European Aerospace Competitiveness: Successes and Challenges

Fred Abbink, President of CEAS (Rtrd Gen Dir NLR)

Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium – National Aerospace Laboratory NLR Content

1. Introduction

2. Requirements for competitive European Aerospace

3. Present status of the European Aerospace • Space • Air Transport System • Air Defense System • Aerospace Industry • Education and Training • Research Infrastructure

4. Vision for the European Aerospace

5. Actions to be taken to meet the European Aerospace Challenges

Survival of the Fittest Adapt to survive

“It is not the strongest of the species, nor the most intelligent that survives.

It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.”

Charles Darwin: The Origin of Species (1859)

Survival of the Fittest World War 2: new technology development

 Jet-propelled, swept-wing fighter aircraft

 Ballistic missiles and unmanned aircraft and ground-air and air-ground weapons

 Crypto radio communication and digital computers

 Ground surveillance radar and airborne radar

 Synthetic fuel

 Nuclear weapons

Survival of the Fittest Civil Air Transport Development

Global Standardisation and growth:

 ICAO

 IATA

 FAA

 ATC, radar, radio navigation, and landing systems

 Transatlantic air transport

 Jet airliners

 Wide-body FBW jet airliners

 Environmental restrictions

Survival of the Fittest Major Global Changes

 End of Cold War, Peace Dividend, “From one Bear to Many Snakes”

 Global Terrorism (9/11, Madrid, London, Moscow)

 Climate Change (Kyoto, IPCC, Kopenhagen)

 Increasing energy costs and limited resources

 Globalizing of the economy (China, India, Brazil)

 Growth of the

 Financial crisis

Survival of the Fittest Development of the European Union

 Milestones and enlargement of EU  1952 European Coal and Steel Community (6 members)  1957 Treaty of Rome (EEC, ECSG, Euratom)  1986 Single European Act (12 members)  1993 (EC, CFSP, PJCC, JHA)  2007 Growth to 27 members  2009 Lisbon Treaty (EU)  2013 Growth to 28 members

 European achievements  Single European Market  Single Outer Border (Schengen)  Single Currency (Euro)  European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)  (EDA)  ESA, ArianeSpace  MeteoSat, GMES, EUSC and Galileo  Single European Sky (SES)  European Framework Programmes  JUs Clean Sky and SESAR

Survival of the Fittest 2) Requirements for a Competitive European Aerospace

 A competitive access to space

 A competitive air transport system

 An effective and efficient

 A competitive aerospace industry

 A qualified and experienced workforce

 An effective and efficient RDT&E system

Survival of the Fittest Requirements for a Competitive European Aerospace  A competitive European access to space  Cost-effective launchers, research and operations

 A competitive European air transport system:  Competitive airline, airports and ANSP

 An effective and efficient European Air Force:  Effective and efficient military aircraft, airbases and training

 A competitive European Industry:  Competitive Technology, Design, Manufacturing, Certification and MRO

 A qualified and experienced workforce:  Efficient and effective European Education and Training  Efficient and effective Aerospace Societies

 An effective and efficient European RDT&E system:  Cost-effective Research, Technology development, Test and Evaluation personnel and facilities

Survival of the Fittest Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Access to Space and Space Operations

European Space Launchers, Research and Operations  1962 ELDO/ESRO – 1967 ESOC Darmstadt GE – 1968 ESTEC Noordwijk NL  1973 ESRO-NASA Agreement on Spacelab  1975 ESA  1980 ArianeSpace  1986 Eumetsat  1998 GMES/Copernicus  1998 ISS (with NASA, JAXA, CSA & Roscosmos)  2002 EU Satellite Center, Torrejon SP  2003 Galileo

Survival of the Fittest Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Air Transport System (1)

European Airline Consolidation

 International Airlines Group – 1974 BOAC, BEA, Cambrian Airways and Northeast Airways merged into British Airways – 1987 BA privatised and acquired British Caledonian – 1992 BA acquired Dan Air – 2012 BA acquired British Midlands International – 2011 BA Merged with Iberia into Intl Airlines Group  Air -KLM – 2004 Merger between Air France and KLM  Lufthansa – 2005 Lufthansa acquired Swissair – 2009 Strategic partnership with Brussels Airlines – 2009 Lufthansa acquired Austrian Airlines

Survival of the Fittest Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Air Transport System (2)

 Cost-effective, adequate capacity airports

 European Air Traffic Management Cooperation  – Founded in 1960, has 40 Member States plus EU – Central User Charges Office – 1972 Maastricht Upper Air Control (MUAC)  MUAC provides ATM above 24.500 ft for NL, BE, Lux and NW GE – 1995 CFMU-Network Manager  Network Manager provides a.o. Flow and Capacity Mngmnt  Eurocontrol Experimental Center (EEC) in Bretigny FR  Single European Sky, FABs, FABEC, SESAR – 2001 decision SES – 2008 Revision of the SES decisions (SES II)

Survival of the Fittest Single European Sky: Comparison USA and Europe

USA Europe FABEC

ATM airspace: 9,8 mio. km² ATM airspace: 10,5 mio. km² FABEC Airspace: 1,7 mio. sq km

1 ATC-organisations (civil + mil.) 47 ATC-organisations (civil + mil.) , France, , 21 en-route centre 58 en-route centre Switzerland and The 1 operating systems 22 operating systems Integration of 6 large international hubs

900 movements per controller 480 movements per controller FABEC will be operational in 2012 $380 ATM cost / flight $667 ATM cost / flight

Study: EUROCONTROL 2003

Survival of the Fittest Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Air Defence System

 European Air Force Cooperation  1995 European Air Group (EAG)  Association of Air Forces of 7 Member Nations (BE, FR, GE, IT, NL, SP UK)  2010 European Air Transport Command  Aerial Refueling  Military air transport

 Common use of aircraft  European aircraft: Typhoon, Tornado, Mirage 2000, Gripen, Harrier II, NH90, Tigre, C-160, C-27, CN-235, A400  US aircraft: F-16, F/A-18, F-35, C-130, KC 135, AH-64, CH-47  Russian Aircraft: MiG-21, MiG-29, An-26

Survival of the Fittest Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Aerospace Industry (1)

 National Consolidation/Champions and Joint Ventures

 1970 Consolidation into Airbus

Survival of the Fittest Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Aerospace Industry (2)

 Joint Ventures between the National Champions  Eurofighter  NH90

 European consolidation  Bae Systems  Rolls Royce  Safran  Agusta Westland  MBDA  Thales  Finmeccanica  Dassault  Saab

 Airbus Group  Airbus  Airbus Helicopters  Airbus Defence and Space

Survival of the Fittest Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Education

 European University Cooperation  1998 Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space Universities (PEGASUS) – 24 universities in FR, UK, GE, IT, NL, SP, SW, CZ & PO  2008 European Aeronautical Science Network (EASN) – European platform in order to structure, support and upgrade the research activities of the European Aeronautics Universities

 European Aerospace Society Cooperation  1993 Confederation of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS)  2005 Council of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS)  12 Member Societies with 34.000 individual members – Quarterly CEAS Bulletin – Refereed Aeronautical and Space Journals – General and Specialist Conferences

Survival of the Fittest European Aerospace Consolidation; Efficient and Effective RDT&E System

 European Research and Research Establishments  1952 AGARD (NATO)  1973 GARTEUR (GE, FR, IT, NL, SP, SW, UK)  1975 DNW (GE-NL)  1988 ETW (GE-NL-FR-UK)  1993 EREA (GE, NL, FR, SP, IT, SW, PO, RO, CZ)

 European FrameWork Programs  1992-1994 FWP 3  1995-1998 FWP 4  1999-2002 FWP 5  2003-2006 FWP 6  2006-2013 FWP 7  2014-2020 Horizon 2020

 EU Joint Undertakings  2007-2013 SESAR and Clean Sky

Survival of the Fittest 2007-2017 Clean Sky 1: Integrated Program Structure

Survival of the Fittest 2014-2020 Clean Sky 2: An increased ambition

Survival of the Fittest 4) Many European Vision Documents, but “a vision without a plan is a dream”

Survival of the Fittest 5) Challenges and Actions to meet the requirements for European Aerospace Competitiveness

 Continuation of Clean Sky to consolidate the aeronautical industrial technology development and demonstration

 Strengthening the European Air Transport System

 Stimulation of the realisation of a Joint European Aerospace Research and Testing Infrastructure

 Stimulation of the integration of the European aerospace university system and of the consolidation of the European Aerospace Societies

 Strengthening political will of the 28 EU Member States to:  Reshape the National Sovereignties into a European Sovereignty  Reshape the European Airspace, ATM infrastructure and Air Navigation Service Provision  Jointly acquire and operate military materiel

Survival of the Fittest