Please Acknowledge Receipt. Pl. Put up Draft Communication to Be Addressed to Ethiopia, Without of Course Implied Acceptance of Somali Charges

Please acknowledge receipt. Pl. put up draft communication to be addressed to Ethiopia, without of course implied acceptance of Somali charges. U Thant 10/4 cv ,

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1 2 D I FR CD I IO I

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28 No~r 1962

Dear Mr. Prime Miniater,

In rq letter of 25 October 1962 I had i ndicated that I would let you know my final decision r egarding the continuation of the

Special Mission in Somalia. I have noW reviewed the matter with rq colleagues and would like to inform you that I am agreeable to the c:s>ntinuation of the Special Mission under • Azfar until t he end of 1963. I am glad to lqJow of the important contribution that the Mission has nade to the work of 70ur Gowmment, but I regret that, llainly for financial reason:s, it will not be possible to conti nue the services of the Special Mission, in its present •orm, beyond 1963 ..

I should like to take this opportunity to raise with you the questions of the functions and role of the two Missio s in

His Excellency • Absirashid Ali Shermarke Prime Minister Mogadiscio, SoJII&li. Republic

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Somalia, viz. the Special Mission and that of the Resident Repre- sentative of the Technical Assistance Board. It is essential, I think, that aLl activities of a technical assistance nature s hould be coordinated by the TAB Mission, and that the Special 1-'.dssion should concentr

Somalia. The Resident Representatin o! t he Tee nical Assistance

Board can also at that time be requested to undertake certain representational duties on ~ behalf~ mutual agreement.

I hope that the above arrangements will be acceptable to you and to your Government.

Yours sincerely,

U Tbant Acting Secretary-Gen ral /in

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A I D E M E M 0 I R E TO THE SECRETARIAT OF THE UNITED NATIONS ON THE OCCASION OF THE VISIT OF Ho E. ABDI RASHID ALI SHARMARKE PRIME MINISTER OF THE SOMALI REPUBLIC TO THE UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS ON NOVEMBER 29, 1962 The General Assembly in 1949 res~lved that Somalia would become an independent state on or before December 1960. Through United Nations Trusteeship, which lasted about ten yearsy Italy and the United Kingdom administered Italian s~ malia and British Somaliland to independence under different administrative systems and with different official languageso A union of both territories into the Somali Republic was effected on July l~ 1960 and less than six months ag~, S~malia celebrated its Second Anniversary.

ROLE OF THE U.N. SPECIAL MISSION

Long before the independence of the Somali Republic, the U.N " has maintained a Special Mission there. One of the main functions of this Mission has been to carry forward the program of the U.N . Technical Assistance Board. As a creation of the United Nations, Somalia is and always has been appre ciative of the generous aid rendered by the United Nations and realizes that the progress that has so far been made, could not have been achieved without United Nations assistance. The

Somali Republic favors) as a matter of principle~ internatio nal aid administered either by the United Nations or multi- - 2 -

lateral assistance. It is not unappreciative, however, ~f the bilateral aid it has so far received from other countries.

One of the earliest wards of the United Nations~ the Somali Republic believes it deserves the continuance of this help until it can at least stand on its own feet.

The Special Mission has also played an impressive role in assisting the Government of Somalia to operate the following bodies:

l. The Planning and Coordinating Committee for Economic and Social Development. 2. The Consultative Integration Commission. J. The Administrative Improvement Commission.

The first Committee (supra) deals with our nation's economic and social development and plays a central role in the further enhancement of our people's well-being. Community development~ the settlement and educatinn of Somali nomads~ who make up a substantial part of our populatinn~ are some ~f the problems it faces. Another factor that has retarded our - 3 -

development, especially in the South~ was the unprecedent floods in the Fall of 1961 which covered almost one-third of our country disrupting entire communities and requiring extensive reconstruction and extra budgetary capital out layso The immediate response of the United Nations and the international community was really gratifying and will long be remembered by our peopleo

The second Commission (supra) has the all important func~~ . on of unifying legal codes with different theoretical basis and practises~ developing new laws which may be needed to spur investments, and advancing the democratic rule of law throughout the country. Our customs, culture and current policy desiderata must all be considered whether they are codifying the esisting or fashioning new laws~ so that we shall have one viable modern system acceptable to the people of Somalia and their traditions~ The United Nations has assisted in this task by providing legal experts, but this wor:: is far from finishedo The codification, and admini stra tion of the l aws and of justice under the laws is still far from sufficiently developed so as to be self-sustaining with - 4 -

Somali personnel.

Administration in Somal ia must be vastly improved~ and this task is under the supervision of the third Commission (supra). One factor that has still to be overcome is the di vergent administrative systems that existed in Italian Somalia and British Somaliland prior to the union. The different admi nistrative languages~ and the absence of a national Somali script further hampers our efforts to have uniform administra tion throughout the Somali Republic. Our aim is to achieve the most efficient form of administratinn~ so as to free a

larger share of our normal budget for use in development 1 edu cation and other valuable and needy programs. Archaic and traditional methods must be studied to see hnw they can be supplanted with more modern approaches and methods. With modernization and the changes that must take place, retraining programs must be instituted. We hope to develop a uniform civil service based and administered on a merit system. Advan ced Public Administration training for junior and senior civil servants is essential. Some provision should also be made to give our top echelon administrators the opportunity to take - 5 -

sabbatical leaves abroad during which time they could take advanced university training in their speciality.

When it is recalled that illiteracy in the Somali

Republic is still quite high~ that opportunities for education

through High School is ntill quite limited~ that there are

only limited university facilities in our nation; that~despite the strenuous efforts of the Somali Republic since independence.

To improve this situation we need training cadres and many, many more additional high level executives and admi nistrators through the United Nations' OPEX program to help in administrationj to give in-service training to Somali nationals and to help our country to create a first class body of natio nal civil servants on whom we can depend for all our techni

cians and staff for such Committees and Commissions~ codifiers and administrators.

Not only does the Republic of Somalia need high

level experts~ but even the secretarial and translator and

interpreter staff which the Special Mission provides~ is essen- - 6 -

tial for the continued efficient operation of the above named bodies. The Somali Government does not yet have the qualified staff necessary to provide such services~ and if left unpro vided for their usefulness and existence would quickly be ended.

While it is true that the Somali Republic has had numerous experts from the Trusteeship Powers» and other nations on a bilateral basis» for which we have been most thankful» it would be most unrealistic not to plan for their ultimate repla cement by Somali nationals. Until that time, however, we shall continue to require considerable assistance form expatriate experts and additional financial assistance to carry out these necessary improvements. The United Nations, we believe~ should treat Somalia as a special case at this time for the reasons already noted above.

With regard to the economic development of our country~ the Government has already prepared, with the co-ope ration of United Nations experts , numerous projects including the initiation of new agricultural units~ the drilling of water - 7 -

wells~ irrigation systems~ fishing~ roads and communicationsj and harbors and po··ts development~ The details of individual projects are available for examination. The Somali Republic hopes that the United Nations will give sympathetic conside ration to supplying the financial resources needed to carry out these plans.

In addition~ if the United Nations should recommend to other internationally oriented institutions that they make direct investments in our country in the fields of agriculture» industry and commerce~ we would be extremely grateful and will facilitate their entry.

The continued and expanded assistance of the Specia lized Agencies of the United Nations in implementing some of

the projects already planned 9 would be of special value to the

Somali R e public~ since these Age ncies are already operating there and have established a friendly and harmonious working relationship with our Government.

Our task is a formidable one; one which would be impossible for us to undertake successfully alone. We need - 8 -

the United Nations Special Mission to continue not only un abated~ but gratly expanded for at least another five years.

For purely domestic budgetary reasons in Somalia~ the United Nations has previously waived the condition that we provide the local costs of United Nations Technical Assis tance. While our budgetary position is expected to remain difficult~ for at least the next two years~ the Somali Repu blic would be willing to provide a portion of the required local expenses for the additional United Nations staff assigned to Somalia9 to show its spirit of co-operation and self-sacrifice. CS/ive

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• UNITED NATIONS • NATIONS UNIES

~ NEW YORK

~IL.& NO.: PO 230 SOMAL

••••• The enclosed communication dated 20 De ~

UN/108/610 20th December 1962

The Permanent Representative of Somalia to the

United Nations presents his compliments to the sEcretary-General

of the United Nations and has the honour to enclose a copy of a

statement on the subject of Somali/Ethiopian relations issued to-

day by the Chairman of the Somali Delegation to the XVII Session

of the U.N. General Assembly.

The Permanent Representative of Somalia would be

grateful if this document could be circulated amongst member states

of the United Nations for information.

The Permanent Representative of Somalia avails him-

self of this opportunity to renew to the Secretary-General the assu-

ranees of his highest cons idera tion. PERMANENT MISSION OF SOMALIA TO THE UNITED NATIONS 238 EAST 48TH STREET. NEW YORK 17. N.Y.

STATE,lliNT BY THE SOMALI DELEGaTION TO THE 17TH SESSION OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY

CONCET)NING THE quESTION OF SOJ'IJ\LI-.ETHIOPIAN RELATIONS In view of certain statements made by the Ethiopian

Representative at the plenary sessi~n of the General Assembly

~n October 18, and his deliberate distortion ~f facts relating tn Somali/Ethiopian relations, the Somali Delegation feels impelled t~ refute those statements, and to place the question

~f Somali/Ethiopian relations in its pr~p&r perspective. This is particularly necessary because the insidious propaganda spread by the Ethiopian authorities in recent years and designe1 to build up a favnurable image abroad is misleading world npinion about Ethiopia's role in the Horn of Africa.

L~t us take as the first point the Ethiopian repre sentative's denial that his country is a cclonial power, and his false assertion that Somalia had been part of Ethiopia for 3000 years. The latter is a theme that has run through Ethiopian policy for the past eighty years - ever since that country, led by Menelik, was brought under the iron heel ~f the

Amharas in the latter part ~f the 19th century. The Ethiopian representative has tried to deny that Ethiopia is an expansio nist nation, but the po l itical f acts both of yesterday and t o day spea k ot herwi seo To understand Ethiopia's aims t oday one must go back to Menelik, the founder nf the modern Ethiopian state. It was he who created the Ethiopian expansionist dream that sti ll f l our ishe s strongly today. - 2 -

In a cireular letter which he sent to Heads of

Eur~p€an states in 1e91j the Emperor Menelik claimed areas to the south, east and west of the Amhara territory, which had never seen Ethiopians hithertoo The extent of Menelik's ambition f~r territorial aggrandisement can be judged from the following. paragraphs which are taken from that circular letter:

·'While tracing today the actual boundaries of my Empirej I shall endeavour, if God gives me life and strengthy to re-establish the ancient frontiers

of Ethi~pia up to Khart~urnj and as far as Lake Nyanza with all the Gallas. Ethiopia has been for fourteen centuries a Christian island in a sea of pagans. If Powers at a distance come forward to partition Africa between them, I do not intend to be an indifferent spectator. ·'

It was in this peri~d, and the ensuing years, that hi story witne ssed fnr the first time Abyssinia's (now Ethiopi< fictitious assertinn to sovereignty over substantial parts of Somali territory.

The expansi~nist policies laid down by Menelik are be ing continued today by the present Ethiopi an regime a lbeit - 3 -

with more finesse. Ethiopian designs manifested themselves at the 1945 Paris Peace Conference when an attempt was made to mislead the powers concerned by putting forward a comple tely false claim to the land of the Somali people as one of Ethiopian's lost provinces·.

The Somali Delegation has already dwelt at length (A/pv.ll55 of 18 October 1962) on the further steps which have been taken by the present Ethiopian Government to support their claim after it had been rejected by the powers concerned. the lam of However, it is necessary once and for all to end the myth that/ the Somali people has ever constituted a ,; lost province 11 of Ethiopia. It is the Somali Delegation's intention to leave no doubt in the mind of anyone that the Ethiopian Representa- tive's statement that for 3000 years Somalia was part of Ethiopia · is the purest fantasy. It was an insult to the members of the General Assembly that it should have been presented with such a distortion of fact.

The land of the Somali people~ quite contrary to the Ethiopian Representative's contentions, has enjoyed its own

continuous, if unspectacular~ history quite separate from Ethiopia.As historians know its origins can be traced back to over 2000 years B"Co when it wa s known as the Land of - 4 -

Punt - a name ascribed to it by the ancient Egyptianso In more recent times dating from the lOth century A.D. there is ample historical evidence pointing to the uninterrupted independence of the Somali people and the integrity of their land from all forms of alien rule of influence, Ethiopian and otherss until the late 19th centuryo

If, as the Ethiopian Representative has claimed, Somalia and Ethiopia were one for 3000 years, why is there no trace of Ethiopian influence on the culture of the Somali people? Why have the Somali people retained intact their racial homogeniety, their language, their traditions and customs and their religion? Why is it that the Ethiopian nuthorities in the Somali territories still have to use interpreters and translators to converse with the Somali inhabitants if the two areas have been one for the length of time which the Ethiopians claim~ and furthermore, why has there not been the degree of inter-mingling which one would expect from so close a union over so long a period? The Ethiopian authorities know that the answer to these questions is to be found in the basic fact that there has never been any union between the two regions» and that the gulf which divides them is as great today as it was three thousand years ago. - 5 -

As far as an historical political association is concernedp the wild claims that are being made at present are surely not based on those sporadic border raids by Abyssinian brigands which seldom passed beyond the outer fringes of Somali territory and which were generally re pulsed. Furthermore those incursions never resulted in the exercise of continuous control or the effective appli cation of Ethiopian administration. It was not until the last two d"ecade·s of the 19th century that Abyssinian forces were able to penetrate~ with any successp into Somali terri tory.

This penetration was made possible by the fact that the European powers gave encouragement and material support in the form of superior weaponsj to the expansionist plan of Menelik. They were willing to do this as they them selves were also engaged in the partition of the Horn of Africaj and it salved their conscience to have an African Government similarly involved in the dismemberment and sub jection of a noighbouring African people.

We should not be misled into be~ieving that biblical references to Ethiopia bear any resemblance to the Ethiopia which exists today. Historians have identified the true and - 6 -

ancient Empire of Ethiopia as having been founded by a Nubian Hamitic dynasty on the middle Nile sometime before the tenth century BoCu The last vestige of this ancient Ethiopian-Nubian civiliza tion disappeared in the 14th century AuD o The neighbouring Kingdom of Aksum in Eritrea then appropriated for itself the name Ethiopiaj and this name was adopted in place of Abyssinnia by a decree of Emperor Haile Selassie in 1941.

The relations between the warring Abyssinian principalities and the Somali people gave neither ancient Ethiopia nor present day Ethiopia any historical claim to an Empire including the Somali nation. To bring the story close r to the truth ~ the European ;scramble · for Africa in the late 19th century did not interfere with the so-called

Ethiopian overlordship of the Somali people. That overlord~ ship had never in fact existed.

The second point which deserves attention is the reference which the Ethiopian Representative made to a report which appeared in the New York Times~ and emanating from Addis Ababa" It alleged that chiefs from five tribes of the northern region of the Somali Republic had petitioned Emperor Haile Selassie asking for his help in liberating them from - 7 -

"oppression and degradation under the colonial yoke of So mali Republic rule;;.

Similar fictitious petitions and :!demonstrations·: were frequently arranged by the Ethiopian authorities even when the British were responsible for the welfare of Somali nomads in the Reserved Areas and the Haud. They form part of a deliberate policy of suborning the Somali nomads.

The Somali Government has made a careful investi- gation into this particular incident and has ascertained that on October 7, 1962~ the Ethiopian authorities~ stationed along the frontier adjacent to the Northern Region of the Somali Republic9 compelled Somali nomads living in the Siguden area to attend a meeting under threat of expulsion from the Haud. The meeting was attended by Ethiopian Government reporters and photographers. In their presence a prepared petition in Arabic was signed by seventeen signatories pur porting to represent Somalis from the Northern Region. These

so~called representatives have since been identified as paid Ethiopian agents resident iri Ethiopia. As was to be expected several photographs of this faked "demonstration · later appeared in the Ethiopian Government-controlled newspapers showing about 50 persons holding ten placards with anti-Somali - $ -

slogans. For those who are unfamiliar with the H~ud grazing area» Siguden is an occasional watering centre with no settle ments and the placards which were used in the so-called ,; demon stration : had obviously been manufactured elsewhere by the Ethiopian authorities and imported for the purposeo It is interesting to note that the Ethiopians have carefully avoided giving publicity to the fact that the Somali nomads who had beeo coerced into attending the meetingj immediately after wards despatched a delegation to the Somali regional authori ties at Hargeisa to c~mplain about the incident and the coercion used by the Ethiopian authorities.

In addition to the Siguden affairj the Ethiopian authorities resorted to further stratagems to gain control over the Somali nomads living in the area o Between October

4 and October 7 ~ the Ethiopia ns began hiring motor-transport in the borde r r egions unde r their control to carry wha tever

nomads they could find to A ga r e h ~ Harshin and Jigjiga to hear a new policy statement on thei r ' st a tus by the l ocal Ethiopian authorities o The policy gave the noma ds the choice of acce pt ing Ethiopi an st a tus by publicly r enouncing their Somali

nationali ty or ~f be ing expell ed from the Haud.

The se are incidents which formed the basis for the - 9 -

Ethiopian Foreign Minister's statement to the General Assembly on October 12 that hundreds of thousands of Somali nationals had marched into Ethiopia to make strong manifesta tions for union with his country. Ever since Ethiopia was given the Haud and Reserved Areas in 1955~ first the British authorities and again the Somali authorities following inde pendence, have received numerous complaints from Somali nomads of Ethiopian attempts to induce them to accept Ethiopian nationality. Ethiopia is now using the threat of expulsion of Somali nomads from the Haud to secure the renunciation of their nationality, and also to induce the people of the Northern Regiont who depend for their livelihood on this valuable pasture, to secede from the Somali Republic.

These tactics are not new ones. It is interesting to read the following account by a Special Correspondent of the London Times written from Harar in October 1956 after a visit to the Haud at a time when the Ethiopians were exerting pressure on the nomads as part of a move to win them over. To use the correspondent's own words~he said:

7 ' If they (the Ethiopians) are successful it will rmly be a matter of time before Somaliland comes under their c0ntrol; for British Somaliland (as the Northern - 10 -

Region was then called) cannot survive without the Haud, and without British Somaliland there can be no hope of a federated and independent greater Somalia. The Ethiopian authorities are concerned with two kinds of people - the nomadic tribsmen and the sedentary communities. Both are vulnerable, but the latter are especially defenceless. It can be said that they have already been seized and that the first phase nf the campaign ha s been won. The measures used were not particularly pleasant. As Somalis here and in the Haud describe itj the campaign was opened by a display of fore ~ . In 1951 when Ethiopian authority wa s being imposed in the Oga den province for the first timej tax colle ctors tried t o extort t axe s from the Gerri» an Et hiopi an Somali tribe living on the frontier of the Haudy retro s pective to 1935 nr the Ita lia n conquest . Vfuen the t r ibe r evolted a nd ki l led t wo policemen t he ir village s we r e destroyed and seven prisoner s taken . These we r e det a i ned unt il August 1955 wh en Mr . Mi chael Mari ano of the Somali Na t iona l Frontg went t o London and New York to present t he Somali case t o the Britis h Gover n ment a nd the United N a tio n s~ a nd t h e Soma l i na tion was 11

confident. On August 12, the seven men were publicly hanged in the main square of Jigjiga, a town near the Haud. The method was most brutal; the men were haltered and stood on the tailboard of lorries which

were dropped~ leaving them to swing and slowly die. The Somalis received this brutality as a warning of what would happen to anybody who disputed Ethiopian authority. ;

It ha s been necessary to quote this account because this outrage against the Somali people has set the pattern for even more brutal ones in the succeeding years.

It is relevant to quote again the London Times

Special Correspondent report 9 this time on the question of the inhuman measures adopted by the Ethiopian authorities towards the Somali nomads, and in particular to an incident in 1956 affecting tribesmen of the Esa - a large and important branch of the Somali people. The correspondent wrote:

7 ' Individual tribesmen have been brutally treated (it is not possible to describe the intensely painful and humilia ting torture ) and Ethiopia n police have atta cked the tribal womeno The Esa tribe was punishe d for a r eason not expla ined a nd a ccording - 12 -

to official estimates about 200 people were killed and others mutilated. ·

The Ethiopian delegate has denied in the General Assembly that Somalis living in the areas controlled by Ethiopia have been murdered and has asserted that these charges were of our own creation. It should be sufficient for us to say that the press reports quoted above and describ ing Ethiopian brutalities were from a foreign correspondent of a newspaper with an international reputation for integrity and impartiality.

If further proof is needed of our charges we can cite incidents which have occurred in more recent years and which are equally well a uthenticated. At two pla ces in the Haud - Langairteh and Haabo Humeyd - in December 19599 Somali women and children were brutally murdered by Ethiopian Frontie r Guards . An impartial account of these incidents is given in the following extracts from an officia l r e port by the British Liaison Organization which was responsible at the time for the Somalis in the Ha ud.

Referring to the Lagairteh incident the British Liaison Officer wrote: - 13 -

"On the 2nd and Jrd of December a force of Ethiopian Frontier Guards apparently without provocation attacked Langairteh village and its environs. They killed four men and one woman. One of the men was shot and then bayoneted to death. They wounded two women and one man and left them for dead. Two children who were in the village are still missing and probably have been killed and possibly buried. A line of three arishes, permanent as opposed to movable huts, and five encampments were burnt. They

looted and destroyed ~lnost 311 the pnrt ~bl~ property in the village and again slaughtered a large number of sheep and goats. :

The British Liaison Officer further observed that the Ethiopians had arrived in the area determined to wreak vengeance on Somalis there. He remarked t l:e.'.:. the who le civilized world and the United Nations would be shocked by those savage atrocities.

Reporting on the second incident which took place at Haabn Humeyd in the Ha ud grazing areas on December 15 9 1959 the British Liaison Officer reported as follows:

'My Officers and I have personally investigated - 14 -

these incidents and we are satisfied that the following main incide:'.ts occurred: - the evening of 1st December and early morning of 2nd December

a force of Ethiopian Frontier Gu~rds~ without provocation, attacked four rers (encampments) at Haabo Humeyd, bayoneted and beat to death one sick old man, shot and killed two women (one

pregnant), shot and burnt to death one girl~ shot and probably k:i.lled another woman \Ihose body has not yet been found, shot and wounded a year old

child~ looted the four rers and burnt three of them, and slaughtered about 30 sheep and goats and eome camels. '

The Ethiopian Representative cannot denyt without bringing further dishonour to his country "J the f ac·~ th o~; hundreds of Somali men, women and children were ruthlessly massacred and mutilated by the Imperial Ethiopia ~ force~; :.n

I the town of Aiscia and its environs in mid-August of 1960 as a collective punishment for the derailing of a train in the area by some unknown bandits. Those innocent and def e n~e -

less people were bombed by Ethiopian Air Force plar:.es ~ h '.l:C t t=.; d

down by armoured forces and subjected to barba :·itics lE1 :JCl: ralleled since World War II. - 15 -

The· Ethiopian Delegation no doubt finds it dis tasteful to recall the savage killing at Danot a few months later when 121 Somali men, women and children were murdered by a combined attack of Ethiopian Air Force planes and mili tary units. The excuse for this savagery was the fabricated allegation that military units from the Somali Republic had been masquerading as nomads in the area. Finally, must the Ethiopian Delegation be again reminded about the murder of a large number of the Somali population in the town of Dagahbur last year by drunken and trigger-happy Ethiopian troops? If Ethiopia is allowed to gb uncensured at the bar of world opinion for these acts, then there is little meaning in the Charter of Human Rights to which all Member States of the United Nations are pledged to support.

We come last of all to the questi6n of self-determi nation for those Somalis who are suffering under the yoke of Ethiopian domination. The Ethiopian Representative in reply ing to the Somali challenge (see A/PV.ll55 of Oct.l$,1962) that a referendum be held to determine whether the Somali people now under Ethiopian Administration~ want to be ruled by Ethiopia or the Somali Republic, tried to brush aside the matter. We sympathise with him in his predicament. He is as fully aware as we are as to what the result of such a refe- - 16 - rendum would be. The Representative has said thnt Ethiopia settled the question of self-determination a long time ago. This can only be true if the conquest by Menelik of an un willing people can be described as self-determination. It is a well known fact that the Southern and Eastern provinces. of Ethiopia are a very recent addition to the ~thiopian Empire, and were annexed in .the late 19th century at the time when the fever of territorial aggrandisment had seized not only the European Powers but also the Amharas. One has

only to go back to 1g75 to learn of the conquest by the 0 Amharas of the land of the Gurage, to 1gg2 for the conquest of the Arussi, to the 1890s for the extension of their iron grip over Bale, Sidamo and Arussi, and of a vast portion of Somali territory.

It should be clearly understood that the Somalis. living under Ethiopian domination have never had an opportu nity bf freely expressing their opinion of the Ethiopian Government. Freedom df expression is not one of the freedoms enjoyed under Ethiopian rule. If the Ethiopi~n Foreign Minister's claim that hundreds of thousands of Somali nationals marched into Ethiopia to make strong manifestations for union with that country is true, he should have no difficulty whatever in accepting the proposal made by the - 17 -

Somali Foreign Minister in the Plenary Session of the United Nations General Assembly on October 1$, 1962. This proposal stated that the Somali Government was quite prepared, subject to one conditionJ to permit a United Nations Commission to visit the Somnli Republic and ascertain from its inhabitants whether they wished to join in union with. Ethiopia or not. If the majority of the people voted for union with Ethiopia the Somali Government was prepared to accede to their wishes. The one condition attached to that proposal was this: the Ethiopian Government must in turn, permit the same independent United Nations Commission to hold a plebiscite among the So mali population there to ascertain whether they wish to join the Somali Republic or not. Should the Somalis vote in favour of unity with the Somali Republic, then Ethiopia must be pre- , pared to relinquish forthwith those territories and allow them to re-unite with their motherland.

The acceptance of ·this proposal by Ethiopia would put an end to the double talk and standards which her policies have engendered in recent years. It would, too, serve to test Ethiopia's sincerity towards the principle of self-deter mination which she seeks to apply to other colonial powers, but which she is not prepared to extend to the subject Somali people under her domination. - Mohamed Ali Daar - Chairman of the Somali Delegatior '"' nfid nti 1 . REPUBBLICA• SOMALA _..._ di ci~ , F bruary 20 , 1963 IL PRIMO MINISTRO

D r ,J.r . cr t y G n 1 ,

1) :-. .1i h t l. h~nk yot -r r·y r uch / ·our 1 tt r J t d 28th ovomb r 196 • I m _1 a _ th t

y u h~ve agro d to th co~tinuntion f the cci 1

'"'istaion in it pr s nt f rm till th n n J53 . Thi8 ahfL. i. ccept·bl to -~h Gov nm nt . "' h 1.Ld b ...~ t

~. Azf r ' s dvic n vari u probl ms Hil pr ent. 12_ You h.V rai d the _u scion

th functions ·+' t'1 tV.'O i f'i n !1 m p ci 1 ' i"'sion and that 0~ th RQ icl nt R pr~ Gmt tiv_, T. . )3 .

} y u h·VO zre d t the extcl1°i n f th· J:>0Ci 1 i ion in its I>!' s nt form, il; i'" pr au d "!;' ""'t :for JGlJ.

dur~ti n f th~ xt n ion tll - iss ion:;~ 'I uld cc- 11·~ · _ :u"'

to ftmcti !1 . I'J .t prQ .:nt . ] 13 you kn v, tbr lvio r,..,. ' .namely thos on 00 n mic , 1 w ncl dminiotr tion, wh ' '. .rork ie t :or ent coordin t d un r i.:lp cial i si n, ..... hav thr u hout bean Cal'"'ri d 11 th T 0 Bud t. . Tll '

Gov rllffi nt ttachoc v ry hibh 11ri rity t th t . clmical l)rovidad by ·th dvi 0rs. Th c _ (• inu . i;i n .. _.. " i,.,tanc~ b y nd 1 ... 63 f'h uld thcr~f rc - sent 1.in .ncial probl m. il r--h 11 hv n bj cti n to the f th s dvi .r t the norma T. .i ·sion ft r 1963 . ' ...

REPUBBLICA• SO~IALA IL PRIMO- MINISTRO 2

ou hav propos th t 't r 19..-3 th

.I. RO\. id nt -. lr tiv AE c ul 0 ntru u : ' ·~,h c rt in r pr 1 "'unctions on yur b h lf 'iii th utu 1 ""'rc m n ·• This oh"'ulcl be .11 ri llt . Ho't. v r , . h J1 tha. t th _ osid nt TAB would b f t .tur·"" , c mbini g vari d

X ri nc 1i th ini ti ti vo and clrivc .

-) I uld lilcQ t t kc thi

th 1k ry nc rt in r y 1.rr co- i u v ~armly e 0

With b . t l'i

Yom.~.., Sil.C r ly,

rc m li ,

HiP :o'c1lcncy Dr. U ~ i rT cr tar.;r G n r · t'" Unit d ti Il"" r .Y. 11 March 1963

Dear Mr. Prime Minister, Thank you tor your letter (Ret: 16.452) ot 20 Februar.y 1963 . I am glad t o note that you are in agreement with my proposal to have all t echnical assistance activities in ~amalia co-ordinated b.y the Technical Assistance Board Mission UDier the Ottice ot the Resident Representative ot TAB, and for the discontinuance of the Special Mission at the end of 1963.

Although the ~pecial Mission could continue in its present form . until its tel"''llin&tion, I would venture to suggest that even in 1963 it would be d esirable to take gradual stops toEhieve this transfer with the aim of enabling the United Nations, t ogether with the specialized a gencies, to give the ma x1 1DlDD. amount of help to the Government of Somalia. ithin t he limited financial resources available, I can assure you that t he United ations and t he a gencies will emeavour to continue to meet the r equests for t echnical assistance subn:i.t ted by the Government ot Somalia. The United Nations Bureau of Tedhnical Assistance Operations has taken note ot the very high priority that. your Governaeut att a ched to t he continuance atter 1963 ot the three posts of advisors in the fields

His Excellency Dr. Abdirashid Ali Shermarke Prime Minister ot the Somali Republic Mogadiscio, Sanal i a -2-

ot economics~ law and administration. They will therefore be able~ in consultation with the eaident epresentative o! the Technical Assistance Board, to _formulate their 1964 programme taking the above into account. I agree with you that the circumstances in Somalia are rather s pecial, and tor this reas on it will be desirable to have as the Resident Representative ot the Technical Assistance Board a person of substantial experience and stature~ I shall bring this question t o the attention ot the Executive Chairman of the Technical Assistance rd., who, I am sure, will bear this in mind when a candi date is B:llected. and submitted !or your Government's approval.

Yours sincerely,

U Thant

cc: Permanent lliasion Mr . McDiarmid (2) Mr. Leonard. Sir Alexander cFarquhar • Turner Mr. de Seynes Mr. Stagropouloa ~0 ()11

----/<), ~~ April 9, 1963 ,

xoel l.enoy,

Upon 1Aatzuoti • fl'oaa ay GoYe E'IIIIaen~ . I haw the hODou.z: to infom You xaellenay tbat ~he GoverJUMAt of ~·

..pap U a of lo.aUa 'have now 9i•en a poaitive ~·•pon•• to t.he invitation Vhlah waa extended ~ them by the Zt.biopiaR Qoveraaent to partiaipab at the

Afriaan Ita'tea aDd GoYe~nta. I ayail ayaelf of thia oppor:t.uit.y to J:enew \0 You zxaelleDay the uauaaa•• of ay big-heat OOQaideratiOD .

Kifle Wodajo Deputy •el'm&DeDt )*eaeat.ative and Cbaqea d' na, a .i •

•••• u 'lblult ( I a ·~-General of the United •atiOQa UJai ted Mationa 11ew Yozk, • .., 1'or:k - r . ~

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UNITED NATIONS Press Services Office of Public Information United Nations, N.Y. (FOR USE OF INFORM.t\TION MEDIA -- NOT AN OFFICIAL RECORD)

Press Releese PM/4254 10 February 1964 TEXT------·---- OF LE'ITER FROM PERMANENT REPRESENT1\TIVE·- OF SOY.ALIA TO PRESIDENT OF SECURITY COUNCIL

~ollo«ing is the text of a letter, dated 9 FebruBry1 sent by Hassan

Nur Elmi1 Permanent Representative of Somalia to the United Natbns, to the President of the Security Council, Carlos Alfredo Bernardes of Brazil:

"On the instruction of my Government, I have the honour to request you to convene the Security Council as a matter of urgency for the purpose of considering the following matter: TComplaint by Somalia against Ethiopia concerning acts of aggression infringing the sovereignty and security of

Somalia and threatening international peace and security 1 • "An explanatory memorandum concerning this matter will be submitted as soon as the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Scmalia arrives in New York, within a matter~ days."

* *** * I ,_.. I TO C 03 T 11 0/SOI-7/090 .. 2 5 ./2,., r;(JIJT D I TL F~'L -.- ,,

· CD HOCADISCIO VIA ~YUCA LE S FEB 10 1400 'fA T r:-.IOR ITE NOSTl tn DIA TE HI S - .•CEL LEl'... Y u- TW! 'T S C TA Y ' LE UNIT TIO lS "i

17 STor:YJ=:: HAVE THE HOUNO!JH TO AC .~ L.. Gr: 'O UR

TEL G .. · n n: ru n: FE RU • nv 64 1 n vo·

0 lPT RESPO ~ S TO OUR COMIJI.flliCATIO :.; c o·~ - · ·TARR r TF.D CT OF .GGREC::Siotl · HIC H l' S EEN UN HED

L1ST THE SO. LI EFU LIC BY ETHIOfi . STOP IT r S At~·. YS BEEN mE ESSI:D D't'"C!I E AT' D f-OLICY OF I SOl1FVLI

TO RESOLV E PEACEFULLY A NY Dl F . .z ~ 1CES D .'n·JEE t mE SO r, LI Rf.PUBLIC

AI"D ETHIOPIA 0 ~ 'fRE BOUN RY QUESTIO' COl i A D TH E CAN E t ~ O FAIRER A i'IORF R SO'. BLE P R CH TJ N THIS 0 JC E' THE

. fR OPRIA TE CLit~ TE K4 S EE ~ CR Tl:D STOP IT IS IN THIS CONTE T A.ID IN FULFIU NT F ITS SI. CF.R E nr.stRE TJ RESTO P CE I l THE

W!J U o- FRICA TH. T TH G R. ME T OF l'H · SO LI EFUDLIC

ACC . I MS YOUJ IL ~DIA CI:S TI 1 ' HO TILI!I S ':T EYF. l:IS H·EVJ1T LI

c ::srnsRP. L- PRO\/ OCATION tv T:1· THIOPI • covr. 1 1E co ~; A •.:I I T ~ ILL END:- VOHR TO CONT : ur T'tiS fOLICY tT SHOULD f\P RJ:C IA TED THAT ...... Slm A CONFL ICT I LL At AYS PER.SI T 1\S LO!M;

AS ETHOPlA CO Tl dUE S TOLOUT ~. D THr.Et. TE ~ THE _ RITORIAL

I llEGRITY OF THE SO . LI REPU .LIC fTO ·. Y COV R' IIENT IS FULJ... Y D TO !l .sro1: OSITIVELY T YOUR AT L . m A .1 I .. I A -

STAE. Tl.lG POU T l.I HE .. TO SUGGEST T IN /&DDITIO. TH ~ CF. SAT I OF HOSTILITIES THE E SHOU FI TIO BY TH

CURITY COU -k::I 0 t tE ~ 0 I L I G lTY 0 TH S LI PUBLIC STO HIGH ST C ·srDERA TION

BD IRASHI ALI s. ER l

101 2A EST. • C RV R UC02/ 2 1015EST A SVN - - · ·- ~

L • G ·

!UF10 J.O. R . l l111/SOI23 32 9/ 2 R

CD HOc. I ~.C I 0 \f IA HUI NT FEB 12 OOJO t'T. TPRI ORI 1 I l ATE HIS ° CF:I.L:-: 0· Y U Tl NT s-:c P. TA RY !. OF utI 11:D TIO :;

I EU Y ,0 K

!;TOP YE VERY !UCH R 0 GRF. T TO I F P. .1 YOU Tl' T f.S . -PITE THE ASSU .A o :C E~ CIV .t' TO Y U ,y f1Y GOVER ~TE TO CC

- PT YO 1. _ PFE. L FOR A C ~ S I RE •IcE l S I · l ATELY

T I ~:TO EFF CT T . OCOO H UR S Oil r.::~R 1 • r

0 cor: .'IOPIA IS STILL CO. Titmi ITS AGG .S.;, I O ~

AG I NST THE SO LI REPU LI C STOP T UGI OU THE D YS OF

FED. RY TEN A AND 1 GUNt' m GES OF CORl t..:l •rJ1ICH R- SI' It SID:--: T'T

TE I TO!". OF .t. SOl' LI ryu"LIC CP US I:·c j ,. VY

~1 LTI:S TO LI FF. At LO~s OF o..

YS ETHI OFIA . TR 0 r~~ CR OS Sl lf:!

P J.. ICE ~T AT DA GO ~ IA L... H _

-;Ioo • KILL F CIVI L

ID ~ , U • 1Y OTHERS HIS THIO STILL OP IT IO S T E UT IT IS .. TE c ·o:r I D P

1l ILST Ll I w P 0 LE RE E~ n 0

HOn UR IY uLI G TI ON · 0 - TERE I D FOR A C FI E

TI Ool.J 0 . ICA ~ ~ STA n:s Cor:

TO SU ~ IT TO OPE N ETHIOPI AI1 0

I TS TERRITOR Y STO CO.'SF.C. ~ TLY TE~ ~ O.'. Ll GOV o IS

Y .: ..CE ... SA1Y D F1: IV· 1EASURJ:'S I N ORD R T I ORY

~RED TO TA A £SSARY D SIVE S S IN ORDJ:R G RD ITS RIT I L INTEGR I TY ALTHOUGH C I I LL DO ITS ·

OST TO -~-··- THE SI no .N D A £: c L I OU EQUE T OF Y A TO

11tt ~ U F I I TE or I ENT ODY

'~1ll~ S TO A PO SI TO

I I l ATE CF.A I E I S MORE I -~lVUA HIGHEST 0 ID I D AU 0 LI uc.

•

c CK TJCU s OTT

W C022 RW8 7 ''' ,_ PD I NTL CD MOSCOU VIA UCABLIS FEB 11 1110 ,. LT U'I'HA NT UNO

WE STR OtC LY CONDEMN ETHI OPIAS COLO IAL OCCUPA TION or SOMA LI TERR ITORI ES AND RECENT ETHI OPIA. AGGRE SION THIS CONSTITUTES DIRECT THRF.A T TO WORLD PEA CE AND STABILI TY

IN THA T PART OF AFRICA GRA TEFUL I N ENE SO T~T SMLIS IN TERR ITORIES OCC UPI ED Y ETHIOPIA ARE GIVE RIGHT TO SELrDETER Nt\ TIO I AC CORDA t«:E I TH UNO CHARTER SO Ll STUDENTS USSR

R D DATE BI\CKDA rED 11 1810

CLR PLS ACK C022 "niANKS

PLS ACK C TO I Fl' .

I >/1 F03C R ~2/SOI . 3 108/lOT PD I n GOVT

~ CD f MOGADISCIO VIA VU:A BLES 1 ,.,,

I~ T HIS EXCEL yu- T SECRE L OF UNITED TIONS NYK SICJ STOP · EYE REGRET TO I ORM YOUR EX ELLENCY TM T ETHIOP LITARY f CIS c SO LI OLICE FER HICH IS SIT TED INSIDE SO U EPUBUC TOP FIGHTI NUES S'POP THIS A CJC E '0. LIS S ND DOUBT T ETHI OPIA IS DELI BERA TEL Y SEEKI TO txTE R S HICH t-1 T I OLVED HITHIRT S EX PlA I EV IOUS CABLE STOP I NTERVE I ORE SITl.M.-- TI------~~~------STOP .WILL KEEP YOU I FOR OF DEVELOPME TS STOP HIG HEST CONSID noN STOP A IRA ID ALI SHIR R PRI t NI OF SOMI\ LI RIPUBLI C 11 •

R f 03C SV CAT JFE/mpd

Sir,

Wi i ll n ferenoe '\o 7oo:r MeUq '\bia IIOI'BiftC w1 Ul tM ore'\uJ' ••••• O.aeral, I h&Ye 1he hoaour '\o 1rullll1t 1o 7• t • ten of a oab1e d.& ted 12 J'eltZ'U1'7 1964 troa 11• k~eat7 la11e B•1ulde I , peror of !aiop1a. e 8eontaz'7-(JeDeral would. 'be patehl to noe1Ye 70UZ Qoye::r-.a1'• 0 •

'ftle 'l~:nl hu &lao bJ'OUih'\ tile oaltle• received ti'OII. the

rrt.8 liaiater Of Soaelia tO the &1, tloa ot 1 e le~eDt lepreaeD1&11Ye

MeuWh11e, the S.Ore~e:nl haa uked me to CODY 7 to botll GoverDmeat• aia ooat1nuiac plea tor the plete oeaeat1on of hoet111'\iee aad the reatoration of pea.oe in '\he bol'der u .

J oe• :&ol... 11, Aot~ Ob.t d.e O&biaet.

11• oe11H07 llr. llu•u lv ....~ 11&4or :rdiJa&17 .., n..s.poteati&Z'I' l ema 1 lapre- tative ot ia to tbe VaitH aati 2]6 t 461 U..t, 3M 1'100&" . .. t 17, ... 1'01'k. Copiea t oa . Secretar.r-General, Mr. Iaruillhan, Dr. Bunche, Jlr. Rolz-Beanett, Mr. SualOY. wu

WE 78 /SOI/!133/ L 80/'Jt I L CD OGA DISCIO VIA UI 13 22 0

E T1 HIS CELLE~Y U NT E R GE L OF UNI TED TI ON YORK

13 8 STOP FUR TO MY TEL£ IC SAC: OF LVE INFOR YOUR CI LLl T OF A C ON FER IN SO LI RE U THIOP TR PS A AR TIL Y COM REGRET TO I NlORM YOU T ETHIO IA LITlRY AIRC RAFT AT S FING OF STOP. FIGHTI OG ESS STOP HIGHES CO SI TIO TOP A N ABD ULJ.A OS • ! SIDE OF SO Ll REPUBLIC • - - 08 . ,

c c • cc: Secretary-Genera~ Dr. Bunche Mr. Narasimhan Mr. Suslov J RD/md. ~-1r. H.olz-Bennett

, 0

•

~~an1;1 t.he •11..- .... rat.ioD ~ . • ' ----·M

1ru CD -022 R '6 SO il 05/ 04 l 1 TL G T Cl) • i ~. D ISC I O VIA "!UC BLES F 17 OOitO ET. Tr I ORlTE HIS CELLEt Y U T T S C Y GE OF THE U • Y

13 9.3 1 STOF YOUR CELU: Y HAV THE HO 0 TO U'F .. 1 YOU TIIA T I FURTHERA E OF T R OLUTIO 0 TilE ETHIOPIAN SO LI D SITl.JA TIO SS D T U B UAR Y

FOURTEENTH COl 1A BOTH THE SO ~ LI A D tTHI O IAN GOVER I .NTS

AS A RESULT or THE Pr:R SO , L I 'TERVEl~ T I O. OF HIS EXCELLENCY I RAHIM ABB liD RE SIDENT or SUDA . REPUBLIC AGREED FOR A CEA SE-FIRE TO TAKE EFFECT FROH 'IVELVE HU DRED HOURS OON

~Jl ~ . HUt-IDR D HOURS GMT FEBRUl\ RY SIXTC ... 1JTH TOGETHE WITH

A CES ~ TI ON OF HOSTILE PRO~GA IDA STOP THIS PR OPO ~ L

CRIGI ~ TED FROM OUR GOV ERNME,JT Al!D .YE RECEIVED

CO FI ~Mf\ TORY INFORt1A TI ON THIS It FROL HIS EXCEL t CY I AlUM ABBOUD THAT HIS IMPERIA L l J E TY I LE SEI.ASSI F. D ACCEPTED TIIE PROf'OC" L STOP EYE VERY MUCl REGRET TO I FO. M YOUR EXCELLE CY THA T I USTF.A D or ODS VI C TIL C SEFI R . HIOPI ' TROOPS AND AIRCRAFT HA Vto: ON TH· CONTRAR Y I 'TENSIFIE T fEIR ATT C

~~TO r THDP~ FROM THEIR POSITIO' STOP~~

~~TI1ESE I ~ ID F.NTS HAVE ALL TA KE . P C I SI DF.: TH SO ' LI REFUDLIC AS FOLL()[S STOP 0 )E STOP I. _ GUHA STOP r!:N ORnER D TO TtTHDRAW FROM THEIR POSITI O S STOP~~

~~TJ.f SE INCID . ITS HAVE ALL TAl ~~' Pl.C L SIDF: TH' ~o· LI~~

~~REF 1DLIC AS FOLL(){I S STOP ONE ST .1 GUl STOP AT 121&0 HOURS LOCA L TI 1F. ETHIOri.a.N T.OOPS SUP ORTED Y~~

~~1IL! TAnY AIRCRAFT C OSSED RD -R diD FORC I LY OCCUPIED l LlA GU HA VILlA GE STOP IET I. HO:JDtm DISTRICT TO AT~~

~~1400 HOt.mS LOC . L Ti t.~ ~THIOPIA: Cl "JPS . FT· ry 0 TA A~~

~~AIR E~tlPA RDME I'\ T CROSSED BORDr.( ~m C 0 'PLE ~ LY D~S • OYED POLICE POST AtD CAUSED SE'Jl iOUS DAr GE TO VILLA GE STOP THR- STOP EL CAAL Nf..AR BELEDHEI STOP ETHIOPIAN AIRC FT~~

~~BOa DED A STRA FFED VILLAGE KI LLI . A D "lOUHD i i'G ~~ NY~~

~~CIVILI· NS AtiD DESTROYING BRIDGES AND t~ A TER 1 ELLS STOP~~

~~FOUR STOP DOLO INUPPER JU PRO\TI1 :C E STOP .... THIOPIAN TROOPS TER HEAVY ARTIL • Y At t ORTAR FIRE CROSSED ORD .R~~

~~AND ATTACKED SOf.~LI POSITimlS STOP FIGHTING CONTi t UI .~~

~~~ STOP FIVE STOP FER FER STOP ETHI OPI TROOPS CROS._ D BO DER At·D~~

~~ARE A TrACKING S O~ LI POSITIONS STOP FIGHTING CO TINUrS STOP~~

~~SIX STOP GUR~Gl0f1E STOP ETHIOPIA U TROOPS SUPPOR'ITD BY~~

~~HEAVY ARTILLERY CROSSED BORDER A UD ATTAC KED SOM LI VILJ./a G TI CH T 'ES~~

~~~ VE OCCUPIED STOP FIGHTil'G CONTI NUES STOP SEVEN STOP F.L HAR IIJ HODDUR DI STR ICT STOP AT 11100 HOURS LOCAL TitlE THIOPIAN TR OOPS AFTE\ HEAVY~~

~~~ ARTILLERY DOH . RD ME NT CROSSED BORDER ID OCCUPIED VIL GE STOP FIGHTI NG CONTINUES STOP EIGHT SOP Dft. · GORIA LEH IN HARGEISA DIST ICT STOP ETHIOPIAN MILI TAR Y AIRC RAFT CARnii:D OUT HEEV Y~~

~~BOM lO. RDl1ENT AND STRAFI tlG OF SOW\ LI POSl TI ONS STOP~~

~~ETHIOPIA [I TROOPS ATTEMPT TO ENTER Sot Ll TERRI TORY~~

~~Ar-ID FIGHTI HG CONT i riU~S STOP t'I ill STOP ALLAI DAI IN HARGEISA DISTIUCT STOP TRIOPIAH HILITARY AIRCRAFT BOMBING A.ID ST. FI' SOti\LI~~

VILLAG~: STOP TE J STOP Y.A l.ABAID I ' ~' RGEI A DIC:TR ICT STOP ETHIOPIAN MILITARY AIRC RA FT H VILY DOf·1 D A1IOST FED VI LlAGE OF lQ\LA D\ ID CAUSit;G SEVERE DAt• GE STOP ELEVE N STOP HILO DUSA I A D BUR TA L IN DOLO DISTR ICT STOP AFTER HEAV Y OfL RD11E lT ETHIOPIA Ti100PS

~~CROSSED DO ER AND ATTAC KED sm LI POSITlth~S STOP~~

~~FIGHTit' ~TILL CONTINUES STOP I VIE· OF THESE SUn RISE TT1 CKS~~

rJ\ SUA LTIES STILL UN K C7tlN STOP Sot LI GOV E tE~ IT I S N~ NO RPT tJO ALTER I TIVE BUT TO TA J{E ALL lECt .. SA RY • . SuR .S . TO R_rEL· EHTIOPI ! AGC RESSI ON A 'ID TO FEGUARD ITS SOV:F.REIGHTY STOP E P.GAit INVI TE THE ATTENTI 0.1 OF YOUR

EXCELLE!~ Y TO THESE CONTiiiDF.D ACTS OF OPEN ARNED RPT NO LTERri\ TIVE BUT TO TA KE LL NECE SARY MIA URES TO REPE L· EHTIOPIA AGGRESSION AND TO GUA D ITS SMRIIG TY STOP EYE AGAIN INVI TE THE ATTENTIO OF YOUR EXCEL Y TO THESE CONTINUED ACTS OF 0 AR AGGRESSIO EGA INST THIS I PUBLIC ETHI OPIA STOP SO LI REPUBLIC CA IN -NO RPT NO Y BE HELD RISPONSI L FOR TEVER CONSEQUE ES THAT Y ARISE :FRO SUCH UNPROV OKED AND DELI BERA ATTACKS BY ETHIOPIA E PECIALLY AF MY T Jf.S ON TWO OCCASI ONS SH N ITS GOOD FAITH IN AGREEI TO AND IMPU: TING CEASEFIRE AT RE UEST OF SEC ETA RY GE RA L Of UN ITED NATI ONS AND TRA ORDI NA Y

SESSION OF ~ U FOREIGN MI NISTER S I N DARES SfOP EYE WILL P YOUR EXCEL CY INFORMED OF FURTHER :bEVELOP NTS STOP HIG HEST CONSIDERATION STOP DA N ABDULLA OS N, PRESIDENT OF THE SO U REPU LIC • 10-'0P EST.

~~• I 'ITT li.TU •. 0 1/5011 /0 1 I10C DI SC IO 375/37 COMPLE ED UUCA BLES 3 2100~~

~~ETAT ro C ETAR J' GE 4RA L OF U ·1 ·.D ~ TI 0 YO~~

~~139()1&5 STOP YOUR EXCELLENC Y ,.. YOU ARt: At ARE THE RECENT lA GOS CO U'ERENCE S BEEN Ul D TO PR ODUCE A TISFACTORY~~

~~SOLUTION FOR THE DISPUTES BETWEE ETH: OPIA AtiD SOt1A LIA~~

~~STOP IN CONPLIA NCE WITH ITS PLEDGES TO DO ALL POSSI LE~~

~~TO EASE THE TENSION AHD f'i\IHTI\IN THE CEA SEFIRE COM ~1Y GOIJER- tf1E T FULLY ACCEPTED~~

~~GE 2~~

~~TilE PROPOSALS MA DE BY SOf1E H DS OF ArniCAN STATES TO ntE ·EFFECT Tl~ T A DEt1ILITARI ZED ZO .~ EN THE 0 COUNTRIES SHOULD BE CR ATt.D CO·:IJA AND THA T A TF.A H~~

~~F OBSERVERS FROM AFRICAN COUNTRIES SHOULD BE Y.EPT IN THE SE AR S TO ENSUR AN EFFECTIVE CFA SEFIRE At CES SA TION OF HOSTI LEPR OPA GA A C MFA I GNS~~

~~R\CE~~

~~STO SIMilA R rR P ~ L VA S DE T THE lAGOS Cot FER E~~

~~AND AS I Mt'IEDIA TE LY AGREED TO BY THE SOa LI DELEGATION ST OPYOUR EXCELL CY CO THE RF.ADltJEES OF tY OVER MENT ACCEPT! THESE LS S MOTIVATED SOLEY BY~~

~~1 S ...a&.AJ•v, H~~

~~COULD BE ~ DE EFF CTIVE BY IMP Rfi L~~

~~PA GE 'a~~

~~OBSERVERS HO WOULD ALSO BE Ir A POSITI O' TO Et SURE nt V CITY OR OTHERt I SE OF THE £1'HI OPI . ALL "'r. TI 0 S~~

rnA T ARMED PA S CROSS F!1 0I1 SO .LIA INTO ETHI OPIA STOP WHILST THE lA GOA CO FEREUCE AS I SESSI ON Tl'IOPIA HA S OBSERV RS THO OULD ALSO BE IN A POSITION TO E SURE 'rn V CITY OR OTHI:Rt ISE OF THE ..: HIOPI l' ALL F,.. TIO S DIA T A D S CROSS F .. OM SO .LI I t TO THIOPIA STOP .· 'WH ILST THE 1A OA C0 WERE i:: E S IN · SSI ON . T 'I OPIA HAS CONTINUED TO OV F. INTO THE BORD AREAS SSIVE MI LIT RY

~~RE INFORCEMENTS STOP TODAY ETHI OPt l AIRCCRA FT~~

~~GE 5~~

~~Wt VE RESU lED VIOUl TION OF OUR AlRSP CE STOP YOUR EXCELLENCY t1ILL.APPRECIATE THA T THE ETHIOPIA REFUS L TO ACCEPT THE REA SO BLEPROP O& LS FOR A DEt I Ll T RI ZED~~

~~ZONE A UTRA L ODEERVERS COUPLED WITH THE I'i\ SSIVE~~

~~TROOP CONCE TRA TION LONG OUR BORDERS CAN ONLY BE~~

~~REA SO ABLY I lTERPRETED THAT ETHI OPII-. I S DETERMINED TO PER SIST IN HER AG GR SSIVE~~

POLICY TO · RDS THE sor· LI REPUBLIC STOP lJ~ HERE IN SOf1\LIA ARE D .ErLY CONVI NCED THA T Ttrf 0 U.Y lEA SURES niA T COULD FA SE THE TEl S_ ON AND El ,..URE AN EFFECTIVE CESSATION OF FUTURE HOST LITY ARE THOSE CONTA I D I H

~~11{[ PROPO ~ LS REFERRED TO ABOVE I3ECAUSE THERE APPEA RS TO BE NO RPT ' NO OTHER ALTE Rt TIVE BY~~

~~PAGE 7~~

~~HICH IT COULD B ASCERT. INED 'HICH COUt'-ITR Y IS~~

P.ESPO,JSI DLE FO. A ~ y RESUMPTION OF HOSTILITIES STOP t-JHILST 'WE 1I LL FULLY ADIDE WITH THE lAGOS CONJ'ERE E RE SOLUTIONS THERE ILL BE NO PT t' AJ.. .)\TlVE BUT TO REFER T E t TTER TO SECURI TY C0U! CIL OF UUO SHOULD

~~ETHI OP IA RENEl~ ITS AR .D AGGRESSiot AGA I NST THE~~

~~PAGE 8 -~~

~~SOVRE I NI TY OF THE SO~ Ll PUBLIC STO HIGHEST~~

~~CO.lSIDER ATI ON STOP ENDS ADA BDUL~ OS N PR SIDENT OF~~

~~SOMA LI REPUBLIC 1131F R £002 SVN C T 5\T N CAT )~~

~~.Y K 1 :J 1 i~~

~~T · PC -~~

~~I C LL£ 1CY r L 0 r L L~~

~~( v, 0 0 I L A r OT. T . c G T C t~~

~~C L~~

~~c c • COPY OF~~

~~DESPATCHED TO THE SECRETARY GENERAL OF~~

~~THE ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY BY THE~~

~~SOMALI MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS~~

"Regret to inform you that on 22 August 1965 Radio Addis Ababa broadcast in Amharic programme a series of talks with Ethiopian military officers and chiefs in Ogaden which were a clear incitement to aggression · against the Somali Republic. Broadcaster named Asaminew Gabre Weld stated that Ethiopians would now be in Hargesia except that they felt sorry for Somali armed forces as result of 1965 fighting but that one day Ethiopia will restore her frontiers to the Indian Ocean. You will realise that it will be impossible for Somali Republic to maintain its own undertaking on cessation of hostile propaganda in face of hostility of this kind. Moreover, Ethiopians say they were never asked by you for a similar undertaking and have given none. Somali Republic can only accept a reciprocal undertaking which will be genuinely observed. Highest consideration." TO The Secretary-General .

~~FROM Jean Gazarian~~

~~FOR YOUR INFORMATION~~

~~~\~~~

~~2 0 MAR 1967 DATE UNITED NAT :tONS~~

~~Press Servi(!e~ Offic~ of Pub~tc Information United Ne.tions, N.Y. (FOR USE OF !NFOP.MATION MEDJ;t+ ,.._ NOT AN OFfiCIAL RECORD)~~

~~NV/67 21 March 1967~~

The text of the follow:;t.ng ~Ollllllu~;i.cation to the Secr~t~y-General, U Thant, which has been ciret'lated to Member Governments as a. no~e verba.le, iEJ re... . ~ produced below for the information of correspondents:

~~P~ MISSION OF T~ S0~1ALI REPUBLIC TO THE QN:'l.'ED NAT!ONS New York, MarcA 16, 1967~~

The Permanent Representative of the Somali Republi~ to the United Nations presents his compliments to the Secretary-Gene~al of the United Nations, and has the honour to fo~ard t~e attacqeq copy of a 9ommunicat1on dated 21 February 1967, addressed to the Prime Minister of the Imperial Government of Ethiopia by the Prime Mipister ot tne SQ~li Republ~c on the que$t1on of french Somaliland.

~~Regrettably, a negative ~esponse to the proposal contained in the~~

Qommunication has now been received from the ~hiopian Gove~nment. In vi8~ of th~ unsettled political conditions 1~ t~e ~rea, the So~i Gover~.~nt requests that this communicat~oq be circulated to ~1 Member States so that they may be kepl informed or t~ese development$.

~~The Permanent Representative of tho Somali Repub~ic avail~ nimself of this opport~nity to present to the Secretary-Gen~ral of the United Nations the assurances of his highest consideration.~~

~~(more) - 2- NV/67 21 March 1967~~

~~February 21, 1967~~

~~H.E. Tsehafi Taezaz Aklilu Habte Wold Prime Minister of the Imperial Ethiopian Government - Addis Ababa~~

~~Your Excellency,~~

I have the honour to send to Your Excellency this message by hand of my special envoy, H.E. Mohamed Hassan Nur, Under-Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the last OAU Summit Conference in Addis Ababa, the operative paragraph of the Resolution on French Somalilend passed by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government: "Assures the brotherly people of' so-called French Somaliland (Djibouti) of' its active solidarity, designed to bring about and consolidate the independence of that people". The operative part of the subsequent Resolution 2228 (~XI) of 20 December 1966, on French Somaliland by the General Assembly of the United Nations: "Calls upon the Administering Power to ensure that the right of self determination shall be freely expressed and exercised by the indigenous inhabitants of the territory on the basis of universal adult suffrage and with full respect for fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms". The last session of the OAU Liberation Committee held in Congo-Kinshasa at the end of January 1967, also called upon all OAU Member States to provide all possible assistance to the people of French Somaliland in their struggle for independence. Ethiopia like Somalia and other :tvlember States of the OAU has accepted the obligation of supporting the-eradication of all forms of colonialism from Africa in conformity with Article II, l(c) of the Charter of the Organization of African Unity. Furthermore, on its part, the Somali Government has made it quite clear that it welcomes and supports the emergence of an independent French Somaliland and will respect the integrity and sovereignty of that territory if its inhabitants opt for independence.

~~(more) - 3 - NV/67 21 March 1967~~

As the immediate neighbours of French 3omaliland both Somalia and Ethiopia should naturally have a special role of responsibility to play in the events concerning that territory insofar as the inalienable right of self determination for its people is concerned and the implementation in both OAU and the UNO regarding the emancipation of the people of that territory from colonialism. It is in this connection that the Somali Government proposes that both Somalia and Ethiopia should issue official statements whereby both countries pledge themselves to fully support and respect an independent French Somaliland. Such an accord would do much to dispel the unfortunate suspicion and distrust which exists regarding each other's intentions towards that territory and it would be construed by world opinion, especially in Africa, as a genuine desire by both Governments to strengthen African solidarity and unity. In addition, such declarations would undoubtedly create a favourable atmosphere for the settlement of other outstanding matters between Ethiopia and Somalia apart from bringing about an immediate relaxation of the increasing tensions in this part of Africa. On making this proposal the Somali Government wishes to assure the Imperial Ethiopian Government that it has no motives other than its desire to see a colonised Arrican people attain their freedom and independence, in conformity with the pronounced aims and objectives both of OAU and UNO. Excellency, it is the opinion of my Government that this proposal affords

a unique opportunit~ for cooperation between our two countries, especially on a subject upon which both the OAU and UNO have expressed their support. I, therefore, trust that the Imperial Ethiopian Government will give this matter its urgent consideration so that if the proposal of Somalia is accepted in principle by Ethiopia, the date for issuing such declarations may be agreed upon as soon as possible, and preferably during the OAU Council of Ministers' meeting. Accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.

~~{Signed) Abdirizak Haji HUSSEIN Prime Mi nister of the Somali Republic~~

* *** * UNITED NATIONS ~~l%~ NATIONS UNIES ~ NEW YORK

~~CA.LI: ADDAEee • UNATION8 NI:WYDAK • ADAEa•E TII:LII:O .. A~HIQUC~~

~~,..,.a~~taNcll TR 300 FRSO~~

~~The enclosed communication d~d,l6 March 1967 is transmitted to the Permanent Missions of the ~s Members of the United Nations at the request of the Permanent Representative of Somalia~~

~~to the United Nations. ~~~

~~oq_ 17 March 1967 () PERMANENT MISSION OF THE SOMALI REPUBLIC TO THE UNITED• NATIONS 238 EAST 48TH STREET NEW YORK 17. N.Y. Y\JICQN 8-D838~~

~~G/87(215)~~

The Permanent Repre sentative of the Somali Republic to the United Nations presents his compliments to the Secretary General of the United Nations, and has the honour to forward the attached copy of a communication dated 21 February 1967, addressed to the Prime Minister of the Imperial Gove rnment of Ethiopia by the Prime Minister of the Somali Republic on the que stion of French Somaliland.

Regrettably, a negative response to the proposal contained in the communication has now been received from the Ethiopian Government. In view of the unsettled poli tical conditions in the area, the Somali Government requests that this communication be circulated to all Member States so that they may be kept informed of these developments.

The Permanent Repre sentative of t he Somali Republic avails himself of t his opportunity to pre s e nt to the Secretary General of the United Nations the assurances of his highest consideration1J \) I J New York, March 1 6 , 1967 c 0 p y

~~SG/6/175/S/67 February 21,1967~~

~~0 0~~

... I chave the honour. to send to Your Excellency this message b~ . hand of .my special envoy, H.E. Mohamed Hassan Nur, Under-Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign ·~t.ff airs. -, At the last OAU Summit Conference in Addis A~ab , the operative paragraph of the Resolution on French Somaliland passed by the Assembly of Heads of State arid Government:

~~"Assures the brotherly people of so-called French Somaiiland(Djibouti) of its active solidarity, desic,ned to bring about and • j consolidate the independence of that people" .~~

~~The operative part of the subsequent Resolution 2228(~) of 20 December 1966, on French Somaliland by O'll. the General Assembly of the United Nations:~~

"Calls upon the Administering Power to ensure th~t the right of self-determination shall be freely expressed and exercised by the in digenous inhabitants of the territory on the basis of universal adult suffrage and ' with fu~l respect for fundamental Human ltights and Freedoms" .

The last session of the OAU Liberation Committee tr_ held in Congo-Kinshasa at the end of January 1967, also "! 0 • called Upon all OAU Member States to provide all possible assistance to the people of French Somaliland in their u struggle for independence.

Ethiopia like Somalia and other Member States of t he OAU has accepted the obligation of supporting the eradication of all forms of colonialism from Africa in conformity with Article _II, l(c) of the Charter of the rb Organization of African Unity. Furthermore, on its part, the Somali Government has made it quite clear that it ./. H.E. Tsehafi Taezaz Aklilu Habte Wold Prime Minister of the Imperial Ethiopian Government - Addis Ababa 2

~~welcomes and support the emergence of an independent French Somaliland and will respect the integrity and sovereignty of that territory if its inhabitants opt for independence.~~

As the immediate neighbours ~f FrenQh Somaliland both Somalia and Ethiopia should naturally have a special role of responsibility to play in the events concerning that terri"t;o.ry insofar as the inalienable right of self determination for its people is concerned and the imp~ementation in both OAU and the UNO regarding the emancipation of the people of that territory from colonialism.

It is in this connection that the Somali Govern ment proposes that both Somalia and Ethiopia sho~ld issue official statements whereby both countries pledge themselves to fully support and respect an . independent French Somaliland. Such an accord would do much to . dispel the unfortunate susp:ici,Q~ and 4.istrust which exists regarding each other 1 s intent!ons · towa~ds that _ ~erritory and it would be construed by world opinion, especially in Africa, as a genuine desire by both Governments to strengthen African solidarity and unity.

In addition, such declarations would undoubtedly create a favourable atmosphere for the settlement of other outstandi~g matters between Ethiopia and Somalia apart from bringing about an immediate relaxation of the increasing tensions in this part of Africa.

On ~aking this proposal the Somali Government wishes to. assure the Imperial Ethiopian Government that it has no motives other than its desire to see a colonised African people attain ~their freedom and independence, in conformity with the pronounced aims· and objectives both of OAU and UNO.

Excellency, it is the opinion of my Government this proposal affords a unique opportunity for coopera tion between our two countries, especially on a subject upon which both the OAU and UNO have expressed their support.

I~ therefore, trust that the Imperial Ethiopian Government will give this matter its urgent consideration so that if the proposal of Somalia is accepted in principle by Ethiopia,, the date for issuing such declarations. may be agreed upon as soon as possible, and preferably during the OAU Council of Ministers' meeting.

~~Accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.~~

~~(Abdirizak Haji Hussein) Prime Minister of the Somali Republic~~