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BIOLOŠKO-EKOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE OŠTRULJA Aulopyge Huegelii HECKEL, 1843 (CYPRINIDAE; ACTINOPTERYGII)

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BIOLOŠKO-EKOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE OŠTRULJA Aulopyge Huegelii HECKEL, 1843 (CYPRINIDAE; ACTINOPTERYGII) Sveučilište u Zagrebu PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK Tanja Mihinjač BIOLOŠKO-EKOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE OŠTRULJA Aulopyge huegelii HECKEL, 1843 (CYPRINIDAE; ACTINOPTERYGII) DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2018. godine University of Zagreb FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY Tanja Mihinjač BIO-ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DALMATIAN BARBELGUDGEON Aulopyge huegelii HECKEL, 1843 (CYPRINIDAE; ACTINOPTERYGII) DOCTORAL THESIS Zagreb, 2018. Ovaj je doktorski rad izrađen u Zoologijskom zavodu Biološkog odsjeka Prirodoslovno- matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, pod vodstvom prof. dr. sc. Milorada Mrakovčića, u sklopu Sveučilišnog poslijediplomskog doktorskog studija Biologije pri Biološkom odsjeku Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. ZAHVALA Zahvaljujem prof. dr. sc. Miloradu Mrakovčiću na mentorstvu i savjetima tijekom izrade disertacije. Na pomoći i savjetima zahvaljujem i ekipi iz Laboratorija za kralješnjake i zaštitu prirode PMF-a. Ovaj rad ne bi bio moguć bez pomoći prijatelja prilikom terenskog rada i obrade uzoraka. Marine, Marija, Marija M., Dario, tata i Špela, hvala vam na trudu i volji za lovljenjem riba na terenu. Valentina i Marko, hvala na finoj kavi koja nas je dočekala gotovo na svakom terenu. Hvala i Sokolu na društvu. Na pomoći prilikom obrade uzoraka, uz stalne članove mog tima – Marina i Mariju, žalim zahvaliti i Viktoriji, Mariji M. i Romani. Najviše od svega zahvaljujem Mariji i Ani. Hvala vam na čitanju prethodnih verzija teksta, na ispravcima, savjetima i brojnim raspravama koje su dovele do konačne verzije ovog rada. Nikad vam neću moći dovoljno zahvaliti na vašem vremenu i podršci. Marija, hvala ti na riječima ohrabrenja i podršci na svakom koraku doktorskog procesa, ali i života općenito. Ana, došla si u pravi tren! Hvala ti na vjetru u leđa kad mi je to najviše trebalo. Neizmjerno hvala Marinu, koji je bio uključen u svaki dio ovog procesa. Hvala ti na svakom terenskom danu, svakom popravljenom agregatu, svakom sakupljenom uzorku, svakom odslušanom problemu. I hvala što si tu uvijek kad mi treba! Na kraju, beskrajno hvala mojoj obitelji. Hvala vam na bezuvjetnoj ljubavi i neizmjernoj podršci koju mi oduvijek pružate. Bez vas ništa ne bi bilo isto! TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA Sveučilište u Zagrebu Doktorski rad Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Biološki odsjek BIOLOŠKO-EKOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE OŠTRULJA Aulopyge huegelii HECKEL, 1843 (CYPRINIDAE; ACTINOPTERYGII) Tanja Mihinjač Zoologijski zavod, Biološki odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10 000 Zagreb Slatkovodna riba oštrulj endem je jadranskog slijeva rasprostranjen u Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini. Ovo istraživanje obuhvatilo je populacije iz jezera Visovac na Krki i jezera Torak na Čikoli te populaciju gornjeg toka Čikole u Hrvatskoj i kanala Ždralovac u BiH. Terenski dio istraživanja proveden je od prosinca 2013. godine do lipnja 2016. godine te su obrađene ukupno 264 jedinke. Jedinke iz različitih populacija međusobno su uspoređene na temelju morfologije (morfometrija, meristika i vanjski izgled) i ekologije (dužinsko-maseni odnosi, razmnožavanje, prehrana, starost, rast i smrtnost), a rezultati pokazuju da jedinke iz gornjeg toka rijeke Čikole dosežu manje duljine tijela i manju starost te imaju lošije kondicijsko stanje i manji reproduktivni uspjeh od jedinki iz jezerskih sustava. Dobivene razlike rezultat su različitih uvjeta staništa na kojem pojedine populacije žive. Također, rezultati ukazuju na važnost zaštite oštrulja i njegovog staništa, naročito povremenih vodotoka, koji predstavljaju njegovo primarno stanište. (221 stranica, 63 slike, 49 tablica, 145 literaturnih navoda, jezik izvornika: hrvatski) Ključne riječi: oštrulj, Krka, Čikola, morfologija, ekologija Mentor: dr. sc. Milorad Mrakovčić, redoviti profesor Ocjenjivači: dr. sc. Perica Mustafić, izvanredni profesor dr. sc. Marina Piria, redovita profesorica dr. sc. Marcelo Kovačić, znanstveni savjetnik, naslovni izvanredni profesor BASIC DOCUMENTATION CARD University of Zagreb Doctoral thesis Faculty of Science Department of Biology BIO-ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DALMATIAN BARBELGUDGEON Aulopyge huegelii HECKEL, 1843 (CYPRINIDAE; ACTINOPTERYGII) Tanja Mihinjač Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb Dalmatian barbelgudgeon is a species of freshwater fish endemic to rivers of the Adriatic basin in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. This research surveyed populations from Croatia (from lake Visovac on river Krka, lake Torak on river Čikola, and from upper river Čikola) and B&H (canal Ždralovac). The field work was carried out from December 2013 to June 2016 during which 264 specimens were caught. Individuals from different populations were compared based on morphology (morphometrics, meristics, external appearance) and ecology (length-weight relationships, reproduction, diet, age, growth, mortality). The results show that individuals from the upper part of river Čikola have smaller body size, shorter life-span, lower condition, and lower reproductive success than individuals from lake systems. Observed differences are the result of different habitats in which these populations live. Also, the results show the importance of protecting the barbelgudgeon and its habitat, especially temporary streams which are its primary habitat. (221 pages, 63 figures, 49 tables, 145 references, original in Croatian) Key words: Dalmatian barbelgudgeon, Krka, Čikola, morphology, ecology Supervisor: Milorad Mrakovčić, PhD, Full professor Reviewers: Perica Mustafić, PhD, Associate professor Marina Piria, PhD, Full professor Marcelo Kovačić, PhD, Scientific advisor, Associate professor SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD ........................................................................................................................1 1.1. HIPOTEZE I CILJEVI ISTRAŽIVANJA ...................................................................3 2. LITERATURNI PREGLED ........................................................................................4 2.1. SISTEMATSKI POLOŽAJ OŠTRULJA .....................................................................5 2.2. RASPROSTRANJENOST OŠTRULJA ......................................................................6 2.3. OPĆE ZNAČAJKE MORFOLOGIJE OŠTRULJA .....................................................8 2.4. OPĆE ZNAČAJKE EKOLOGIJE OŠTRULJA ......................................................... 12 2.4.1. Stanište oštrulja ............................................................................................... 12 2.4.2. Razmnožavanje oštrulja ................................................................................... 12 2.4.3. Omjer spolova kod oštrulja .............................................................................. 14 2.4.4. Prehrana oštrulja.............................................................................................. 15 2.4.5. Aktivnost oštrulja ............................................................................................ 16 2.4.6. Starost i rast oštrulja ........................................................................................ 16 2.4.7. Ostala istraživanja vršena na oštrulju ............................................................... 17 2.5. UGROŽENOST I ZAŠTITA OŠTRULJA ................................................................ 17 3. PODRUČJE ISTRAŽIVANJA .................................................................................. 19 3.1. ZNAČAJKE ISTRAŽIVANOG PODRUČJA ........................................................... 20 3.2. ZNAČAJKE RIJEKA I JEZERA NA KOJIMA JE PRIKUPLJEN MATERIJAL...... 25 3.2.1. Rijeka Krka ..................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2. Rijeka Čikola .................................................................................................. 29 3.2.3. Kanal Ždralovac u Livanjskom polju ............................................................... 33 4. MATERIJAL I METODE ......................................................................................... 35 4.1. PRIKUPLJANJE UZORAKA ................................................................................... 36 4.2. MORFOLOŠKE ANALIZE ...................................................................................... 39 4.2.1. Morfometrijske analize .................................................................................... 39 4.2.2. Merističke analize ........................................................................................... 43 4.2.3. Vanjski izgled ................................................................................................. 44 4.3. ZNAČAJKE POPULACIJA...................................................................................... 44 4.4. DUŽINSKO-MASENI ODNOSI .............................................................................. 45 4.5. RAZMNOŽAVANJE ............................................................................................... 47 4.6. PREHRANA ............................................................................................................. 50 4.7. STAROST I RAST ................................................................................................... 52 4.8. SMRTNOST ............................................................................................................. 55 5. REZULTATI ...........................................................................................................
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