National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Juno Mission to

Juno’s primary goal is to reveal the story of the forma- tion and evolution of the giant planet Jupiter. Using a microwave observational technique for the first time, Juno detects the thermal radiation from several layers deep below the clouds simultaneously. This allows Juno to determine the all-important water abundance. The motion of the spacecraft near Jupiter provides informa- tion on Jupiter’s gravity field, whether a solid core exists and how the giant planet rotates. Multiple orbits provide Juno the ability to precisely measure the magnetic field and investigate its auroras—the strongest in the solar system. An understanding of the origin and evolution of Jupiter, as the archetype of giant planets, can provide the knowledge needed to understand the origin of our

solar system and planetary systems around other stars. NASA

Launch Period August 2011 (Launch from Cape Canaveral)

Earth Flyby October 2013 (Earth )

Arrival at Jupiter August 2016 End of Mission (Deorbit) October 2017 Spacecraft Mass 3625 kg Solar Arrays (3) 2.65 m x 8.9 m (435 W total at end of mission)

Science Objectives Instrument

Atmospheric Composition Measure the water and ammonia Microwave Radiometer (MWR) and and Dynamics abundance in Jupiter’s atmosphere Infrared Spectrometer/Imager (JIRAM)

Magnetic Field Determine magnetic field and time Fluxgate (MAG) variability

Gravity Field Measure the gravity field to explore how X- & Ka-band uplink and downlink mass is distributed inside the planet

Polar Magnetosphere Explore and characterize the three- Juno Energetic Particle Detector Instru- dimensional magnetosphere and auroras ment (JEDI), Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE), Ultraviolet Spectrom- eter (UVS), Radio and Plasma Ex- periment (WAVES), Infrared Spectrometer/ Imager (JIRAM)

Visible Imaging Camera Public processing of unprecedented close- JunoCam up images of Jupiter and the first views of its poles www..gov Jupiter JPL 400-13824/09 Pasadena, California California Institute ofTechnology Jet PropulsionLaboratory National AeronauticsandSpace Administration 2 millionmiles)toward theSunandtapersintoawind- balloons 1millionto3kilometers(600,000 magnetosphere, andfields, comprisingtheseparticles rents thatdriveJupiter’s auroras. powerful TheJovian speed motionaround theplanetcreates immensecur- (electronscharged particles andions)whosehigh- Jupiter’s of magneticfieldtrapsswarms enormous more thantentimesthemassofEarth. center, theimmensepressure asolidcore maysupport fast rotation inwaysthatwedon’t yetunderstand.Atthe generated byelectricalcurrents drivenbytheplanet’s conducting layer, Jupiter’s magneticfieldis powerful becomes electricallyconducting,likeametal.Inthis about athird ofthewaydown,liquidhydrogen compressing thehydrogen gasintoaliquid.Atdepths the atmosphere, pressure andtemperature increase, that oftheSun—mostlyhydrogen andhelium.Deepin The compositionofJupiter’s atmosphere issimilarto hasbeenobservedformorestorm, than300years. for decades.TheGreat Red Spot,agiantspinning these beltsandzonesaresystemsthatcanrage storm west windsintheplanet’s upperatmosphere. Within below. Jupiter’s “stripes”are created bystrong east– are composedofammonia. Water cloudsexist deep and atmosphericfeatures. Most ofthevisibleclouds Jupiter’s ofbeautifulcolors appearanceisatapestry beyond. systemsthroughoutof theseplanetary ourgalaxyand mysterious worldwillhelpusunderstandtheformation around otherstars,andthestudy ofthisstrangeand of Jupiter-like planetsnowbeingdiscovered inorbits resembles astarincomposition. There are hundreds Composed mostlyofhydrogen andhelium,Jupiter more massivethanallofthe otherplanetscombined. The largestplanetinoursolarsystem,Jupiteris

http://newfrontiers.nasa.gov/missions_juno.html http://www.nasa.gov/juno For moreinformationaboutJuno, goto: asteroids captured byJupiter’s gravity. planet intotal.Numerous small,outermoonsmaybe have discovered more than60moonsorbitingthegiant also liewithinCallistoandGanymede.Astronomers ocean beneathitsfrozen crust,andsimilaroceansmay netic field. appearstopossessaliquidwater moon inthesolarsystemknowntohaveitsownmag- moonandistheonly isthelargestplanetary the mostvolcanicallyactivebodyinoursolarsystem. and —were discovered byGalileoin1610.Iois Jupiter’s fourlargestmoons—,Europa, Ganymede, inner moons. by dustassociatedwiththegiantplanet’s foursmall andmaybeformed consist mostlyoffinedustparticles Theringsappearto fainter thantheringsofSaturn. Jupiter hasthree thinringsaround itsequatorthatare ture inthesolarsystem,evenlargerthanourSun. orbit. Jupiter’s magnetosphere isthusthelargeststruc- ters (600millionmiles)behindJupiterasfarSaturn’s sock-shaped tailextendingmore than1billionkilome- A CassiniviewofJupiterin2000.

NASA