THE DIAPASON NOVEMBER, 2006
St. Maria Goretti Parish Scottsdale, Arizona Cover feature on page 31
one) might remaster some of the record- digitizing many of these remarkable ings, which must still be on tape in the recordings at least for cyber-sale in MP3 THE DIAPASON vaults, for release as CDs? It would be format, if not as CDs? We must all send A Scranton Gillette Publication marvelous to hear these again, in modern our wish lists to without Established in 1909 ISSN 0012-2378 made in his pre-Flentrop era, particularly delay! at Symphony Hall in Boston, were really Anton Warde An International Monthly Devoted to the Organ, transforming experiences for many of us. Cape Elizabeth, Maine the Harpsichord, the Carillon and Church Music I particularly recall the disc that con- tained the Poulenc Concerto on one side Salem’s large Tannenberg organ and Franck’s Pièce Héroïque and Prélude, restored Fugue and Variation on the other. After reading the review by John CONTENTS Editor & Publisher JEROME BUTERA [email protected] Thanks again for this fascinating, Speller of Peter Sykes’ CD of the 1800 847/391-1045 informative and well-written series. David Tannenberg organ in Old Salem FEATURES Gordon Hale in the September, 2006 issue, I thought I Mozart and the Harpsichord: Bellevue, Washington would make a few comments. First, I do An Alternate Ending for Fantasia in D minor, K. 397 not find the voicing of the 1800 Tannen- by Larry Palmer 20 Associate Editor JOYCE ROBINSON [email protected] The author replies berg at Old Salem all that different from The Sewanee Church Music Conference 2006 847/391-1044 I am happy to learn that so many read- some of the other Tannenberg organs; by Mary Fisher Landrum 21 ers have enjoyed my all too modest cen- particularly the 1791 organ in Zion tennial tribute to EPB, especially since it Lutheran Church in Spring City (after its Hybrid Composition: Contributing Editors LARRY PALMER was also great fun to research and write. 1998 restoration). It is not entirely fair to An Introduction to the Age of Atonality in Nigeria Harpsichord by Godwin Sadoh 22 Yes, many of us would welcome compare the voicing of a 13-stop two- (eagerly purchase again today!) digital manual with three large bellows in a fair- The Organ Historical Society Fiftieth Anniver- JAMES McCRAY remasterings of several more of those 90 ly large room with a 4-stop one-manual sary Convention, June 25–30, 2006 Choral Music stereophonic Biggs albums (that figure with one small bellows in a very small by Frank G. Rippl 26 is no misprint) released by Columbia room. Also, Tannenberg would have LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 3 BRIAN SWAGER Masterworks between 1958 and 1976, realized that his instrument for the Carillon the music from only about two dozen of Home Moravian Church would have to NEWS which has found re-release by Sony fill a large space and thus would have Here & There 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 HERBERT L. HUESTIS Classics in digital format, often made the necessary adjustments in the Appointments 6 OrganNet Report “obscured” within broad compilations of finishing of the pipes. One must also take Nunc Dimittis 10 Osiris Organ Archive other music. into account that the pipes of the 1800 In the wind . . . www.mdi.ca/hhuestis/osiris The original advantage of Biggs’s Old Salem Tannenberg have been by John Bishop 13 e-mail: [email protected] association with Columbia Records, the altered as part of at least two rebuilds giant company that could market album while the pipes of the 1793 Tannenberg REVIEWS Prepress Operations DAN SOLTIS after album of his so effectively—with in Lititz have not been as radically Music for Voices and Organ 14 the wonderful side effect for the rest of changed. Book Reviews 15 THE DIAPASON (ISSN 0012-2378) is published monthly by us of raising to a now long-lost height Mr. Speller also makes a reference to New Recordings 16 Scranton Gillette Communications, Inc., 3030 W. Salt the public profile of the pipe organ— the “painfully slow speech” in the princi- New Organ Music 19 Creek Lane, Suite 201, Arlington Heights, IL 60005. Phone has ironically become a great disadvan- pal and flute stops of the Old Salem New Handbell Music 19 847/391-1045. Fax (847) 390-0408. Telex: 206041 MSG RLY Email: [email protected] web: TheDiapason.com tage for both him and us. Today, most of organ. I did not find this to be the case Subscriptions: 1 yr. $35; 2 yr. $50; 3 yr. $65 (United EPB’s vast production lies trapped in when I played a recital there in June of NEW ORGANS 32 States and U.S. Possessions). Foreign subscriptions: the vaults of Sony Classics, which, as a 2006. Yes, the speech is slow in compar- CALENDAR 33 1 yr. $45; 2 yr. $60; 3 yr. $80. Single copies $6 (U.S.A.); $8 (foreign). mass-marketer, understandably “cher- ison to other instruments such as those ORGAN RECITALS 36 Back issues over one year old are available only from ry-picks” from its dormant orchard only by Gottfried Silbermann, for example, The Organ Historical Society, Inc., P.O. Box 26811, Rich- CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 37 what it thinks will bring profit. but I would not describe it as painfully mond, VA 23261, which can supply information on avail- A smaller, more specialized company slow. I do think, however, that part of the abilities and prices. Periodical postage paid at Rockford, IL and additional might long ago have reissued (for lively equation is that many organists today Cover: Hupalo & Repasky Pipe Organs, LLC, mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes distribution via the OHS catalogue!) have become accustomed to playing with San Leandro, California; St. Maria Goretti to THE DIAPASON, 3030 W. Salt Creek Lane, Suite 201, treasures like Biggs’s Sweelinck, “Varia- a very quick attack and release and this is Parish, Scottsdale, Arizona 31 Arlington Heights, IL 60005. Routine items for publication must be received six tions on Popular Songs” played with not the best approach when playing this weeks in advance of the month of issue. For advertising warmth and lyricism on the Harvard instrument. Over the years, I have found www.TheDiapason.com copy, the closing date is the 1st. Prospective contributors Flentrop (1962); Soler, “Six Concertos the music of Johann Pachelbel to be a of articles should request a style sheet. Unsolicited for Two Organs,” played in sparkling perfect match to the way Tannenberg’s reviews cannot be accepted. This journal is indexed in the The Music Index, annotat- duet with Daniel Pinkham at Harvard pipes speak. Pachelbel’s music is won- ed in Music Article Guide, and abstracted in RILM (1961); Hindemith, “Three Sonatas for derfully sweet and lyrical and one learns Send subscriptions, inquiries, and Abstracts. Organ,” played to astringent perfection to take time in playing this music so that address changes to THE DIAPASON, Copyright ©2006. PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. in the same space (1961); J. G. Walther, it speaks with the necessary sweetness 3030 W. Salt Creek Lane, Suite 201, THE DIAPASON accepts no responsibility or liability for “Six Concertos after Italian Masters,” and refinement. I played four works by Arlington Heights, IL 60005. the validity of information supplied by contributors, ven- played with velvety elegance on the Pachelbel at Old Salem, including the dors, advertisers or advertising agencies. great Gottfried Silbermann instrument fast-moving Toccata in F, and they all in Freiberg Cathedral, Saxony (1972)— sounded splendid. No portion of the contents of this issue may be reproduced in any form without the specific written permission of the Editor, except that libraries are authorized to make photocopies of the material contained herein for the pur- not to mention the instructive contrast Mr. Speller also mentions that this pose of course reserve reading at the rate of one copy for every fifteen students. Such copies may be reused for of the same pieces played in a studio on organ seems “rather forthright in its voic- other courses or for the same course offered subsequently. the pedal harpsichord (1974); and a leg- ing” compared with the more lieblich endary favorite of many, that “Festival organs Tannenberg built for the Mora- of French Organ Music” (1962) realized vian churches. Again, I have not with such unlikely success on the big observed that Tannenberg voiced his Möller at St. George’s Church in New larger Moravian organs any differently Letters to the Editor York City. than he did with the comparably sized The list could go on and on, to organs he built for the Lutheran and include the various “Historic Organs of German Reformed churches. The choice Biggs in Mozart Country mantled and removed in the effort to . . .” and of course Biggs’s droll but of stops was different but not the actual Anton Warde’s excellent series on the salvage the hall’s acoustics. compelling hour-long “lecture,” com- speech of the pipes in these organs. Biggs European recordings brought Peter K. Smith plete with some 110 sonic examples, If one has a chance to visit this mar- back a lot of memories for many of us Johnstown, New York “The Organ in Sight and Sound,” the velous instrument, one will be immedi- who grew up with those wonderful discs Columbia Masterworks release that he ately struck by the beauty of the sound in the 1950s and 1960s. I have been able Thank you for Anton Warde’s won- jokingly called his “talking dog record” and the way the old repertoire sounds. to find only a few reissues on CD, and derful series of articles about E. Power (two versions: 1958 and 1969). Philip T. D. Cooper one hopes that they might one day Biggs (THE DIAPASON: July, August, Sep- Might there not be profit for Sony in Woodland, California become available to a new generation of tember, October). Biggs’s recordings, listeners. and later his lectures and articles, intro- I remember meeting the author at an duced me to the glories of music played AIO convention in 1975 in Albany, New on the kind of instruments for which it Here & There York, at which E. Power Biggs was the was written, and leave me still convinced featured speaker. In his address, Biggs that North German style of organs are railed against the proliferation of elec- the most suitable for works of Austro- The Church of the Advent, Boston, ALTA Wind Trio; February 17, Cool Cat tronic instruments (expressing regret German composers of the baroque and has announced its fall music series: Jazz & Mardi Gras Party; March 9, for his recording of Barber’s Toccata classic periods. As I write this I’m lis- November 2, Lôbo, Missa pro defunctis Joseph Gramley, multi-percussionist; Festiva on an electronic) and urged tening (again!) to EPB play Bach on the octo vocum and Audivi vocem de coelo; April 15, The Artists Collective; May 5, members of the AGO not to agree to Busch-Reisinger Flentrop (Bach: Great December 3, Richard Webster, followed ALTA Wind Trio. Bert Landman is play on them! He also bemoaned the Organ Favorites, CBS MK 42644), but by Advent Lesson & Carols; December director of music ministry. For informa- lack of pipe organs in many major of course I bought all his recordings as 31, Festival of Nine Lessons & Carols. tion: 860/527-8133; American concert halls, especially in each LP was released, including the For information: 617/523-2377; . Manhattan, and derided the manage- recordings that are discussed in Dr. . ment of Carnegie Hall for declining the Warde’s fascinating articles. St. Peter’s Episcopal Church, gift of a magnificent instrument that had You are doing a real service in reveal- Trinity Episcopal Church, Hart- Morristown, New Jersey, continues its already been constructed for that space. ing Biggs as the personable, humorous, ford, Connecticut, has announced its music series: November 5, New Jersey The only time I ever witnessed a multifaceted person he was. His stage 2006–2007 schedule of Choral Even- Masterworks Chorus; 11/12, Daniel Sul- Biggs performance was, ironically, a demeanor could be a bit austere, but I song: November 5, December 3, January livan; December 3, Advent carol ser- dedicatory recital on the Aeolian-Skin- had the privilege of hearing him speak 7, February 4, March 4, April 1, May 6, vice; 12/17, Christmas Lessons & Car- ner installed in Philharmonic Hall (now and conversing with him enough to real- and June 3. The Music & Arts season ols. For information: 973/538-0555; Avery Fisher Hall) at Lincoln Center in ize that he was a warm, wonderful man. includes December 15, Salvation Army . 1962. That superb instrument was dis- Is there a possibility that Sony (or any- Band Holiday Concert; January 28, ®
NOVEMBER, 2006 3 Peachtree Road United especially for this concert was pre- its December music events. Organ sing- Methodist Church, Atlanta, Georgia, miered. Entitled A Baker’s Dozen of alongs will be held daily, December continues its music series: November 5, Laughs, the work consists of 13 short 1–23 and 30–31, at 1:30, 2:30, 3:30, and Evensong; 11/12, Atlanta Youth Choir; movements with some for each individ- 4:30 pm (and also at 7 and 8 pm Decem- enius, 11/19, Atlanta Baroque Orchestra; ual choir and some to be performed ber 24–29), with organists Marc in art, consists December 10, Christmas concert; 12/15 jointly. Cheban, Justin Hartz, Don Kinnier and & 16, Atlanta Boy Choir. For informa- On November 19 at St. John’s Rudolph Lucente performing Christ- G in knowing tion: 404/266-2373; . Lutheran Church, Fort Collins, Lau- mas carols on a digital organ provided damus Chamber Chorale will present a by the Allen Organ Company of The Church of St. Louis, King of concert of Advent and Christmas music Macungie, Pennsylvania. Daily choral how far we France, St. Paul, Minnesota, continues for choir and orchestra. In addition to concerts will also be held at 7 and 8 pm its series of organ recitals on Tuesdays Vivaldi’s Magnificat in G Minor, they (December 1–23), featuring local vocal at 12:35 pm: November 7, Mark Kieffer; will perform works by Kraehenbuehl, and handbell choirs. For information: may go too far. 11/14, Michael Barone; 11/21, Ryan Joubert, and others. For information: 610/388-1000; Jean Cocteau Hulshizer; 11/28, Laura Edman; . . December 5, Jason Alden; 12/12, Ralph Johansen. For information: The Cathedral of the Madeleine, St. Clement Church, Chicago, will . Salt Lake City, continues its 2006–07 present the complete Handel Messiah concert series: November 19, St. Cecilia’s on December 2 (7:30 pm) and 3 (3:30 Rockefeller Chapel, The University Day concert, performance tour concert pm), under the direction of Randall of Chicago, continues its music series: from Florence, Assisi and Rome; Decem- Swanson, director of music and princi- November 10, Schola Antiqua of Chica- ber 18, 19, 24, Christmas carol service. pal organist of the church. For informa- go; 11/12, Thomas Weisflog with Millar For information: 801/994-4662; tion: 773/348-6257; Brass Ensemble; 11/17, Trio Mediaeval; . . 3101 Twentieth Street December 1, Handel, Messiah; 12/3, San Francisco, CA 94110 Advent Vespers; 12/17, Jim Fackenthal, Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Christ Church, New Brunswick, carillon. For information: 773/702-2100; Angeles, has announced its 2006–07 New Jersey, will present Handel’s Mes- (415) MIssion 7–5132 . organ recital series on the Glatter- siah on December 3 at 7:30 pm. Götz/Rosales organ: November 26, Jane Advent Lessons & Carols takes place Dedicated to Expanding The Franciscan Monastery, Wash- Parker-Smith; February 11, László Fas- on December 17 (6 pm). For informa- the Tonal Color ington, DC, presents a series of organ sang; March 18, Paul Jacobs; and May tion: 732/545-6262; recitals on Saturdays at noon: Novem- 20, Simon Preston. A special non-sub- . and Dynamic Range ber 11, Peter Latona; 11/25, Marvin scription Halloween concert on October of the Pipe Organ Mills; December 9, David Lang; 12/23, 31 featured Clark Wilson accompanying The Cathedral Church of the Ronald Stolk. For information: the silent film Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde. Advent, Birmingham, Alabama, contin- . For information: 323/850-2000; ues its music series: December 3, . Advent Lessons & Carols; 12/15, Sur- The Lutheran School of Theology sum Corda vocal ensemble. For infor- at Chicago has announced its Chicago Longwood Gardens, Kennett mation: 205/226-3505; “It is almost impossible to put into words Chapel Music Series: November 11, Square, Pennsylvania, has announced . the beauty and awesomeness of Sunday’s Daniel Schwandt leads a hymn festival organ dedication [at First Presbyterian to conclude an all-day workshop intro- Church] in Ann Arbor. The organ did ducing Evangelical Lutheran Worship; everything that was required and more. December 3, Advent Lessons & Carols; From soft to loud, the overwhelming January 14, Bach for the Sem (at the characteristic was that of clarity. What a Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. triumph of voicing and tonal design.” Luke); February 18, CUBE; March 11, Doris Hall, Organist Larry Long; April 22, LSTC Gospel Birmingham, Michigan Choir benefit concert. For information: .
The Church of the Holy Family, New York City, continues its recital series in celebration of the 10th anniver- sary of its five-manual Robert Turner organ. Programs take place on Thurs- days at 12:45 pm: November 16, Bran- don Dumas; December 21, William Atwood. For information: 212/753- 3401; . First Presbyterian Church, Arling- ton Heights, Illinois, has announced its Choir from Cathedral Church of St. John, Albuquerque concert series: November 19, Glen Ellyn Children’s Chorus; December 10 In July the Cathedral Choir of the to the east coast singing services at St. & 17, Christmas concert; February 18, Cathedral Church of St. John, Albu- Thomas Church Fifth Avenue, New 22nd annual “Organ-fest”; March 11, querque, New Mexico (Iain Quinn, York City (Choral Eucharist), and Wash- Pilgrim Chamber Players; April 15, Rut- director of music, and Maxine Thevenot, ington National Cathedral (Choral ter, Requiem. For information: 847/255- associate organist-choir director) toured Evensongs). 5900; . Laudamus Chamber Chorale, under the direction of Dr. James McCray, has announced the fall con- certs of their ninth season. The series began on October 15 with a concert also featuring Fort Collins Children’s Choir at First Presbyterian Church of Fort Collins. A new work by McCray written
Trinity Choir of Grace and Holy Trinity Cathedral, Kansas City
The Trinity Choir of Grace and Oxford. American composers represent- Holy Trinity Cathedral in Kansas City, ed were David Ashley White, Michael Missouri, made a 15-day tour of the McCabe (the Kansas City Evening Can- British Isles July 23–August 7. With John ticles), Peter Mathews and Arlen Clarke. Schaefer as director, the choir sang a Mr. Schaefer, who holds the AAGO and Choral Evensong at St. Patrick’s Cathe- ChM diplomas of the AGO and the dral in Dublin and at St. Davids Cathe- ARCO diploma of the Royal College of dral in Wales; three weekend services at Organists, began his 31st year as organ- St. Philip’s Cathedral in Birmingham; ist-director of music at Grace and Holy and a residency, encompassing eight ser- Trinity Cathedral in Kansas City on vices, at Christ Church Cathedral in October 1.
4 THE DIAPASON All Saints’ Church, Beverly Hills, for the winning hymn may be sought in Baptist Church, 111 Park Avenue, events with the chief works of Mon- California, will present Advent Lessons the future. Hymns previously published Worcester, MA 01609. Electronic sub- teverdi and Bach, while there will once & Carols on December 3 (5 pm). On or currently entered in other contests missions accepted by email to again be trips to famous organs, operas, December 13, the All Saints’ Choir, should not be submitted. The contest . Deadline for intimate chamber music, and large- Parish Choir, and Musica Angelica suggests avoiding archaic and non-inclu- submissions is January 2, 2007. scale orchestral concerts. And, of Baroque Orchestra will present Han- sive language. Entries will be juried by impartial course, there is always a walking tour of del’s Messiah at the Cathedral of Our All entries must be postmarked by judges from the New England area with Bach sites in Leipzig. Lady of the Angels, Los Angeles. For December 31. The judges will arrive at the winner being announced by March The opening concert at Bach’s church, information: 310/858-4545; their decision by February 15, 2007, 1, 2007. First performance will be given St. Thomas, with the St. Thomas Choir, . and the winning hymn will be by Chancel Choir and minister of music will present Monteverdi’s Vespers, and announced by February 28. Send William Ness at First Baptist Church on the festival will close there as always with Macalester Plymouth United entries to Hymn Contest, Macalester the Sunday of Music and Arts Week Bach’s Mass in B Minor, this year with Church of St. Paul, Minnesota, and the Plymouth United Church, 1658 Lincoln (usually two weeks after Easter). For the Tölzer Boys Choir. Bach cantata per- Presbytery of the Twin Cities Area Ave., St. Paul, MN 55105-1949; information: William Ness, 508/755- formances include Cantus Cölln, the (Presbyterian Church/USA) announce ; 6143, or visit . Arnold Schoenberg Choir with the Con- the eleventh international contest for . centus musicus under Nikolaus Harnon- English language hymn writers. It car- The Bach Festival Leipzig takes court, and cantatas by the Monteverdi ries a prize of $500 for the winning First Baptist Church of Worcester, place June 7–17, 2007, with the theme Choir under Sir John Elliot Gardiner. entry. The contest seeks new texts that Massachusetts, announces its Annual “From Monteverdi to Bach.” The Secular concerts feature the Gewand- call the church and its people “to prac- Anthem Competition, open to com- schedule includes music from France, haus Orchestra with Ricardo Chailly, a tice the forgiveness of enemies and to posers under the age of 40. The prize is England, Germany and Italy, highlight- Monteverdi opera by Les Talens commend to the nations as practical $1200. The contest accepts submissions ing the development of vocal and instru- Lyriques led by Christophe Rousset, and politics the search for cooperation and of anthems in SATB style with organ mental music, both sacred and profane. Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas with the York- peace.” accompaniment; length between 5 to 8 The roster of artists includes hundreds shire Baroque Soloists. This is a search for new texts. The use minutes; text is Revelation 21:1–6. of musicians from all over the world. Complete information is available in of familiar meters that may be sung to Entries should be mailed to William Many churches in Leipzig will be English at familiar tunes is encouraged. New music Ness, 2007 Anthem Competition, First holding special services and musical under the tab “Bach Festival.” Concert ConcertArtistCooperative
Sabin Levi Yoon-Mi Lim Mary Mozelle David F. Oliver Larry Palmer Organist/Harpsichordist/Carillonneur/ Organist Organist/Recording Artist Organist/Lecturer/ Harpsichordist/Organist Lecturer/Recording Artist 2004 NYACOP Winner Associate Organist Recording Artist Professor of Harpsichord and Organ Organist and Composer in Residence Director of Music The National Presbyterian Church College Organist Meadows School of the Arts First Christian Church of Independence Fairlawn Presbyterian Church Washington DC Assistant Professor Southern Methodist University Assistant Music Director Columbus, Indiana “The Sights & Sounds Department of Music Dallas, Texas Shireinu Choir of Kansas City of the Pipe Organ” Morehouse College Kansas City, Missouri Atlanta, Georgia
Gregory Peterson Stephen Roberts Clair Rozier Lisa Scrivani-Tidd Michael Stefanek Organist Organist/Harpsichordist/Lecturer Organist/Lecturer Organist/Lecturer Organist College Organist and Instructor of Organ Director of Music Assistant Professor of Music Director of Music Assistant Professor of Music Western CT State University St. David's Episcopal Church SUNY at Jefferson Aldersgate United Methodist Church Luther College Director of Music Wayne, Pennsylvania Watertown, New York Redford, Michigan Decorah, Iowa St. Peter Church University Organist Danbury, Connecticut St. Lawrence University Canton, New York
Jeremy David Tarrant Heinrich Walther Jane Watts Brador Brass Quintet Duo Majoya Organist Organist/Clavichordist/Virginalist/ Organist International Touring Ensemble Organ and Piano Organist and Choirmaster Recording Artist Exclusive Recording Artist Christopher Marsden Recording Artists The Cathedral Church of St. Paul Faculty, University of Music Priory Records Artistic Director Marnie Giesbrecht and Joachim Segger Detroit, Michigan Freiburg, Germany First RCO Performer of the Year Resident Ensemble Professors of Music Faculties, Church Music Schools Organist of the Bach Choir San Diego State University University of Alberta Heidelberg and Rottenburg London, England San Diego, California The King’s University College Germany Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ConcertArtistCooperative Beth Zucchino, Director, [email protected] David K. Lamb, Associate Director, [email protected] 7710 Lynch Road, Sebastopol, CA 95472 PH: 707-824-5611 FX: 707-824-0956 www.ConcertArtistCooperative.com
NOVEMBER, 2006 5 tickets can by ordered beginning November 15, 2006: , Tel. +49-341-91 37.3 33, Fax +49-341-91 37.3 35. —adapted from the Bach Archiv Leipzig website by Joel H. Kuznik
Michael Stefanek Rodgers Scholarship recipients Church in Redford, Michigan. Further information can be obtained Ten young musicians spent a week in schedule included a private organ les- from Concert Artist Cooperative’s intensive organ study at the Interna- son, one hour of music history, one hour director, Beth Zucchino, at 7710 Lynch tional Music Camp on the U.S.-Canada of music fundamentals, a minimum of 1 Yoon-Mi Lim Rd., Sebastopol, CA 95472; 707/824- border this summer thanks to scholar- 2 ⁄2 hours of organ practice, and an 5611, 707/824-0956 fax, ships from Rodgers Instruments LLC. evening keyboard seminar. , The scholarship program, now in its The 2006 scholarship winners are . third year, enabled the teenagers to par- Corinne Campbell, 15, Flasher, North ticipate in the program led by Peggy Dakota; Shelby Flowers, 15, Highlands Bartunek, who is a Rodgers dealer Ranch, Colorado; Nicolas Garvin, 17, based in North Dakota. Ms. Bartunek, Toledo, Ohio; Rachel Hernández, 14, who co-taught with organ instructor Dade City, Florida; Alyssa Johnson, 17, Marguerite Streifel and the camp’s Park River, North Dakota; Tyler Jones, piano faculty, developed the Organ 16, Chicago, Illinois; Heather Kennison, Week program primarily to help pianists 16, Spring Creek, Nevada; Kayla Lee, make the transition to the organ using 15, Park River, North Dakota; Angela their existing music and keyboard skills. Leinen, 17, Breckenridge, Minnesota; During the week each student’s daily Andrew Yang, 13, Minot, North Dakota.
school, and for the time being organ lessons are being taught at area church- es. Students as young as age 8 are accepted for either private or group instruction. For information: 847/905- Mary Mozelle 1500; .
Concert Artist Cooperative, which E. M. Skinner Opus 208 from 1914 at began its nineteenth year in April, Music Institute of Chicago announces the addition of organist Appointments Yoon-Mi Lim, organist/recording artist The Music Institute of Chicago has Mary Mozelle, and organist Michael opened an organ department. Faculty Stefanek to its roster of soloists and includes James Russell Brown, Margaret Southern Methodist University’s ensembles from around the world. McElwain Kemper, and David Schrad- Perkins School of Theology announces Yoon-Mi Lim, winner of the 2004 er. The school’s Evanston, Illinois cam- the appointment of Christopher NYACOP, is director of music at the pus, in the former First Church of Christ Anderson as associate professor of Fairlawn Presbyterian Church in Scientist, is the home of E. M. Skinner sacred music. Dr. Anderson currently Columbus, Indiana. Opus 208 from 1914. Although the con- holds the position of associate professor Mary Mozelle, creator of “The sole was recently restored, a complete of music at the University of North Sights & Sounds of the Pipe Organ,” is restoration of the instrument is now Dakota in Grand Forks, where he associate organist at The National Pres- being realized under the auspices of Jef- teaches graduate and undergraduate byterian Church in Washington, D.C. frey Weiler, organ curator to the Chica- courses in music history and theory as Michael Stefanek is director of go Symphony. A small practice organ is well as applied organ. Christopher Anderson music at Aldersgate United Methodist in the process of being located for the His research in late Romanticism, particularly the music of Max Reger, has yielded frequent essays in journals of the UK, Germany, Sweden, and the United States. His book, Max Reger and Karl Straube: Perspectives on an Organ Performing Tradition, was the first such extensive survey of any aspect of Reger in English. The book won the 2006 Max Miller Book Prize, given by the Boston University School of Theol- ogy, which in turn administers The Organ Library of the American Guild of Organists. His latest book, Selected Writings of Max Reger, was published in 2006. Anderson has been a regular contrib- utor to the biennial International Organ Academy at Göteborg University, Swe- den, and was a featured lecturer at the Internationale Max-Reger-Tage of the Bruckner University in Linz, Austria. His archival researches have involved the central musical institutions of the cities of Leipzig and Meiningen, Ger- many. Anderson appears regularly as an organ recitalist with a repertory that extends from the 16th century to the newest music for the organ. He has maintained his skills in the local church as organist/choirmaster. At Perkins he will be teaching in the areas of the Church Music Colloquium for Master of Sacred Music students, organ service playing and improvisation, and music in worship. Anderson holds the Ph.D. in Perfor- mance Practices from Duke University.
6 THE DIAPASON Vtà{xwÜtÄ Éy itÄÄtwÉÄ|w
VALLADOLID, SPAIN 79 STOP FOUR-MANUAL RENAISSANCE QUANTUM™ BY ALLEN
he 79-Stop Four-Manual all-digital instrument recently installed in the historic T Cathedral of Valladolid, Spain, is a new Quantum™ instrument by Allen Organ Company. It contains four completely-independent specifications: American Classic, English Cathedral, French Romantic, and Neo-Baroque. At the request of Spain’s premier concert organist, Pilar Cabrera, the American Classic specification was customized to a more Spanish Classic tonal scheme, including a special “Trompeta Reál” that crowns the Solo Division. Allen designed a custom audio system for the organ, taking great care to preserve the magnificent aesthetics of the early 1600s building. The instrument speaks from the front of the church. The moveable console can be connected in multiple locations, allowing for either worship or concert use. The organ was introduced to the public at a special First Communion Mass celebrated by the Archbishop of Valladolid. The Cathedral plans a regular concert series, with the first performance by Ms. Cabrera.
www.allenorgan.com 150 Locust Street, P.O. Box 36, Macungie, PA 18062-0036 USA / Phone: 610-966-2202 / Fax: 610-965-3098 / E-mail: [email protected] Prior to Duke, he studied under Markey, and William Watkins, played Ludger Lohmann at the Staatliche on noteworthy Aeolian-Skinner organs Musikhoch-schule, Stuttgart, and in Washington, D.C. Both the recording Robert Anderson at Southern and the score of Elegy are available Methodist University, where he earned from The Vermont Organ Academy, degrees in organ performance and . sacred music. Anderson and his wife, Lisa, have a 3-year old daughter.
W. Michael Brittenback Larry J. Long music and organ performance from Northwestern University, and post-mas- viously, he served as Cantor at St. Luke ter’s study at the University of Southern Church (ELCA) in Chicago. St. James California School of Music in organ, currently uses a temporarily installed choral and orchestral conducting, and electronic instrument, awaiting installa- pedagogy. An Episcopalian, he has over tion beginning in 2008 of a new 96-rank, 35 years of church music experience, 4-manual Schoenstein pipe organ. Cameron Carpenter Diane Meredith Belcher serving as a church musician in Episco- pal churches in Indianapolis, Chicago, Artist manager Susan Carol Boyer Diane Meredith Belcher has been Palm Desert, California, and Pontiac announces exclusive representation of appointed organ instructor at the Uni- and Plymouth, Michigan. His most Here & There concert organist Cameron Carpenter versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. recent position was as minister of music worldwide. “The ultimate maverick of She will be teaching through the Blutt at St. John’s Episcopal Church in Ply- the U.S. organ community” (The College House Music Program and the mouth, Michigan, where he served for Philadelphia Inquirer, May 2006), Car- Music 10 program for applied solo and five years. penter is “a first rate talent . . . with extra- chamber music performance, both In addition to being a concert musi- ordinarily glib fingers and Astaire-like administered through the Music cian, he teaches both organ and piano footwork” (The New York Times, July Department of the School of Arts and and serves as an organ consultant. Brit- 2006). His recent appearances have gar- Sciences. Belcher has taught organ tenback is also program coordinator at nered notice nationally including in The extensively for the past two decades, the Jefferson Academy of Music at The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, and has previously served on the facul- Ohio State University. He has served as and New York fashion and society ties of the University of Memphis and a dean and board member in several columns including Women’s Wear Daily, Westminster Choir College. She contin- chapters of the American Guild of Patrick McMullan.com, Page Six (New ues as co-organist/choirmaster of his- Organists, regional director of the Asso- York Daily News), and Liz Smith (New toric St. Mark’s Church, Philadelphia, ciation of Anglican Musicians, and is a York Post). He can be heard on the where she and her partner, Matthew member of Music Teachers National SeeMusicDVD label and on-demand at Glandorf, direct the musical program Association and the Royal School of . for solemn high liturgies with a semi- Church Music. Booking inquiries may be sent to: Susan professional choir. In 1996, while minister of music at St. Carol Boyer, 349 E. 49th St., 2-A, New Belcher is widely renowned for her Margaret’s Episcopal Church in Palm York, NY 10017; Tel. 610/392-5242; Fax: concert career begun at age fifteen, Desert, California, he oversaw the 610/965.0011; e-mail: prizes won at the St. Albans and design and installation of a 4-manual, Franklin D. Ashdown . Chartres international organ competi- 75-rank Quimby pipe organ. He has tions, and her recordings and broadcasts produced several solo organ CDs as well Franklin D. Ashdown has received of famous organs. Recent and forthcom- as director for two choral CDs. He the ASCAPLUS Award, following sev- ing solo engagements include Disney founded the Desert Oratorio Society in eral years of Standard Panel Awards, Hall, Los Angeles; Bristol Chapel, 1990 and produced many concerts with from ASCAP in recognition of recently Westminster Choir College; Central this group and full orchestra. In 2000, published organ and choral works. Synagogue, New York; Verizon Hall, he conducted the All Saints Episcopal These include The Lord Bless You and Philadelphia; Chestnut Hill Presbyter- Choir from Pontiac, Michigan in a CD Keep You (SATB/Kjos), Grant Us Thy ian Church, Philadelphia; the OHS of the complete carols of Bates Burt and Peace (SATB/Concordia), and The Convention, Albany; the RCCO Con- Alfred Burt. The late Rev. Bates Burt Eventide Collection for organ (Concor- vention, Halifax; Benaroya Hall, Seattle; had been rector of All Saints during the dia), consisting of “Sou Gan Reverie,” Trinity Lutheran Church, Akron; and time these famous carols were written. “Nocturne,” “Prelude on ‘Eventide’,” the Jacksonville Symphony, Florida. “Sospiri,” “Adagio on a Welsh Air,” and Ms. Belcher is represented by Karen Larry J. Long has been appointed “Nunc Dimittis.” McFarlane Artists, Inc. associate organist at St. James’ Church (Episcopal), New York City, where his Charles Callahan’s Elegy for bas- W. Michael Brittenback has been responsibilities include playing for three soon and organ was performed by Per appointed organist/choirmaster at St. liturgies each Sunday, and accompany- Hannevold, principal bassoon in the George’s Episcopal Church, Dayton, ing and occasionally conducting the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra, and Ohio, where he will conduct the 30- Compostela Choir (professional) and Stig Werno Holter of the Grieg Acade- voice parish choir, oversee the music Canterbury Choir (adult volunteer). He my on September 1 in the Bergen Dom Leonardo Ciampa program, and play the 32-rank C. B. Fisk works with staff musicians Dr. Davis in Norway. The piece is featured in a pipe organ. He has B.S. degrees in both Wortman, director of music and organ- newly released double compact disc set, Leonardo Ciampa’s biography of organ performance and business from ist, and Barbara Lynne Jamison, direc- along with other performances by Don Lorenzo Perosi is now available. Indiana University, a master’s in church tor of music for children and youth. Pre- Charles Callahan, the late George Perosi, one of Italy’s most famous com- A.E. Schlueter Pipe Organ Co. Current Projects for 2006-2007
New Organs: Atlanta First United Methodist Church: 5-manual, 120 stops New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, Leavell Chapel: 4-manual, 78 ranks Midway Presbyterian Church, Powder Springs, GA: 3-manual, 55 ranks First United Methodist Church, Carrollton, GA: 3-manual, 42 ranks New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, Recital Hall: 3-manual, 33 ranks (new & existing pipes) Newberry A.R.P., Newberry, SC: 2-manual, 13 ranks (new & existing pipes) Rebuilds: St. John’s Church, Savannah, GA: 4-manual, 76 rank Wicks - additions, tonal revisions & revoicing First Baptist Church, Orangeburg, SC: 3-manual, 31 rank M.P. Moller - complete rebuild with additions Selwyn Avenue Presbyterian Church, Charlotte, NC: 3-manual, 22 rank M.P. Moller - complete rebuild with additions First United Methodist Church, Jackson, GA: 2-manaul, 20 rank Austin - complete rebuild with major additions Cumberland United Methodist Church, Florence, SC: 2-manual, 10 rank M.P. Moller - complete rebuild with additions First United Methodist Church, Tennille, GA: 2-manual, 8 rank Tellers, complete restoration 800-836-2726 y www.pipe-organ.com
8 THE DIAPASON WHY
Because it’s the sound that counts.
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Rodgers Instruments LLC A Member of the Roland Group 1300 NE 25th Avenue • Hillsboro, Oregon 97124 503.648.4181 • fax: 503.681.0444 Email: [email protected] • www.rodgersinstruments.com America’s Most Respected Organ Builder posers at the turn of the last century, was noon organ recitals at Washington ist and choirmaster), as part of the Festi- work will be premiered on Palm Sunday also a great composer of sacred music. National Cathedral from JAV Recordings val Jusqu’aux oreilles. 2008. In addition, Aaron Miller’s tone Born in 1872, Perosi’s masterworks date (JAV 144). Dr. Hancock improvises in a Locklair was recently commissioned poem for organ and orchestra, Sleepy from the period 1894–1907. Though his French Classical style on Victimae by the board of directors of the Virginia Hollow, which was commissioned by the oratorios and masses are best known, Paschali Laudes, with the Men of the Chorale to compose a choral work in AGO for the Chicago convention and Perosi’s thousands of works include sym- Cathedral Choir singing alternate verses, honor of music director Robert Shoup’s enthusiastically received by the conven- phonic poems, chamber music, concer- improvises a symphony on submitted 10th anniversary season as part of the tion members, will be published by ECS tos, and pieces for organ. For informa- themes, and plays works by Bach and Virginia Festival of American Voices, Publishers and should be available short- tion or to purchase the book: Sowerby. The booklet contains an inter- where Locklair has been named Festival ly. Aaron David Miller is represented by . view by Craig Whitney, dealing with Resident Composer. His compositions Penny Lorenz Artist Management. Hancock’s biography, how he started will be prominently featured in festival improvising at the keyboard, and how he concerts, and he will also participate in Godwin Sadoh will be directing the structures his thoughts while he impro- festival panel discussions and workshops. LeMoyne-Owen College Concert Choir vises. For information: . (being composed for chorus and strings), Christmas at the Second Congregational is entitled The Attending and was written Church, Memphis, Tennessee, on Karel Husa, Czech-American com- by Fred Chappell, former Poet Laureate November 29. Sadoh’s Keresimesi Odun poser, celebrates his 85th birthday this of the state of North Carolina. For infor- de (Christmas Festival) for SATB and year. During the 2005–06 and 2006–07 mation: . piano will be premiered at the event. seasons, orchestras, chamber ensembles, and soloists worldwide are celebrating Sandra Soderlund is the author of a with him. Winner of the 1993 Grawe- new book, How Did They Play? How meyer Award and the 1969 Pulitzer Prize Did They Teach?—A History of Key- for Music, Husa is an internationally board Technique, published by Hinshaw known composer and conductor. An Music (HMO 184). The book traces key- American citizen since 1959, Husa was board playing from its beginnings to the born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, on end of the 19th century; discusses all August 7, 1921. After completing studies keyboard instruments—organ, harpsi- at the Prague Conservatory and, later, chord, clavichord, piano; quotes from the Academy of Music, he went to Paris letters, diaries, reviews, and method where he received diplomas from the books; includes full chapters on Bach, Steven Egler (photo credit Robert L. Barker) Paris National Conservatory and the Beethoven, Chopin, and Liszt; and has Ecole normale de musique. Among his major sections on great performers and Steven Egler is featured on a new teachers were Arthur Honegger, Nadia composers from Frescobaldi and recording, The Organ Music of Gerald Boulanger, Jaroslav Ridky, and conduc- Couperin to Debussy and Rachmani- Near, on the White Pine Music label (two tor André Cluytens. In 1954, Husa was noff. For information: CDs). Recorded on the Casavant Frères appointed to the faculty of Cornell Uni- . Opus 3756 organ at Central Michigan versity where he was Kappa Alpha Pro- University, the program includes Chorale- fessor until his retirement in 1992. works (complete), Suite in Classic Style Husa’s organ works include a Concer- (with flutist Frances Shelly), Sonata in F- to for Organ, commissioned by the Nunc Dimittis sharp minor, and a virtual organ tour. Michelson-Morley Centennial Celebra- Aaron David Miller Steven Egler is Professor of Organ at tion in Cleveland for Karel Paukert, and Central Michigan University, and Frances Frammenti. His music is published by Organist and composer Aaron John R. Turnbull died May 4 in Shelly is Professor of Flute at Wichita Associated Music Publishers. David Miller has received several Spartanburg, South Carolina, at the age State University. The Suite for flute and commissions recently. The Donald of 66. Born in Frederick, Oklahoma, he organ was premiered by the Shelly-Egler Sutherland Music Ministries Endow- held degrees in organ and piano from Duo in 1994. The Choraleworks and ment Fund Committee at Bradley Hills the University of Oklahoma, where he Sonata in F-sharp minor are both pre- Presbyterian Church, Bethesda, Mary- studied with Mildred Andrews, and a miere recordings of these compositions, land, commissioned an anthem on an DMA from the Eastman School of although Egler did include three of the Easter theme for choir, organ and Music, where he also received a Per- Choraleworks on his previous CD of the woodwinds. The work will be pre- former’s Certificate and an Artist Diplo- CMU organ in 1999. The repertoire is miered Easter 2007. The fund was ma. As a Fulbright scholar, he studied available from MorningStar Music Pub- established to honor Dr. Sutherland on organ and harpsichord with Gustav lishers, . his retirement as the church’s director Leonhardt at Amsterdam Conservatory For information: of music ministries for over 25 years. Its in the Netherlands. Dr. Turnbull was . purpose is to enlarge the literature of associate professor emeritus of organ church music by commissioning new and theory at the Petrie School of Music, works by established composers. Converse College, in Spartanburg, Augsburg Fortress has commissioned where he retired in 2005. He previously a Service of Advent Lessons and Carols taught at Luther College and Eastern on a text by Herbert Brokering, which Kentucky University. He served as should be available by spring of 2007. organist and choirmaster at the Episco- Marek Kudlicki The Valley Chamber Chorale of Stillwa- pal Church of the Advent in Spartan- ter, Minnesota, has a history of commis- burgh for 17 years, and previously held Polish organist Marek Kudlicki plays sioning new works for the chorale positions at Holy Cross Episcopal recitals in the U.S. this month: Novem- through its commissioning society. The Church in Tryon, North Carolina, and at ber 12, St. John’s Lutheran Church, society has commissioned Dr. Miller to the First Presbyterian Church, Laurel, Summit, New Jersey; 11/17, Westmin- compose a work for their upcoming Mississippi. A memorial service was held ster Presbyterian Church, Albany, New Christmas concert for choir, harp and at the Church of the Advent on May 8. York; and 11/19, St. Stanislaus Kostka flute. The Masterworks Chorale of Church, Bay City, Michigan. Toledo, Ohio, has commissioned a work for organ and chorus, which will be pre- THE DIAPASON has moved. Note Dan Locklair’s The Isaiah Canticles miered in Toledo on March 17, 2007, our new address: (for SATB chorus, a cappella) received with Aaron David Miller at the organ. 3030 W. Salt Creek Lane, Suite 201 Gerre Hancock its Canadian premiere on August 13 at The Monroe Street Methodist Arlington Heights, IL 60005 Christ Church Cathedral in Montréal, Church of Toledo has commissioned Phone, fax, e-mail, and web Gerre Hancock is featured on the Québec, Canada, by the Choir of Christ Miller to write a complete Latin Mass remain the same. new recording series of the Sunday after- Church Cathedral (Patrick Wedd, organ- for chorus, organ and orchestra. This
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10 THE DIAPASON
many works from the Hyperion catalog. Here & There Most recordings are donated to the sta- tion by record labels or organists. The library contains both commercially CanticaNOVA Publications has released albums as well as independent- announced new releases. Ceremonies of ly produced recordings of organ music the Modern Roman Rite, 2nd Edition, by from all periods, hymns, and a few Msgr. Peter J. Elliott, is a complete cer- organ-accompanied anthems. emonial manual for the celebration of Organlive is based in St. Louis, Mis- the Eucharist and the Liturgy of the souri, and can be heard anytime by Hours. A practical manual for all going to . Organlive is involved in parish worship, it includes produced under the direction of Brent guidance on ceremonial actions, chil- Johnson with the help of volunteers dren’s liturgy, celebrating vespers, Carrie Bradfield and Ben Oberkfeld Eucharistic ministries, and more (catalog and countless generous donors. For #9130, $26.95). New audio CDs include more information on Organlive, visit Regina caeli: Music Ancient and Modern our website, or send e-mail to to Our Lady, performed by the Music . Makers and Schola Cantamus (catalog #9017, $19.95), and Buxtehude at Master-Player Library has released Lynchburg: Free Compositions and William Grant Still: A Voice High- Chorale Preludes of Dietrich Buxtehude Sounding by Judith Anne Still, daughter (1637–1707), performed by organist J. of the composer. The book is a collection William Greene. A Simple Processional, of 16 essays about the private life and composed by Harold Owen (catalog thoughts of the African-American com- #3008, $1.10), is a new processional poser and “destroys current notions Maynard-Walker Organ, Queens College/CUNY using the familiar hymn tune Tallis’ about race, politics and the arts,” and Canon, set as a two-part canon, with also deals with mysticism and the conse- This past summer, Flentrop Orgel- lengthened and a new manual coupler obbligato parts for two C-instruments, quence of social bias; 318 pp., 17 illus- bouw performed extensive work on the was built. At the same time, the crew in also in canon. Robert W. Parker’s Behold trations; $21.95 (plus s/h, paperback), Maynard-Walker Memorial Organ at New York replaced the pallet springs of My Servant (catalog #5158, $1.95) is an $29.95 (plus s/h, hardback); P.O. Box the Aaron Copland School of Music at the Oberwerk, moving them to a SATB anthem in British cathedral style, 3044, Flagstaff, AZ 86003-3044; Queens College/CUNY. The Maynard- mechanically more effective point. based on text from Isaiah 42. For infor- 928/526-9355. Walker Organ (III/35), inspired by Further work included reinforcement mation: . North German and Dutch instruments of the large façade pipes. Many of the of around 1700, was built by Gene smaller pipes inside the organ were also Northwestern Publishing House Bedient in 1991. Dr. Jan-Piet Knijff, repaired and reinforced where neces- has released its 2006–07 music catalog. organist-in-residence and a member of sary. The voicing of the flue pipes was Organ and keyboard titles, most of easy the performance faculty at the Copland adjusted to the new situation with the to medium level of difficulty, include School of Music, acted as consultant for improved slider system and key action. several volumes of hymn preludes and the recent renovation. The organ was tuned in a mildly unequal introductions for tunes in Christian The main part of Flentrop’s work con- temperament, allowing for the use of Worship: A Lutheran Hymnal, by such cerned the slider system of the organ. keys with many accidentals, but still composers as Patricia Kayser, Harold R. Seals were applied below and above the favoring those with fewer sharps or flats. Vetter, Ron Besemer, Matthew Man- sliders in order to prevent ciphering and Concurrently with the work on the the, and Karen Emmett Phipps. Other to improve the stop action. In addition, Maynard-Walker Organ, Flentrop organ titles are by Bruce R. Backer, S. extensive work was done to improve the repaired the school’s practice organ, Drummond Wolff, Henry Kihlken, and key action. The console was taken out of built in 1985 by Nigel Church & Co. Raymond Haan. Choral titles include the organ and sent to the workshop in and previously owned by the late Don- works for liturgical seasons and feasts, Zaandam, The Netherlands, where the ald Joyce. plus general use, by David Music, Wal- Hauptwerk and Oberwerk keys were —Jan-Piet Knijff ter Ehret, Richard Hillert, John Allen organ in Regensburg Behnke, Donald Johns, and others. For information: . Pope Benedict XVI traveled recently to his homeland of Bavaria, Germany, to On August 11, 2006, Organlive.com celebrate open-air Masses in Munich completed three years of broadcasting and Regensburg. Allen Organ Com- non-stop organ music. An Internet pany provided instruments for both of audio station dedicated to the music of these Masses—just as it did for the the classical organ, Organlive is free to Pope’s World Youth Days visit in 2005, all who wish to listen and funded and in 1980 for an open-air church ser- entirely by donations from listeners. vice with Pope John Paul II in Munich’s While listening to a track on Organlive, Olympic Stadium. the listener is presented with informa- The Allen instrument used for the tion on the performer, the work, the outdoor Munich Mass was a 56-stop 3- album, the composer, the organ, and is manual Renaissance™, played by Hans given links to where the album may be Leitner, Cathedral of Munich purchased online. In addition, listeners (Frauenkirche) organist. The organ was can browse the ever-growing library of featured as a solo instrument, in duets more than 3600 tracks by organist, with a saxophone, and accompanying a album, composer, work, or organ, and number of German choirs. The day can make specific requests. Listeners after the church service in Munich the have the ability to give instant feedback organ was moved to the Bruckner Con- Roland Corporation U.S. CEO and president Dennis Houlihan (left) and Ikutaro on each track, which helps determine cert Hall in Linz, Austria, to perform Kakehashi, founder and special consultant of Roland Corporation and chairman the station’s playlist and new acquisi- Kaija Saariaho’s Orion with the Cleve- of Rodgers Instruments LLC, unveil the new five-manual Trillium Masterpiece tions. The broadcast stream reaches land Orchestra. The console will be per- Series 1138 more than 70 countries. manently installed in a Catholic church The Organlive library features com- in Krefeld-Traar, Germany, combining Ikutaro Kakehashi, founder and spe- August 15–16 in Tigard, Oregon. plete organ recordings from the Albany 24 ranks of existing pipes with its 56 dig- cial consultant of Roland Corporation Their presentation included a pre- Records and Raven labels, as well as ital stops. and chairman of Rodgers Instruments view of Roland’s next generation of LLC, described visionary plans for the products that support the convergence future at Rodgers Instruments LLC’s of music and video. Highlights of the 2006 international sales meeting. Partic- meeting included Rodgers’ new flagship ipants also applauded the introduction product, the five-manual Trillium Mas- of several new organ models, including terpiece Series Model 1138; a competi- Rodgers’ first production model five- tively priced three-manual organ, the manual organ. Mr. Kakehashi, who is Allegiant 778; a flexible single-manual also CEO of Atelier Vision Corporation organ that can function as a portable in Japan, joined Roland Corporation instrument or a stand-mounted key- U.S. CEO and president Dennis Houli- board, the Roland C-190; and Rodgers’ han for an interview-style discussion new digital sound generator for pipe before an audience of about 150 U.S. organs, the DSG-108. For information: dealers and worldwide distributors .
THE DIAPASON has moved. AHIGHER L EVEL of E XCELLENCE Note our new address: 3030 W. Salt Creek Lane Great musicians need extraordinary instruments Suite 201 to deliver magnificent performances. Arlington Heights, IL 60005
P.O. Box 156 • Orrville, Ohio 44667 • P 800.416.7426 • F 330.683.2274 • www.schantzorgan.com Phone, fax, e-mail, and web remain the same.
12 THE DIAPASON Have the lexicographers punted? and was built in 1934 for Edgar J. Kauf- How does music fit into all this? You How does a great work of art fit into man. It is widely celebrated as a brilliant- can’t very well compose music to depict In the wind . . . this definition? Michelangelo’s Pietà at ly conceived contemporary structure a bowl of pears in still-life. Or at least in by John Bishop St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, depicting imposed on a wooded setting in such a my ignorance I haven’t heard of such a the crucified Christ lying across his way as to create an unlikely but beautiful piece. There are some obvious musical mother Mary’s lap, is an unparalleled blend of concrete, trees, rocks, and a depictions of nature such as the thun- What is art? example of the imitation of nature using waterfall. You can see photos of this derstorms in Rossini’s William Tell For the last several years the Organ an unlikely medium. Depicting human amazing building at . I like the word imposed Mountain, and organists cannot over- Möller’s Opus 5819 (89 ranks) was agree that the artist’s effort was success- here—maybe we could add that to the look Olivier Messiaen’s bird calls. But installed in the Philadelphia Civic Cen- ful (understatement intended!). definition. Fallingwater is supplement- outside programmatic tone-paintings, ter in 1929–30. The Civic Center had Georges Seurat’s masterpiece Sun- ing, counteracting, altering, and impos- what does an orchestral symphony or a something like 13,500 seats. It was 400 day in the Park (completed 1886) (you ing on nature—and it is simply gorgeous. piano sonata have to do with nature? feet long, and the ceiling was 100 feet can see at it ) was with saffron-colored fabric is he supple- familiar with musical overtones. I’ll give feet off the auditorium floor—the floor his effort to prove his theory that paint- menting or counteracting nature? Or is an easy example. Play tenor C of an on which professional basketball and ing in colored dots, a technique known Central Park itself a work of art as it was Oboe, Clarinet, or Krummhorn. Hold it hockey games were played, on which the as pointillism, would produce colors constructed in an urban setting to imi- for five seconds or so—then while you’re Ringling Brothers, Barnum & Bailey cir- more vivid and pure than the traditional tate nature? holding it hum G to yourself. That cus performed, on which national technique of mixing colors on a palette. As we walk through the world we all should reinforce for your ears the organ Democratic conventions were held. I’ve He believed that human eyes would mix notice different things. I’ve wondered pipe’s overtone so that when you stop written about the organ before in these colors better than an artist. Seurat’s dots if an artist can be defined as someone the humming and keep holding the note, pages. In fact, the first column of “In the are approximately 1/16w across. The who sees more clearly than others and you’ll hear the G as clearly as if you were wind . . . ” (THE DIAPASON, April 2005) painting is about 82w by 121w—multipli- has some special ability to communi- holding two notes. In fact, G is part of C. included some impressions of the then cation says that there are something like cate clear observations. Meidert It’s nature. For many years I was curator recently completed dismantling project. 2.5 million dots. To twist this visual Hobbema (1638–1709, nearly an exact of the wonderful Aeolian-Skinner organ The Civic Center was about to be effect into our dictionary definition, contemporary of Dietrich Buxtehude) (Opus 1203, 237 ranks) at The First demolished. It was mid-winter. There Seurat was both counteracting and imi- had an unusual affinity for light. Go to Church of Christ, Scientist (The Mother was no heat in the building. And we tating nature. And note that Seurat to see an open to the public, and there was a pla- mantling what must be 85 tons of pipe time—aren’t those dots the Victorian example of his sun-lit landscapes. Any toon of tour guides whose spiel became organ. There were 162 stairs to climb to equivalent of pixels? of us has witnessed such a scene—but as familiar to us as the rising of the sun. get to the organ. Frank Lloyd Wright designed houses how many of us can notice enough of One of the guides was a singer who The organ was placed in storage in that blended into their sites. Fallingwa- the detail to retell it so effectively loved singing arpeggios while I was tun- another large Convention Center build- ter is located in Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania, using paint? ing: “Next, la-la-la-LA-la-la-la; Next, la- ing next door. We moved it between buildings on flat-bed semi-trailers—it took 16 loads. As it is stored it occupies about 150 feet by 80 feet of floor space surrounded by a chain-link fence with a padlock on the gate (pace that out in the sanctuary of your church). And it looks about as much like a work of art as a defunct steel mill or an automobile sal- vage lot. There is stack after stack of wooden crates full of organ pipes—200 eight-footers and 100 ten-footers. A six- foot-high pile of Swell frames looks like a collapsed barn. All of the big metal bass pipes laid out on the floor look like a storage yard at an oil refinery. And the two huge four-manual consoles (cov- ered with tarps) look like abandoned narrow-gauge railroad cars. Dozens of windchests and reservoirs, the disman- tled blower with its 30-horsepower motor, and a vast array of theatre-organ percussions (drums, cymbals, gongs, whistles, you name it) create the illusion of some huge demonic machine that came down the River Styx. There is very little light in the build- ing. The organ parts are dirty, having sat in that huge industrial-style building for over 70 years with nothing but our clothing to move the dust. I walk around inside that fence and know that I’m in the midst of a monumental and magnif- icent work of art. Though the organ was played only twice since 1979, I did have the thrill of playing it before we disman- tled it. It was out of tune, and there were plenty of ciphers, but there was no doubt that we were in the presence of something great. Anyone else looking at the heap in storage could only say, “what in the world is that?” For us, familiar with the most beauti- ful and ornate of church buildings, work- ing in this setting with scaffolding, trucks and construction vehicles circling the floor, asbestos abatement enclosures, and the crash and clatter of hundreds of construction workers was something new. I had never been in a building that large except as a spectator with hot dogs and beer in my hands, and ticket stubs in my pockets. At the close of the job I found for myself a moment to be alone in the building after hours. I was loading up the last of our tools and equipment and my van was parked on the floor on the front of the stage. (To drive into the building, you used the same curving ramps that the circus elephants walked on.) I climbed up to the second balcony (Row ZZZ) and took this photo (p. 14). The American Heritage Dictionary (Houghton Mifflin Co. 2000) offers sev- eral definitions of the word art, the first of which is “Human effort to imitate, supplement, alter, or counteract the work of nature.” Seems to me that’s a definition that covers almost anything.
NOVEMBER, 2006 13 be performed by small church choirs. Music for Voices Because of the 30 Years War when choirs had very limited numbers of and Organ male singers, he often wrote for two by James McCray or three parts with easy instrumental accompaniment. In England and Italy there were Baroque cantatas and other other traditions in church music. extended choral works George F. Handel and William Boyce, for example, made numerous contribu- I have always kept one end in view, name- tions through their extended anthems. ly, with all good will, to conduct a well reg- Purcell clearly was a giant in London in ulated church music to the honor of God. —Johann Sebastian Bach, 1708 the mid-Baroque period; his music Letter to Muhlhausen Council continues to charm us. There were many Catholic composers who provid- Today, the church choir’s presenta- ed masses and motets for their ser- tion of extended multi-movement works vices. From Claudio Monteverdi at the has become a special occasion, but in beginning of the Baroque through the Baroque period it was often a week- Antonio Vivaldi at the end, the Italians ly occurrence. In fact, the cantata were a strong influence on the direc- became one of the major vehicles of tion of music. And in France, Jean- church music in the first half of the 18th Philippe Rameau wrote extended Latin century. We know that Bach created settings of the Psalms. over 300 of them, and although some Church choir directors should have been lost, conductors have access include this kind of repertoire in their Philadelphia Civic Center to about 200. Yet, except for a very few weekly church services, not only for such as “Wachet auf” (Sleepers Awake, special occasions. These settings were la-la-LA-la-la-la.” It was predictable, than in the first 10,000 years of music No. 140) most are not in frequent use. created for use in daily/weekly church unalterable, and wildly distracting. But it history. And not only have we devel- Informed choral conductors will services, yet their use has become so was a clear and accurate representation oped the music itself as imitation, sup- acknowledge that Bach’s writing is rare in America that publishers are pro- of nature’s musical harmonic series. plementation, alteration, and counter- among the best, yet they avoid his set- viding fewer and fewer of them in mod- Remember the harmonic series: Fun- action of the work of nature, but all the tings. That attitude certainly is not new. ern editions. By not purchasing and damental, Octave, Twelfth, Fifteenth, myriad instruments, and the techniques For example, Johann Scheibe wrote in a using these fine works, we may be pre- Seventeenth, Nineteenth, Twenty-first, to play them. A modern violinist in a silk 1737 issue of Der Critischer Musikus venting future choir directors from hav- Twenty-second, etc. Sound familiar? 8v – gown with a Stradivarius under her chin the following: ing that opportunity. 2 3 1 1 4v – 2 ⁄3v – 2v – 1 ⁄5v – 1 ⁄3v – 1 ⁄7v – 1v. So that’s is a long way from a Cro-Magnon homo It is said that the past is another coun- where that comes from! A principal cho- sapiens with a rock in his hand! (Bach) judges the difficulties of his music try, but church choir directors have an rus is nothing more than overtones on Back to my fenced-in organ in Penn- according to his fingers. His compositions, inexhaustible passport. As Mae West top of their fundamental. All of those sylvania. Philadelphia has quite a fleet therefore, are difficult to perform as he said, “too much of a good thing is won- demands the singers and instrumentalists overtones exist in every organ pipe. Start of huge pipe organs, among them the perform with their throats and instru- derful.” The reviews below are of vari- with a Gedackt 8v—strong fundamental, new Dobson organ at the Kimmel Cen- ments the same feats he can perform on ous Baroque settings with a mixture of weaker overtones. Pierce the cap and sol- ter (4-111), the recently renovated the clavier. This, of course, is impossible. relatively easy and moderate works. der on a chimney and it becomes a Austin in Irvine Auditorium of the Uni- None are by the difficult J. S. Bach, Chimney Flute or Rohrflöte—you get a versity of Pennsylvania (4-162, two However, it is well known that although the Monteverdi work is very 2 stronger second overtone (2 ⁄3v) and a blocks from the now demolished Civic many of his cantatas draw on limited challenging. As 2006 winds down, it is brighter, cheerier sound. Center), and of course, the legendary resources and abilities; they merit my hope that church choir directors will Any musical sound has those over- and recently revived Wanamaker Organ consideration from church musicians. set a goal of performing no less than two tones—a bell, a frying pan, a pottery (6-461—think of it!). One wonders how One of the most useful books I own is Baroque extended works with their bowl, an axe; all produce sounds with many monumental secular organs one by William J. Bullock. His Bach Can- church choirs in the coming year. overtones. The first person to strike a city can support. tatas Requiring Limited Resources resonant object and produce a lasting The Civic Center Möller will almost (ISBN 0-8191-3863-3863-0) is a gold A Mighty Fortress (Ein feste Burg), tone would have been the first to hear certainly leave town. When it does, it will mine for conductors. Although possi- Franz Tunder (1614–1667). SATB, 2 overtones. When do you suppose that take with it a big piece of the history of bly out of print by now, this 1984 pub- violins and continuo, Concordia was? And when did humans first learn to 20th-century Philadelphia, from the lication of University Press of Ameri- Publishing House, 97-6185, full sing? If you could sing a melody of three moment when a flock of symbolic doves ca, Inc. is probably available in many score $12.50 (M-). notes, and you could also hear over- were released during a convention of the university libraries. Tunder, the originator of the famous tones, you might imagine trying to have Democratic party, flew into the big elec- There are, however, many other evening concerts in Lübeck that two people singing the same melody an tric fans that were cooling the stage, and Baroque composers who should be gained significant stature through his overtone apart—as in a fourth apart, as were splattered all over party chairman considered for performance, and usu- successor Dietrich Buxtehude, was in faux bourdon. If you could do that and Sam Rayburn on national television, to ally their works are less taxing. also important as one of the early you were imaginative enough to be the tens of thousands of high school and George Philipp Telemann, whose developers of the chorale cantata. This interested in counteracting nature the college graduates whose commencement Advent cantata was reviewed in this cantata has been reduced in instru- two of you might sing some notes in par- exercises were held in the hall. column just two months ago, wrote mental parts, making it accessible for allel motion (faux bourdon) and then This huge organ is an industrial many cantatas, which are available today’s church choirs and budgets. some in opposite motion (counterpoint). machine, built in a large factory by hun- through various publishers today. After a long instrumental Sinfonia, From there, all you would have to do dreds of workers. It has miles of wire, Franz Tunder and Andreas Hammer- there are four stanzas, which are set in would be to write the rules of four-part tons of lumber and metal, and a bewil- schmidt were two of the most impor- various choral combinations. Although harmony (Theory 101 and 102) and dering array of gadgets and gizmos. tant early Baroque composers who Tunder does not refer to them as there you’d be: 371 Harmonized There are dozens of ladders, walk- helped develop the cantata reper- movements, they tend to be self-con- Chorales, Preludes and Fugues, Sonatas, boards, structural beams. There are toire; their settings often are shorter tained so that they function that way. Symphonies, Ballads, Rock ‘n roll . . . more than 250 swell shutters. But at its and easier than those of the late The chorale is ever present, but, The modern symphony orchestra is a core it’s the artistic equivalent of those Baroque, so they are especially suit- unlike most Bach cantatas, does not grand human achievement. Starting hundred tuxedos and gowns on the able for limited choir size and abili- have a closing four-part setting in with those basic overtones, we have dri- stage at Symphony Hall with the truck- ties. There are numerous composers which the congregation joins. The ven an evolution, organizing those load of sophisticated valuable instru- who provided music for church music is very easy, with both German manipulated overtones into time—we ments. A vast pile of lumber and metal; choirs, and their quality of writing and English versions for performance. call it rhythm—in unbelievably complex a vibrant, breathing work of art, imitat- exceeds many of the current “easy” Choral scores (97-3088) and instru- structures. There is more going on in ing, supplementing, altering, and coun- cantatas of today. Schütz certainly has mental parts (97-6186) also are avail- five measures of a Brahms symphony teracting the work of nature. I provided a wealth of settings that can able from the publisher.
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14 THE DIAPASON Lord, Thou hast been our refuge, best. Edited by Fiora Contino, the Psalm 100, Johann Vierdanck William Boyce (1711–1779). SATB, Latin is for performance with the (1605–1646). SATB, two violins, and Book Reviews alto and tenor soloists, and orches- translation in English above the score. continuo, Concordia Publishing tra. Oxford University Press, $6.00 The primary areas are for the histori- House, 97-5726, $5.50 (M). choral score (M+). cus (narrator), Jepthe, Filia, and the Vierdanck is generally unknown, but Handel and the English Chapel The 30-minute anthem/cantata has chorus. Ornamentation suggestions are he was a pupil of Schütz and enjoyed Royal, by Donald Burrows. New eight movements of which three are for given, and the continuo parts, which limited recognition in his lifetime. The York: Oxford University Press, choir; the others are solo recitatives may include organ, harpsichord, cello choral score contains the two violin 2005, xxiv + 651 pages, $165; and arias. Full score and instrumental and double bass, are available from the parts above the choral lines. Instrumen- . parts are on hire from the publisher. publisher. The drama in this may seem tal parts are available separately (97- The English Chapel Royal was an This work could be performed with somewhat dry to today’s listeners, but 5727). The music, with English and institution—singers, organists, and just the continuo of cello, double bass, its place in history is very important. German texts, is contrapuntal through- composers—that constituted a major bassoon, and organ. The full orchestra The middle Baroque music is not diffi- out with almost no homophonic sec- aspect of musical activity at the royal requires strings, two flutes, and three cult except for the ornamentation. tions. The violins play mostly obbligato court in the early years of the eigh- oboes. Some choral sections have busy lines, but have music for most of the teenth century. It provided the focus of melismatic passages set in a mixture of Missa in illo tempore, Claudio Mon- Psalm. The choral parts are relatively musical events that served the needs of polyphonic and homophonic passages. teverdi (1567–1643). SSATTB with easy; this would be useful for most the court, including daily services, for- The instrumental music is always basso continuo ad libitum, Carus- church choirs. mal balls, installations of knights, accompanimental. Verlag, 40-670/01, full score €25.50, monarch’s birthdays, and other politi- choral score €8.60 (D). Laudate Pueri, Francesco Durante cal or national events and state occa- Cor Meum et Caro, Jean-Philippe This outstanding scholarly edition (1684–1755). SATB and string sions. It is believed that George Frid- Rameau (1683–1764). SSATBB and by Jeffrey Kurtzman probably is ensemble, Cantus Press (Division of eric Handel (1685–1759) had com- keyboard or with orchestra, Nation- beyond most church choirs in terms of Triune Music, Inc.), TCSO 102, mand of the largest combined per- al Music Publishers, NMP-392, difficulty, and will require an accom- $2.50 (M+). forming group of choirs and orchestras $2.20 choral score (distributed by plished choir for performance. This motet setting of Psalm 113 is in Europe. Emerson Music) (M+). Because it was composed with high accompanied by four strings and key- In the Introduction, Donald Bur- A full score (392A) and instrumental clefs (chiavette), it has been edited for board (continuo), and their music is for rows claims that “Handel effected a pasts (392B) are available from the pub- our modern use. The Mass contains sale or rent from the publisher. Both major change in the course of English lisher. This extended single-movement several interesting harmonic and com- Latin and English performance texts are church music, not only through the motet has been edited by Gregory Gen- positional features, especially in terms provided. The music is very busy with grand manner of his orchestrally try; it is contrapuntal, has many long of Monteverdi’s excellent skill in the ornamented lines and numerous choral accompanied chorus movements but melismatic phrases, and moves at a composition and manipulation of melismatic passages. The keyboard part also through the introduction of a more rapid tempo. A Latin text is provided for phrases through augmentation, inver- in the choral score is indicated for modern melodic and harmonic style performance. Challenging but exciting sion, and other devices. The tenors rehearsal only. The closing Gloria Patri that is apparent in his music for music for a solid choir. have high notes, which probably will begins slowly, but then changes to an soloists”(1). Even at the end of his life, require the use of falsetto. energetic “Amen” ending. although now afflicted with blindness, My Song Shall Be Alway, George F. Handel (1685–1757), SATB, SATB soli, and chamber orchestra with organ, Bärenreiter, BA 4292A, choral score €9.95 (M+). Handel’s anthem dates from 1717–18 and is one of three known as Chandos Anthems, taking their name from the estate where they were com- posed. This festive setting has eight movements of which three are for the choir. The chamber orchestra consists of oboe, two violins, and basso contin- uo, making it accessible for church groups. The full score (4292) cost is €16.95, and orchestra parts are €4.95. There are some moderately difficult passages, but in general the music is more difficult for the orchestra and soprano soloist than for the choir. The three choral movements are a mixture of standard Handel block chorus in contrast with busy contrapuntal lines. The last movement is a short but ener- getic “alleluia.” Excellent edition of a quality work. O Come Let Us Sing, George F. Handel. SATB, soprano and tenor soli, and chamber orchestra with organ. Bärenreiter, BA 4293, choral score €14.95 (M+). This, another Chandos Anthem, is a setting of Psalm 95 in nine movements; the opening is an extensive instrumen- tal movement. Four movements are for choir; the music is not difficult. How- ever, the solo movements will require excellent singers and the addition of two recorders. This is typical Han- delian style. Full score and instrumen- tal parts are available from Bärenreiter. Magnificat in B-flat, Johann Pachelbel (1653–1706). SSATB, SSATB soli, 2 oboes, 2 violins, 3 viols (modern substitutions possi- ble), and continuo with organ, Mark Foster, MF 2103, choral score $5.95 (M+). Pachelbel composed 13 different Magnificats; this one, from his mature period, does not indicate divisions as movements, although each of the verses receive individual treatment such as by tempo, performer, etc. The Gloria Patri begins as a slow tenor solo and develops into a highly animated choral ending. Both Latin and English versions are included for performance. Historia di Jepthe, Giacomo Caris- simi (1605–1674). SSATTB, SATB soli and continuo, Roger Dean Publishing Company, CMC-107, $4.50 (M). Subtitled Latin Oratorio, of which Carissimi wrote 16, this one is consid- ered by most musicologists to be his
NOVEMBER, 2006 15 Handel played organ concertos in his The concluding chapter discusses the performance of the complete œuvre, oratorios. Although his performances Chapel’s choral resources and Handel’s New Recordings typically arranged chorale preludes in an of church music were not as extensive music, including matters of the voices, arbitrary or alphabetical order. as his work in the theater, these activi- The Chapel Royal and the Court odes, In July 1975 Anton Heiller performed ties were a prominent part of Handel’s pitch, and arrangements for rehearsals Johann Sebastian Bach, Orgelmesse. the complete Clavier Übung, Part III creative life. and performances. Thomanerchor Leipzig, Thomaskan- with two students (Elly Kooiman and The major events of Handel’s musi- Nine appendices conclude the book: tor Georg Christoph Biller, and Monika Henking) on the three Mar- cal life are documented in nineteen Handel’s English Church Music (dates, Thomasorganist, Ullrich Böhme. cussen organs at St. Laurenskerk in Rot- chapters of this comprehensive exposi- titles, scoring, place of performance); Dritter Theil der Clavier Übung terdam as part of the International tion. Part I: History and Repertory, Membership of the Choirs of the (1739) with Bach’s four-part chorale Academy held at St. Bavo’s Kerk, Haar- consists of fourteen chronologically Chapel Royal; Handel’s Chapel Royal settings sung by the Thomanerchor. lem. In his Bach course there as well as ordered chapters that deal with rela- Soloists; The British Royal Family, New Bach Organ (Woehl, 2000) at in masterclasses in the U.S., Heiller tively specialized topics. A partial topic 1702–1760; Thanksgiving Services dur- St. Thomas, Leipzig. Rondeau Pro- made a profound impression on many list includes the Chapel Royal before ing Queen Anne’s Reign; Special Ser- ductions ROP4017/18, 2005. with his highly spiritual understanding of Handel’s arrival in England: Sympho- vices during the Reign of King George 2 CDs, €19.95. this summa musica by highlighting the ny Anthems and Thanksgivings; the I; Newspaper Reports Relating to During his Leipzig years, Bach pub- symbolism and numerology he found in English Verse Anthem (including a Chapel Royal Services in 1720 and lished four volumes entitled Clavier Bach’s writing. setting of As pants the hart, c. 1712); 1721; Chapel Royal Services Involving Übung or “Keyboard Exercise,” a title Today, when it is fashionable to per- his music for the Peace of Utrecht, Orchestral Accompaniment during the first used by his predecessor at St. form complete cycles and as a witness to 1713; and Chapel Royal music for the Reign of King George II; Documents Thomas, Johann Kuhnau. “In their the popularity of this work among first period, 1712–1714, and for the from the Lord Chamberlain’s Records comprehensive presentation of the var- organists, there is a plethora of record- second period, 1722–1726. Handel Relating to Handel and the Chapel ious styles, forms and compositional ings by outstanding performers, most had been swept away from the Chapel Royal (services in the 1720s, a corona- techniques of the age, the four parts of available through the OHS, including Royal in the waves of political, social, tion, three weddings, a funeral, and the Clavier Übung also represent an Gillian Weir, James Kibbie, Joan Lip- and domestic pressures after 1714, but other works). important historical document and pincott, Carl Staplin, Robert Clark, he was re-established in 1720. Other The accompanying five illustrations have long served as study material for Wolfgang Rübsam, Christopher Her- more specialized chapter topics deal are all from seventeenth- and eigh- young composers and performers.” rick, Helmut Walcha, Peter Hurford, with a new version of As pants the teenth-century sources: chapel and (Brochure, p. 13) Bach himself saw to it Haig Mardirosian, and Masaaki Suzuki. hart; Handel’s oratorios; Princess cathedral interiors (one showing an that all four parts of his Clavier Übung Only the Staplin and Suzuki recordings Anne’s Wedding Anthem, 1733–1734; organ structure), reproductions of docu- were published, indicating their impor- include the singing of the chorales anthems for royal family occasions ments, and a particularly detailed draw- tance to him. before the preludes. such as weddings and funerals; com- ing of the wedding of Princess Anne and The Clavier Übung, Part III is com- But this exceptional version by Ullrich memorations of war and peace in the the Prince of Orange in St. James’s monly also known as the Orgelmesse Böhme, organist of St. Thomas, Leipzig, 1740s. The concluding Epilogue Palace, 1733–34. (Organ Mass), because its first nine sets itself apart from other recordings for reviews the importance of the Chapel The concluding pages present a list of chorale preludes are based on the a number of reasons. We know that con- Royal both as a challenge and a stimu- Editions of Handel’s Music, and a Gen- chorales of the German Kyrie and Glo- text influences performance. Böhme has lant to Handel’s musical creativity, a eral Bibliography of 311 titles, including ria for a Missa Brevis: Kyrie Gott Vater had the good fortune of serving as topic that had been discussed in pre- 22 articles by Burrows. in Ewigkeit and Allein Gott in der Höh Thomasorganist since 1985, playing the ceding chapters. The great amount and density of sei Ehr. works of Bach in Bach’s church, steeped The relatively short Part II: Institu- information in this exceptionally metic- While the word “clavier” was the as it is in worship with Lutheran chorales tions, Resources, and Venues, discusses ulous and detailed book precludes a common denominator for all keyboard and Bach cantatas week after week, year the London choirs, particularly the precise summary in this short review. instruments of the time, it is significant after year. That experience cannot but Chapel Royal (gentlemen, children of Nevertheless, the diligent reader can that Part III was Bach’s first published have a profound, singular impact on the the Chapel, organists and composers, assimilate this diverse material to anthology for the organ, perhaps performer and an immense effect on the other instrumentalists), and orchestral achieve a broad understanding of the intended for release in time for the music. You might call it “Bach immer- accompaniment. Special sections deal topic and the significant events in the Reformation bicentennial in Leipzig, sion,” and in fact this recording is with Westminster Abbey, St. Paul’s period under discussion. The breadth inaugurated by Luther’s preaching at Böhme playing at his best—demonstrat- Cathedral, and St. George’s Chapel at and precision of the overall presentation the Pentecost Vespers of 1539. ing a creative, imaginative, and bold Windsor. A single chapter consists of a may serve as a model for similar studies In contrast to the other parts of the spirit that wholly grasps Bach while description of the buildings in which of other similar historical topics. Clavier Übung, Part III was dedicated inspiring aficionados and novice listen- Handel performed his Chapel Royal —James B. Hartman not only to the “amateurs” (those who ers alike. music; these include detailed histories The University of Manitoba love the organ), but also to experts in The work is performed on the New of the organs and their specifications. Winnipeg, MB, Canada performing and composing for the Bach Organ (2000) built by Gerald organ. “Third Part of the Clavier Exer- Woehl of Marburg and based on a 60- cise consisting of Diverse Preludes on stop specification that was designed by the Catechism and other Hymns for the Bach’s uncle, Johann Christoph, for St. Organ; composed for Lovers and partic- George’s Church, Eisenach, where he ularly Connoisseurs of such work, for to was City Organist. This was the organ Delight their Senses . . .” Interestingly of Bach’s youth that influenced Bach in this epitome of Bach’s compositional his formative years and shaped his skill was not intended to be played in tonal expectations for the organs he church services—an observation that inspected later in life. In 2000 when will surprise many! this New Bach Organ was dedicated, The first documented performance of Böhme made an impressive inaugural the Clavier Übung, Part III took place in recording with Querstand (VKJK 1930 when Hermann Keller performed 0120), available from the OHS, Die the Prelude and Fugue with a selection neue Bach-Orgel der Thomaskirche zu of the large and small settings at the 18th Leipzig. It is a must for Bach connois- Bachfest at St. Nicholas Church in seurs with an all-Bach repertoire by J. Leipzig. Fritz Heitmann, however, is S., his uncle and son. believed to be the first to perform the One illuminating aspect of Böhme’s whole work at the Kaiser-Wilhelm- playing is his registrations, which reflect Gedächtniskirche (Kaiser William a Middle German aesthetic, varying in Memorial Church) in Berlin—initially significant respects from the North Ger- without the Duets, but then in 1939 in man style with which many are more the first complete performance with the familiar. It is instructive because these Duets. Other concerts of Bach’s works, sounds may indeed indicate the novel, including Dupré’s historic 1921 Paris individualistic approach for which Bach Robert I. Coulter Organbuilder Atlanta, GA 404.931.3103 Coulterorgans.com
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16 THE DIAPASON himself was known in registering the 8v Hautbois Vogell Geschrey (‘Bird Call’) splashy Toccata and Fugue in D minor organ. Plenums are sometimes “spiced Glockenspiel Choir pitch (ca. 465 Hertz) (BWV 565). Chamber coupler for the whole organ up” with the inclusion of a Tierce or Unterwerk (Echo) IV This tour de force was once Sesquialtera, with or without a Trum- 16v Barem shunned—unworthy of Bach and often pet, for example, in the grand ostinato 8v Still Gedackt Ullrich Böhme on the Bach Organ dubbed a “Halloween thriller,” but the fugue Wir glauben. 8v Quintaden in the St. Thomas Church, Leipzig. fact is that Bach once upon a time was a There is also frequent doubling of 8v 4v Principal “Der junge Bach/The Young Bach.” kid, a young man (dare we say?) and stops, typical of the late Baroque and 4v Nachthorn Querstand VKJK0423, 2005, 71:06 didn’t just suddenly start producing Middle Germany, whereas North Ger- 4v Spitzflöth minutes, €18.00, masterpieces. The genius of a composer man practice may use only one 8v. 3v Spitzquint . or performer may be inherent, but it Already in the first chorale prelude on 2v Oktav Präludium und Fuge C-Dur, BWV also must be nurtured and developed, 2v Schweizerflöth Kyrie, Gott Vater the listener hears a 1 531; Wie schön leuchtet der Morgen- unlike the Greek goddess Athena who 1 ⁄2v Rauschquint rich 8v accompaniment, but does not 1v Superoctävlein stern, BWV 739; Herr Jesu Christ, dich according to myth sprang out of Zeus’s initially perceive that in fact Böhme is III Cymbel zu uns wend, BWV 726; Vater unser im head fully developed and singing a song! combining the 8v Principal with the 8v 8v Regal Himmelreich, BWV 737; Allein Gott in These days the toccata and its fugue in Gedackt and the 8v Vox Humana—a der Höh sei Ehr, BWV 715; Christ lag in D minor are back “in” and played fre- subtle nuance and enhancement, that Pedal Todes Banden, BWV 718; Präludium quently in concerts by Germany’s best one might regard as French, but indeed 32v Grosser Untersatz und Fuge c-Moll, BWV 549; Fantasia c- performers, including here. appears in numerous guises throughout 16v Principal Moll, BWV 1121; Fuge g-Moll, BWV For some “The Young Bach” will 16v Violon the interpretation. 16v Sub Bass 578; Canzona d-Moll, BWV 588; bring to mind Harald Vogel’s recording In addition to the 21 organ chorale 8v Octav Präludium und Fuge g-Moll, BWV 535; with the same title (Loft LRCD-1009) preludes, this recording includes the 8v Gedackt Partite diverse sopra “O Gott, du from- on the Brombaugh organ at Central eight vocal chorales on which those pre- 8v Quintaden mer Gott,” BWV 767; Toccata und Fuge Lutheran in Eugene, Oregon, in which ludes are based, sung in a superb, sub- 4v Superoctav d-Moll, BWV 565. he made a persuasive case for the Eight lime style by the Thomanerchor, whose 1v Bauerflöth Performances and recordings of Little Preludes and Fugues, BWV history traces from the 13th century VI Mixtur works from Bach’s mature period tend 553–560, also once despised and reject- through Bach to the modern era, main- 32v Posaun Bass to feature the great Preludes and ed. Vogel, like Böhme, included the 16v Posaun Bass taining a vital, authentic link with the 8v Trombet Fugues, the Leipzig Eighteen, and, yes, Prelude and Fugue in C Major, BWV chorale singing tradition. The settings II Cornet the Clavier Übung, Part III. They would 531, and the Partite diverse sopra: “O are taken from the Sammlung Joh. Seb. seem to provide the greatest artistic Gott, du frommer Gott,” BWV 767. Bachs vierstimmige Choralegesänge, Oberwerk/Hauptwerk (III–II) challenge and audience admiration, if But Böhme expands Bach’s early Teil I–IV, Leipzig 1784–1787, published Unterwerk/Hauptwerk (IV–II) not satisfaction. But let us not forget our œuvre in quite a different direction by by Bach’s son, Carl Philipp Emanuel Hauptwerk/Pedal youth—or Bach’s! While young, one including a number of important pre- and Johann Philipp Kirnberger, current- Oberwerk/Pedal might dream of mastering the “Wedge,” ludes and fugues—C major, C minor, G ly available through Breitkopf & Härtel 2 Tremulants: Oberwerk and whole organ but in fact gets great satisfaction in daz- minor and the D minor—all of which and known here in the 1986 Riemen- 2 Zimbelsterns zling the ego and hearers alike with a demonstrate the vigor and vitality of the schneider edition of “371 Harmonized Chorales” published by G. Schirmer— both, however, without the chorale texts. Because Woehl’s New Bach Organ is tuned to “choir pitch” (Chorton) ca. 465 Friendship Missionary Hz, common in Bach’s time but a half- step higher than today’s standard 440 Hz, the challenge for the Thomaner- Baptist chor was to sing the chorales as much as a third higher than originally written— under the direction of Thomascantor Church Biller the results seem effortless and transcendent. The brochure accompanying the CD takes a musicological approach to under- standing Bach’s work and provides an Charlotte, extensive, most informative background both in German and idiomatic English North with detailed sections on the four parts of the Clavier Übung, the organ Carolina chorales, the history of Part III, and how the collection is structured. Indeed there are insights to be had for everyone. St. Thomas Church, the Thomaner- chor, and especially the Thomasorgan- ist, Ullrich Böhme, can be particularly Five manuals proud of this recording in having brought Bach’s sine qua non, the 2006 Clavier Übung, Part III, to vibrant life with a stellar virtuosity of spirit, hands and feet. Soli Deo Gloria. —Joel H. Kuznik
New Bach Organ Brustwerk I 8v Groß Gedackt www.ruffatti.com 4v Klein Gedackt 2v Principal for dedication information and specifications II Super Gemsshörnlein II Quint-Sexta 1v Sieflit Hauptwerk II 16v Bordun 8v Principal 8v Violdagamba 8v Rohrflöth 6v Quinta 4v Octav 3v Nassatquint The Rev. Dr. Clifford A. Jones, Sr. 2v Superoctav Senior Minister 2v Queerflöth III Sesquialtera R. Monty Bennett VI Mixtur Principal Organist III Cymbel 16v Fagott 8v Trumpetta R.A. Daffer Church Organs, Inc. Jessup, Maryland Oberwerk III Consultants 16v Quintaden 8v Principal 8v Gedackt 8v Gemsshorn 8v Flauta doux 4v Octav 4v Hohlflöth 3v Hohlquint 2v Superoctav Distinguished pipe organ builders of Padua, Italy 2v Plockflöth III Sesquialtera Via Facciolati, 166 • 35126 Padua, Italy • organs @ruffatti.com IV Scharff Telephone (39-049) 750-666 • Telefax (39-049) 850-483 • In the United States: 330-867-4370 8v Vox Humana
NOVEMBER, 2006 17 young red-blooded virtuoso that Bach Bible. But this fascinating brochure pro- the Allegro movement of the Vivaldi A- was. These early works are not for the vides commentary that piques one’s Minor Concerto. My only carp would be faint-hearted, but for those with a bold curiosity. What work has survived as that there is a tendency occasionally to and restless energy, and for those who probably the earliest work Bach himself charge into a cadence where a tad of CHANGE IS INEVITABLE. have practiced their scales! Böhme meticulously wrote in his own hand? relaxation would help, as at the conclu- delivers these improvisatory flourishes Answer: Wie schön leuchtet der Morgen- sion of Ach bleib bei uns and the ending with flashes of compelling brilliance and stern (BWV 739). What do you know of the Prelude in C Major (BWV 547). emphatic verve, reminding one just how about the “Moeller Manuscript” or the The “Summit” from Timpanagos Suite GROWTH IS OPTIONAL. stunning a performer Bach was. That “Andreas Bach Book” where the earliest by Crawford Gates is an atmospheric includes his chromatically aggressive set- copies of these early works are found? and lovely piece, dedicated to Marsha ting of the German Gloria in excelsis, Which one is a source for understanding Foxgrover, which should be better { “Allein Gott in der Höh sei Ehr,” which Bach’s Italian influence? Did you know known. I thoroughly enjoyed Dupré’s must have stunned the congregation. that the Fantasia in C Minor, BWV Variations on a Noël, which is very musi- One can only image their consternation 1121, came down in tabulature notation cal throughout; this performer is not ARTISTRY IS CRITICAL. in trying to sing to this complex Reger- and was only authenticated in 1982? hampered by technical limitations. A like harmonization. What difference would that make in rousing playing of “Go, tell it on the All the works recorded here are one’s approach? mountain” from Dan Locklair’s A Spiri- { drawn from Bach’s early employment as The brochure provides these and tual Pair is a high point in this recording. organist (1703–1717) in Arnstadt many more insights for both the student (1703–07), Mühlhausen (1707–08), and and the professional, including verifica- Music for the Organ and Cello. Todd at the Weimar court (1708–17). The tion of the Toccata and Fugue in D Wilson, organ; Rachel Wilson, vio- INTEGRITY AND AN INFORMED accompanying brochure provides an Minor (BWV 565). This in itself would loncello. 1921 Skinner Organ (65 interesting review of Bach’s musical and be worth the investment. But where the ranks), the Parish Church of Saint POINT OF VIEW,SINCE 1917 personal growth as well as the conflicts performer/listener really benefits is from Luke, Evanston, Illinois. JAV 140, that he had. Böhme’s stellar, perceptive playing, $20.00, . In Arnstadt he showed “it was hard for which has a sense of authority and con- This production’s really well-done 24- { him to reconcile his artistic ambitions viction—with registrations that are page booklet notes that Rachel Wilson is with his official duties,” refusing to work instructive both in their historical-cul- Todd’s daughter and she was only 16 with the “New Church” pupils choir tural character and creative imagination. years old at the time of recording. A because it wasn’t part of his contract. In This elegantly produced Querstand bright future awaits the young lady. Six Mühlhausen he wanted “out” in less CD package with its excellent audio of the 14 compositions are for cello and than a year “mainly because of the poor includes Böhme’s registrations and the organ—some adapted. A highlight of musical conditions.” In Weimar he stoplist of the New Bach Organ at St. these is Dupré’s final work for chamber served as a chamber musician and Thomas Church, Leipzig, built by Ger- music, the Sonata for Organ and Cello, organist at the court, but also considered ald Woehl and played on the 250th op. 60. Balance between the instruments a position at Halle, then declined—all anniversary of Bach’s death. It is, in a is exemplary. Messiaen’s “Louange” the while establishing himself as expert sense, a copy of the organ from Bach’s (Quartet for the End of Time) probably organ consultant and as a virtuoso youth that was designed by his uncle, comes off better using this elegant organ through his concerts, including a “spec- Johann Christoph (1642–1703), for the than it did with the prison camp piano tacular performance in Dresden.” But Georgenkirche (St. George’s Church) in where Messiaen was interned during the Weimar period “ended on a shrill Eisenach, where Johann was baptized World War II. Schumann’s Canon in B finale: probably due to his involvement and spent his early years. It is intended Minor is not as successful with cello as Reuter Organ Co. in political conflicts at the court.” He was to represent an ideal instrument, typical for organ alone. convicted and under arrest for four of the period and region, for performing Two compositions of Saint-Saëns are 1220 Timberedge Road weeks. (Brochure, pp. 23–25) All this job Bach’s works. featured, both written when the com- Lawrence, KS 66049 turmoil during which he wrote mar- Böhme was responsible for having poser was in his eighties: a Prière for velous music puts a human face on the The New Bach Organ built and knows it cello and organ, and the “Allegro Gio- 785/843-2622 man and may strike a familiar note to intimately. This is reflected in his con- coso” from his Seven Improvisations, op. www.reuterorgan.com some—except, of course, the jail time. vincing use of the instrument, which also 150. This splendid recording concludes Meanwhile Bach’s growing genius was displays his comprehensive grasp of with the Lemare Carmen Fantasy well known very early in his career. these works, so evident in his perfor- arrangement of Bizet’s opera music. It is According to Forkel he received a num- mances. Throughout this true Bach full of color, bombast, and fun! Kudos to ber of job offers, but Bach’s overriding aural experience Böhme’s playing father and daughter. focus “was to achieve artistic and techni- breathes a confident realization of the cal perfection as an organist and as a music’s intent. This is Bach, as one Chicago Concert. Kalevi Kiviniemi, cembalist.” (p. 26) His early works con- might not only imagine, but should be organ, Rockefeller Memorial centrated on compositions for organ and thrilled to hear—young, old or in Chapel, Chicago, Illinois. E. M. keyboard, and before 1714 he composed between! Yes, this “young” Bach will Skinner Organ, 1928, considerably vocal music only for special occasions. rejuvenate old hands and renew their altered tonally. Motette CD 12361. The obituary written only years after strength like the wings of an eagle. Available from the Organ Historical Bach’s death by his son Carl Philipp “Der junge Bach/The Young Bach” is Society ($14.98), 804/353-9226, Emanuel and one of his students, the first of three Böhme releases by . Johann Friedrich Agricola, describes his Querstand. Part II will be the Orgel- Sibelius, Finlandia; Bonnet, 2nd Leg- initial creative period. “Here [in Arn- büchlein, and Part III will present later ende, op. 7/10, Caprice Heroique, op. stadt] he showed the first fruits of his works. One awaits these as eagerly as a 7/12; Dupré, Magnificat, op. 18/10, labor, the art of playing the organ and of child on tiptoe and with ears wide open! Antiphon, op. 18/3, Crucifixion, op. composing, which he acquired mainly by —Joel H. Kuznik 23/5; Pierné, Prélude, op. 29/1; Widor, LUC LADURANTAYE analyzing the works of famous contem- Andante sostenuto, op. 70/2; Saint- porary and industrious composers and Saëns, Prélude, op. 99; Sallinen, Cha- TUYAUTIER INC. by his own contemplation of their work. Barber’s Adagio: A Concert of conne; Kiviniemi, Improvisation; Organ pipes custom-made As far as the art of organ music is con- Organ Classics. Marsha Foxgrover, Kokkonen, Lux aeterna; Kankanen, The to your specifications cerned, he chose the works of Bruhns, organist, at the 1992 Schantz organ Moonlight. Reinken and Buxtehude and those of (55 ranks) in the College Church, This recording by Finnish organist Since 1997 some good French organists as his exam- Wheaton, Illinois. Batavia CD-2001. Kalevi Kiviniemi is worth buying for the ple.” (p. 26) Bach, Allegro (Vivaldi Concerto in a unusual repertoire played in a virtuoso Luc Ladurantaye, AIO member How informative and what a helpful minor), Kommst du nun, Jesu, Ach bleib manner. About half of the disc is taken reminder of who were Bach’s models! bei uns, Prelude and Fugue in C Major; up by composers such as Aulis Sallinen 2, chemin Dubois Armed with this background informa- Gates, “Summit” (Timpanogos Suite); (a beautiful Chaconne), Kiviniemi him- Lac-Saguay (Québec) J0W 1L0 tion, plus the revelations that Böhme Sowerby, Prelude on Were you There?; self with a rousing improvisation, Joonas Canada shares about the music and their manu- Dupré, Variations on a Noël; Barber, Kokkonen, and Aimo Kankanen. All Telephone: 819 278-0830 script history, one can proceed with a Adagio for Strings; Widor, Intermezzo were born in the 1920s or later. Fax: 819 278-0831 far more knowledgeable, insightful (Symphony 6); Locklair, “Go, tell it on There are no notes about the music. I e-mail: [email protected] understanding and performance of the mountain” (A Spiritual Pair); Fox- would guess that the final arrangement these early works. grover, Prelude on “Thy Holy Wings.” of Sibelius’s Finlandia may be by Most of us may buy a volume of Ms. Foxgrover is a performer of style Kiviniemi, but there are shades of Bach’s compositions without a thought and ability. Four of the eleven pieces on Edwin H. Lemare! Very exciting. First about their manuscript history, much in this estimable CD are familiar works of rate by any standard. David Petty & Associates the same way we read a translation of the Bach, beginning with a robust playing of —Charles Huddleston Heaton Organbuilders
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18 THE DIAPASON Mozart Requiem in d, K. 626. La which is an inversion of the theme of ble, and the composition develops logi- Chapelle de Québec, Les Violons du the opening bars of the Introit) to the New Organ Music cally. Dissonance is pervasive, but not Roy, Bernard Labadie, conductor. end of the Lacrimosa. abrasively harsh. Apart from Variation 5, Dorian DOR-90310; TT 52:55; Maunder leaves out the Sanctus, which is imitative, the textures are . Hosanna and Benedictus, although Ruth Watson Henderson, Chromatic chordal or pseudo-contrapuntal. There Mozart’s Requiem is a work we never Süssmayr based these movements upon Partita, Randall M. Egan, Publisher is no use of canon, trio sonata texture, or really will have. Unlike his Great Mass Mozart’s own sketches, for the reason of Music, Ltd., $6.50. fugue. There are, however, the usual in c minor, K. 427, of 1782, it is among that Maunder questions whether these Ruth Watson Henderson (born 1932), rhythmic and tone color changes from those unfinished works (in this case sketches had anything to do with the Canadian pianist, composer, and organist, variation to variation. unfinished because of Mozart’s untime- composition of this Requiem. (Howev- composed six organ works: Chromatic The influence of others’ styles may be ly death) that will remain an enigma for er, other musicologists speculate that Partita (1989), Toccata on “Westminster sensed occasionally. For example, all time. Mozart had almost completed Mozart may have played or sung some Abbey” (1992), Meditation on “Herzlieb- Langlais may be heard in the texture the Introit and Kyrie and also the vocal parts, which may never have been ster Jesu” (1992), Trumpet Voluntary: and harmony of Variations 1 and 3, and parts and bass line for the Sequentia reduced to Mozart’s holograph, to Processional for Anne-Marie (1993), the particular reed coloring, rhythms, and the Offertorium. What had yet to Süssmayr.) Variations on “Ode to Newfoundland” and texture of Variation 4 are in the be fleshed out were the instrumental On the whole, Maunder’s realization (1997), and Toccata and Fugue in Memo- manner of Dupré. Furthermore, in the parts for these last two sections and the lacks a certain weightiness because he ry of Gerald Bales (2004). ethereal Variation 6, the juxtaposition of composition of the remaining move- omits much of the wind parts and the After writing Theme, Variations and opposing tonalities and textures, the ments of this requiem mass. trumpets and timpani from the Kyrie Fugue for Winds, Brass and Percussion pedal solo, and registration are similar Determined that this work should be fugue and the Confutatis, reasoning that early in 1989, the composer felt that she to Messiaen’s, while in Variation 8, a finished so she would not have to return the trumpet and timpani lines, although wanted to write more variations on the flamboyant motoric toccata, the chop- the commission payment, and after hav- present in the monograph, are left blank same idea for a different instrument. stick chords for alternating hands, ing been turned down by several musi- by Mozart. (In all probability, Mozart The result was the eight-minute recital added nonharmonic notes, and fond- cians, Mozart’s widow received agree- just hadn’t gotten to those lines by the piece Chromatic Partita, which calls for ness for cross relations are all character- ment from Franz Xaver Süssmayr to time he died.) The best performance of a three-manual neo-classic instrument, istic of Leighton. undertake the daunting task of the the Maunder edition is that conducted with no division under expression. Technically advanced organists might requiem’s completion. Süssmayr, who by Christopher Hogwood. Although technically moderately diffi- well consider including Chromatic Par- was sometimes employed by Mozart as Duncan Druce made an attempt to cult, the note patterns lie comfortably tita in their recitals. a composer and collaborator, was a complete Mozart’s Requiem from only under the fingers and feet. —Peter Hardwick composition student of Mozart’s at the Mozart’s sketches, without reference to The work is based on the opening sec- Minesing, Canada time of Mozart’s death. After Mozart any of Süssmayr’s material. Druce has a tion, entitled Chorale, a 16-bar progres- died, Süssmayr took instruction in vocal reputation for composing string quar- sion of chromatic harmonies. Through- music composition from Salieri. (One tets in the style of Mozart, so he seems out the composition, Henderson can query, therefore, whether Salieri to be a good choice to produce a con- explores the idea of using alternating New Handbell Music may have had a hand in helping Süss- vincing edition of this problematic major and minor chords to harmonize mayr complete Mozart’s Requiem!) work. His alterations include an phrases consisting mostly of descending Armed with various scraps and sketch- appending of the Amen fugue to the chromatic scales, with the minor triad in Near the Cross, arranged by Brian es Mozart had left, Süssmayr did a cred- Lacrimosa, which he has composed root position followed by a major triad in Childers, for 3 octaves of handbells. ible job, which has been the mainstay anew after bar 8 (where Mozart’s man- second inversion. The tones of the chro- GIA Publications, G-6276, $3.95 performing version for almost 200 years. uscript ends); a re-composition of the matic scale are always present in the (E+). The Süssmayr version, however, is not Benedictus, which is so Mozartian that music, but move around from voice to Given some creative intro and inter- without its critics. It contains altered it is perhaps the most remarkable voice within some of the chords, and lude material and the intermittent use notes in some of the choruses and movement in this edition; and a new sometimes rise rather than descend. In of the tune Holcomb, this old gem flows includes some non-Mozartian and/or introduction to the Lux Aeterna. The the first phrase of the Chorale, the chro- in a peaceful setting that is fitting for the problematic phrases. hallmark of this edition is Druce’s matic scale heard is G F-sharp F E E-flat text most of us have known from child- In recent times, along with a discovery “ambitious re-composition” in the style D D-flat C; the second phrase is based hood. The optional use of handchimes in the 1960s of Mozart’s sketch of a draft of Mozart. A good representative of the on the descending semitones from C- would certainly enhance the arrange- for a Rex Tremendae and an Amen Druce edition is the performance by sharp to F-sharp (missing the A-flat); the ment, and with careful attention to the fugue, musicologists, with varying suc- Roger Norrington and the London third phrase rises by semitones from F to dynamics of the piece the middle forte cess, have produced several editions in Classical Players. C, and the last phrase descends from A- section can be very effective. This is a an attempt to emend Süssmayr’s good Next to Süssmayr’s standard edition flat to C. piece that almost any choir could man- intentions. A brief review of the high- (which is well-represented on recordings The relationship of the Chorale with age. It is highly recommended. lights of each of the important editions conducted by Marriner, Böhm or Solti), the eight variations that follow is audi- —Leon Nelson (a short list and not a complete list) Robert D. Levin’s edition is the most might be instructive. widely recorded, and, perhaps, the most Franz Beyer’s edition is one of the musicologically sound. It includes the First Presbyterian Church less extreme ones, merely attempting to Amen fugue and a new Hosanna based improve Süssmayr’s edition by making it on Mozart’s Great Mass in c. In Levin’s A L B E M A R L E , N O R T H C A R O L I N A more Mozartian. Among his minor own words: alterations is the elimination of the We are pleased to announce the design and construction of a new trumpets and timpani in the Confutatis. Mozart’s unfinished Requiem presents a mechanical action pipe organ for First Presbyterian Church of Albemarle, Nikolaus Harnoncourt conducting the breathtaking tableau of Baroque and Clas- Concentus Musicus Wien performing sical style. The present completion seeks a North Carolina. With stylistically idiomatic restoration that fully on “authentic” instruments and the respects its 200-year history. All of its 26 stops over two Arnold Schoenberg Choir, on Deutsche changes seek to emphasize the spiritual manuals and pedal, the Harmonia Mundi, is one of the best and dramatic power of Mozart’s fragment recorded versions of any edition of this by placing it in a more focused light. As organ will be played work. This reviewer also likes the more inadequate as such attempts must be, it is from a detached two- “romantic” 1989 concert recording with hoped that it will serve Mozart’s spirit manual console with Leonard Bernstein conducting. while honoring his craftsmanship. Realizing that Mozart had completed terraced stopjambs. only the Introit and Offertorium, the The subject of this review is a record- Currently under vocal parts and bass line of the Kyrie ing of a live performance that took place construction in our and only part of the Sequentia; that the on September 20, 2001, in Troy, New Sanctus, Benedictus and Agnus Dei York, as part of the 105th season of the workshops, the seem to be composed, based upon Troy Chromatic Concerts, with soloists instrument will be Mozart’s sketches, by Süssmayr; and Karina Gauvin, soprano; Marie-Nichole completed during the that the Communio is a recycling of the Lemieux, contralto; John Tessier, tenor; Introit and Kyrie music but with differ- Nathan Berg, bass baritone. It is a fine first quarter of 2007. ent text, Richard Maunder theorized realization of Levin’s completion and that this Requiem would, in all proba- very well performed, but is less emotion- GREAT: SWELL: PEDAL: bility, have had at least as many move- al (which isn’t to say better or worse) Bourdon ...... 16’ Stopped Diapason ...... 8’ Subbass ...... 16’ ments as the traditional Catholic than Harnoncourt’s reading of the Beyer Open Diapason ...... 8’ Viola di Gamba ...... 8’ Bourdon (GT) ...... 16’ Requiem Mass, but maybe not those edition. That by Sir Charles Mackerras Chimney Flute ...... 8’ Voix Celeste ...... 8’ Principal ...... 8’ movements that Süssmayr chose. But conducting the Scottish Chamber Salicional ...... 8’ Harmonic Flute ...... 4’ Flute ...... 8’ which movements Mozart himself Orchestra is the other preferred record- Principal ...... 4’ Piccolo ...... 2’ Choral Bass ...... 4’ would have composed will unfortunate- ing of the Levin edition. Open Flute ...... 4’ Mixture ...... III-IV Trombone ...... 16’ ly never be known. Further, it is highly The included booklet contains Notes Fifteenth ...... 2’ Trumpet ...... 8’ Trumpet ...... 8’ improbable that Mozart would have uti- on the Revision and Completion, written Mixture ...... IV Oboe ...... 8’ Usual unison couplers, plus lized identical music for the first and in 1996 by Robert D. Levin, which dis- Cornet ...... III Tremulants for Great Swell to Great Suboctave. last movements. cusses what material Mozart left, the Trumpet ...... 8’ It is supposed that the recently dis- various editions that have preceded this and Swell divisions. covered Amen fugue was meant to con- one, and Levin’s approach to and details clude the Lacrimosa section of the of his completion (and from which the Orgues Létourneau Limitée Sequentia, because each section of the above quotation is excerpted). Requiem ends with a fugue, and there In the end, if one must choose but a is nothing to indicate that the Sequen- single recorded performance of tia should not conclude that way, too, Mozart’s Requiem, a work we will In the USA: 1220 L Street N.W. In Canada: 16355, avenue Savoie rather than with the two short “Amen” never really ever have in its completed Suite 100 – No. 200 St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2T 3N1 chords appended by Süssmayr. Addi- form as Mozart wrote it, one must start Washington, DC 20005-4018 Telephone: (450) 774-2698 tionally, terminating the Sequentia with the edition one prefers. There is Toll Free: (800) 625-PIPE Fax: (450) 774-3008 with a fugue contributes to the unity of no single best recording that shines Fax: (202) 737-1818 e-mail: [email protected] this work. So Maunder appended a above all others. e-mail: [email protected] www.letourneauorgans.com realization of that recently discovered —Jeffrey K. Chase, M.Mus., J.D. Amen fugue sketch (the subject of Ann Arbor, Michigan
NOVEMBER, 2006 19 Mozart and the Harpsichord: An Alternate Ending for Fantasia in D minor, K. 397 Larry Palmer
ecent DNA tests on a human skull I said I had not, she scolded me roundly preserved at the Salzburg Mozart- for not recording some of my composi- R tions in this most artistic and beautiful of eum have failed to establish that these all musical forms and never ceased to bones were ever part of the great entreat me until I wrote down a fugue for Mozart. My own efforts to “get inside her. So this is its origin. [Translation by the composer’s skull” have been engen- Emily Anderson, in Blom, p. 192.] dered by the question “What was Mozart thinking” when he abandoned A unique bit of courtship, perhaps, the writing of the keyboard Fantasia in but a wonderfully worked out contra- D minor, K. 397 at an unresolved domi- puntal addition to the Mozart keyboard nant seventh chord? literature, and one that works equally Anecdote informs us of this composer well transposed up a step. In D Major it jumping up from a deep sleep in order serves as yet another possibility for a 66- to resolve a dissonance, yet it was with measure extension to Mozart’s Fantaisie an incomplete cadence that his manu- d’Introduction in D minor . . . (See script ended, and it was this document Example 2) that provided a text for the first publica- Should this solution be chosen, tion of the Fantasia in 1804, nearly a Mozart’s advice on the proper tempi for decade and a half after Mozart’s death. fugues is salutary: [Published by the Bureau d’Arts et d’Industrie, Vienna, this earliest print- I have purposely written above it Andante ing was first mentioned in Köchel Cata- maestoso, as it must not be played too fast. log 3 in 1937]. However, only two years For if a fugue is not played slowly, the ear cannot clearly distinguish the theme when later in volume 17 of the “complete it comes in and consequently the effect is works of Mozart” [Leipzig, Breitkopf & entirely missed . . . [From the letter to Härtel] the piece had acquired ten Nannerl, cited above.] additional measures, providing a per- fectly proper “Mozartian” ending, most When I add the transposed Fugue to likely supplied by the incumbent the Fantasia I round it off with the Leipzig Thomaskantor and Mozart afi- return to the original D-minor opening, cionado, August Eberhard Müller. as previously suggested. [Information about these early editions May these pieces be played on a harp- is from Paul Hirsch’s article, cited in sichord? Should they be played on a the Bibliography.] harpsichord? That question has been I have played this particular Mozart argued for decades. Perhaps, yet again, work for more than half a century, first we might allow the composer to weigh on the piano, and, more recently, at the in on this topic. harpsichord. Like every other player, I Writing to his father Leopold, from had always used the standard edition, Vienna, 27 June 1781: not knowing enough to question its total authenticity. But a little knowledge may, We have TWO harpsichords [cembali] in indeed, be liberating (or dangerous), the house where I am lodging, one for and I have enjoyed a quest to craft a galanterie [dance] playing and the other an instrument which is strung with the more individual ending for this favorite lower octave throughout, like one we had work during this anniversary year. in London, and consequently [it] sounds Mozart’s final decade saw both dra- like an organ. So on this one I improvised matic and contrapuntal development in and played fugues. [Anderson, page 748]. the young master’s works. He made the acquaintance of another, older, While many still argue that cembalo is genius—Christoph Willibald von Gluck, Example 1. Opening measures of Fantasia with suggested ending a generic term for keyboard, I think on recently returned to Vienna from stellar the evidence of these 1781 comments operatic successes in Paris. In several from Wolfgang Amadeus himself, we letters, Mozart writes of attending near- may accept that, at least in this specific ly all the rehearsals for the German lan- reference, cembali refers to harpsi- guage premiere of Gluck’s Iphigénie en chords. (We know, further, that the Tauride, during October 1781. Here London instrument played by the nine- was a work of striking novelty and dra- year-old Mozart was made by Burkat matic intensity, beginning immediately Shudi. [Diary of Leopold Mozart, prob- with an arresting Overture that moves ably July 1765; cited in Boalch, p. 174.]) seamlessly from music of classical serenity to the scene-setting storm, and What was Mozart thinking? We on to a most surprising choral interjec- will never know for certain, but we may tion—new music, new dramatic pacing continue to search for clues in the music for opera in Vienna, in a work that he heard and in the music he wrote. As Mozart knew intimately. Rainer Maria Rilke wrote [Letters to a The key of the Fantasia might give Young Poet (1903)]: some indication that a more startling Be patient with all that is unsolved . . . ending should be forthcoming. After all And try to love the questions themselves . . . D minor IS the home key of Mozart’s greatest opera, Don Giovanni [1787]— Bibliography another work of forward-looking musi- Anderson, Emily. The Letters of Mozart and cal invention, including, close to the His Family (London: Macmillan, 1938). end, an absolutely astonishing foretaste Boalch, Donald H. Makers of the Harpsi- of Schoenberg, when all of the twelve chord and Clavichord 1440–1840. Third chromatic pitches occur within six fast- Edition edited by Charles Mould (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995). paced measures during the music of the Blom, Eric. Mozart’s Letters (Baltimore, Statue’s dinner invitation to the dis- Example 2. First four measures of Fugue, K. 394 MD: Penguin Books, 1956). solute Don! [Pointed out to Luigi Dal- Broder, Nathan. “Mozart and the “Clavier” lapiccola by Darius Milhaud. See Dal- in The Creative World of Mozart, edited lapiccola on Opera, page 211.] by Paul Henry Lang (New York: Norton, Leaving off conjecture and specula- 1963), pp. 76–85. tion, fascinating as they are, I turned to Marshall, Robert L. Mozart Speaks (Views Mozart’s additional published keyboard on Music, Musicians, and the World). (New York: Schirmer Books, 1991). fantasias, and noted that the fourth Fan- Hirsch, Paul. “A Mozart Problem,” Music tasia (K. 475) concludes with a return to Of course there are other possibili- . . . My dear [fiancée] Constanze is really and Letters 25 (1944), pp. 209–212. its opening measures. So, why not follow ties! The title of that first publication in the cause of this fugue’s coming into the Dallapiccola, Luigi. Dallapicola on Opera that dominant seventh chord in K. 397 1804 read “Fantaisie d’Introduction.” world. Baron von Swieten, to whom I go [translated and edited by Rudy Shack- with a return to the arpeggiated chords Perhaps Mozart planned to follow his every Sunday, gave me all the works of elford] (London: Toccata Press, 1987). of the beginning? For me, this has fantasy with a fugue, as he did in a sub- Handel and Sebastian Bach to take home Rilke, Rainer Maria, Briefe an einen jungen with me (after I had played them to him). Dichter, quoted in Sandra Rosenblum: proved to be a more satisfying musical sequent composition from this same When Constanze heard the fugues, she solution. One simply follows the A-Major period, the Fantasy and Fugue in C Performance Practices in Classic Piano absolutely fell in love with them. Now she Music (Bloomington: Indiana University dominant seventh chord with a repeti- Major, K. 394. will listen to nothing but fugues, and par- Press, 1991). tion of measures one through eight, In an excerpt from this letter to his ticularly . . . the works of Handel and adding an improvised cadence on the D- sister Nannerl, the composer writes Bach. Well, as she had often heard me Thanks to Clyde Putman for Finale ver- minor 6/4 chord, and ending in the tonic about his composition (Vienna, 20 April play fugues out of my head, she asked me sions of the musical examples, and to Jane key of D minor. (See Example 1) 1782): if I had ever written any down, and when Johnson for her evocative Mozart drawing.
20 THE DIAPASON The Sewanee Church Music Conference 2006 Mary Fisher Landrum
hymn collections published by the new In the Festival University Service on publishing company, E-Libris Publish- Sunday morning Jeffrey Smith’s Mass in ers, based in Memphis. C provided the settings of texts for the A highlight of the week was the organ Holy Eucharist. Psalm 85 was sung to an recital played by Conte in All Saints’ Anglican chant by Herbert Howells. Chapel of the University of the South. The offertory anthem was Charles The program featured many of Conte’s Wood’s O Thou sweetest Source of glad- transcriptions—Bernstein’s Overture to ness, and during Communion the com- “Candide,” Kreisler’s Variations on a missioned anthem, Jesu, the very Theme by Corelli, Cortège et Litanie tran- thought of Thee by David Briggs, was scribed from Dupré’s orchestral score, sung. The organ prelude to the service William Bolcom’s Graceful Ghost Rag, was the Allegro maestoso from Sonata Brahms’s Variations on a Theme of in G by Elgar. The postlude was Haydn, ending with a transcription of “Marche Pontificale” from Symphony Rossini’s Overture to “The Barber of No. 1 by Widor, played by Conte and Seville.” Conte provided a rare treat later followed by the ringing of the bells of in the week when he accompanied the the Leonidas Polk Memorial Carillon. showing of the silent film The Kid, featur- Participating in both services were ing Charlie Chaplin. Jeffrey Smith, conductor; Peter Richard The 130 conferees formed the choir Conte, organist; and The Rt. Rev. Joe G. for two services in All Saints’ Chapel. Burnett. Bishop of Nebraska. Evensong featured George Dyson’s Mary Fisher Landrum, a native of Indiana, Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in D pre- Pennsylvania, is a graduate of Vassar College ceded by Barry Smith’s African Versi- and did graduate work at the Eastman School Jeffrey Smith leads rehearsal of conferees choir (Photo credit: John Whitmer) cles and Responses. Psalm 139 was set to of Music as a student of Harold Gleason. She an Anglican chant by Thomas A. has served as college organist and a member Church musicians from 27 states and sented recently published choral works, Walmisle, and the anthem was Edward of the music faculty at Austin College, Sher- man, Texas; Sullins College, Milligan College, the Virgin Islands gathered on the and Thomas Pavlechko, cantor, compos- Bairstow’s monumental Blessed City, and King College in Bristol, Tennessee. For a mountain at DuBose Conference Cen- er in residence and organist-choir direc- Heavenly Salem. The service was third of a century she was organist/choir ter in Monteagle, Tennessee, for the tor at St. Martin’s Evangelical Lutheran framed by two voluntaries—Choral by director at Emmanuel Episcopal Church in 56th annual Sewanee Church Music Church, Austin, Texas, showed two Jongen and Franck’s Pièce Héroïque. Bristol, Tennessee. Conference July 10–16. Robert Del- camp, Professor of Music, University Organist and Choirmaster of the Uni- ANDOVER BEDIENT BERGHAUS BIGELOW BOND versity of the South, planned and direct- B ed the conference. Heading the faculty UZARD CASAVANT DYER FISK GARLAND GOULDING FRERES DOBSON R. & WOOD were Jeffrey Smith, Canon Director of Music of Grace Cathedral, San Francis- co; Peter Richard Conte, Grand Court Organist of the Wanamaker Organ at Lord & Taylor, Philadelphia and organ- ist-choirmaster of St. Clement’s Church, Philadelphia; and The Rt. Rev. Joe G. Burnett, Bishop of Nebraska and conference chaplain. The conference opened with evening prayer led by Bishop Burnett, who was also the officiant for the daily Eucharists with psalms. Peter Richard Conte and Jeffrey Smith were organists for the ser- vices that used Rites I and II with vari- ous settings of the canticles and differ- ent types of chant for the psalms. These different types of chanting the psalms and issues concerning their per- formance were the focus of two classes held by Dr. Smith. He also presented two sessions offering practical sugges- tions for founding, reinvigorating and polishing children’s choirs. Bishop Bur- nett shed light on three profound reforms that are at the heart of the 1979 Prayer Book. And Mr. Conte took a fresh look at creative hymn playing by drawing inspiration from the poetry of hymns. He also held a crash course for beginners in improvisation for service playing and presented two classes devoted to accompanying. Adjunct faculty led a variety of classes and reading sessions. Wendy Klopfen- stein, principal violinist with the Mobile Your Church Needs a New Pipe Organ. Opera Orchestra, the Mobile Symphony and the Pensacola Symphony, discussed the process of hiring strings to augment What’s the First Step? one’s music program. The discussion included how to deal with a contractor, conducting strings vs. choral conducting, Call or e-mail us! From information for your architect through fund-raising, APOBA payment, rehearsal times and length, and has helpful publications concerning every aspect of an organbuilding project. other considerations. Ms. Klopfenstein also gave a presentation on working with small churches. Susan Rupert, vocal pro- fessor at The University of the South and And, they’re FREE for the asking! The School of Theology, led classes in vocal techniques for choir directors and Episcopal basics for those new to the To receive information about pipe organs Episcopal Church. Reading sessions enriched the confer- A and recognized pipe organ builders ence program. These were led by Jane P write or call toll free 1-800-473-5270 Gamble, Canon Organist-Choirmaster of St. Mary’s Episcopal Cathedral, Mem- O or on the web @ www.apoba.com phis; John Spain, organist at St. Anne BA Associated Pipe Organ Builders of America Episcopal Church in the Cincinnati sub- urb of West Chester; and Jennifer Stam- P.O. Box 155 • Chicago Ridge, Illinois 60415 mers, soprano soloist, composer, BOODY music & QUIMBY TT PARSONS REDMAN SCHANTZ SCHOENSTEIN TAYLOR teacher and choir director at Trinity O Episcopal Church, Atchison, Kansas. Mark Schweizer, composer, bass soloist NOACK MURPHY KEGG JAECKEL HOLTKAMP HENDRICKSON and editor of St. James Music Press, pre-
NOVEMBER, 2006 21 Hybrid Composition: An Introduction to the Age of Atonality in Nigeria Godwin Sadoh
usical practice in 21st-century severely functional following baroque other Nigerian composer has written British Royal Schools of Music, as well as MNigeria can be broadly divided into and classical conventions. The music such a large body of solo pieces for training in ethnomusicology in American four major genres: 1) traditional music, was written for Western musical instru- organ as Sowande. universities. Thus, it would be correct to 2) popular dance music, 3) church ments such as piano, harmonium or Prior to this era, musical activities refer to these musicians as composer- music, and 4) modern African art music. organ, and the form, harmony, and style were confined to the churches during ethnomusicologists. From the 1960s, for- Traditional music can be traced back to follow European standards. festive occasions such as Christmas and eign-trained Nigerian composers the historical roots of the society. It is Nigerian traditional musical instru- Easter seasons. With the introduction of embarked on intensive research into the the music that defines and identifies the ments were not incorporated into these vocal solos, chamber music and orches- traditional music of their society to people of Nigeria and their culture. The compositions during this era because tral works, the venue of musical activities enhance a better understanding of its whole gamut of Nigerian culture is they were blatantly prohibited from shifted from the church to public audito- component materials, structure, stylistic embedded in the traditional music, be it being used for worship by the early for- riums where secular works could be per- principles, tonality, function and mean- cultural, social, political, or religious, his- eign missionaries. In other words, the formed without any inhibitions. In terms ing in the society, the instrumental toriography, as well as world-view. The only instruments that early Nigerian of tonality, Sowande introduced chro- resources, organization of ensembles, music permeates every aspect of Niger- composers could write for were Euro- maticism into the musical vocabulary of rhythmic basis of instrumental music, ian life. However, the middle of the 19th pean. However, in spite of the embargo Nigerian compositions. He refused to organization and techniques of vocal century witnessed events that trans- on traditional instruments, it was in this align himself with the atonal school of music, melody and polyphony in vocal as formed the entire cultural landscape of period that we began to witness musical composers, then in vogue in Europe and well as instrumental ensemble, speech Nigeria. These events were manifested synthesis of European and African America. He chose to move his Nigerian and melody, theoretical framework, and in the form of political governance idioms. The experiment of conjoining audience gradually from the tonal con- interrelatedness of music and dance. The through the British colonial administra- Western elements with traditional vention of the baroque/classical era to focal point has been cultural renaissance tion, and through the efforts of Christian African music actually began in the early romantic chromaticism. Sowande must and the search for nationalistic identity, missionaries from America and England. church. This took the form of employing have felt that jumping from the tradition- that is, how to combine the new art These two domineering forces intro- indigenous languages for texts and using al tonal system to atonality would have music with the African roots. duced Western classical music to the indigenous songs as melodic themes for been too wide a leap and too radical for It is from this period that we witness main stream of Nigerian socio/cultural compositions. Notable composers from the Nigerian audience to appreciate. for the first time compositions involving life around 1840s.1 Through the colonial the first generation include Rev. Canon Although chromatic passages are preva- both traditional African and Western and mission schools, as well as churches J. J. Ransome-Kuti, Rev. T. A. Olude, lent in his organ works, Sowande left the musical instruments. Prior to this era, established by the missionaries, talented Akin George, Ikoli Harcourt-Whyte, idea of atonality for the next generation music notation specified only Western Nigerians were introduced to Western Emmanuel Sowande (Fela Sowande’s of Nigerian composers. instruments. African instruments were music notation, European songs, and father), Okechukwu Ndubuisi, and The second generation of Nigerian not included in the scores of the early musical instruments. It was at these Thomas Ekundayo Phillips (Organist musical experience also ushered in a composers but rather used for support- institutions that Nigerians first learned and Master of the Music, Cathedral new form of musical integration known ive purposes and to create spontaneous to sing Western songs such as nursery Church of Christ, Lagos, 1914–1962). as pan-Africanism. Sowande, unlike his improvised rhythmic background for rhymes, folk songs and selected excerpts Thomas Ekundayo Phillips was the first predecessors, went beyond employing vocal songs. Such instrumental rhythmic from major classical works such as Han- Nigerian to receive professional training Nigerian folk songs in his works; rather, patterns were never notated until the era del’s Messiah and Mendelssohn’s Elijah. in music at Trinity College of Music, he included popular tunes from other of the composer-ethnomusicologists. In In addition, talented Nigerians received London, from 1911 to 1914. African countries into his compositions. fact, there are works from this period private lessons in piano, harmonium, Hence, one would hear indigenous composed exclusively for traditional and organ at these schools and church- The Age of Concert Music songs from Nigeria and other African instruments such as Akin Euba’s Abiku es. All these endeavors consequently led (1950–1960) societies in his works. For instance, he No. 1 for Nigerian Instruments (1965). to the emergence of art music com- This era was represented by the most borrowed a Ghanaian folk song in his This work was composed for a dance posers in Nigeria. celebrated Nigerian musician, Fela African Suite for String Orchestra.3 In drama, Iya Abiku, choreographed by Sowande (1905–1987). Sowande contin- addition, this era introduced the con- Segun Olusola and videotaped by the The Golden Age of Church Music ued to compose sacred music for divine cept of global interculturalism into Nigerian Television Authority for pre- (1900–1950) services in the church, yet he trans- Nigerian music language. We must give sentation at the International Music The first generation of Nigerian com- formed art music in Nigeria from a credit to Sowande for being the first Center Congress on “Dance, Ballet and posers comprised mainly church organ- sacred entity and elevated it to the con- Nigerian composer to go so far as to Pantomime in Film and Television,” in ists and choirmasters. They concentrat- cert platform in public auditoriums, borrow spiritual tunes from the African- Salzburg, Austria, 1965.4 The third gen- ed on writing sacred music for worship institutions of higher learning, and radio American culture. He uses spirituals in eration composers aim to make the in the newly founded churches. Compo- stations. He introduced solo art songs his solo art songs and choral anthems, as music more appealing to their local audi- sitions include church hymns, canticles with piano or organ accompaniment, well as organ pieces. ence. In other words, the Africanisms in (responsorial prayer songs for soloist organ solo pieces, chamber music, and the music are meant to captivate and and congregation),2 chants for singing orchestral works to the Nigerian art The Age of Atonality draw the larger society to the works. Psalms, choral anthems, and cantatas. music repertoire. Although Thomas (1960 to present) In terms of tonal organization, this Their works represent the first attempts Ekundayo Phillips wrote two short The third generation of modern group of Nigerian composers was by indigenous Nigerians in writing pieces for organ solo, it was Sowande Nigerian composers consists of highly tutored in the theoretical principles of Western classical music. Hence, most of who composed several large works for talented musicians, both composers and the early 20th century such as the these compositions are very simple, organ employing traditional folk songs scholars, who received intensive training twelve-tone system, atonality, and octa- short, and tonal. The harmonization is and indigenous church hymn tunes. No in the European tradition in several tonic scales. Pioneers of atonal compo- sitions in Nigeria employed these methods in two ways. First, some of the compositions are written strictly in Western idiom following the styles of Log On and take the tour! Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, and Anton Webern. Works in this category are practically European without any interjection of African traditional ANNUAL AND ONE-TIME COPYRIGHT music. Their form, texture, instrumen- tation, rhythmic organization, and PERMISSIONS WITH THE tonality are Western. The second cate- gory of 20th-century compositions in CLICK OF A MOUSE Nigeria incorporated some Africanisms. These compositions are partly Western and partly African. They are best described as syncretic or intercultural compositions—the amalgamation of European and African musical resources. Prominent composers of atonal music in Nigeria are Akin Euba (1935–), Ayo Bankole (1935–1976), Joshua Uzoigwe (1946–2005), and God- win Sadoh (1965–). Akin Euba Akin Euba is a Yoruba composer. He studied piano performance and compo- • EASY—online permission and reporting sition at the Trinity College of Music, • ECONOMICAL—based on average weekend attendance London, in the 1950s. In 1966, he • THOROUGH—your favorite songs received a master’s degree in ethnomu- sicology from the University of Califor- • CONVENIENT—includes a growing list of publishers nia, Los Angeles, and the Ph.D. in eth- nomusicology from the University of Ghana in 1974. Most of his piano com- LOG ON TODAY! WWW.ONELICENSE.NET positions were written in the 1960s. Interestingly, these piano pieces are all based on Western atonality and twelve-
22 THE DIAPASON tone row. Examples of these works from tetratonic, pentatonic, hexatonic, trated on piano, composition, organ, are also tonal. In 1960, Bankole wrote include Impressions from an Akwete heptatonic, octatonic, diatonic scales, harmony, and counterpoint studies. his first composition for organ entitled Cloth (1964), Saturday Night at Caban atonality, and the twelve-tone method. While at Guildhall, Bankole experi- Toccata and Fugue.14 In his notes to the Bamboo (1964), Tortoise and the Speak- He uses these scale systems to evoke mented12 with simple works and compo- music, Bankole informs us that this ing Cloth (1964), Four Pieces from Oyo melodic and harmonic nuances of Igbo sitions based on 20th-century tonality. work represents one of his first attempts Calabashes (1964), and Scenes from music7 in his compositions. For After four years of intense studies at in the world of atonality. Being his first Traditional Life (1970).5 instance, he uses the twelve-tone row in Guildhall, Bankole proceeded to Claire product in this musical language, the Euba’s compositional technique in his Oja for wind quartet. Uzoigwe began to College, University of Cambridge, Lon- work is more of a blending of several piano pieces is on two levels: 1) He first use dodecaphony while studying at the don, where he obtained his first degree, musical styles of the European epochs. creates traditional rhythmic patterns on Guildhall School of Music & Drama. the Bachelor of Arts in Music, 1964. At this early stage, while trying to break the score, and then 2) assigns melodies, Often, he breaks the row into minute While at Cambridge as an Organ Schol- away from the ‘old order’ of tonality, the which are atonal or twelve-tone, over the ‘cells’ and then shuffles them around to ar (1961–64), Bankole earned the pres- Toccata and Fugue is more of a transi- rhythms. In this way, the clashing disso- create a very interesting work. The pitch tigious Fellowship of the Royal College tional musical work between the 19th nances are not easily perceived by collections are organized into basic sets of Organists (FRCO), making him the and 20th centuries. The young compos- Nigerian audiences. The listeners are to create musical form through permu- second and last Nigerian to receive the er had not yet arrived in the world of more immersed in the irresistible tation, repetition, variation, and impro- highest diploma in organ playing given atonal writing. According to him, rhythms emanating from the pieces, visation. In addition, Uzoigwe uses in Great Britain. At the end of his stud- which move them to dance and easily twelve-tone technique and atonality in a ies at Cambridge University in 1964, this piece maintains structural allegiance eradicate the contemplative aspect of unique way by combining melo-rhyth- Bankole received a Rockefeller Foun- to the king of baroque, J. S. Bach. Howev- the musical performance. In terms of mic patterns drawn from Nigerian musi- dation Fellowship to study ethnomusi- er, while the overall structure and the process of thematic development are in rhythmic drive, Euba’s piano works imi- cal culture with specific tone colors. cology at the University of California, strict accord with the baroque tradition, tate dundun drum music, one of the Meki Nzewi defines melo-rhythm, his Los Angeles. In 1969, he was appointed the melodic style is not. This is because, most popular traditional ensembles own term, as “a rhythmic organization Lecturer in Music at the University of although there is no serial line to dictate among the Yoruba of southwest Nige- that is melodically conceived and Lagos, Nigeria, where he embarked on melodic progression, freedom of tonality ria.6 Another way that Euba deploys melodically born.”8 an in-depth research on Nigerian tradi- has been achieved through the preponder- atonality in his compositions is through Uzoigwe’s conception of the twelve- tional music and presented scholarly ant use of severe neo-impressionistic chro- the use of ostinati. His approach directly tone method differs from Arnold papers at conferences. At the University maticism. Apart from these points, the imitates the traditional African tech- Schoenberg’s. Uzoigwe defines a tone of Lagos, he combined the role of music music belongs to several ages of musical nique in which the ostinato accompani- row as an “ordered set of tones which is educator, composer, performer, and experience, absorbing Beethoven’s sur- 13 prise build-up and “power-cut,” Brahms’ ment harmonically is not in consonance derived from an ordered set of drums musicologist. In addition to his acade- dark orchestration, Bach’s virtuosity with the melodic line, but rather, the and musically deployed in certain spe- mic pursuits, Bankole founded several (especially his powerful cadenzas) and ostinato is merely supplying a melo- cific procedures and its basic root is in choral groups in Lagos and was very chord clusters suggesting certain rhythmic accompaniment. Euba uses Igbo musical system.”9 Indeed, tonal active as an organist in several churches, moments of Max Reger. the atonal texture to create dissonant organization in Uzoigwe’s music is including the Cathedral Church of percussive sounds as found in traditional deeply embedded in his traditional Christ, Lagos (the headquarters of the The composer emphatically states that, drumming among the Yoruba. The dis- musical practice, and his works are Anglican Communion Nigeria, and the “no conscious effort is made to inject sonant lines help to simulate and rein- based on its theoretical framework. This seat of the Anglican Archbishop) and St. African traditional styles (or for that force the indigenous sonority in the ‘cultural-tone row’10 method is exempli- Peter’s Anglican Church, Lagos. matter any of the styles mentioned music and make the piano sound like fied in his Ritual Procession for Euro- above) into the work, and if these are African traditional drums. pean and African orchestra and the Bankole: Toccata and Fugue felt, their roles should not be exagger- Talking Drum for piano. One of the Nigerian composers began experi- ated.”15 Hence, a discussion of this Joshua Uzoigwe movements of the Talking Drum is menting with new tonal resources in piece will strictly be in Western theo- Joshua Uzoigwe belongs to the Igbo based on a row of ten tones, which is their works from the 1960s. This era can retical style. ethnic group in Eastern Nigeria. He associated with ukom music.11 be regarded as radical and avant-garde The Toccata is built on several short studied piano and composition at the in the history of musical composition in chromatic figures, which are later Guildhall School of Music & Drama, Ayo Bankole the country. The then young composers, employed as themes for the Fugue. London, from 1973 to 1977. He later Ayo Bankole was born on May 17, fired up by the new 20th-century com- Generally, the chromatic figures consist studied ethnomusicology under John 1935, at Jos, in Plateau State of Nigeria. positional devices they were exposed to of ascending and descending melodic Blacking at Queen’s University, Belfast, He belongs to the Yoruba ethnic group. at the schools of music in London, par- cells as well as ‘jumping’ intervals. The Ireland, from 1977, and subsequently In August 1957, Bankole left Nigeria on tially abandoned the tonal system of the melodic cells appear in various forms: received the Ph.D. degree in 1981. a Federal Government Scholarship to preceding era. I am very careful to simple eighth notes, rapid-moving six- Uzoigwe uses various types of pitch col- study music at the Guildhall School of choose the word ‘partially’ because teenth notes, and triplets. Structurally, lections in his compositions, ranging Music & Drama, London. He concen- some of the compositions in this period the toccata is in three-part form. The A
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