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THESIS Rosca Melut Aurelia Elena.Pdf UNIVERSITATEA DE ŞTIINŢE AGRICOLE ŞI MEDICINĂ VETERINARĂ „ION IONESCU DE LA BRAD” DIN IAŞI ȘCOALA DOCTORALĂ DE ŞTIINŢE INGINEREŞTI DOMENIUL DE DOCTORAT: HORTICULTURĂ SPECIALIZAREA: FLORICULTURĂ Ing. Aurelia Elena ROȘCA (MELUȚ) TEZĂ DE DOCTORAT Conducător de doctorat, Prof. univ. Dr. Lucia DRAGHIA IAŞI 2017 UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND VETERINARY MEDICINE „ION IONESCU DE LA BRAD” OF IAŞI DOCTORAL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES DOCTORAL DOMAIN: HORTICULTURE SPECIALIZATION: FLORICULTURE Eng. Aurelia Elena ROȘCA (MELUȚ) DOCTORAL THESIS PhD coordinator, PhD Prof. Lucia DRAGHIA IAŞI 2017 UNIVERSITATEA DE ŞTIINŢE AGRICOLE ŞI MEDICINĂ VETERINARĂ „ION IONESCU DE LA BRAD” IAŞI ȘCOALA DOCTORALĂ DE ŞTIINŢE INGINEREŞTI DOMENIUL DE DOCTORAT: HORTICULTURĂ SPECIALIZAREA: FLORICULTURĂ Ing. Aurelia Elena ROȘCA (MELUȚ) TEZĂ DE DOCTORAT STUDII PRIVIND BIOLOGIA, ECOLOGIA ȘI TEHNOLOGIA UNOR TAXONI DE ALLIUM CULTIVAȚI ÎN SCOP ORNAMENTAL Conducător de doctorat, Prof. univ. Dr. Lucia DRAGHIA IAŞI 2017 UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND VETERINARY MEDICINE „ION IONESCU DE LA BRAD” OF IAŞI DOCTORAL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES DOCTORAL DOMAIN: HORTICULTURE SPECIALIZATION: FLORICULTURE Eng. Aurelia Elena ROȘCA (MELUȚ) DOCTORAL THESIS STUDIES REGARDING THE BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND CROP TECHNOLOGY FOR SOME ORNAMENTAL ALLIUM TAXA PhD coordinator, PhD Prof. Lucia DRAGHIA IAŞI 2017 Aurelia Elena ROȘCA (MELUȚ) CUPRINS Introducere ................................................................................................................. 11 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 14 Rezumat ...................................................................................................................... 17 Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 21 PARTEA I STUDIU DE DOCUMENTARE CAPITOLUL I - ISTORICUL ȘI IMPORTANȚA GENULUI ALLIUM ......... 25 1.1. Istoricul genului Allium ...................................................................................... 25 1.2. Importanța alimentară și medicinală a plantelor genului Allium ........................ 25 1.3. Importanța ornamentală a plantelor genului Allium ............................................ 27 CAPITOLUL II – BIOLOGIA ŞI ECOLOGIA PLANTELOR DIN GENUL ALLIUM ..................................................................................................................... 29 2.1. Diversitatea specifică a genului Allium ............................................................... 29 2.1.1. Taxonomia genului Allium ........................................................................ 29 2.1.2. Diversitatea interspecifică a genului Allium .............................................. 30 2.1.3. Diversitatea intraspecifică a genului Allium .............................................. 34 2.2. Ecologia genului Allium ...................................................................................... 35 2.2.1. Originie și răspândire ................................................................................ 35 2.2.2. Particularități ecologice ale creșterii și dezvoltării la genul Allium ......... 39 2.2.3. Interacțiunea cu factorii de mediu abiotici ................................................ 43 2.2.4. Interacțiunea cu factorii de mediu biotici .................................................. 44 2.3. Morfologia speciilor ornamentale ale genului Allium ......................................... 45 2.4. Aspecte privind compoziţia chimică a plantelor din genul Allium....................... 48 CAPITOLUL III – STUDII PRIVIND TEHNOLOGIA DE CULTURĂ A PLANTELOR GENULUI ALLIUM ....................................................................... 49 3.1. Particularităţi ale înmulţirii plantelor din genul Allium ...................................... 49 3.2. Înființarea culturii prin bulbi .............................................................................. 53 3.2.1. Pregătirea solului/substratului de cultură ………………………………. 53 3.2.2. Epoca de plantare și mărimea bulbilor ..................................................... 54 3.2.3. Perioada de repaus și depozitarea bulbilor .............................................. 55 3.3. Lucrări de întreţinere ........................................................................................... 56 3.4. Particularități tehnologice privind culturile pentru flori tăiate ............................ 59 5 Teză de doctorat 3.5. Utilizarea substanțelor bioactive în tehnologia de cultură a plantelor din genul Allium ……………………………………………………………………………….. 60 3.6. Valorificarea speciilor ornamentale de Allium .................................................... 62 PARTEA A II-A CONTRIBUȚII PROPRII CAPITOLUL IV – SCOPUL, OBIECTIVELE ȘI METODOLOGIA GENERALĂ DE CERCETARE .............................................................................. 65 4.1. Scopul și obiectivele cercetărilor ......................................................................... 65 4.2. Metodologia generală de cercetare ............................................................... 66 4.3. Materialul utilizat ................................................................................................ 66 4.3.1. Materialul biologic ................................................................................... 66 4.3.2. Materialul tehnic ....................................................................................... 70 4.4. Organizarea experiențelor……………………………………………………… 71 CAPITOLUL V – DESCRIEREA CADRULUI ORGANIZATORIC DE DESFĂȘURARE A CERCETĂRILOR ................................................................. 77 5.1. Prezentarea generală a fermei didactice horticole ........................................ 77 5.1.1. Ferma didactică experimentală ”Vasile Adamachi” ................................ 77 5.1.2. Spaţiul didactic-experimental al disciplinei de floricultură ................ 77 5.2. Analiza condițiilor de cadru natural .................................................................... 77 5.2.1. Așezare și relief ………………………………………………………… 78 5.2.2. Condiții hidrografice și hidrologice …………………………………….. 78 5.2.3. Condiții pedologice …………………………………………………..… 78 5.3. Condițiile climatice ............................................................................................. 79 5.3.1. Regimul termic ………………………………………………………..... 79 5.3.2. Regimul pluviometric …………………………………………………... 80 5.3.3. Regimul termic și pluviometric pe durata anilor experimentali ……... 80 5.3.4. Umiditatea aerului ..………………………………………………….... 82 5.3.5. Regimul eolian ……..………………………………………………..… 82 5.4. Vegetația ............................................................................................................. 82 CAPITOLUL VI – REZULTATE PRIVIND TRATAMENTELE CU BIOREGULATORI DE CREŞTERE APLICATE TAXONILOR ORNAMENTALI DE ALLIUM ………………………………………………... 83 6.1. Protocolul experimental în organizarea experienței ....................................... 83 6.2. Rezultate privind influența tratamentelor cu bioregulatori asupra aparatului foliar 84 6.3. Rezultate privind influența tratamentelor cu bioregulatori asupra tijelor florifere și inflorescențelor ………………………………….…………………….… 96 6 Aurelia Elena ROȘCA (MELUȚ) 6.4. Rezultate privind influența tratamentelor cu bioregulatori asupra producției de bulbi ……………………………………………..……………….……………….…. 106 6.5. Rezultate privind influența tratamentelor cu bioregulatori asupra desfășurării fenofazelor ……………………………………………………………………...….. 115 6.6. Rezultate privind influența tratamentelor cu bioregulatori asupra desfăşurării proceselor fiziologice şi biochimice ………………………………………………… 122 6.6.1. Influenţa asupra conţinutului în pigmenţi asimilatori ……………….. 123 6.6.2. Influenţa asupra conţinutului în glucide solubile ……………………... 129 CAPITOLUL VII – REZULTATE PRIVIND INFLUENŢA EPOCII DE PLANTARE ŞI MĂRIMII BULBILOR MAMĂ ASUPRA CULTIVARULUI `PURPLE RAIN` ……………………………………….………………………….. 134 7.1. Protocolul experimental în organizarea experienței ............................................ 134 7.2. Influența epocii de plantare ………………………………………………….... 134 7.3. Influența mărimii bulbului mamă …………………………………………...... 140 7.4. Influența combinată a factorilor experimentali ................................................... 145 CAPITOLUL VIII – REZULTATE PRIVIND RECOLTAREA ŞI PĂSTRAREA FLORILOR TĂIATE DE ALLIUM ………………………….… 152 8.1. Protocolul experimental în organizarea experienței ............................................ 152 8.2. Influența soluţiilor de păstrare asupra longevităţii florilor tăiate și evoluției inflorescențelor …....................................................................................................... 153 8.3. Influența stadiului de recoltare asupra longevităţii florilor tăiate ………….... 158 CAPITOLUL IX – CONCLUZII ȘI RECOMANDĂRI ...................................... 167 CHAPTER IX – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS……..……… 173 BIBLIOGRAFIE …………………………………………………………………... 179 Anexa 1. Lista figurilor ……………………………………………………………. 190 Appendix 1. List of figures …………………………………………………...…….. 191 Anexa 2. Lista tabelelor ………………………………………………………...…. 192 Appendix 2. List of tables ……………………………………………………….…. 196 Anexa 3. Lista lucărilor științifice ............................................................................ 200 7 Teză de doctorat CONTENTS Introduction ...............................................................................................................
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