Wildlife Data-Gap Analysis for the Proposed Susitna–Watana Hydroelectric Project
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WILDLIFE DATA-GAP ANALYSIS FOR THE PROPOSED SUSITNA–WATANA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT DRAFT REPORT Prepared for: The Alaska Energy Authority 813 West Northern Lights Blvd. Anchorage, Alaska 99503-2495 Prepared by: ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research & Services P.O. Box 80410 Fairbanks, Alaska 99708-0410 August 16, 2011 Disclaimer: This document is provided by AEA as part its effort to gather and share all existing information regarding its proposed Susitna-Watana Project. Doing so should not be interpreted as an endorsement or acceptance by AEA of the content of this document at this time. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... v LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................2 STUDY AREA ................................................................................................................................3 METHODS ......................................................................................................................................7 INFORMATION REVIEW .............................................................................................................9 MAMMALS ..............................................................................................................................12 Moose .................................................................................................................................... 13 Caribou .................................................................................................................................. 19 Dall’s Sheep .......................................................................................................................... 23 Brown Bear ........................................................................................................................... 25 Black Bear ............................................................................................................................. 29 Wolf ...................................................................................................................................... 31 Wolverine .............................................................................................................................. 34 Beaver ................................................................................................................................... 36 Other Furbearers ................................................................................................................... 38 Small Mammals .................................................................................................................... 42 BIRDS ........................................................................................................................................44 Species of Conservation and Management Concern ............................................................ 45 Raptors .................................................................................................................................. 49 ABR, Inc.—DRAFT iii WHP Wildlife Data-Gap Analysis Waterbirds and Shorebirds .................................................................................................... 51 Landbirds .............................................................................................................................. 53 AMPHIBIANS ...........................................................................................................................54 Historical Studies .................................................................................................................. 54 Recent Studies ....................................................................................................................... 54 VEGETATION, WETLANDS, AND WILDLIFE HABITATS ...............................................55 Historical Studies .................................................................................................................. 55 Recent Studies ....................................................................................................................... 65 SYNTHESIS AND DATA-GAP SUMMARY .............................................................................70 MAMMALS ..............................................................................................................................74 Ungulates .............................................................................................................................. 74 Carnivores ............................................................................................................................. 76 Furbearers ............................................................................................................................. 78 Small mammals ..................................................................................................................... 80 BIRDS ........................................................................................................................................80 Raptors .................................................................................................................................. 80 Waterbirds and shorebirds .................................................................................................... 81 Landbirds .............................................................................................................................. 82 AMPHIBIANS ...........................................................................................................................82 Wood Frog ............................................................................................................................ 82 VEGETATION, WETLANDS, AND WILDLIFE HABITATS ...............................................82 LITERATURE CITED ..................................................................................................................86 ABR, Inc.—DRAFT iv WHP Wildlife Data-Gap Analysis FIGURES Figure 1. Regional overview of the Susitna River basin, southcentral Alaska, showing the location of the proposed Watana dam and reservoir. .................................................... 5 Figure 2. Alaska game management units and subunits in and near the Susitna River basin, southcentral Alaska. ...................................................................................................... 6 Figure 3. Estimated population size of the Nelchina Caribou Herd, 1948–2008.. ..................... 20 Figure 4. Extent of regional land-cover and vegetation mapping in the Susitna River basin, southcentral Alaska. .................................................................................................... 57 TABLES Table 1. Recent estimates of moose densities and populations among game management units in and near the Susitna River basin ............................................................................. 18 Table 2. Bird species of conservation and management concern that are known or likely to occur in the Susitna River basin, Alaska. ................................................................... 46 Table 3. Summary of potential data gaps identified for mammals, birds, amphibians, vegetation, wetlands, and wildlife habitats for the Watana Hydroelectric Project. .... 72 APPENDICES Appendix A. Terrestrial mammal species reported to occur in the Susitna River basin. ........... 109 Appendix B. Bird species recorded, or suspected to occur, in the Susitna River basin. ............ 111 ABR, Inc.—DRAFT v WHP Wildlife Data-Gap Analysis ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the following people for their assistance during this project: Bryan Carey, project manager for the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA), and James Gill, Cardno Entrix (technical assistant to AEA), for their management support and assistance and review of the draft report; Kirby Gilbert and Steve Padula, MWH Americas, for conceptual engineering information and review of the draft report; James Brady and Amanda Prevel–Ramos, HDR, Inc., for assistance in acquiring digitally scanned copies of historical documents from AEA’s microfiche collection; Jason Mouw, Monte Miller, and Bruce Dale, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, for background information and literature references; Steve Lewis, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for background information on eagle surveys; Anne Johnson and Sean Conlon, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, and Dan Regan, Resource Data, Inc., for assistance with GIS data; and Robin Reich, Solstice Alaska Consulting, for assistance with agency consultation and meetings. This report is the product of a team effort by ABR employees Brian Lawhead (technical lead and principal author), Robert Burgess (ABR project manager and editor), Susan Bishop (contributing author and editor), and