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First record of White-bellied be considered doubtful. Despite illustrations4,8,9 and photographs Dacnis albiventris for almost 35 years of observations, of female Dacnis species, it was Acre, Brazil, with notes on there are no records from this identified as an adult female its foraging behaviour well-studied region (A. Whittaker D. albiventris. The short bill, White-bellied Dacnis Dacnis pers. obs.). However, to the dark primaries and tail, greener albiventris is considered rare and west, A. Whittaker collected a upperparts, yellower abdomen restricted to Amazonia8, locally in female (Museu Paraense Emílio and orange iris distinguished it central and southern Colombia, Goeldi 50188) at Caitau Uara, from other Dacnis possible at the southern Venezuela, southern and rio Solimões, Amazonas, on 15 site. Female Yellow-bellied Dacnis eastern Ecuador, north-east Peru September 1992 in terra firme D. flaviventer has a well-marked and Brazil3. It occurs in the canopy forest edge. He has also observed red iris, longer beak and more of terra firme forest, gallery forest, males at Palmari Lodge, on the rio brownish-green upperparts, and around lakes and clearings, Javari, Amazonas, in terra firme. and female Black-faced Dacnis to 400 m, and its distribution may We photographed a female- D. lineata has grey upperparts, be associated with nutrient-poor plumaged at the border of bluish-grey belly, dark grey soils3. the Parque Zoobotânico (09º57’S primaries and uppertail, and pale The first record in Brazil 67º52’W), on the Universidade throat. involved an adult and juvenile Federal do Acre campus, in the The bird was seen returning male collected in August 1957 at municipality of Rio Branco, Acre. to the same Ficus, as described 3 the upper rio Cururú, an eastern The campus protects c.100 ha of by Hilty at a Miconia tributary of the rio Tapajós, by forest. Vegetation comprises a (Melastomataceae) on a forest Sick7. The species’ range in Brazil mosaic of secondary vegetation at border in Venezuela. However, is very poorly known with few different stages of regeneration, there observations involved groups documented records. In Mato with a mean tree height of 20 of 3–10 , comprising males, 1 Grosso, at the Xingu Refugio m , and a significant number of females and juveniles, following Amazonico and Fazenda Uirapuru, bamboos, palms and cipós. rapid-moving mixed-species on the Rio Von Den Steinen, on On 23 July 2013, while flocks. During our observations, a 12–17 May 2004, in tall sandy belt observing birds at a fruiting Ficus small flock of Turquoise and clay-based terra firme forest pertusa (Moraceae) tree c.6 m Tangara mexicana, singles or with low tree species diversity, tall, we observed an unidentified pairs of Dacnis A. Whittaker tape-recorded four bird that was photographed (Fig. cayana, Short-billed Honeycreeper males singing along a 5-km 1). Observations at the tree were Cyanerpes nitidus, Purple-throated transect4. In southern Pará, the made twice daily, morning and Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica species was recorded in July 2009 evening, with each session lasting and White-lored Euphonia E. at the Pousada Rio Azul on the rio c.2 hours. The bird was alone chrysopasta fed in the same tree, São Benedito II; a photograph is and remained for c.10 minutes but apparently not in association archived on www.wikiaves.com. before flying off, but was seen with D. albiventris. br (WA572773). Ridgely & Tudor5 daily feeding in the same tree During our observations, the mentioned a record near Manaus, until 28 July, always alone. After bird moved rapidly, hopping but without confirmation it must comparing the bird with field guide between branches searching for ripe fruit in a manner distinct from larger birds that consumed the same fruits. Larger birds tear off entire fruits, whereas D. albiventris extracted small pieces (Fig. 2) that were quickly swallowed, changing perches when a larger bird arrived. It occasionally extracted a larger piece, which was manipulated in the bill for a few minutes, before part of the fruit fell to the ground. Foraging height varied at 3–5 m. We noted the following behaviours used to feed on fruit: gleaning without extending the legs or neck; reaching, whereby Figure 1. Female White-bellied Dacnis Figure 2. Female White-bellied Dacnis the bird extended its legs and Dacnis albiventris, Universidade Federal Dacnis albiventris, feeding in Ficus pertusa, neck to reach food; and hanging do Acre campus, Rio Branco, Acre, Universidade Federal do Acre campus, downwards from a horizontal Brazil, 27 July 2013 (Tomaz Nascimento Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, 27 July 2013 perch. In December 2013, the de Melo) (Tomaz Nascimento de Melo) same Ficus was fruiting, but no

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D. albiventris was observed. A. References Birds of Peru. Princeton, NJ: Whittaker (pers. obs.) has observed 1. Guilherme, E. (2001) Princeton University Press. White-bellied Dacnis feeding on Comunidade de aves 7. Sick, H. (1960) The Miconia (Melastomataceae) in do Campus e Parque honeycreeper Dacnis the understorey of terra firme at Zoobotânico da Universidade albiventris in Brazil. Condor Palmari Lodge at 6–12 m. Federal do Acre, Brasil. 62: 66–67. Our record is the first for Acre, Tangara 1: 57–73. although the species’ occurrence 2. Guilherme, E. (2012) Birds of Tomaz Nascimento de Melo was expected2. Photographs the Brazilian state of Acre: Programa de Pós-graduação em are also archived on wikiaves diversity, zoogeography, and Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos (WA1031825, WA1031827). Our conservation. Rev. Bras. Orn. Naturais, Universidade Federal do record extends the species’ range 20: 393–442. Acre, BR 364, Km 04, Rio Branco, in Brazil 700 km south of Palmari 3. Hilty, S. L. (2011) Family Acre, Brazil. E-mail: tomaznmelo@ Lodge, its nearest known locality Thraupidae (tanagers). hotmail.com. in Brazilian Amazonia. Although In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, Rafael Ruan Araújo Pinto, the species, given its rarity, could A. & Christie, D. A. (eds.) Mirna Amoêdo Lima and be missing from large areas3,5,6, Handbook of the birds of the Edson Guilherme the difficulty of detecting canopy world, 16. Barcelona: Lynx Laboratório de Ornitologia, birds in many areas and because Edicions. Universidade Federal do Acre, this species’ vocalisations could 4. Marantz, C. A. & Zimmer, K. BR 364, Km 04, Rio Branco, Acre, be confused with those of Masked J. (2006) Bird voices of Alta Brazil. Tangara nigrocincta, and Floresta and southeastern are easily overlooked, hinder its Amazonian Brazil. CDs. Renata da Silva Xavier detection. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Programa de Pós-graduação em Ornithology. Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Acknowledgements 5. Ridgely, R. S. & Tudor, G. Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André We are grateful to Mario (1989) The birds of South Araujo, 2.936, Petrópolis, Manaus, Cohn-Haft, Thomas S. America, 1. Oxford: Oxford Amazonas, Brazil. E-mail: Schulenberg, Alexander Lees and University Press. [email protected]. Thiago Laranjeiras for help with 6. Schulenberg, T. S., Stotz, D. the identification, and Andrew F., Lane, D. F., O’Neill, J. Received 19 December 2013; final Whittaker and Bradley Davis for ​​ P. & Parker, T. A. (2007) revision accepted 6 March 2014; important contributions during the published online 10 March 2015 refereeing process.

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