .................................................................................... 15 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 16 Glen W. De Vos, Vice President, Global Engineering and Services, Delphi Automotive ............................................................................................................ 17 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 19 Joseph Okpaku, Vice President, Government Relations, Lyft ............................. 24 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 26 Dr. Mary (‘‘Missy’’) Louise Cummings, Director, Humans and Autonomy Lab- oratory; Director, Duke Robotics; Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science; Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University ............................................................................................................. 27 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 29 APPENDIX Letter dated March 22, 2016 to Hon. John Thune and Hon. Bill Nelson from Paula S. Davis, Vice President, Corporate Affairs and Communica- tions, HARMAN ................................................................................................... 65 Letter dated March 22, 2016 to Hon. John Thune and Hon. Bill Nelson from Parnell Diggs, Esq., Director of Government Affairs, National Federa- tion of the Blind ................................................................................................... 66 Statement from Securing America’s Future Energy (SAFE) ............................... 66 Response to written questions submitted to Dr. Chris Urmson by: Hon. John Thune .............................................................................................. 68 Hon. Steve Daines ............................................................................................ 70 Hon. Bill Nelson ............................................................................................... 71 Hon. Edward Markey ....................................................................................... 72 Hon. Gary Peters .............................................................................................. 72 Response to written questions submitted to Michael F. Ableson by: Hon. Bill Nelson ............................................................................................... 73 Hon. Gary Peters .............................................................................................. 75 (III) VerDate Nov 24 2008 07:53 Nov 09, 2016 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\22428.TXT JACKIE IV Page Response to written questions submitted to Glen W. De Vos by: Hon. John Thune .............................................................................................. 77 Hon. Bill Nelson ............................................................................................... 79 Hon. Gary Peters .............................................................................................. 81 Response to written questions submitted to Joseph Okpaku by: Hon. John Thune .............................................................................................. 82 Hon. Dean Heller .............................................................................................. 83 Hon. Steve Daines ............................................................................................ 84 Hon. Bill Nelson ............................................................................................... 84 Hon. Gary Peters .............................................................................................. 85 Response to written question submitted by Hon. Bill Nelson to: Dr. Mary Cummings ......................................................................................... 86 VerDate Nov 24 2008 07:53 Nov 09, 2016 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\22428.TXT JACKIE HANDS OFF: THE FUTURE OF SELF-DRIVING CARS TUESDAY, MARCH 15, 2016 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, Washington, DC. The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:34 p.m. in room SR–253, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. John Thune, Chair- man of the Committee, presiding. Present: Senators Thune [presiding], Wicker, Ayotte, Heller, Fischer, Gardner, Daines, Nelson, McCaskill, Klobuchar, Blumenthal, Markey, Booker, Manchin, and Peters. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN THUNE, U.S. SENATOR FROM SOUTH DAKOTA The CHAIRMAN. Good afternoon, everyone. I want to thank every- body for coming today as we discuss automated vehicles and the boundless opportunities that these technologies offer. Americans love their cars. Since the automobile first rolled off the assembly line in River Rouge, Michigan, cars in America have offered independence, mobility, and adventure. Now, profound changes are coming to our roads. Technological advancements are progressing at a rapid pace and fully self-driving cars will be here sooner than we think. We are facing an opportunity to expand the options for transpor- tation by car while also making it smarter and safer. Yet, techno- logical challenges remain, and people will need to become com- fortable with the idea of being passengers in their own cars. We all like that feeling of control when we hold the steering wheel. But perhaps the greatest hurdle to the deployment of these vehi- cles may be a regulatory