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CR-21-C(PDF Report) Petrography, Geochemistry, and Volcanogenic Development of the San Francisco Mountain Volcanic System, Northern Arizona Richard F. Holm Northern Arizona University CONTRIBUTED REPORT CR-21-C June 2021 Arizona Geological Survey azgs.arizona.edu | repository.azgs.az.gov Arizona Geological Survey P.A. Pearthree, Arizona State Geologist and Director Manuscript approved for publication in June 2021 Printed by the Arizona Geological Survey All rights reserved For an electronic copy of this publication: www.repository.azgs.az.gov For information on the mission, objectives or geologic products of the Arizona Geological Survey visit azgs.arizona.edu This publication was prepared by the Arizona Geological Survey at the University of Arizona. The University of Arizona, or any department thereof, or any of their employees, makes no warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accura- cy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the University of Arizona. ___________________________ The AZGS Contributed Report series provides non-AZGS authors with a forum for publishing documents concerning Arizona geology. While review comments may have been incorpo- rated, this document does not necessarily conform to AZGS technical, editorial, or policy standards.The Arizona Geological Survey issues no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding the suitability of this product for a particular use. Moreover, the Arizona Geological Survey shall not be liable under any circumstances for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages with respect to claims by users of this product. The author(s) is solely responsible for the data and ideas expressed herein. Recommended Citation. Holm, R.F., 2021, Petrography, Geochemistry, and Volcanogenic Development of the San Francisco Mountain Volcanic System, Northern Arizona. Arizona Geological Survey CR-21-C, 36 p., 5 appendices. Cover image. San Francisco Mountain in winter. Photo by Ted Grussing. Petrography, Geochemistry, and Volcanogenic Development of the San Francisco Mountain Volcanic System, Northern Arizona Richard Holm* 2021 “From all points of view San Francisco Mountain stands out with great distinctness, rising with graceful outline to a height of 12,700 feet above the sea, or over 5,000 feet above the surrounding country.” Henry Hollister Robinson 1 CONTENTS ….Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………………………………3 ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….4 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………………..5 SAN FRANCISCO MOUNTAIN VOLCANIC SYSTEM……………………………………………….…...............6 San Francisco Mountain…………………………………………………………………………..………….7 Satellite Silicic Volcanoes……………………………………………………………………..……………..8 CHEMISTRY AND CLASSIFICATION OF LAVAS……………………………………………..…………………8 Field and Map Classification…………………………………………………………………..……………11 PETROGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………………………….………….....11 Methods…………………………………………………………………………………………………......11 Porphyritic-Aphanitic Rocks……………………………………………………………….…………….....11 Phenocrysts and Microphenocrysts…………………………………………………………....…..11 Silica Ranges of Minerals………………………………………………………………….....…...12 Mineral Assemblages……………………………………………………………………………...14 Textures……………………………………………………………………………………………15 Porphyritic and Granular Phaneritic Rocks…………………………………………………………………16 Mineral Assemblages and Textures……………………………………………………………….17 Anatectic Rocks……………………………………………………………………………………………..20 North Sugarloaf Trachyte Dome……………………………………………………………………………21 Contaminated and Mixed-Magma Rocks…………………………………………………………………...22 Anatectic Textures…………………………………………………………………………………22 Glassy Globules……………………………………………………………………………………23 Antipathetic Phenocryst Populations……………………………………………………………...23 Mafic Maroon Xenoliths………………………………………………………………………… 24 VOLCANOGENIC DEVELOPMENT……………………………………………………………............................25 Protocone……………………………………………………………………………………………………25 Volumes……………………………………………………………………………………………………..26 Geochronology……………………………………………………………………………………………...26 The Volcanic System and Surrounding Volcanoes…………………………………………………………28 The Volcanic Field………………………………………………………………………………………….30 Subterranean Processes……………………………………………………………………………………...30 Parental Magmas…………………………………………………………………………………..32 Rhyolites and the Granite System…………………………………………………………………………..32 Granophyric Residuum……………………………………………………………………………………...33 REFERENCES CITED……………………………………………………………………………………………….34 FIGURES 1. Map of San Francisco volcanic field………………………………………………………………………………..5 2. Google Map of San Francisco Mountain volcanic system…………………………………………………………6 3. Google Map of San Francisco Mountain……………………………………………………………………...……7 4. Rose diagram showing strikes of dikes in San Francisco Mountain………………………………………………..7 5. Total alkali-silica diagram of analyses of San Francisco Mountain volcanic system………………………………8 6. Total alkali-silica diagram of analyses of satellite silicic volcanoes……………………………………………….9 7. Harker diagrams of the San Francisco Mountain volcanic system……………………………………………….10 8. Diagram of K2O/Na2O vs SiO2……………………………………………………………………………………11 9. Histogram showing percent of phenocrysts and microphenocrysts……………………………………….………12 10. Diagram showing silica ranges and proportions of phenocrysts and microphenocrysts………………..……….12 11. Diagram showing silica ranges of minerals not shown in Figure 10…………………………………………….13 12. Photomicrograph of mugearite in crossed polarized light……………………………………………………….15 13. Photomicrograph of mugearite in plane polarized light………………………………………………………….15 14. Photomicrograph of benmoreite in plane polarized light………………………………………………………...15 2 15. Photomicrograph of benmoreite in plane polarized light………………………………………………………...15 16. Photomicrograph of benmoreite in plane polarized light………………………………………………………..16 17. Photomicrograph of trachyte in plane polarized light……………………………………………………………16 18. Geologic map of the Core Ridge area……………………………………………………………………………16 19. Photomicrograph of microdiorite in plane polarized light……………………………………………………….17 20. Photomicrograph of microdiorite in crossed polarized light…………………………………………………….17 21. Photomicrograph of alkali feldspar and quartz displaying micrographic texture………………………………..17 22. Photomicrograph of magnetite and orthopyroxene pseudomorph of olivine…………………………………….17 23. Photomicrograph of quartz monzodiorite in plane polarized light………………………………………………18 24. Photomicrograph of quartz monzodiorite in crossed polarized light…………………………………………….18 25. Photomicrograph of plagioclase crystal zoned to a mantle of alkali feldspar……………………………………18 26. Photomicrograph of granophyric residuum in quartz monzodiorite……………………………………………..18 27. Photomicrograph of olivine crystal replaced by serpentine and carbonate and mantled by pigeonite…………..18 28. Photomicrograph of pyroxene leucodiorite in plane polarized light……………………………………………..19 29. Photomicrograph of pyroxene leucodiorite in crossed polarized light…………………………………………..19 30. Photomicrograph of phyllosilicate pseudomorph of olivine crystal with mantle of inverted pigeonite………...19 31. Photomicrograph of crystals in Figure 30 in crossed polarized light……………………………………………19 32. Photomicrograph of inverted pigeonite with inclusions of altered olivine………………………………………19 33. Photomicrograph of inverted pigeonite in Figure 32 in crossed polarized light…………………………………20 34. Diagram of Zr vs SiO2...........................................................................................................................................20 35. Diagram of Rb vs SiO2…………………………………………………………………………………………...20 36. Photograph of quarry face of Pumice of Fremont Peak………………………………………………………….22 37. Photograph of impact structure in scoria bed in Pumice of Fremont Peak………………………………………22 38. Photomicrograph showing anatectic texture in pyroxene gneiss in plane polarized light……………………….22 39. Photomicrograph of gneiss in Figure 38 in crossed polarized light……………………………………………..23 40. Photomicrograph of andesitic glassy globule in rhyolite vitrophyre…………………………………………….23 41. Photomicrograph of labradorite and augite xenocrysts in rhyolite………………………………………………23 42. Photograph of mafic maroon xenoliths in Older Dacite of Doyle Peak…………………………………………24 43. Photograph of a projection of a thin section of a mafic maroon xenolith……………………………………… 24 44. Photograph of andesitic agglomerate ……………………………………………………………………………25 45. Diagram showing growth history of San Francisco Mountain volcanic system…………………………………28 46. Total alkali-silica diagram of 314 analyses………………………………………………………………………29 47. Diagram of normative hy, di, ol, ne of 92 basalt analyses……………………………………………………….31 48. Diagram of Zr vs SiO2……………………………………………………………………………………………31 49. Diagram of Ba/Zr vs MgO……………………………………………………………………………………….31 50. Diagram of the granite system…………………………………………………………………………………...33 TABLES 1. Satellite Silicic Volcanoes……………………………………………………………………………………...…..8 2. Summary of Assemblages of Phenocrysts and Microphenocrysts in Modes of Aphanitic Rocks………………..14 3. Trace Elements of North Sugarloaf, Sugarloaf, and Selected Trachyte Lavas ……………………………………21 4. Petrographic Data of Mafic Maroon Xenoliths……………………………………………………………………25 5. Stratigraphy of Principal Volcanic Map Units…………………………………………………………………….27 6. Analyzed Rocks in San Francisco Mountain Volcanic System…………………………………………………...28 7. Analyzed Rocks in 10-km-Wide Ring…………………………………………………………………………….28
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