DOCSLIB.ORG

Hinduism Summit

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hinduism Summit Hinduism Summit The first ever Hinduism Summit in the EU 130 enthusiastic people attended the was held by the Forum for Hindu Summit in person. Along with them about Awakening and the Hindu Janajagruti 60 people from around the world attended Samiti at the Maharashtra Mandal in it, by watching the live broadcast over the London, UK today. The aim of the Summit internet. It was announced that the was to foster education about Hindu recording of this unique event would be Dharma by bringing forth the unique available on the FHA website in a few days science behind Hinduism concepts and for those that could not attend. practices, and bringing together Hindu leaders across the UK to spread the message The Hinduism Summit had the presence of of Hinduism. many note-worthy Hindus from various organisations like Bajrang Dal UK, Swami This historic event was inaugurated as per Narayan Mandir, Overseas friends of BJP, Hindu tradition by the blowing of the VHP, Swadhyay Parivar, students from the conch, recitation of auspicious verses, National Hindu Students Forum UK, etc. It lighting of an oil lamp and recitation of was characterised by the active participation Vedic mantras by Swamini of the younger generation of Hindus in the Atmaprakashanand Saraswatiji. The UK. It was seen at the Summit that people, spiritual science behind all these actions was young and old, were unified in their zeal explained to the attendees. to understand, live and preserve Dharma. Arsha Vidya Newsletter - October 2009 23 The media was also represented by the Hindus had the lowest crime rate in the UK; presence of members of Press. this reflected by the Hindu ideology and way of life, which believed in karma and At the Summit, the speakers were honoured how wrong karmic action can lead one to by presenting them Sanatan Sanstha’s spiritual regression. Ana Prodanovic of the Audio and Video CDs on the unique science Spiritual Science Research Foundation behind Hinduism and spiritual practice, and shared about the role of the spiritual the ‘Vishwa Hindu Ratna’ (Hindu Gem of dimension and Saints in all aspects of life. the world) award. This award was Mahesh Pednekar of the Hindu Janajagruti presented to the speakers for their selfless Samiti spoke on knowing and peacefully and dedicated efforts for the cause of protesting denigration of Hinduism Hinduism. concepts and symbols. Dr. Milind Khare of the Forum for Hindu Awakening spoke on There were thought provoking speeches, how to understand, live and preserve PowerPoint presentations and videos on Hinduism in today’s busy times. Hindu practices like visiting a temple and the spiritual science underlying Hindu The Summit concluded with the singing of practices, research on the spiritual an aarati (Hindu devotional hymn) and a dimension, various challenges faced by note of thanks for everyone that helped in Hinduism today such as denigration of organising the Summit. One highlight of the Hindu Deities and Saints, and so on. Summit was the lively question-answer session at the end. The attendees had many Jay Lakhani, the Director of Hindu interesting questions and thoughts to share Academy and Hindu Council UK, spoke and the speakers responded to them regarding the multi-faceted Hinduism and enthusiastically. how anybody is welcome to Hinduism, be it Buddhist, Christian or anyone with any The Forum for Hindu Awakening and other beliefs. Swami Ambikananda Hindu Janajagruti Samiti are considering Sarwastiji, a disciple of Swami holding such Hinduism Summits in other Venkatesananda and founder of the parts of EU, to propagate the Traditional Yoga Association spoke of her understanding, living and preserving of the acceptance of Hinduism as a conscious spiritual science behind Hinduism concepts choice. Dr. H. V. Satyanarayana Sastry, a and practices. Visit professor and an active proponent of the www.forumforhinduawakening.org and language Sanskrut, spoke about how www.hindujagruti.org for more information. Page sponsored by: Akshara Vidya Trust New No.15 (Old No.7/1) Mahalakshmi Street, Ist Floor, T.Nagar, Chennai - 600 017 Ph: 044-2432 8087 Email: [email protected] Web: www.swaminisatyavratananda.org 24 Arsha Vidya Newsletter - October 2009.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Superstition: a Rational Discourse
    Superstition: A Rational Discourse Yadnyeshwar Nigale (Translated by Ms Suman Oak) Lokbhumi Prakashan Panaji (Goa) Credits Superstition: A Rational Discourse Author Yadnyeshwar Nigale (Translated by Ms Suman Oak) © Yadnyeshwar Nigale Articles may be reproduced freely acknowledging the source and a copy forwarded to Publisher. First Edition: June 2012 Layout & Production Milind Joshi, Anupam Creations, 2/14, Marwa, Anupam Park Kothrud, Pune 411029 Published & Printed by Ramesh Kolwalkar Lokbhumi Prakashan, Roshan Manzil, Near Cine National, Panaji (Goa) 403001 (Contact: 9763817239/(0832) 2251358) Cover Design Sham Bhalekar, Pune Rs : 150/- 2 Superstition: A Rational Discourse This book is respectfully dedicated to the memory of Comrade Narayan Desai (1920- 2007) a renowned thinker, philosopher & guide and wrote profusely and also was an activist in the progressive and rationalist movements Superstition: A Rational Discourse 3 The Author's Perception The Indian Society as a whole is beset with innumerable slovenly and unscientific concepts like-fatalism, fate or luck, the cycle of birth and death, Karmasiddhanta (present suffering or good fortune is the fruit of deeds in the previous births), astrology, destiny, miracles, concept of being auspicious or inauspicious, vows, observances and what not. To match with this innumerable orthodox senseless traditions and rituals are blindly followed by most of the Indians. In fact, the whole edifice of the Indian society and its culture is founded on these constructs. The psyche of the people does not allow them to examine any custom or tradition or happening and verify its utility, validity and legitimacy. For them, the age old customs, rituals and traditions, started by their wise forefathers are sacrosanct and beyond any criticism, leave alone any change.
    [Show full text]
  • Exodus from Telangana Congress Likely Soon
    Follow us on: RNI No. TELENG/2018/76469 @TheDailyPioneer facebook.com/dailypioneer Established 1864 Published From OPINION 6 MONEY 8 SPORTS 12 HYDERABAD DELHI LUCKNOW POLICING WIPRO SAYS SERVICES CONTRACT SOUTHERN STARS WIN BHOPAL RAIPUR CHANDIGARH THE MEDIA NOT RENEWED AFTER OCT 2019 TRI-SERIES FINAL BHUBANESWAR RANCHI DEHRADUN VIJAYAWADA *LATE CITY VOL. 2 ISSUE 124 HYDERABAD, THURSDAY FEBRUARY 13, 2020; PAGES 12 `3 *Air Surcharge Extra if Applicable NANI PLAYS AN EX-ARMY MAN IN V { Page 11 } www.dailypioneer.com NON-SUBSIDISED LPG RATE HIKED CASE AGAINST SHAHBAZ KHAN AIRPORT-LIKE USER CHARGE ON ‘5 TO 7 MILLION FROM AIRPORT TO BY RS 144.5-149 IN METROS FOR ALLEGEDLY MOLESTING GIRL NEWLY REDEVELOPED RAIL STATIONS STADIUM’: TRUMP ON INDIA VISIT on-subsidised LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) or cooking gas prices case has been filed against actor Shahbaz ailways will levy an airport-like fee on passengers who use its S President Donald Trump has said that he is looking forward to his Nwere increased from Wednesday. That marked a sixth straight raise AKhan for allegedly molesting a girl in Rredeveloped stations which will result in a hike in fares, a senior Ufirst visit to India later this month and indicated that the two in the prices of cooking gas. In Delhi and Mumbai, the hike was to the Mumbai, police said on Thursday. An FIR has official said on Wednesday. User Development Fee countries may sign a trade deal. At the invitation of Prime Minister tune of Rs 144.5 and Rs 145 per cylinder respectively, according to been registered at Oshiwara Police Station (UDF) is a part of the taxes that are paid by an air Narendra Modi, Donald Trump is slated to travel to India Indian Oil Corporation, which supplies under Indian Penal Code Section 354 (assault passenger.
    [Show full text]
  • Majoritarian Radicalisation and Social Media in India
    AUGUST 2018 Digital Hatred, Real Violence: Majoritarian Radicalisation and Social Media in India MAYA MIRCHANDANI Digital Hatred, Real Violence: Majoritarian Radicalisation and Social Media in India MAYA MIRCHANDANI ABOUT THE AUTHOR Maya Mirchandani is a Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation and teaches Media Studies at Ashoka University. For nearly three decades, she was a practicing journalist with NDTV, reporting on Indian foreign policy, conflict, and national politics. Maya has recently been involved in research on 'Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism' (P/CVE) that looks for ways to build counter narratives to prevent radicalisation and extremist violence through dialogue and community intervention. The analysis of hate speech and the impact of counter-speech messaging on social media is also a core focus of her research. Maya has won the prestigious Ramnath Goenka Award for Excellence in Journalism twice, the Red Ink Award for reporting on human rights, as well as the Exchange for Media Broadcast Journalism Award for best international affairs reporting. ISBN : 978-93-88262-27-9 © 2018 Observer Research Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from ORF. Digital Hatred, Real Violence: Majoritarian Radicalisation and Social Media in India ABSTRACT Social media's impact on mainstream media, and the way people communicate with one another and disseminate information, has become a subject of serious study for journalists, academics and policymakers alike. While it has been a significant equaliser as a vehicle by which the fundamental right to freedom of expression is guaranteed everyone irrespective of class, creed or geography, these very same platforms are also becoming spaces where—in the garb of free speech—misinformation and hate are able to flourish.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamophobia Monitoring Month: April 2021
    ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION Political Affairs Department Islamophobia Observatory Islamophobia Monitoring Month: April 2021 OIC Islamophobia Observatory Issue: April 2021 Islamophobia Status (APR 21) Manifestation Positive Developments 25 20 15 10 5 0 Asia Australia Europe International North America Organizations Manifestations Per Type/Continent (APR 21) 9 8 7 Count of Discrimination 6 Count of Verbal & Physical Assault 5 Count of Hate Speech Count of Online Hate 4 Count of Hijab Incidents 3 Count of Mosque Incidents Count of Policy Related 2 1 0 Asia Australia Europe North America 2 MANIFESTATION (APR 21) Count of Discrimination 15% Count of far-right Count of Verbal & campaigns Physical Assault 32% 6% Count of Hate Speech 12% Count of Online Hate 6% Count of Hijab Incidents Count of Policy Count of Mosque 1% Related Incidents 16% 12% Count of Positive Development on POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT Inter-Faiths (APR 21) 7% Count of Supports Count of Public on Mosques Policy 3% 21% Count of Counter- balances on Far- Rights Count of Police 28% Arrests 14% Count of Court Count of Positive Decisions and Trials Views on Islam 17% 10% 3 MANIFESTATIONS OF ISLAMOPHOBIA NORTH AMERICA IsP140186-US: Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg sued over anti-Muslim hate speech, violence— On April 8, Muslim Advocates, a civil rights group, had sued Facebook and top executives, which included Mark Zuckerberg and Sheryl Sandberg, where they alleged that the company misled the public on the safety of the platform. The complaint filed in federal court in Washington, D.C., argued that Facebook dupes lawmakers, civil rights groups and the public at large when it made broad claims that it had removed content that spews hate or incites violence and yet it did not.
    [Show full text]
  • Travelling in Bangalore, South India, in the Summer of 2004 I Am Struck by the Billboards for American and British Products
    Intercultural Communication Studies XIV-3 2005 D’Silva Globalization, Religious Strife, and the Media in India Margaret Usha D’Silva University of Louisville Abstract Participating in the global market has changed not only India’s economy but also its culture. Perhaps as a reaction to Westernization and Christian missionary work, a fundamentalist Hindu movement called the Hindutva movement has gained popularity in India. The cultural movement became strong enough to allow its political front electoral victory in the 1999 elections. This essay examines the Hindutva movement’s fundamentalist character in the context of recent transformations in postcolonial India. Introduction Upon visiting Bangalore, a city of some six million people in South India, in the summer of 2004, I was struck by the billboards for Western products. Pizza Hut, Cadbury’s, and others advertised their products alongside Tata and Vimal. On the streets, white faces mingled with brown ones. East Asian, European, and Slavic conversations created new sounds with the cadence and accents of Indian languages. Food vendors offered vegetable burgers alongside samosas. The signs of globalization were dominant in this city. In other parts of India, the signs were not as prominent. However, globalization was the buzzword used by businessmen, politicians, and intellectuals to partly explain the rapidly changing face of India. Participating in the global economic market has had other consequences for this country of a billion people. The cultural fabric has experienced constant wear and tear as Western modes of behavior and work were gradually incorporated into everyday life. This essay examines the changes and situates the growth of the fundamentalist movement in the context of transformations in post-colonial India.
    [Show full text]
  • Conference Paper No.44
    ERPI 2018 International Conference Authoritarian Populism and the Rural World Conference Paper No.44 Communalism as discourse: Exploring Power/Knowledge in Gujarat riots of 2002 Siddharth Dhote 17-18 March 2018 International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) in The Hague, Netherlands Organized jointly by: In collaboration with: Disclaimer: The views expressed here are solely those of the authors in their private capacity and do not in any way represent the views of organizers and funders of the conference. March, 2018 Check regular updates via ERPI website: www.iss.nl/erpi ERPI 2018 International Conference - Authoritarian Populism and the Rural World Communalism as discourse: Exploring Power/Knowledge in Gujarat riots of 2002 Siddharth Dhote Introduction This paper talks about communal violence in Gujarat during 2002. The paper argues for communalism to be conceptualized as a discourse and understand how knowledge regarding communal issues are produced. The research would deal with Hindu Communalism led by the Sangh Parivar in the case of Gujarat. The Sangh Parivar is led by Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), and its affiliated organizations include the Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP), Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), Bajrang Dal, and Rashtriyasevika Samiti. It has “sustained the ideological propaganda against minority communities remaining subservient to the Hindu Rashtra” (Puniyani 2003: 21). This paper uses Foucault’s power/knowledge framework to understand how Sangh Parivar, also called the Sangh, used Symbols, Ideologies, Institutions, and Identities during the riots in Gujarat. By using the four concepts the paper will seek answers to one, how the Sangh managed to mobilize people on lines of religion. Two, how the Sangh prevents other political movements, other than on lines of religion from becoming more dominant.
    [Show full text]
  • South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 24/25 | 2020 Hindutva’S Blood 2
    South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal 24/25 | 2020 The Hindutva Turn: Authoritarianism and Resistance in India Hindutva’s Blood Dwaipayan Banerjee and Jacob Copeman Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/samaj/6657 DOI: 10.4000/samaj.6657 ISSN: 1960-6060 Publisher Association pour la recherche sur l'Asie du Sud (ARAS) Electronic reference Dwaipayan Banerjee and Jacob Copeman, « Hindutva’s Blood », South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal [Online], 24/25 | 2020, Online since 01 November 2020, connection on 15 December 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/samaj/6657 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/samaj.6657 This text was automatically generated on 15 December 2020. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Hindutva’s Blood 1 Hindutva’s Blood Dwaipayan Banerjee and Jacob Copeman 1 Like many other nationalist movements, Hindu nationalism “understand[s] and order[s] the world through ‘cultural essentials’ of religion, blood, and other practices related to the body—food, marriage, death” (Hansen 1999:11). In what follows, we focus particularly on how blood as a political substance of Hindu nationalism congeals ideology in material forms. Specifically, we trace how blood is imagined and exteriorized by Hindutva leaders and adherents: in ideological texts, in donation camps, through the offering of activists’ own blood to political figures, in blood- portraiture of political figures, and in bloodshed during episodes of communal violence. 2 Tracing these imaginations and exteriorizations, we identify three ways in which blood has become a medium and conceptual resource for Hindutva practice. First, we trace how Hindu nationalist ideologues equate blood with the nation’s spatial boundaries, demanding that non-Hindus recognize an ancient, essential blood-tie and assimilate back into the Hindu fold.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom in the World 2016
    India Page 1 of 8 Published on Freedom House (https://freedomhouse.org) Home > India India Country: India Year: 2016 Freedom Status: Free Political Rights: 2 Civil Liberties: 3 Aggregate Score: 77 Freedom Rating: 2.5 Overview: The “Modi Wave” that swept Prime Minister Narendra Modi to power in the 2014 national elections experienced some setbacks in 2015, with major defeats for his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Delhi and Bihar state elections and retreats on key elements of the government’s reform agenda. Meanwhile, threats to freedom of expression increased, including intimidation of and attacks against writers, journalists, academics, and bloggers by Hindu extremist groups. An uptick in violence against Muslims was linked to a campaign led by Hindu nationalists to tighten legal restrictions on the sale and consumption of beef. Political Rights and Civil Liberties: Political Rights: 35 / 40 [Key] A. Electoral Process: 12 / 12 Elections have generally been free and fair. Members of the lower house of Parliament, the 545-seat Lok Sabha (House of the People), are directly elected in single-member constituencies for five-year terms, except for two appointed members representing Indians of European descent. The Lok Sabha determines the leadership and composition of the government. Most members of the less powerful 250-seat upper house, the Rajya Sabha https://freedomhouse.org/print/48037 5/17/2016 India Page 2 of 8 (Council of States), are elected by state legislatures using a proportional-representation system to serve staggered six-year terms; up to 12 members are appointed. Executive power is vested in a prime minister and cabinet.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unofficial Nationalism of an Officially Peaceful Movement" (2009)
    Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU Honors Projects Religion 4-22-2009 “A Place of Paramount Peace”: The Unofficial Nationalism of an Officially Peaceful Movement Kari Irwin Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/religion_honproj Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Irwin, Kari, "“A Place of Paramount Peace”: The Unofficial Nationalism of an Officially Peaceful Movement" (2009). Honors Projects. 11. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/religion_honproj/11 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. “A Place of Paramount Peace”: The Unofficial Nationalism of an Officially Peaceful Movement Kari Irwin Submission for Honor’s Research Illinois Wesleyan University April 22, 2009 © May 2009 Not for publication or citation without permission from the author. I. Introduction Immediately following the November 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks, Pramukh Swami Maharaj, 1 the spiritual and organizational leader of a Gujarati Hindu reform sect called the Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha, 2 called to order hundreds of prayer assemblies in Gujarat and abroad, and appealed to his satsangis (followers) and all Indian citizens to respond to the attacks with prayer, faith, and peace.
    [Show full text]
  • INDIA'scontemporary Security Challenges
    Contemporary Security INDIA’S Challenges Edited by Michael Kugelman INDIa’s Contemporary SECURITY CHALLENGES Essays by: Bethany Danyluk Michael Kugelman Dinshaw Mistry Arun Prakash P.V. Ramana Siddharth Srivastava Nandini Sundar Andrew C. Winner Edited by: Michael Kugelman ©2011 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. www.wilsoncenter.org Available from : Asia Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 www.wilsoncenter.org ISBN 1-933549-79-3 The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, es- tablished by Congress in 1968 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a living national memorial to President Wilson. The Center’s mis- sion is to commemorate the ideals and concerns of Woodrow Wilson by providing a link between the worlds of ideas and policy, while fostering research, study, discussion, and collaboration among a broad spectrum of individuals concerned with policy and scholarship in national and international affairs. Supported by public and private funds, the Center is a nonpartisan institution engaged in the study of national and world affairs. It establishes and maintains a neutral forum for free, open, and informed dialogue. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publi- cations and programs are those of the authors and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center staff, fellows, trustees, advi- sory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide financial support to the Center. The Center is the publisher of The Wilson Quarterly and home of Woodrow Wilson Center Press, dialogue radio and television, and the monthly news-letter “Centerpoint.” For more information about the Center’s activities and publications, please visit us on the web at www.wilsoncenter.org.
    [Show full text]
  • PEN International Impact and Learning Report 2015 to 2019
    PEN INTERNATIONAL IMPACT AND LEARNING REPORT 2015 - 2019 On the Frontline Defending Freedom of Expression and Promoting Literature Cover image: During PEN International Congress in Pune, India in 2018, delegates joined local students on a public wari travelling three kilometres over three hours in celebration of global languages. PEN is grateful to its many Overview 1 individual supporters and volunteers who make its 2015 to 2019 work possible including Swedish International 13 Development Cooperation Supporting Agency (Sida), PEN Writers at Risk Publishers, Writers and Readers Circles, International Cities of Refuge Network Challenging 29 (ICORN), the Norwegian Structural Threats Ministry of Foreign Affairs, United Nations Democracy Fund (UNDEF), Clifford Strengthening 40 Chance, Fritt Ord and Evan Civil Society Cornish Foundation 55 PEN International Looking forward: Unit A - Koops Mill Mews 162-164 Abbey Street London SE1 2AN PEN International United Kingdom PEN International promotes literature and freedom of 2020 to 2023 expression and is governedby the PEN Charter and the principles it embodies: unhampered transmission of thought within each nation and between all nations. Founded in 1921, PEN International connects an international community of writers from its Secretariat in London. It is a forum where writers meet freely to discuss their work; it is also a voice speaking out for writers silenced in their own countries. Through Centres in over 100 countries, PEN operates on five continents. PEN International is a non-political organisation which holds Special Consultative Status at the UN and Associate Status at UNESCO. International PEN is a registered charity in England and Wales with registration number 1117088.
    [Show full text]
  • NCH Annual Report 2020
    Network of Concerned Historians NCH Annual Report 2020 http://www.concernedhistorians.org INTRODUCTION This twenty-sixth Annual Report of the Network of Concerned Historians (NCH) contains news about the domain where history and human rights intersect, in particular about the censorship of history and the persecution of historians, archivists, and archaeologists around the globe, as reported by various human rights organizations and other sources. It mainly covers events and developments of 2019 and 2020. Disclaimer. The fact that the NCH presents this news does not imply that it shares the views and beliefs of the historians and others mentioned in it. Download this report at: http://www.concernedhistorians.org/ar/20.pdf Cite this report as: Network of Concerned Historians, Annual Report 2020 (http://www.concernedhistorians.org/ar/20.pdf). For the complete set of NCH Annual Reports, see: http://www.concernedhistorians.org/content/ar.html Or click: 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 All Annual Reports (1995–2020) were compiled by Antoon De Baets. This year’s report was co-edited by Ruben Zeeman. Please send any comments to [email protected] Network of Concerned Historians, Annual Report 2020 (2020) 2 ____________________________________________________________ AFGHANISTAN Previous Annual Report entries: 2000–2016, 2018. See Iran, United States. ALBANIA Previous Annual Report entries: 1996, 2012, 2015−2019. In mid-July 2019, ten members of parliament from the ruling Socialist Party (PS/PPSh) wanted to prevent the Institute for the Study of the Crimes of Communism (ISKK), created in 2010 to probe Communist-era crimes in Albania, from studying incidents that happened during World War II.
    [Show full text]