gryposepala Sinónimos: Agrimonia parviflora var. macrocarpa

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National distribution 1

Canada Origin : Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident Origin : Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Diagnostic description 1

Species is difficult to identify in vegetative state. Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. in vegetative form looks similar and occurs in similar habitats (M. McHale, pers. comm.).

Type information 2

Type collection for Agrimonia parviflora var. macrocarpa Focke Catalog Number: US 1394380 Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined Preparation: Pressed specimen Collector(s): H. von Türckheim Year Collected: 1889 Locality: Coban., Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, Central America Elevation (m): 1311

Habitat 1

Comments : Agrimonia gryposepala occurs in a wide variety of habitats across its range in . These include: mesic to moist edges of forests and woods; woodlands (California Natural Diversity Database); deciduous or mixed forests, and thickets in lowland to montane zones (Maine Natural Areas Program, G. Douglas pers. comm., E. Punter pers. comm., S. Young pers. comm.); clearings, openings in deciduous forest, and 2nd growth woods (J. Labrecque pers. comm., M. McHale pers. comm.); moist soil along streams in canyons or ravines and in the understory of ponderosa pine woodlands at 4100 to 8000 ft (D. Ode pers. comm., Arizona Heritage Data Management System); river floodplains, alluvial, and gallery forest (Minnesota Natural Heritage); savannas and upland prairies (T. Smith pers. comm.); marshes, bogs, low meadows, and pastures (J. Amoroso pers. comm.); pastured woods, on wooded bluffs, roadsides, and pastures (Mason and Iltis 1958, Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory, K. Westad pers. comm.); moist drainage bottoms and draws in bur oak, paper birch, or ponderosa pine thickets (W. Fertig pers. comm.).

Number of occurrences 1

Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.

Estimated Number of Occurrences : 81 to >300

Comments : 1000's of populations exist rangewide. British Columbia: 21-100 (G. Douglas pers. comm.); Manitoba: 5? (E. Punter pers. comm.); Ontario: 1000's (M. Oldham pers. comm.); Quebec: >30 (J. Labrecque pers. comm.); Delaware: 4 (Delaware Natural Heritage Program); Georgia: at least 1*; Kansas 0 (C. Freeman pers. comm.); : at least 4*; Louisiana: 1 known (Louisiana Natural Heritage Program); North Dakota: at least 2*; Massachusetts: at least 13*; Missouri: 6 (T. Smith pers. comm.); Ohio: perhaps 1000's? (A. Cusick pers. comm.); Rhode Island: at least 2*; South Carolina: at least 6*; Tennessee: at least 3*; Virginia: at least 43*; Wisconsin: 100's or 1000's (K. Westad pers. comm.); West Virginia: at least 18*; Wyoming: 4 (W. Fertig pers. comm.). A * indicates a minimum number of populations based on the number of counties for which the species is recorded according to state distribution maps.

A very common woodland, scrubland, and old field in southern Ontario (M. Oldham pers. comm.).

There were about 90 specimens of A. gryposepala in the Wisconsin state herbarium in 1958 (Mason and Iltis 1958) but this species is likely under-collected (K. Westad pers. comm.).

Three of the four presumed extant sites in Wyoming were discovered during a general floristic survey in 1983-84 (W. Fertig pers. comm.).

There are only six herbarium specimens of this species that were collected in Manitoba up to the late 1970's. Some of these populations may now be extirpated (E. Punter pers. comm.).

This species is likely under-collected in Quebec (J. Labrecque pers. comm.).

Only one historical record of this species in Kansas exists. Unsubstantiated occurrences also appear in the literature but efforts to locate populations have been unsuccessful (C. Freeman pers. comm.).

Species is largely untracked, and too common and widespread to be able to choose an "exemplary" population (A. Cusick pers. comm., M. Oldham pers. comm., S. Young pers. comm.).

Barcode data: agrimonia gryposepala 3

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species. National nature serve conservation status 1

Canada Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked United States Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

Trends 1

Global Short Term Trend : Relatively stable (=10% change)

Comments : Agrimonia gryposepala is, in general, a common and widespread species across its range, and therefore is not tracked by any of the Natural Heritage Programs (U.S.A.) or Conservation Data Centres (Canada) that responded to this survey. Because it is not tracked, trends at the state and local level are largely unknown. Since the species is widespread and common in many areas of it's range, is known to occur in second growth habitat, and is not threatened by collecting or any other major threat, it is assumed in general to be in a stable state at this time.

This species is reported to be stable in Illinois (B. McClain pers. comm.), Maine (Maine Natural Areas Program), New Jersey (New Jersey Natural Heritage Program), New York (S. Young pers. comm.), Ohio (A. Cusick pers. comm.), Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory), and Vermont (R. Popp pers. comm.).

Threats 1

Comments : There is evidence of collecting Agrimonia gryposepala from the wild in Illinois (W. McClain pers. comm.) and New . McClain stated that the evidence is indirect, but obtained from a reliable source. A website for a company selling herbal products apparently largely obtained through wildcrafting listed Agrimonia gryposepala for sale in single extract form. The company may now be out of business as there is no telephone number listed under the company name in the current telephone directory. Agrimonia gryposepala has been seen in nurseries but extent of cultivation, and whether this might involve wild-collection, is unknown (S. Young pers. comm.).

While this species has historically been used for medicinal purposes, it is unlikely to become a popular herb and therefore come under collection pressure unless future research uncovers previously unknown medicinal properties that are therapeutically more specific or can provide stronger evidence of its value. A person highly knowledgable with the herbal medicinal industry says that he has never seen this plant in a product (M. McGuffin pers. comm.).

Threats to this species and/or its habitats include clearing of woodlots and forests (W. McClain pers. comm., J. Amoroso pers. comm.), grazing in wood lots, riverbank clearing, fragmentation of habitat (E. Punter pers. comm.), increasing deer population, competition by invasives (Connecticut Natural Diversity Database), conversion of bogs to wet meadows (J. Amoroso pers. comm.), and general development and habitat destruction (W. Fertig pers. comm., K. Westad pers. comm.). The main threats in Wyoming result from habitat loss and degradation associated with gold mining, logging, grazing, recreation, and home construction (W. Fertig pers. comm.).

A. gryposepala is considered a threatened species in North Dakota, as it occurs in woodlands and riparian areas which now cover less than one percent of the state (Bry).

Management 1

Biological Research Needs : Manitoba: need to determine range in province and factors threatening its occurrence (E. Punter pers. comm.).

Economic uses 1

Uses : MEDICINE/DRUG

Production Methods : Wild-harvested

Comments : The plant is purportedly useful for its therapeutic properties; it "builds up blood", "cools the liver", and acts as an antidiarrheal, gastro-intestinal aid, and as a mild astringent to mucous membranes (Moerman, Medicinas del Bosque).

References

1. © NatureServe, some rights reserved 2. © Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, some rights reserved 3. © Barcode of Life Data Systems, some rights reserved