INDEX

age, victim 10, 170, 171 Bayesian Belief Network 199–200, aggressive dyscontrol murderer 125 201 aggressive fantasies 16 behavioural try-outs 138 Aggressive Sexual Behaviour Inventory Berkowitz, David (’Son of Sam’) 196 217 biological theories 12–13, 21 aggressivity 15 bipolar disorder 13 alcohol 4, 24, 31, 35, 41, 73, 86, 92, Boolean logic 200 96, 135–6 borderline personality disorder 17, 53, anal sex 108, 112 56–8, 64, 135, 137 anger 4, 24, 73, 74, 177 Boston Strangler 195 pre-crime/crime-phase 86, 94–5, 96 brain damage 21, 108 anger-excitation rape/murder 126, 178 Bundy, Ted 9, 26 anger-retaliatory rape/murder 125, 178 case studies angry murderers angry murderers 139–40, 226–7 case study 139–40, 226–7 marginality 151–3 characteristics 125, 128, 131–3 overcontrol 153–4 crime phase 133–4 personality disorders 66–8 post-crime attitudes 137–8 sadistic murderer 138–40, 225 pre-crime phaseCOPYRIGHTED 134–7 sexual MATERIAL aggressor 46–7, 82–3, 150–1 animals, cruelty towards 21, 109 sexual murderers 47–50 antisocial personality disorder 17, 21, sexual offender treatment programme 54–6, 64 225–8 Antisocial Personality Questionnaire (APQ) violent polymorphism 149–50 165, 172 catathymic murderer 14, 125 attachment, inadequate 30–1 CATCHEM database 199 atypical sexual behaviours during childhood Chikatilo, Andrei 207 36–7, 42–3 child physical abuse 30 autoerotic activities 31 child sexual abuse 13, 30 avoidant personality disorders childhood 167–8 111, 135 chronically overcontrolled personalities 154 250 INDEX

Clarke Sex History scales 112 dissociative syndrome 13, 17, 53, 57, 63 classical (respondent) conditioning 13 distance-decay function 203–4 classification of sexual murders 176–80 drug abuse 24, 35, 41, 73, 86, 136 clinical description 178–9 DSM-III 52, 55, 64 pragmatic 176–7 DSM-III-R 110, 113 statistical description 179–80 DSM-IV 52, 54, 55, 59, 64, 107 theory-led 177–8 axis I mental disorders 60 cluster analysis 198 axis II mental disorders 60, 61 Coercive Sexual Fantasies Questionnaire dual-path prediction model of sexual 217 coercion of women 30 cognitive behavioural theory (CBT) 189 Duffy, John (’Railway Rapist’) 198 cognitive distortion 73, 214 duration of crime 86 commuter hypothesis 206 dysfunctional family relationships 13 compulsive sexual murders 14, 100, 125 Computerized Sex Offenders Questionnaire education 36, 42 (CSOQ) 27, 129 EMBU 163–4 conduct disorder, childhood 161–2 emotional isolation 30 confinement, unlawful 108 empathy deficits 68, 214 conflict resolution 221–2 empirical model 44–5 coping strategies 15, 31 endocrinological factors 12, 13 crime pattern theory 203 entitlement, feelings of 15 crime scenario, analysis 10, 217–20 environmental criminology 202–10 crime-scene profiling 196–7 epidemiology 11–12 criminal acts, definition 72 epilepsy 12, 13 criminal career 32, 38, 43–4 erectile difficulties 109 Criminal Code of Canada 9–10 erotophonophilia 12 Criminal Geographic Targeting (CGT) escalation models 75–8 algorithm 207 ethnicity 161 criminal profiling 193–211 exhibitionism 17, 31, 33, 109 crime-scene profiling 196–7 Exner system 55 evaluative studies 201–2 exposure to inadequate models 33–4, evolution 195–201 38–9 geocriminology and geographical profiling expressive murder 198 of sexual murders 202–10 inductive vs. deductive 194–5 Facet Theory 198 psychological profiling 195–6 familial violence 41 statistical profiling 197–201 fetishism 17, 25, 109 firearms 24 daydreaming 35, 41 forensic history 166–7 deductive profiling 194–5 functional MRI 232 definition of sexual murder 9–10 fury murderer 1275 Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory fuzzy logic 200–1 112 developmental characteristics 20, 21 genetic factors 12, 13 developmental factors 29–32, 33–7, 45 geocriminology (environmental criminology) sexual aggressors 29–30 202–10 sexual murderers 30–2 geographical mobility 204–5 developmental profiles 37–8, 43 geographical profiling of sexual murders developmental variables 68 202–11 deviant sexual fantasies 13, 14, 15–17, 24, application to police investigations 25, 37, 43, 74, 86, 92, 93, 96, 136–7 205–7 disorganized murderer 125, 134, 136, program 207–8 176–7, 196 value of 208–10 INDEX 251 grievance murderer 125 McVeigh, Timothy 100 guilt 68, 137, 221–2 mental map 203, 208 Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) hostile masculinity 30 52, 56, 59–60, 61–2, 64–9, 116, 135, 230 humiliation rape 110 MCMI-I 115 humiliation victimization 86, 108, 120 MCMI-III 164–5, 168, 172 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory implicit theories (IT) 179–80 (MMPI) 21, 52, 55, 113 categorization of sexual murderers mixed murderer 126, 177 by 186–8 Montreal Study of sexual murders 26–8 dangerous world 181–2 methods 26–8 entitlement 183–4 objectives 26 uncontrollable male sex drive 182–3 procedures 27–8 women are unknowable/women are subjects 26–7 dangerous 185 mood disorders 63 women as sex objects 184–5 motivational model (FBI) 15–17, 30, 32, 45, 88, inappropriate behaviours, childhood 30, 33, 94–5 35–6, 41–2, 96 motivations 126, 175–90 incest 40 MTC-R-3 110, 114, 197 incidence Multidimensional Assessment of Sex and of serial killers 3, 101, 160 Aggression (MASA) 164, 166, 167, 217, of sexual offenders (England and Wales) 230 159 multidimensional scaling 198 inductive profiling 194–5 Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI) 164, 230 instrumental murder 198 multivariate statistical analysis 76–8 integrative models 94 mutilation intentional factors in sexual assault postmortem 108 73–4, 85–6 sexual 108, 188 intervention goals 222–5 intrafamilial assaults 74 narcissistic personality disorders 54–6, 64, 137 IQ 21, 25, 165 Nazism 109 negative reciprocity 71–2 Jack the Ripper 195 negativity, prevalence of 218 neurological factors 12, 13 Kelly, Mary 195 neuropsychological dysfunction murderer kidnapping 108 126 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test 207 nonserial sexual murderers life histories in Quebec vs. USA 101–3 least effort, principle of 203 sexual aggressors of women and 19–24 limbic system, trauma to 12 serial sexual murderers and 24–5 logistic regression analysis 76–8, 199, 201 nonsexual assault 2 loneliness 16 lust murder see sadistic murder obscene phone calls 109 lying, habitual 31, 35, 94 obsessive-compulsive disorder 17, 53, 57–8, 63 Mad Bomber 195 offence characteristics 170–1 marauder hypothesis 205–6 omnipotent illusion 222 mass murder 10 operant conditioning 13–14 mass murderer, definition 100 organized murderer 125, 133, 134, 136, masturbatory activities 15, 17, 36 176–7, 196 matricentric rage 14–15 matricide, symbolic 14 paedophiles 32 matrix of repetition 218 paranoid ideation 53 252 INDEX paraphilias 17, 21, 24, 25, 31, 95 case studies 138–40, 225 parental violence 30 characteristics 125, 127, 131–3 personality assessment 168–70 crime phase 133–4 personality disorders 17, 54–7, 57–9, 64–6, 111 elimination of a witness 146 case studies 66– link between criminal career and 147–54 personality profile 96 neutralization of victim resistance 146 phallometry 232 post-crime attitudes 137–8 phobias 35, 41 pre-crime phase 134–7 phone-sex services 36 rage and vengeance 145–6 pornography 4, 31, 36, 109, 120 role of sadism in sexual murder 146 power-assertive rape/murderer 126, 177 sadistic sexual behaviours, emergence of 31 power-reassurance rape/murderer 126, 177–8 sadistic sexual offenders 107–22 pre-crime characteristics 23 adult daily life 109–10 pre-crime/crime-phase anger 86, 94–5, 96 phallometric profile 110 pre-crime/crime-phase sexual arousal 86 pre-crime and crime phases 112 PRESS system 199 psychopathological profiles 110–12 process of fascination 218–19 vs. nonsadistic sexual offenders 112–14, property, crime against 2, 93, 96 115–19, 120–2 psychiatric history 168 sadomasochism, child 221 psychodynamic approaches 14–15 SALVAC 209 psychological characteristics 22 Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive psychological profiling 195–6 Personality (SNAP) 57, 65 psychological theories 13–17 schema-focused treatment 189 psychopathy 17, 51, 54–6, 58 schizoid personality disorder 17, 57, 58, 111, Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R) 162 135 psychopathy scale (PCL-R) 55, 56 schizophrenia 17 psychosis 52–3 schizotypal personality disorders 57 psychotic disorders 62–3 self-esteem 16, 35, 94, 121, 172 self-regulation 221–2 rage 4, 14 serial killers 1–2, 3, 99–105 matricentric 14–15 definition 100 see also anger deviant sexual fantasies in 103–4 rape murderer 126 incidence 3, 101, 160 rational choice theory 23, 72 life histories in Quebec vs. USA 101–3 rebelliousness 15 relationship to victim and premeditation relapse prevention 214 104–5 relational problems and guilt, early 221–2 serial murder 10 relationship to victim 161, 165–6 serial sexual murderer, definition 100 remorse 68, 137 Sex Fantasy Questionnaire (SFQ) 217 resistance 97 sex of victims 10 respondent conditioning 13 sex offender treatment programmes 159–60 Rigel 207–8 sexual abuse, childhood 40 Rorschach tests 56 sexual aggressors 3–4, 148–9 routine activities theory 203 Sexual Arousability Inventory 217 Ryan, Michael 100 sexual assault 5, 92 sexual-assault decision trees 78, 85 Sade, Marquis de 1, 107 attack outcome 78–80, 84 sadism 1, 2, 4–5, 21 attack severity 80–2 aetiological and developmental factors sexual gratification 14 108–9 sexual history 167 definition 107, 215–16 sexual murder 10, 14 sadistic impulses 177 definition 100, 215–16 sadistic murderers 10, 177 sexual nuisance offences 109 INDEX 253 sexual offender treatment programmes Special Hospitals Assessment of Personality 213–28 and Socialisation (SHAPS) 165 analysis of crime scenario 217–20 Speck, Richard 100 analysis of victim function 219–20 spree murderers, definition 100 case studies 225–8 statistical profiling 197–201 clinical issues 220–5 strangulation 24, 186 early relational problems and Sutcliffe, Peter William (Yorkshire Ripper) guilt 221–2 205 effectiveness 213–15 initial evaluation 216–17 temper tantrums, adolescent 21, 120 intervention goals 222–5 testimony 10, 11 therapeutic framework 216–17 testosterone deficits 12, 21 sexual promiscuity 30 torture 108 sexual sadism 17, 53–4, 63 transvestism 21, 25 definition 107–8 trauma-control model 31, 88, 95 sexual tension 14 sexually motivated murderer 178, 189 vengeance, desire for 15, 74, 86 sexually-triggered/aggressive control VICAP 209 murderer 126, 178–9, 189 victim behaviour 71–2 sexually triggered/aggressive dyscontrol victim characteristics 68, 170–1 sexual murderer 179, 189 victim humiliation 86, 108, 120 sexually triggered-neuropsychological victim, relationship to 86, 161, 165–6 dysfunction 179 victim resistance 73–4, 84, 85, 86, 92, 93 Shipley Institute of Living Scale 163, 165 victimization 33, 34–5, 39–40, 96 situational factors in sexual assault 68, 73–5, childhood 167 86, 92 voyeurism 17, 21, 25, 33, 109 Smallest Sample Analysis (SSA) 198 Smallest Space Analysis 198 weapons, use of 74, 86, 92, 97, 108 social conflict 19 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised social isolation 15, 16, 21, 31, 35, 41, 94, 163 95, 161 witchcraft 109 social skills deficits 73, 214 witness elimination murderer 125, 126 sociodemographic characteristics 20 Wolfgang severity score (NSCS) 38 socio-historical theory of serial sexual murder 18 Yorkshire Ripper (Sutcliffe, Peter William) sociological theories 18–19 205