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Compilation of This Document 1 Heritage Conservation Committee Core-6A, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003 2 PREFACE The Heritage Conservation Committee at its meeting held on 27.08.2012 decided to bring out a comprehensive compilation on heritage which would act as a reference document for all heritage related aspects. The work was entrusted to the Secretariat of the HCC. The Secretariat took up this work in right earnest and approached all public bodies in Delhi concerned with the heritage of the City. Based on the material and data furnished by these bodies the Compilation on Heritage was prepared. The information provided by these bodies on their respective websites was also valuable in preparation of the Compilation. However, the information in respect of the Cantonment area could not be incorporated for want of requisite data and material from the Delhi Cantonment Board. While the attempt here has been to highlight the functions of each of the organizations together with the laws, regulations etc. governing them the Compilation would need to be improved from time to time to incorporate further details of the heritage structure in Delhi including brief background of each building together with their dated photographs, the present status of each of the heritage structures. We welcome any suggestions for making this compilation more useful for the stakeholders. Vinod Kumar Member-Secretary Heritage Conservation Committee HCC Team : Sh. Amit Mukherji, Consultant Smt. Indu Rawat, Admin. Coordinator 3 FOREWORD The compilation on heritage is an outcome of an initiative taken by the Ministry of Urban Development at its meeting held on 09.11.2011 under the Chairmanship of Secretary (UD) on the subject of Conservation and Preservation of Urban Heritage Fabric for having a comprehensive reference document which would contain all aspects relating to heritage pertaining to the city of Delhi. The task of preparation of this compilation was entrusted to the Secretariat of the HCC as decided by the HCC at its meeting held on 27.8.2012. Concerted efforts were made by the team (comprising of Sh. Vinod Kumar, Member-Secretary, HCC, Sh. Amit Mukherji, Consultant and Smt. Indu Rawat) to collect relevant details from the organizations in Delhi working on heritage by the Heritage Team. The outcome of their effort and the guidance given by the HCC from time to time has resulted in this useful document which has been titled as "Compilation on Heritage of Delhi". I am thankful to the following organizations who have provided requisite material which helped in compilation of this document :- Heritage Conservation Committee Delhi Urban Heritage Foundation Archaeological Survey of India Department of Archaeology GNCTD Central Public Works Department INTACH Delhi Chapter Aga Khan Trust Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL) Delhi Urban Art Commission (DUAC) D. DIPTIVILASA Chairman Heritage Conservation Committee 4 CONTENTS Page No. A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF DELHI 3-9 B. AGENCIES CONCERNED WITH HERITAGE 10 1. HERITAGE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE 11-13 2. DELHI URBAN HERITAGE FOUNDATION 14 3. THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (ASI) 15-17 4. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY GNCTD 18-22 5. CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT (CPWD) 23 6. INTACH DELHI CHAPTER 24-25 7. AGA KHAN TRUST 26-27 8. DELHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT LIMITED (DIAL) 28 9. DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION (DUAC) 29 ANNEXURES 1. Annexure-I (Extracts from MPD 2021) 30-31 2. Annexure-II (Extracts from Delhi Building Bye-Laws, 1983) 32-38 3. Annexure-III (List of heritage buildings under the jurisdiction of NDMC) 39-42 4. Annexure-IV (List of heritage buildings under the jurisdiction of MCD) 43-63 5. Annexure-V (Delhi Heritage Foundation) 64-71 6. Annexure-VI (Ancient Monuments and Archaological Sites and Remains 72-144 Act, 1958) 7. Annexure-VII (List of monuments in Delhi under the jurisdiction of ASI) 145-152 8. Annexure-VIII (Delhi Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological 153-165 Sites and Remains Act, 2004) 9. Annexure-IX (List of heritage buildings under the jurisdiction of CPWD) 166 10. Annexure-X (INTACH Charter) 167-185 11. Annexure-XI (Extracts taken from Section 11 of the DUACT Act) 186 5 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF DELHI Delhi was a centre of habitation right from the Stone-age. As a site for habitation, Delhi was governed by some natural advantages particular to its geographical location- the presence of a perennial river; hills for the supply of stones for construction; a buffer in times of war and a very rich agricultural hinterland to feed a colossal urban population, engaged in non-agricultural pursuit. The wider regional importance of Delhi historically stemmed from its crucial geographical location on an important trade route, the Uttarapatha that ran along the Gangetic plain and linked up to the Silk Route. Over the years, various habitations came up in the triangular area formed by the River Yamuna and the Ridge. Archaeological findings have revealed continuous cultural layers from 3rd-4th C BC to the Mughal Period, and pottery fragments that date from approximately 1000-500 BC. Rulers of successive dynasties that conquered Delhi developed portions of land in this triangular region of Delhi, each with their distinct walls, forts and supporting fabric—creating over time its various cities. As early as the thirteenth century, the idea of Delhi was internalized by the citizens and poets, who referred to it as Hazrat-i-Dehli (revered Delhi) or the Shahr (the City). Lal Kot, the 1st city of Delhi was founded by the Tomar dynasty in 1060 AD. The Chauhans replaced the Tomars in the mid-12th C and enlarged Lal Kot to form Qila Rai Pithora. There were Muslim rulers in Delhi, the Turks from Central Asia, from AD 1192. Delhi grew to be the capital of an empire in the time of the Delhi Sultanate, with the establishment of Siri, the 2nd city of Delhi. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (r. 1320-24), the first of the Tughlaq kings who followed the Khaljis built Tughlaqabad, the 3rd city of Delhi. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq linked the older cities of Lal Kot and Siri with two walls, from AD 1326-27, to build Jahanpanah, the 4th city of Delhi. Firoz Shah Tughlaq(1351-1388) built Firozabad, the 5th city of Delhi, on the banks of the Yamuna. Unlike the several other dynasties who ruled from Delhi, the Sayyid (15th C) and Lodi Dynasties (mid 15th C) have not left behind any particular city. Delhi was then intermittently the capital of the Mughal Empire (with a hiatus from the mid-16th to mid- 17th centuries) and Emperor Humayun, in AD 1533, built Dinpanah, the 6th city of Delhi. In AD 1639, Shahjahan shifted the Mughal capital of the Mughal Empire back to Delhi and the walled city of Shahjahanabad, the 7th city of Delhi was built. These cities—fragments of which we can see still see today—respected the topography and ecology of the region and coexisted with the earlier settlements even when they supplanted them. Rarely can there be found anywhere in the world, so many contiguous manifestations of the city form—shaped by, and resulting in, a unique density of human interaction—as in Delhi. Delhi sustained as an Imperial capital for over 300 years and again after an interregnum. The British defeated the Marathas in AD 1803 and took over Delhi. In AD 1911, they moved their capital from Calcutta to Delhi and New Delhi, the capital of the erstwhile British Empire in the east was built to the south-west of the old walled city of Shahjahanabad. The Imperial Cities of Delhi’ are both outstanding examples of town planning of their time, o Shahjahanabad , the capital city of the Mughal Empire established by the Mughal Emperor Shahjahan in the mid 17th century (1638- 1857), that represented the apogee of town- planning in medieval India; and , o New Delhi, planned in 1912-13, as the capital of the erstwhile British Empire in India, reflecting the fusion of two dominant themes of the early twentieth century city planning- the City Beautiful (vistas) and the Garden city (verdure) concepts. 6 Although Shahjahanad and New Delhi are today engulfed within what is now termed as the National Capital Territory of Delhi, the original urban morphology of each of these cities remains intact. The original extent of the city as designed during the Mughal period forms the core area in the case of Shahjahanabad and the city limits as drawn out by Sir Edwin Lutyens and H Baker forms the core area in the case of New Delhi. Shahjahanabad The location of the walled city of Shahjahanabad, on high land on the western bank of the River Yamuna, was a point where important land routes converged. The city was encircled by an 8 kilometer long wall, pierced by a number of gates and wickets. The largest and grandest structure within the city is the palace citadel, Qila-i-Mubarak (Red Fort), laid out fronting the Yamuna and planned to house the imperial court and the residential quarters of the king and his harem. Chandni Chowk, a ceremonial pathway, is the mile long, east west ceremonial axis, at one end of which is the Qila-i-Mubarak and at the other end the Fatehpuri Masjid. Important public buildings and commercial establishments were located along this ceremonial axis among them the kotwali(main police station), Sunehri Masjid, a mosque built in 1721-22 This ceremonial street was divided into three sections by two historic squares. The one nearest to the fort was originally called Kotwali Chowk, but is today known popularly as Phawwara chowk after the phawwara or fountain established here in the 1870s. The area north of Chandni Chowk had a large private garden on a 54 acre plot and large estates of the nobility.
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