38834 WESTERN HEMISPHERE PAYMENTS and SECURITIES SETTLEMENT FORUM CENTRE for LATIN AMERICAN MONETARY STUDIES the WORLD BANK Public Disclosure Authorized

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38834 WESTERN HEMISPHERE PAYMENTS and SECURITIES SETTLEMENT FORUM CENTRE for LATIN AMERICAN MONETARY STUDIES the WORLD BANK Public Disclosure Authorized 38834 WESTERN HEMISPHERE PAYMENTS AND SECURITIES SETTLEMENT FORUM CENTRE FOR LATIN AMERICAN MONETARY STUDIES THE WORLD BANK Public Disclosure Authorized PAYMENTS AND SECURITIES Public Disclosure Authorized CLEARANCE AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN CURRENCY UNION Public Disclosure Authorized DECEMBER 2003 Public Disclosure Authorized PAYMENTS AND SECURITIES CLEARANCE AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN CURRENCY UNION PAYMENTS AND SECURITIES CLEARANCE AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN CURRENCY UNION WESTERN HEMISPHERE PAYMENTS AND SECURITIES SETTLEMENT FORUM CENTRE FOR LATIN AMERICAN MONETARY STUDIES THE WORLD BANK First English edition, 2004 © Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos y Banco Mundial, 2004 Publicado también en español Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, 2003 Durango 54, México, D.F. 06700 All rights reserved Derechos reservados conforme a la ley ISBN 968-6154--98-1 Printed and made in Mexico Impreso y hecho en México Foreword Following a request from the Western Hemisphere Finance Ministers, the World Bank launched in January 1999 the Western Hemisphere Payments and Securities Clearance and Settlement Initiative. The World Bank in partnership with the Centre for Latin American Monetary Studies (CEMLA) first led this Initiative, which, over the years, has evolved, into a permanent Forum as a result of the capacity already created throughout the Region. The Western Hemisphere Payments and Securities Settlement Forum represents the new set of organizational arrangements to give continuity to the efforts initiated under the Initiative and was launched formally in June 2003. The objective of the Forum is to describe and assess the payments systems of the Western Hemisphere with a view to identifying possible improvement measures in their safety, efficiency and integrity. To carry out this mandate an International Advisory Council (IAC) was established in March 1999 comprised of experts in the field from several institutions. In addition to representatives from the WB and CEMLA this Council includes members from the: Bank for International Settlements, Bank of Italy, Bank of Portugal, Bank of Spain, Council of Securities Regulators of the Americas (COSRA), De Nederlandsche Bank, European Central Bank, Federal Reserve Board, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Inter-American Development Bank, International Monetary Fund, International Organization of Securities Regulators (IOSCO), Securities Commission of Spain, Swiss National Bank and U.S. Securities Commission (SEC). To assure quality and effectiveness, the Forum includes two important components. First, all studies are conducted with the active participation of country officials and the project builds on the existing work being undertaken in the respective countries. Second, the Forum draws on international and national expertise on the subject, through the IAC, to provide guidance, advice and alternatives to current practices. The Forum has undertaken a number of activities in order to respond to the Western Hemisphere Finance Ministers’ request. These include: the preparation of public reports containing a systematic in-depth description of each country’s payments clearance and settlement systems; the delivery of recommendations reports to country authorities on a confidential basis; the organization of IAC meetings to review country studies and provide input for future work; the organization of workshops focusing on issues of particular interest; the creation of a web-page (www.ipho-whpi.org) to present the outputs of the Forum and other information of interest in the payments systems area; and the promotion of working groups to ensure a continuation of the project activity. CEMLA has been acting as the Technical Secretariat and is playing a major role in making the process sustainable and capable of extension to all the countries in the Hemisphere. To this end, the Forum has helped strengthen CEMLA’s in-house expertise. Additionally, practitioners in payments and securities clearance and settlement in some countries in the Region have participated in the studies under the Initiative and at present under the Forum, through CEMLA coordination, and this has contributed to the broadening of knowledge and the transfer of know-how within the Region. The endeavors of the working groups in coordination with CEMLA already provide this permanent Forum for the countries in the Region to discuss, coordinate, and add a collective impetus to the work in the area of payments and securities clearance and settlement systems. This Report “Payments and Securities Clearance and Settlement Systems in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union” is one of the public reports in the series and was prepared by the WHF Core Team and the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank, in coordination with CEMLA and the World Bank. Kenneth Coates David de Ferranti Cesare Calari Director General Vicepresident, LAC Vicepresident, Financial Sector CEMLA World Bank World Bank Acknowledgments A Western Hemisphere Payments and Securities Clearance and Settlement Initiative (WHI) mission visited the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB) in St. Kitts from April 10th to April 17th, 2000. This team comprised Massimo Cirasino (World Bank), Veronica Fucile (Banca d’Italia), Charlie Garrigues (World Bank), Daniel Heller (Swiss National Bank), and Ruthmilda Vos (Bank van de Nederlandse Antillen). Massimo Cirasino (World Bank) was the overall leader of the mission. During the mission, the international team worked in close coordination with several officials from the ECCB. Interviews were conducted with several central bank officers from different departments as well as with some commercial banks and other payment services providers. In addition, the international team assisted the ECCB in organizing a workshop on “Why and How to Reform the National Payments and Securities Clearance and Settlement Systems”. The workshop was attended by several central bank officers, commercial bank representatives, and other stakeholders in the payment system. During the workshop, the team was able to conduct informal interviews with representatives from other commercial banks of the currency area. Mr. Emanuel di Stefano B. Freire (WHI Team), working in close collaboration with the ECCB’s Payment System Project Team (Messeurs Henry Hazel and Alex Straun), coordinated the preparation of this report. The ECCB’s Payment System Project Team provided the vital effort of ensuring that the information reflects the current state of affairs regarding the payment and securities clearance and settlement systems of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU). The report benefited also from the comments of Massimo Cirasino, Jose Antonio Garcia (CEMLA and WGPS-LAC*), Baljit Vohra (Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange) and the staff of the ECCB. The WHI wants to express its appreciation to the Governor, Deputy Governor, the Payment System Project Team, other staff of the ECCB, and all the representatives of institutions visited and/or consulted for the full and enthusiastic support to the WHI activities and objectives. * Working Group on Payment System Issues of Latin America and the Caribbean. ECCU Report December 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL MARKET OVERVIEW .......................................................... 1 1.1 THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN CURRENCY UNION ......................................................................... 1 1.2 OVERVIEW OF RECENT REFORMS ......................................................................................... 2 1.3 MACROECONOMIC BACKGROUND ........................................................................................ 2 1.3.1 Gross Domestic Product ................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Prices ............................................................................................................... 4 1.3.3 Central Government Fiscal Operations.............................................................. 4 1.3.4 Money and Credit ............................................................................................. 5 1.3.5 Balance of Payments ......................................................................................... 6 1.3.6 External Debt.................................................................................................... 6 1.3.7 Estimates for 2003 ............................................................................................ 7 1.4 FINANCIAL SECTOR ........................................................................................................... 7 1.4.1 Regulatory and Supervisory Issues .................................................................... 8 1.5 CAPITAL M ARKETS ............................................................................................................ 9 1.6 MAJOR TRENDS IN PAYMENT SYSTEMS ................................................................................. 11 1.7 MAJOR TRENDS IN SECURITIES CLEARANCE AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS ........................................ 12 2 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS................................................................................................. 14 2.1 GENERAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................... 14 2.1.1 Payments ........................................................................................................ 14 2.1.2 Securities .......................................................................................................
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