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Revision of the Genus Tityopsis Armas, 1974 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

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Revision of the Genus Tityopsis Armas, 1974 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) Revision of the genus Tityopsis Armas, 1974 (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Part 1. General updates and description of four new species Rolando Teruel & Tomás M. Rodríguez-Cabrera March 2020 — No. 304 Euscorpius Occasional Publications in Scorpiology EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, ‘[email protected]’ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, ‘[email protected]’ TECHNICAL EDITOR: František Kovařík, ‘[email protected]’ Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of scorpion science (scorpiology).Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome. Derivatio Nominis The name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae). Euscorpius is located at: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/ Archive of issues 1-270 see also at: http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/Euscorpius (Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-2510, USA) ICZN COMPLIANCE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS: Electronic (“e-only”) publications are fully compliant with ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts) when properly archived and registered. All Euscorpius issues starting from No. 156 (2013) are archived in two electronic archives: • Biotaxa, http://biotaxa.org/Euscorpius (ICZN-approved and ZooBank-enabled) • Marshall Digital Scholar, http://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/. (This website also archives all Euscorpius issues previously published on CD-ROMs.) Between 2000 and 2013, ICZN did not accept online texts as “published work” (Article 9.8). At this time, Euscorpius was produced in two identical versions: online (ISSN 1536-9307) and CD-ROM (ISSN 1536-9293) (laser disk) in archive-quality, read-only format. Both versions had the identical date of publication, as well as identical page and figure numbers. Only copies distributed on a CD-ROM from Euscorpius in 2001-2012 represent published work in compliance with the ICZN, i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts. In September 2012, ICZN Article 8. What constitutes published work, has been amended and allowed for electronic publications, disallowing publication on optical discs. From January 2013, Euscorpius discontinued CD-ROM production; only online electronic version (ISSN 1536-9307) is published. For further details on the new ICZN amendment, see http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3944/. Publication date: 16 March 2020 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AC17B8E0-177D-48CD-8F24-878214033EAE Euscorpius - Occasional Publications in Scorpiology. 2020, No. 304 Revision of the genus Tityopsis Armas, 1974 (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Part 1. General updates and description of four new species Rolando Teruel 1, 2 & Tomás M. Rodríguez-Cabrera 3 1 Grupo de Sistemática y Ecología de Artrópodos Caribeños. Calle 200 # 3759, e/ 37 y 45, Reparto Versalles; La Lisa; La Habana 13500. CUBA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática (Subdirección de Colecciones Zoológicas), Carretera de Varona # 11835, e/ Oriente y Lindero, Reparto Calabazar, Boyeros, La Habana 11900, CUBA. 3 Sociedad Cubana de Zoología, CUBA. E-mail: [email protected] http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AC17B8E0-177D-48CD-8F24-878214033EAE Summary The buthid scorpion genus Tityopsis Armas, 1974, endemic to western Cuba, is herein revised. In total, 428 specimens were examined from 127 localities, including the primary types of the two species currently recognized as valid; this led to realize that several populations actually represent taxa new to science. Four of them are described in the present paper: a presumed troglobite and three others from epigean habitats. A thorough photographic complement and data on natural history are given for each species and for the genus in general, for which known geographical distribution is verified and updated. With this contribution, the scorpion fauna of Cuba reaches now 61 species, with 56 of them (92%) being endemic to this Caribbean archipelago. Introduction Armas (1973) gave measurements of one syntype of T. inexpectatus, but wrongly regarded it as a holotype. Armas history of the genus (1974) revised the status of the species and introduced In the first complete revision of the Cuban scorpion fauna, important changes: it was assigned to a new subgenus published almost 80 years ago and currently a classic Tityopsis Armas, 1974, its geographical distribution was reference for Cuban scorpiology, Moreno (1940a) described a updated (including the first records from Matanzas Province), very peculiar buthid scorpion he deemed the first record of the a new subspecies Tityus (Tityopsis) inexpectatus inaequalis genus Tityus C. L. Koch, 1836 from Cuba: Tityus inexpectatus Armas, 1974 was described to accommodate all populations Moreno, 1940. The description was thorough and satisfactorily from Pinar del Río Province, and some information on the complemented with one black and white habitus photograph taxonomy, natural history and biogeography of the genus were and several fine drawings. It was based upon three syntypes given. Unfortunately, the paper by Armas (1974) contains of unspecified sex, declared as two adults and a juvenile serious errors: the same specimen of Armas (1973) was still (Moreno, 1940a: 163–164). All were collected by himself in assumed to be the holotype and incorrectly classified as a Playa de Baracoa, a coastal village located some 15 km west subadult, moreover, the recognition of sexes and maturity of Havana City (then in La Habana Province, but transferred instars was mostly wrong, i.e., adult females were mistaken to Artemisa Province with the political-administrative division as adult males, which were in turn regarded as subadults (we introduced in 2010). personally verified this by direct examination of the same Mello-Leitão (1945) placed T. inexpectatus in his artificial voucher specimens). “Group D” of the genus, together with other South American Armas (1980) gave some supplementary information on species, which even then clearly appeared not closely-related: the biology of both subspecies, including habitat, microhabitat Tityus melanostictus Pocock, 1893 (now in its own species- and cataleptic behavior as a potential strategy to escape from group) and Tityus amazonicus Giltay, 1928 (currently a junior predators. In the same paper, the two “adult males” previously synonym of Tityus obscurus (Gervais, 1843), which is currently described by himself (Armas, 1974) were both demonstrated placed in the subgenus Tityus (Atreus) Lourenço, 2006). Later, to be adult females instead, but still the actual adult males Jaume (1954) published a brief updated catalogue of the remained unrecognized and by derivation, he wrongly Cuban scorpion fauna and recorded T. inexpectatus from three deemed T. inexpectatus “apparently parthenogenetic” (Armas, new localities in Pinar del Río and La Habana Provinces (one 1980: 22). Simultaneously, Cruz & Armas (1980) recorded of them now also in Artemisa). the presence of a specially modified sensory macrosetae on 2 Euscorpius - 2020, No. 304 Figure 1. Western Cuba, showing the updated geographical distribution of the genus Tityopsis: a) Previous locality records from literature (red symbols); b) Same “a” map, with new locality records obtained during the present study added (yellow symbols); c) Same “a” map, with locality records personally confirmed during the present study added (white symbols). Image frame size = 500 x 250 km. Teruel & Rodríguez-Cabrera: Tityopsis Armas, 1974. Part 1 3 Figure 2. Western Cuba, showing the complete geographical distribution of the genus Tityopsis (white symbols) and overlaid, that of the four species of Tityopsis treated herein (red symbols, complemented with habitus of their holotypes): T. mulata sp. n. (star), T. canizaresorum sp. n. (rhombs, the southernmost is the type locality), T. pumila sp. n. (triangle) and T. sheylae sp. n. (square). Image frame size, 500 x 250 km. pedipalp fingers in T. inexpectatus, which they called “digital catalogs: two worldwide (Kovařík, 1998; Fet & Lowe, macrochaetae”. 2000) and one of the primary types housed at IES collection Armas (1982) briefly introduced the first discussion on (Armas, 2006). However, within the same timeframe, the biogeography of Tityus (Tityopsis). Two years later, Armas Armas (2001, 2005) applied back the subspecies-level (1984a) raised Tityopsis to genus level, presented further combination T. inexpectata inaequalis, but no explanatory taxonomic and biogeographical considerations, recorded arguments were presented to validate such nomenclatural some new localities and finally made a correct recognition of act. the adult males of both subspecies. Almost simultaneously, Within the same period, Armas (2003) recorded an Armas (1984b) correctly designated as lectotype the same enigmatic egg-like organism attached to the external body specimen assumed previously by himself as holotype (Armas, surface and setae of T. inexpectata.
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