Monuments of In English Culture A 2015 NEH Institute for Teachers

Directors: Support Scholars: Dr. Ronald J. Weber Dr. Nicholas Temple Dr. Jessica Sheetz-Nguyen Dr. Marilyn Button

Introduction: This Institute takes place in Rome. The purpose of the Institute will be to understand how in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries—the years following the break between England and the papacy—Rome served as a world intellectual center that contributed to the emerging national and global identity of the English people. To do this Institute participants will concentrate upon the intersection between the rhetoric of the Roman orator, Marcus Tullius and the rhetorical display, ceremony and instruction constructed by emperors and in the form of processional routes and ceremonial centers in the and the Campus Martius. The writings of Marcus Tullius Cicero drew prominent English intellectuals and writers to Rome, where Roman monuments and their papal overlay challenged, informed and inspired their quest for the consistency, rational social structure, and culture that would insure success for their nascent empire. Roman civilization provided a paradigm for English theories of law, government, civic behavior, art and literature. Institute participants will read Cicero in translation among the monuments following the advice of Thomas Hobbes in a Discourse of Rome that one who has seen a place understands it better than the person who knows it only by description. For Hobbes there was no better place in the world to see than Rome.

Group Meetings: Instructors and Scholar/Teachers will meet in the classroom at John Cabot University on Mondays and Thursdays each week. Tuesdays and Fridays are set aside for excursions into the city to experience how the experience of place enhances and reinforces the reality of Rome, demonstrating why Rome became the intellectual center of Western Culture.

Working Procedures: The working nucleus will consist of groups of five scholar/teachers familiarizing themselves with the institute materials and, in consultation with institute instructors, identifying a core idea in the readings, which is suitable for group discussion and for investigation on how it is manifested and made remarkable within the physical space of Rome. Dr. Weber and Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen will lead off in week one with individual groups leading the way in weeks two, three and four.

Final Product: On August 3 each group will have prepared for presentation a developed lesson plan suitable for use as an instructional resource.

Schedule Date Location Focus Readings Sunday Arrival Week 1 The Roman Forum “Descending from the To be completed prior and Capitol, there be three or four to arrival in Rome. Triumphant Arches dedicated to the honor of Emperors, as M. Boatwright, D. to Caesar and Gargola, and R. Constantine, where be Talbert, The Romans: engraven their principal Acts, From Village to and victories: but the most Empire, Chapters 4, 5, remarkable of these, is 6, 7, 8. ’s erected upon his return from Jerusalem, where Elizabeth Rawson, you shall see the overcoming Cicero: A Portrait, of the City, lively set forth, Chapters 4, 5, 9, 15, and the holy things which he 16. brought away from thence in triumph.” Thomas Hobbes, A Discourse of Rome, 1620 Monday Classroom meeting Introduction to Cicero. Cicero, 3 Orations against Catiline. July 6 Led by Dr. Weber and M. Tullius Cicero and the Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen Conspiracy of Catiline Sallust, Conspiracy of Catiline Introduction to Thomas Hobbes, his life and times as Rob Hardy, “‘A Mirror tutor to William Cavendish, of the Times:’ The second earl of Devonshire. Catilinarian Evening Group Conspiracy in Dinner Vedute of Piranesi. Eighteenth-Century British and American Political Thought.” Tuesday Meet at the Roman Monuments of Roman S. Dyson, Rome: A Forum. rhetoric, administration and Living Portrait of an July 7 law. Ancient City, Chapter 2, 5, 7, 12. Analysis of the design, function and idealization of Filippo Coarelli, Rome the Roman political process and Environs: An and law: the , Archaeological Guide, Rostra, Regia and Precinct of p. 43-60, 62-101. the Vestals. Symposium videos: The Coliseum Piranesi, Rome, and the Arts of Design, parts 1, 2, 3.

Digital images of Piranesi’s Vedute di Wednesday Consultations with Dr. Study Day Sheetz-Nguyen and July 8 Dr. Weber Thursday Classroom meeting Cicero as the savior of Plutarch, Life of Cicero led by Dr. Weber and freedom against political July 9 Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen. excess and corruption. Review Cicero, 3 Orations against Discussion of Hobbes’ Catiline. perceptions of Rome. T. Hobbes, “A Discourse of Rome.” Friday Meet at the Roman Administrative landscapes. Filippo Coarelli, Rome Forum. and Environs: An July 10 Basilica Julia, Basilica Archaeological Guide, Aemilia, and p. 48-50, 60-2, 71-4, 81-4, 97-9, 159-75. Ceremonial centers in the Roman Forum: Arches of Ronald T. Ridley, The Septimius Severus and Titus, Eagle and the Spade, the Via Sacra. Chapters 1 and 3.

Palatine Hill See Tuesday’s readings.

Review materials on Piranesi. Saturday Consultations with Dr. Morning Sheetz-Nguyen and Study time Dr. Weber Saturday Visit Antica. Working class households and S. Gallico, Ostia spaces in . Antica, p. 1 – 67. Afternoon Optional S. Dyson, Rome: July 11 Ancient Society and History, Chapter 9. Sunday Day Off Week 2 “But I will now take a view of the ancient Antiquities, and first, of the famous Capitol upon one of the seven Hills, called Mons Capitolinus, whereof almost nothing remains but the memory. The place where the Senate sat, is now plain, and covered with earth, only some steps you may see where they went down, and it is said to have been framed in the form of a Cockpit.” Thomas Hobbes

Cicero and concordia ordinum.

Political consensus and the Pax Romana

Impact upon Thomas Hobbes. Monday Classroom meeting Concordia ordinum and Cicero, Pro Sestio, led by Dr. Weber. civilized government. 44.96 – 44.135. July 13 Augustus, Res gestae divi Augusti Tuesday Meet at Capitoline What the British saw and Masterpieces of the Museum for guided imagined from the Capitoline Capitoline Museum. July 14 exercise led by Dr. Hill. Weber and Dr. Baedeker, Handbook Sheetz-Nguyen. for [English] Travellers, Second Part: Central Italy and Rome, The Capitoline, 206-212.

Krautheimer, Profile of a City, Chapters 1, 2, 9, 10.

Filippo Coarelli, Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide, p. 29-42.

See Week One. Wednesday Consultations with Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen and July 15 Dr. Weber

Study Day Thursday Classroom meeting Hobbes on good government, Selections from led by Dr. Sheetz- law and Cicero. Thomas Hobbes, The July 16 Nguyen. Leviathan.

Introduction 1, 2, Chapters 17-19, 21 & 46.

Thomas Hobbes, “A Discourse of Laws”.

Librivox: Books on Tape reading of Leviathan

Thomas Hobbes: BBC Podcast Friday Meet at the Largo From Hobbes in the Melanie Ord, Travels Argentina for guided seventeenth to Martyn in the and Translations in the July 17 walking tour and eighteenth century -what the Sixteenth Century, analysis of the Jesuit British saw and thought about Chapter 4 churches of Il Gesu, when they visited the “other San Ignazio, Saint Ivo churches” not including Saint Thomas Martyn, A della Sapienza, Peter’s Basilica. Tour through Italy, “Rome – Other Led by Dr. Weber and What the Jesuits built and the Churches,” 173-95. Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen. English saw.

The Jesuits and how the English reacted. Saturday Visit to Hadrian’s Rome the construction of MacDonald, Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli space and meaning. Villa, Chapters, I & IX. July 18 Digital Images: Vedute Full Day di Villa Hadriana

Review Piranesi from Week One. Sunday Day Off Week 3 “It was among the ruins of the William MacDonald, Capitol that I first conceived The Pantheon: Design, the idea of a work which has Meaning and Progeny amused and exercised near and The Architecture of twenty years of my life, and the . which, however inadequate to my own wishes, I finally Digital images of deliver to the curiosity and Piranesi’s Vedute di candour of the public.” Roma. Edward Gibbon See Week One. Week three will focus on the ceremonial routes and monumental architecture of the Campus Martius. The surviving monuments and reworked layout of this area of the city left a physical mark on Britain.

Importance of the idea of republican government.

Rome as an international center for the production of knowledge, art, and culture, the English reaction. Monday Classroom meeting Republican Government and Cicero, De Legibus, led by Dr. Weber and England. Books I & II July 20 Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen. Discussion focusing on the Cicero, De Officiis, competing political values and Book III theological principles relating to Protestant England and Polybius, History, Bk. Catholic Rome. VI.1-18

Anthony Everitt, Cicero, Chapter 8

John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, selections.

Letters on the Study and Use of History of Sir Henry St. John, First Viscount Bolingbroke

Freyja Cox Jensen, “Part One: ‘Reading the ,’ and ‘List of Tables’” in Reading the Roman Republic in Early Modern England, 25- 124. Tuesday Meet at the Largo Monuments of Imperial Vitruvius, De Argentina for guided Ideology on the Campus Architectura, Bks. 1 & July 21 walking analysis of Martius: Pantheon, , 5, “The Forum and the plan of Rome; led and . Basilica.” by Dr. Weber and Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen. Robert Hughes, Rome: A Cultural Visual, and Personal History, Chapters 9 & 10.

Filippo Coarelli, Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide, p. 275-296. Wednesday Consultations with Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen and July 22 Dr. Weber

Study Day Thursday Classroom meeting Rome’s place in British Nicholas Temple, led by Nicholas education and the cultivation Renovatio Urbis, July 23 Temple of the English gentleman: chapters 4, 5, and 6. Cicero and the Grand Tour dissected. Giorgio Vasari, Lives of the Most Excellent Italian Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, “Bramante”

Najbjerg, “The Severan Marble Plan of Rome (Forma Urbis Romae)”

Nolli Map: Ceen and Tice, “Rioni: The Districts of Rome.”

Compare Temple with the nineteenth century Baedeker’s Handbook for [English] Travellers, Second Part: Central Italy and Rome, 264-319. Friday Guided walking Meet at the Castel San Angelo See Thursday’s analysis of the plan of Bridge at 9:00 a.m. to proceed Readings July 24 Rome; led by to the Campus Martius. We Nicholas Temple will break for the afternoon and reconvene at the entrance to the Vatican Museums. Friday Vatican Museums Meet at the entrance to the G.J. Hamilton and Vatican Museums at 6:45 A.H. Smith, “Gavin July 24 - p.m. We must enter as a Hamilton’s Letters to Evening group. Charles Townley,” The Journal of Hellenic Antiquarianism, collecting Studies 21 (1901): 306- and the appropriation of 21. global knowledge. Review Baedeker’s Handbook for [English] Travellers, 264-319.

Seymour Howard, “An Antiquarian Hand List and the Beginnings of the Pio-Clementino,” Eighteenth Century Studies, 40-61. Saturday Consultations with Dr. For those going to the Vatican Readings on the July 25 Sheetz-Nguyen and Gardens with Professor Vatican Gardens can Dr. Weber Temple, RJW, JSN, MDB and be found in the early Morning JdeF, please meet at the twentieth century text, Optional entrance to the Vatican The Vatican, 37-48. Museums at 10:30 a.m. The tour will last two hours. Sunday Day Off Week 4 The restoration of Rome’s physical appearance, the collection and export of its artifacts, and the use of Rome as a model for the reimagining of America as the place to fulfill unattained Roman ideals. Monday Classroom meeting The British incorporation and Selected readings and led by Dr. Marilyn reimagining of Rome through poems from British July 27 Button literature and the arts. writers. Please see BlackBoard for full list.

Pite, Ralph, “Shelley in Italy,” The Yearbook of English Studies, 34 (2004): 46-60. Tuesday Meet at Keats/Shelley Visit Keats/Shelley House, House Protestant Cemetery, and July 28 Saint Paul’s inside the Walls. Wednesday Consultations with Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen and ------Dr. Weber ------July 29

Study Day Thursday Classroom meeting British writers, collectors and Cicero, Selections from led by Dr. Weber and painters. his letters written from July 30 Dr. Sheetz-Nguyen 62 to 43 BCE.

Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Preface, Chapters: 1-3, 9, & 14-18; and selections of Edward Gibbon memoirs.

Electronic gallery of Pompeo Batoni. Friday Overnight Trip to “Sir William Hamilton, Pliny the Younger, Pompeii. grandson of the third Duke of General Letters xxiii, July 31 Hamilton, was born in 1730… xxvii, xxxvi, xliii, lii, Visit to National He was British ambassador at lxv, lxvi, cviii; Letters Museum of the court of Naples from 1764 to ii, xcvii2, Archaeology in till 1800, and in 1772 was xcviii Naples made a knight of the Bath. During his residence in Italy Ramage, Nancy H. “Sir he took an active part in the William Hamilton as excavation of Herculaneum Collector, Explorer, and Pompeii, and formed a and Dealer: The rare collection of antiquities, Acquisition and which was afterwards Dispersal of His purchased for the British Collections,” American Museum.” Chamber’s Journal of Archaeology 94 Encyclopedia, 1897. (1990): 469-80.

Long stop on the Grand Tour Saturday Guided visit to Selections from Guide Pompeii to Pompeii August 1 Return to Rome Sunday Day Off Monday Wrap Up Group Reports Presentations

August 3 Tuesday Institute Complete Prepare to Depart For future reading on the connections of August 4 England and America.

Eran Shalev, Rome Reborn on Western Shores: Historical Imagination and the Creation of the American Republic

Caroline Winterer, The Culture of Classicism.