White Clay Lake Management Plan

Home , Shawano Lake

Draft

White Clay Lake Management Plan

White Clay Lake Restoration and Rehabilitation District

Date Adopted

Prepared by the East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission

EAST CENTRAL WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION

Martin Farrell, Chair Jeff Nooyen, Vice-Chair Eric Fowle, Secretary-Treasurer

COMMISSION MEMBERS

CALUMET COUNTY SHAWANO COUNTY

Alice Connors Jerry Erdmann, Chair Hope Karth Thomas Kautza Merlin Gentz Chuck Dallas Rick Jaeckels WAUPACA COUNTY FOND DU LAC COUNTY Dick Koeppen Allen Buechel James Nygaard Martin Farrell Brian Smith Brenda Schneider DuWayne Federwitz Karyn Merkel (Joseph Moore, Alt.) WAUSHARA COUNTY Charles Hornung Donna Kalata MENOMINEE COUNTY Larry Timm Neal Strehlow Ruth Winter Elizabeth Moses WINNEBAGO COUNTY (Jeremy Johnson, Alt.) James Lowey Mark Harris Shiloh Ramos OUTAGAMIE COUNTY (David Albrecht, Alt.) Ernie Bellin Thomas Nelson Steve Cummings Daniel Rettler Ken Robl Timothy Hanna Robert Schmeichel Jeff Nooyen Michael Thomas EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS Kevin Sturn Jill Michaelson, WisDOT Ronald McDonald, Valley Transit

White Clay Lake Management Plan

White Clay Lake Restoration and Rehabilitation District Board of Commissioners

Dennis Muck, Chairman Donald Radloff, District Member Leon Polzin, Treasurer Steve Wegner, District Member Jeff Simon, District Member (Town of Washington) Lee Bergsbaken, District Member Bob Krause, District Member Kenton Heller, Secretary (Shawano County Board)

Lake Management Planning Committee

Dennis Muck, WCL District Chairman Paul Jacobs, Jacobs Brothers Scott Frank, Shawano County Don Radloff, WCL District Jamie Patton, Shawano County UWEX Bob Krause, Shawano County Board Kenton Heller, WCL Sportsmen Club Ray Zuelke, SAWM Inc., APM Administrator Mark Jacobs, Green Valley Dairy

Partners

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Shawano County Land Conservation Department Shawano County UWEX White Clay Lake Sportsmen Club Jacobs Brothers Town of Washington Village of Cecil Shawano Area Waterways Management

Acknowledgements

East Central would like to thank Brenda Nordin, WDNR and the Shawano County Land Conservation Department for assisting with leadership and oversite throughout the lake management planning process. East Central and the District would like to offer a special thanks to Rachel Valeria, for her volunteer efforts throughout the planning process.

ABSTRACT

TITLE: White Clay Lake Management Plan

CONTACT: White Clay Lake Restoration and Rehabilitation District

AUTHORS: East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission

SUBJECT: Lake Management Plan

DATE: 8/16/2018

PLANNING AGENCY: East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission

SOURCE OF COPIES: East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 400 Ahnaip Street, Suite 100 Menasha, WI 54952 (920) 751-4770 www.ecwrpc.org

TABLE OF CONTENTS

White Clay Lake Management Plan Background ...... 1 Introduction and Background ...... 1 White Clay Lake Threats ...... 1 White Clay Lake Rehabilitation and Restoration District ...... 1 White Clay Lake Sportsmen’s Club ...... 1 Plan Stakeholder Participation ...... 2 Plan Guidance and Participation...... 2

Water Quality ...... 7 Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) ...... 12

Aquatic Plants and Lake Habitat ...... 17 Aquatic Plants ...... 17 Statistical Analysis of Data ...... 19 Lake Habitat ...... 21 Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) ...... 21

Fishery ...... 27

Public Engagement………...... 29 White Clay Lake Survey Results...... 33

White Clay Lake Management Plan Goals and Strategies ...... 45 Water Quality Objectives - Goal 1 ...... 45 Strategy 1A ...... 45 Strategy 1B ...... 45 White Clay Lake Aquatic Plan Objectives Goal 2 ...... 47 Strategy 1A ...... 47 Strategy 1B ...... 47 Strategy 1C ...... 47 White Clay Lake Habitat Objectives Goal 3 ...... 48 Strategy 1A ...... 48 Strategy 1B ...... 48 Strategy 1C ...... 48 Strategy 1D ...... 48 White Clay Lake Fishery Objectives Goal 4 ...... 49 Strategy 1A ...... 49 Strategy 1B ...... 49 Strategy 1C ...... 49 Strategy 1D ...... 49 Strategy 1E ...... 49 White Clay Lake Watershed Objectives Goal ...... 50 Strategy 1A ...... 50 Strategy 1B ...... 50

iii

FIGURES

Figure 1: Trophic State Index ...... 8 Figure 2: White Clay Lake Trophic Index...... 9 Figure 3: White Clay Lake Average Annual Secchi Disk Depth ...... 10 Figure 4: White Clay Lake Average Annual Total Phosphorous ...... 11 Figure 5: 2005 WCL Aquatic Plant % Relative Frequency of Occurrence...... 18 Figure 6: 2017 WCL Aquatic Plant % Relative Frequency of Occurrence...... 18 Figure 7: Long-term WDNR Sampling Averages Size ...... 28 Figure 8: White Clay Lake Survey Card Outreach Flyer ...... 29 Figure 9: White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 33 Figure 10: White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 34 Figure 11: White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 35 Figure 12: White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 36 Figure 13: White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 37 Figure 14: White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 38 Figure 15: White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 39 Figure 16: White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 40 Figure 17: White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 41 Figure 18: White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 42 Figure 19 White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 43 Figure 20: White Clay Lake Survey Results ...... 44

TABLES

Table 1: Trophic Status Index (TSI) Thresholds – General Assessment of Lake Natural Communities ...... 8 Table 2: PI Survey 2005 & 2017 Comparison ...... 17 Table 3: White Clay Lake 2005-2017 Chi-square Comparison ...... 19 Table 4: White Clay Lake Fish Stocking ...... 27 Table 5: White Clay Lake Water Quality Objectives ...... 45 Table 6: White Clay Lake Aquatic Plant Objectives ...... 47 Table 7: White Clay Lake Habitat Objectives ...... 48 Table 8: White Clay Lake Water Quality Objectives ...... 45 Table 9: White Clay Lake Watershed Objectives ...... 50

MAPS

Map 1: White Clay Lake Location Map ...... 5 Map 2: White Clay Lake Steam Classification and Watershed ...... 13 Map 3: White Clay Lake Drainage Corridors ...... 15 Map 4: White Clay Lake Shoreland and Shallow Habitat Assessment Concept Map ...... 23 Map 5: White Clay Lake Current Cattails...... 25 Map 6: White Clay Lake Survey Responses by Zip Code ...... 31

APPENDICES

Appendix A: White Clay Lake Water Quality ...... A-1 Appendix B: 2017 PI Survey Summary Results ...... B-1 Appendix C: ECWRPC 2017 Shoreland & Shallow Habitat Monitoring ...... C-1 Appendix D: White Clay Lake Fisheries Data ...... D-1 Appendix E: White Clay Lake Management Plan Survey ...... E-1 Appendix F: White Clay Lake Meeting Documentation ...... F-1

WHITE CLAY LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

White Clay Lake Management Plan Background

Introduction and Background

White Clay Lake (WCL) is located in the Town of Washington within the northeastern portion of Shawano County. The lake is a 236-acre, hard water, spring-fed lake with a maximum depth of 46 feet and 2.8 miles of shoreline. Pickerel Creek drains the lake to the west, flowing into Mud Lake, and eventually into Shawano Lake. The shoreline is predominately wetland, with a dense monotypic stand of cattails. This cattail complex is met almost entirely by agricultural fields. Bottom materials consist of 99% muck. The lake’s watershed is 2,701 acres of primarily agricultural lands and falls within the Wolf River Basin.

In 2012, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Recourses (WDNR) placed White Clay Lake on the impaired waters list1 for total phosphorus. The 2018 assessments show a continued impairment by phosphorus exceeding thresholds for recreation use and fish and aquatic life. The lake was part of a priority watershed project in the 1970s that eliminated direct barnyard discharge on the north shore. WCL is one of the WDNR’s long-term monitoring lakes.

White Clay Lake Threats

WCL’s proximity to Shawano Lake, the Winnebago Pool Lakes, the Bay of Green Bay and Lake Michigan pose threats to new introductions of aquatic invasive species (AIS). New AIS introductions have the potential to adversely impact the lake’s ecosystem and fishery.

WCL has one public boat landing, located at the end of Lodge Road that can accommodate 14 vehicle/boat trailers. A private landing is owned by the WCL Lodge southwest of the public landing.

White Clay Lake Rehabilitation and Restoration District

The White Clay Lake Rehabilitation and Restoration District (herein The District) was formed in 1975. The District was the first lake district in Wisconsin to address lake water quality by addressing agricultural practices and was the first district to receive grant funding under the Lake Management Program.

White Clay Lake Sportsman Club

The White Clay Lake Sportsmen’s Club (WCLSC) has been active since 1970 and is involved in fish stocking, overall promotion of the lake’s fishery and resources, and organizes an annual ice fishing tournament.

1 WDNR, http://dnr.wi.gov/water/waterDetail.aspx?key=11102 .

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 1 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Plan Stakeholder Participation

Lake Management Planning is a collaborative process that brings together local communities, state agencies, riparian property owners, and lake stakeholders together to develop long-term strategies to protect and enhance a lake’s resources. This is done by completing lake assessments and providing public educational outreach. Public engagement is an important aspect of the lake management planning process to make sure that all lake stakeholders are considered while drafting plan goals and implementation strategies.

Public participation was welcomed throughout the planning process as part of The District’s meetings and planning committee meetings. Below is a list of opportunities provided for public involvement:

 district meetings;  planning committee meetings;  Plan Kick-Off Public Meeting (held in Cecil);  on-line stakeholder opinion survey;  in-person stakeholder opinion survey; and  Draft Plan Public Comment Meeting.

In an effort to engage as many lake stakeholders as possible, a direct mailing to invite participation in the online survey was sent to every address listed in the Town of Washington’s annual boat launch passes records. Flyers were also added to the Town of Washington and Village of Cecil’s 2017 property tax mailing.

Plan Guidance and Participation

The White Clay Lake Rehabilitation and Restoration District – administered the WDNR Lake Management Grant, provided historical information, developed the White Clay Lake Management Plan’s Planning Committee, and coordinated with the Town of Washington on planning efforts, etc.

Shawano County Land Conservation Department – provided professional staff time to model the watershed, provide insights and historical information, participated in the planning committee, etc.

Town of Washington – Participated in planning committee meetings and provided mailing addresses.

White Clay Lake Sportsmen’s Club – participated on the Planning Committee, hosted meetings, and promoted the public survey.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission – facilitated lake management planning process and worked with The District to draft the management plan.

2 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Wisconsin Department of Natural Recourses – provided leadership throughout the planning process, provided professional staff time for the PI Survey, provided water quality and fisheries data, etc.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 3 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Page intentionally left blank.

4 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Map 1 White Clay Lake Location

0 50,000 100,000

Feet

Source: Base data and LiDAR provided by Shawano County (2015). Catchment and watersheds provided by WDNR.

This data was created for use by the East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Geographic Information System. Any other use/application of this information is the responsibility of the user and such use/application is at their own risk. East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission disclaims all liability regarding fitness of the information for any use other than for East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission business. PREPARED AUGUST 2018 BY::

Sources: Esri, HERE, DeLorme, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P, NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), MapmyIndia, NGCC, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 5

Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Water Quality

Lakes are classified by trophic states that measure basic productivity levels. The three lake classifications are:

 Oligotrophic Lakes. Oligotrophic lakes are lakes with low nourishment and productivity. These lakes tend to be very clear, have low phosphorous levels, and production of biological material is low.

 Mesotrophic Lakes. Mesotrophic lakes have moderate nourishment and productivity. Mesotrophic lakes are moderately clear, have higher levels of phosphorus, and have elevated levels of biological production including fish.

 Eutrophic Lakes. Eutrophic lakes are high in nourishment and productivity. These lakes are very fertile lakes that support high production of algae and/or aquatic plants. Eutrophic Lakes support abundant quantities of fish, frequent algae blooms, and often have user conflicts with recreational boating and swimming.

WCL is part of the WDNR’s Long-Term Trend Monitoring program initiated in 1987. Parameters include the following: temperature, Secchi clarity, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, total phosphorous, nitrogen, and chlorophyll-a. The parameters were also completed at lower frequency water quality monitoring on long-term trend lakes which includes total phosphorus and Secchi depth during spring overturn and collection of additional parameters three times during a summer index period (15 July - 15 September). These parameters include components of the Trophic Status Index or TSI (total phosphorus, Secchi disk, and chlorophyll a) and field profiles for dissolved oxygen, temperature, and conductance. Other water quality parameters collected once each summer include pH, conductivity, alkalinity, color, nitrate + nitrite, and total Kjeldahl-N. Calcium and magnesium are sampled once every 5 years. Long-term trend lake data can be viewed on the WDNR’s Surface Water Integrated Monitoring System (SWIMS) at https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/surfacewater/swims.

Wisconsin Consolidated Assessment and Listing Methodology (WisCALM) is an assessment protocol for gauging the quality of a lake. Figure 1 provides the Trophic State Index (TSI) thresholds for general assessment of lake natural communities.2

2 WDNR, http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/surfacewater/documents/2014/2014wiscalm.pdf .

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 7 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Figure 1: Trophic State Index

Trophic state index (TSI) is determined using a mathematical formula (Wisconsin has its own version). The TSI is a score from 0 to 110, with lakes that are less fertile having a low TSI. The WDNR bases the overall TSI on the Chlorophyll TSI when the WDNR has Chlorophyll data. If the WDNR does not have chemistry data, TSI Secchi is used. The WDNR does this rather than averaging, because the TSI is used to predict biomass. This makes chlorophyll the best indicator. TSI TSI Description Classical oligotrophy: clear water, many algal species, oxygen throughout the year in TSI < 30 bottom water, cold water, oxygen-sensitive fish species in deep lakes. Excellent water quality. Deeper lakes still oligotrophic, but bottom water of some shallower lakes will become TSI 30-40 oxygen-depleted during the summer. Water moderately clear, but increasing chance of low dissolved oxygen in deep water TSI 40-50 during the summer. Lakes becoming eutrophic: decreased clarity, fewer algal species, oxygen-depleted TSI 50-60 bottom waters during the summer, plant overgrowth evident, warm-water fisheries (pike, perch, bass, etc.) only. Blue-green algae become dominant and algal scums are possible, extensive plant TSI 60-70 overgrowth problems possible. Becoming very eutrophic. Heavy algal blooms possible throughout summer, dense plant TSI 70-80 beds, but extent limited by light penetration (blue-green algae block sunlight).

TSI > 80 Algal scums, summer fishkills, few plants, rough fish dominant. Very poor water quality.

Source: WDNR SWIMS, 2017

The WDNR lists WCL’s average summer trophic state for the last 5 years at 56 (Eutrophic) 3. This rating is considered fair according to Deep Lowland lake thresholds (Table 1). Figure 2 represents the long-term TSI for total phosphorus (TP TSI), Chlorophyll (CHL TSI), and Secchi Disk (SD TSI) from 1973 to 2016. The dashed red line indicates the threshold of where lakes start becoming eutrophic.

Table 1: Trophic Status Index (TSI) Thresholds – General Assessment of Lake Natural Communities

Condition Shallow Deep Level Headwater Lowland Seepage Headwater Lowland Seepage Two-story Excellent < 53 < 53 < 45 < 48 < 47 < 43 < 43 Good 53-61 53-61 45-57 48-55 47-54 43-52 43-47 Fair 62-70 62-70 58-70 56-62 55-62 53-62 48-52 Poor ≥71 ≥ 71 ≥ 71 ≥63 ≥ 63 ≥ 63 ≥53

Source: WDNR WisCALM, http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/surfacewater/documents/2014/2014wiscalm.pdf

3 WDNR, http://dnr.wi.gov/lakes/lakepages/LakeDetail.aspx?wbic=326400&page=waterquality .

8 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Figure 2: White Clay Lake Trophic Index 80

20 1973 1974 1975 1982 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

TP TSI CHL TSI SD TSI 50-60 TSI White Clay Lake TSI

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 9 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Water clarity plays an important role in aquatic vegetation abundance and diversity. If water clarity is low, aquatic vegetation will only grow in shallow water areas. In contrast, if water clarity is good, aquatic vegetation can grow in deeper water and the aquatic vegetation’s overall abundance increases. Water clarity is impacted by both dissolved and suspended material in the water column. Phytoplankton and zooplankton, along with suspended solids disperse the light penetrating through the lake’s surface. Figure 3 shows the annual average summer Secchi Disk measurements indicating water clarity levels. From 1988 to 2016 the range of Secchi readings was from 3.3 feet to 9.3 feet, with a long-term average of 5.5 feet.

Figure 3: White Clay Lake Average Annual Secchi Disk Depth

Secchi Disk (ft.) 1973 1974 1975 1982 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0

3 3.3 3.5 4 3.7 3.9 4.4 5 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.6 6 5.8 5.8 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.4 7 6.5 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8 7.8

9 8.8 9.3 10

10 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

As more phosphorus enters a waterbody, it acts to fertilize the aquatic system, allowing for more plant and algae growth. A bloom of aquatic plants may also include toxic blue-green algae or cyanobacteria, which are harmful to fish and pose health risks to humans. Algal blooms, and particularly surface scums that form, are unsightly and can have unpleasant odors. This makes recreational use of the waterbody unpleasant and poses a problem for people who live close to the affected waterbody.

Simply put, more phosphorus entering WCL will trigger more algal blooms and over abundant aquatic vegetation. This growth usually leads to problems related to lake health. One of the long-term goals of this plan will be to control phosphorus loading to WCL.

WCL is currently listed as impaired under the Clean Water Act’s 303d list for phosphorus. WisCALM sets the fish and aquatic life impairment thresholds at 60 ug/l. Figure 4 highlights WCL’s annual average total phosphorus levels.

Figure 4: White Clay Lake Average Annual Total Phosphorus

Total Phosphorus (ug/l)

200

180

160

140

120

100

0 1973 1974 1975 1982 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Throughout the planning process, controlling sediment and phosphorus loading to WCL was discussed in great detail. Partnering with the WDNR, Shawano County, and landowners will be critical to identify land use best management practices (BMPs) that can be implemented within the watershed to help control sediment and phosphorus loading. Maps 2 and 3 allow us to visualize WCL’s watershed and drainage patterns. Map 2 depicts the watershed’s streams by stream classification. East Central utilized LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data to create

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 11 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Map 3. Using this data, East Central was able to depict and highlight drainage ways that flow through agricultural fields within the WCL watershed. Identifying these drainage corridors will allow The District to better understand where to implement BMPs to have maximum impact on controlling sediment and phosphorus loading.

Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)

Section 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA) requires all states nationwide to identify waters within their boundaries that are not meeting state water quality standards. For these impaired waterbodies, Section 303(d) further requires EPA and states to develop a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for the pollutant(s) violating or causing violation of water quality standards.

A TMDL defines the maximum amount of the pollutant that a waterbody can receive while continuing to meet water quality standards. A TMDL also allocates the maximum allowable pollutant load between point and nonpoint sources of the pollutant. A TMDL provides a framework for EPA, states, and partner organizations to establish and implement pollution control and management plans, with the ultimate goal described in Section 101(a)(2) of the CWA: “water quality which provides for the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, and recreation in and on the water, wherever attainable.” 4

The WDNR has completed their Draft Total Maximum Daily Loads for Total Phosphorus and Total Suspended Solids for the Upper Fox and Wolf Basins Wisconsin in July 2018. The Draft report presents TMDLs for total phosphorus (TP) and sediment (as Total Suspended Solids, TSS) for surface waters in the Upper Fox and Wolf Basins in Wisconsin.

Impaired surface waters by excessive phosphorus and sediment loading can lead to nuisance algae growth, oxygen depletion, fish kills, reduced submerged aquatic vegetation, water clarity problems, and degraded habitat. Although phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, excess phosphorus is a concern for most aquatic ecosystems.

WCL’s watershed falls within the Wolf River Basin. WCL is listed as impaired due to excess TP and excessive algae. The WDNR has provided Wisconsin Modeling Suite (WiLMS) draft results for lakes in the Upper Fox River and Wolf River Basins. The WiLMS water quality models were developed by The Cadmus Group, Inc. to support TMDL development efforts by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 5 and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR).

The draft Total Maximum Daily Loads for Total Phosphorus and Total Suspended Solids Upper Fox and Wolf Basins lists annual TP reductions of 132 lbs/yr to meet WCL’s water quality targets. More information can be viewed at https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/TMDLs/documents/UFW/UFWDraftTMDLReport.pdf .

4Draft Total Maximum Daily Loads for Total Phosphorus and Total Suspended Solids Upper Fox and Wolf Basins Wisconsin, July 2018 https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/TMDLs/documents/UFW/UFWDraftTMDLReport.pdf .

12 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Rd Freeborn Map 2 White Clay Lake White Clay Lake Dr Stream Classification Deer La & Watershed

Division Rd

Nauman Rd White Clay Lake

Mud Lake

l h Valley Rd a W

Lodge Rd

m E

m i

T Stream Class 1 Stream Class 2 Streams not in watershed

0 1,700 3,400

Feet

Source: Base data and LiDAR provided by Shawano County E Fawn Rd (2015). Catchment and watersheds provided by WDNR. This data was created for use by the East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Geographic Information System. Any other use/application of this information is the N HighLine Rd responsibility of the user and such use/application is at their

RadloffRd own risk. East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning F Commission disclaims all liability regarding fitness of the information for any use other than for East Central WisconsinBusch Rd Regional Planning Commission business. PREPARED AUGUST 2018 BY::

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 13

Rd Freeborn Map 3 White Clay Lake White Clay Lake Dr Drainage Cooridors Deer La

Pic Division Rd keral Creek

Nauman Rd White Clay Lake

Mud Lake

h a Valley Rd W

Drainages Streams not in watershed Stream Classification 1

Lodge Rd d R m Stream Classification 2 m

i E T Stream Buffer 50ft. Drainage Buffer 50ft. White Clay Lake Watershed

0 1,700 3,400

Feet

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 15

Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Aquatic Plants and Lake Habitat

Aquatic Plants Aquatic plants act as the foundation of a healthy lake ecosystem. They not only produce oxygen, but also act as lake filters absorbing nutrients such as phosphorous and nitrogen that can trigger algae blooms. Aquatic plants also stabilize bottom sediments that help to reduce resuspension of nutrients due wave action and help to control establishment of aquatic invasive species.

WCL was surveyed by the WDNR in 2005 and again in 2017 as part of the lake management planning process (Table 2). The point intercept (PI) surveys sampled 347 locations. The PI survey completed in 2017 found rooted plants up to depths of 11.5 feet, and found a total of 18 different species and 24 total included visual observances. The 2005 survey found rooted plants up to 9 feet deep and found a total of 15 different species.

Table 2: PI Survey 2005 & 2017 Comparison Survey Summary Stats Years 2017 2005 Total number of points sampled 347 120 Total number of sites with vegetation 105 77 Total number of sites shallower than maximum depth of plants 133 95. 0 Frequency of occurrence at sites shallower than maximum depth of plants 78.9 81.1 Simpson Diversity Index 0.6 0.8 Maximum depth of plants (ft) 11.5 9 Number of sites sampled using rake on rope (R) 5 4 Number of sites sampled using rake on role (P) 142 107 Average number of species per site 1.4 1.6 Average number of native species per site 1.4 2 Species Richness 18 15 Species Richness (including visuals) 24 15

The 2005 and 2017 PI Survey’s Percent Relative Frequency of Occurrence shows that coontail is the dominate submerged vegetation followed by muskgrasses, and sago pondweed. This is somewhat expected for a lake with poor water clarity where sunlight does not allow for deeper water rooted plants to survive.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 17 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Figure 5: 2005 WCL Aquatic Plant % Relative Frequency of Occurrence 1% 1% Eurasian water milfoil 3% Curly-leaf pondweed Sago pondweed, Coontail 12% Muskgrasses Common waterweed Water star-grass Softstem bulrush, Coontail, 43% 10% Small duckweed 1% Northern water milfoil 1% 1% Bushy pondweed 5% Spiny naiad Spatterdock 1% White water lily 1% Muskgrasses, 20% 1% 1% Frie's pondweed Illinois pondweed White-stem pondweed

Source: WDNR 2005

Figure 6: 2017 WCL Aquatic Plant % Relative Frequency of Occurrence 1% 0% 2% Eurasian water milfoil 0% Sago Curly-leaf pondweed pondweed, Coontail 3% 9% 0% Muskgrasses 6% 1% 0% Common waterweed 1% 0% Water star-grass 1% Small duckweed 2% 2% Northern water milfoil 0% Bushy pondweed Muskgrasses, 11% Coontail, 59% Spiny naiad Spatterdock White water lily Frie's pondweed Illinois pondweed White-stem pondweed

Source: WDNR and ECWRPC, 2017

18 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Statistical Analysis of Data

Statistical comparisons of datasets can easily be analyzed between pre- and post-management activities or between two survey years by using a simple chi-square analysis. The chi-square analysis is commonly used to examine whether or not there was a statistically significant change in the occurrence of a plant species between the survey years or after management activities have occurred.5 A comparison of the 2017 PI survey was compared to a PI survey completed in 2005. Chi-square results are provided in Table 3 below.

Table 3: White Clay Lake 2005-2017 Chi-square Comparison White Clay Lake 2005 pre-treatment survey total points 2017post-treatment survey total points

Increase/d

ecrease

Sample Size Species p Problem points) PRE present POST presentPOST (proportional tosampling # Significant change Myriophyllum spicatum,Eurasian 0 4 0.08813 n.s. + water milfoil Potamogeton crispus,Curly-leaf 0 6 0.03591 * + pondweed Ceratophyllum demersum, Coontail 65 98 0.38547 n.s. + Chara sp., Muskgrasses 30 14 0.00007 *** - Elodea canadensis,Common Warning:Expected 1 0 0.23569 n.s. - waterweed value too small Myriophyllum sibericum,Northern Warning:Expected 1 0 0.23569 n.s. - water milfoil value too small Najas flexilis,Bushy pondweed Warning:Expected 1 0 0.23569 n.s. - value too small Heteranthera dubia, Water star- Warning:Expected 0 1 0.39699 n.s. + grass value too small Lemna minor, Small duckweed 0 4 0.08813 n.s. + Najas flexilis, Slender naiad 0 5 0.05602 n.s. + Najas marina, Spiny naiad 0 3 0.14060 n.s. + Nuphar variegata, Spatterdock Warning:Expected 1 1 0.81025 n.s. - value too small Nymphaea odorata,White water lily 8 4 0.07111 n.s. - Potamogeton nodosus,Long-leaf 1 3 0.49515 n.s. + pondweed Nymphaea odorata, White water lily Warning:Expected 0 1 0.39699 n.s. + value too small Potamogeton friesii, Fries' Warning:Expected 0 1 0.39699 n.s. + pondweed value too small

5 Recommended Baseline Monitoring of Aquatic Plants in Wisconsin: Sampling Design, Field and Laboratory Procedures, Data Entry and Analysis, and Applications; March 2010 https://www.uwsp.edu/cnr- ap/UWEXLakes/Documents/ecology/Aquatic%20Plants/PI-Protocol-2010.pdf

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 19 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Table 4: White Clay Lake 2005-2017 Chi-square Comparison (Continued)

Increase/d

ecrease

Species p Sample Size Problem PRE present points) POST present POST Significant change Significant (proportional tosampling #

Potamogeton praelongus, White- 0 14 0.00110 ** + stem pondweed Potamogeton richardsonii, 0 8 0.01495 * + Clasping-leaf pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis, Flat- Warning:Expected 0 1 0.39699 n.s. + stem pondweed value too small Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, 0 20 0.00008 *** + Softstem bulrush Spirodela polyrhiza, Large Warning:Expected 0 1 0.39699 n.s. + duckweed value too small Typha angustifolia,Narrow-leaved 18 0 0.00000 *** - cattail Utricularia geminiscapa,Twin- 4 0 0.01696 * - stemmed bladderwort Utricularia minor,Small bladderwort Warning:Expected 1 0 0.23569 n.s. - value too small Sparganium androcladum ,Shining 15 0 0.00000 *** - bur-reed Potamogeton spirillus,Spiral-fruited Warning:Expected 1 0 0.23569 n.s. - pondweed value too small Schoenoplectus 0 4 0.08813 n.s. + tabernaemontani,Softstem bulrush Myriophyllum spicatum,Eurasian 0 6 0.03591 * + water milfoil Potamogeton crispus,Curly-leaf 65 98 0.38547 n.s. + pondweed Ceratophyllum demersum, Coontail 30 14 0.00007 *** - Chara sp., Muskgrasses Warning:Expected 1 0 0.23569 n.s. - value too small Elodea canadensis,Common Warning:Expected 1 0 0.23569 n.s. - waterweed value too small Myriophyllum sibericum,Northern Warning:Expected 1 0 0.23569 n.s. - water milfoil value too small

20 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Lake Habitat

East Central staff and a local volunteer followed the WDNR’s Lake Shoreland & Shallow Habitat Monitoring Field Protocol to assess WCL’s habitat (See Appendix C). This guidance document provides a standard methodology for surveying, assessing, and mapping habitat in lakeshore areas, including the riparian buffer, bank, and littoral zones.

A lake’s littoral zone and the first 35 feet of shoreline from the water’s edge is critical habitat for the lake’s ecosystem. WCL is almost exclusively surrounded by a cattail complex that abuts to agricultural fields. WCL’s lake parcels are very large compared to the majority of Wisconsin lakes. In 2017, a total of 12 parcels were surveyed (See Map 4, a concept map created to highlight current conditions and potential restoration areas). Ten of the twelve parcels surveyed were 100% herbaceous (cattails). The public boat landing and the WCL Lodge were the only two parcels that were not exclusively cattail. However, very little tree canopy existed at these two parcel locations. The survey’s coarse woody habitat survey (loop 3), did not find any woody structure within the littoral zone.

Overall, the survey results highlight that WCL’s shoreline should be improved by establishing a shoreline that supports woody materials.

As discussed, the WCL shoreline is predominately a dense monolithic stand of cattails. During the planning process, concerns were voiced by the public that the cattail complex has grown over the years. East Central GIS staff digitized 1938 and 2015 air photos and calculated the total cattail acreage. In 1938, WCL was surrounded by 87.25 acres of cattails. In 2015, an additional 38.8 acres of cattails were present bringing the total to 126.05 acres. This additional acreage is slightly larger than the area covered by 29 football fields. The district has coordinated with the WDNR to help control cattails along the boat landing and lodge areas and plans to continue to chemically treat the cattails to help maintain these areas in the future.

Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS)

Aquatic invasive species (AIS) negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. They are non-native species that threaten the diversity or abundance of native species, by preying upon, out- competing, or transmitting disease to the native species. The WDNR lists the Chinese mystery Snail, curly-leaf pondweed (CLP), and Eurasian water-milfoil (EWM) as established in WCL.

East Central staff conducted an AIS Meander Survey in early spring and late fall 2017. No new AIS species were found in these surveys. Both EWM and CLP populations were consistent with the locations found in Shawano County Land Conservation’s 2011 White Clay Lake Aquatic Plan Inventory.6 Shawano County has also drafted a 2012 Shawano County AIS Inventory that provides distributions of AIS throughout the county with species specific information.7

6 http://www.co.shawano.wi.us/i_shawano/pu/white_clay_lake_aquatic_plant_inventory.pdf . 7 http://www.co.shawano.wi.us/i_shawano/d/shawano_co_ais_inventory_final_draft.pdf .

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 21 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

WCL’s population of CLP and EWM seems to be staying constant. Denser populations of both CLP and EWM exist within the shallow water areas along the east side of the lake, from the public boat landing and continuing north. Other populations are sporadically located throughout the lake. In some of these locations the plants exist in greater intensities and other locations are more sparsely populated, with just a single plant or two.

22 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission

Map #4 White Clay Lake Shoreland and Shallow Habitat Assessment Concept Map Potential 6 Ag Runo

5 Very Low Potential Ecological Value ^_ Shoreline / Littorial (All Cattails) Zone Restorations _^ 4

_^ 3

^_ ^_ 10 ^_ 12 _^ _^ 7 ^_

_^ Potential Shoreline 9 Restoration - Increase _^ Diverse Woody Vegetation. 11 ^_ _^^_ _^ 8 _^^__^_^ ^__^^_ _^ Potential 1 Stormwater BMP 2 Potential Shoreline Restoration 23

Map 5 White Clay Lake Current Cattails

P icke ral C reek

Current Cattail Acres: 126.05 Acres of Cattails in 1938: 87.25

Extend of Cattails in 1938 Extend of Current Cattails

0 750 1,500

Feet

Source: Base data and LiDAR provided by Shawano County (2015). Catchment and watersheds provided by WDNR.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 25

Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Fishery

White Clay Lake is a well-known year round recreational destination for panfish, northern pike, largemouth bass, and walleye. The lake receives high fishing pressure from ice fishing and throughout the summer months. The White Clay Lake Sportsmen’s Club and the WDNR have partnered to stock WCL for several years. According to WDNR fisheries staff, there is likely no spawning habitat in WCL and there is an extremely low probability of creating a successful spawning habitat. The lake is too small to create enough wind action to aerate the eggs and any rocks placed in the lake to create spawning areas will sink into the sediment or cover them. A continued stocking program is the only way to maintain a walleye population in the lake. Table 4 provides the total number of fish stocked since 1996.

Table 4: White Clay Lake Fish Stocking Year Species Strain Age Class Number of Fish 1996 Muskellunge Unspecified Fingerling 250 1996 Walleye Unspecified Fingerling 10,277 1997 Walleye Unspecified Large Fingerling 11,000 1998 Walleye Unspecified Small Fingerling 8,850 2000 Walleye Unspecified Small Fingerling 11,000 2004 Walleye Lake Michigan Small Fingerling 10,985 2005 Walleye Unspecified Large Fingerling 2,000 2006 Walleye Lake Michigan Small Fingerling 8,185 2006 Walleye Unspecified Large Fingerling 2,000 2007 Walleye Unspecified Large Fingerling 2,000 2008 Walleye Mississippi Headwaters Small Fingerling 7,990 2008 Walleye Unspecified Large Fingerling 2,000 2009 Walleye Mississippi Headwaters Yearling 1,995 2010 Walleye Mississippi Headwaters Small Fingerling 8,170 2010 Walleye Unspecified Yearling 1,999 2011 Walleye Unspecified Large Fingerling 2,000 2012 Walleye Unspecified Yearling 1,980 2013 Walleye Unspecified Large Fingerling 2,497 2014 Walleye Unspecified Yearling 1,996 2016 Walleye Unspecified Yearling 1,999 Source: WDNR Fisheries Information Sheet, Elliot Hoffman, Shawano

According to the WDNR’s long-term sampling data, WCL’s fish community is strong with good annual fish recruitment and fish growth structures. WCL has some of the fastest panfish growth rates in the state. According the WDNR’s sampling catch curve analysis, using only the bluegill that were measured from the netting survey, the estimated annual mortality rate for bluegill age 3 and older is 31%. Survival is 69%. This survival rate does not suggest overharvest is taking place.

Throughout the WCL management planning process, a number of discussions took place regarding over harvest and fish size. There is an assumption among stakeholders that small fish size is due to overharvest. Fish harvest can affect the size structure of a population.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 27 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

However, the average size of 6.5 inches for bluegill currently meets statewide goals in the Panfish Management Plan. 8

Figure7: Long-term WDNR Sampling Averages Size

Source: WDNR, 2017

Throughout the planning process a number of stakeholders expressed their support for fish cribs to provide in lake structure. Although this is supported by stakeholders the WDNR fisheries staff strongly oppose such management options. To improve fish habitat, the WDNR will support the use of fish sticks9. Fallen trees provide shelter and feeding areas for a diversity of fish species and may also provide nesting and sunning areas for birds, turtles, and other animals above the water. As mentioned above, the lake is virtually void of any woody material. Strategic placement of fish sticks would provide much needed habitat improvements to WCL.

8 A 10-Year Strategic Plan for Managing Wisconsin’s Panfish, 2016; https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/fishing/documents/outreach/PanfishManagementPlanPUBLICREVIEWDRAFT.pdf . 9 WDNR, https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/fishing/outreach/fishsticks.html .

28 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Public Engagement

As part of the planning process, East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission coordinated with the WDNR to develop a survey to determine WCL stockholders’ current understanding of lake health, use preferences, and support for long-term management options.

Figure 8: White Clay Lake Survey Card Outreach Flyer

The planning committee was holistic in their approach to reach as many lake stakeholders as possible. The following efforts were completed to ensure the survey was completed by a diverse group of lake stakeholders:

1. Postcards (Figure 8) were distributed to the White Clay Lake Lodge, instructing lake stakeholders how to complete the White Clay Lake Survey online using Survey Monkey. 2. Direct mailing - Postcards and a letter were sent to a total of 118 addresses. These addresses were provided by the Town of Washington utilizing their annual boat launch pass database. 3. A total of 1,400 post cards were included in the 2017 property tax statements for the Town of Washington and Village of Cecil. 4. Hard copy surveys – were left at the White Clay Lake Lodge and collected. 5. In-person surveys –  A volunteer interviewed lake users during the 2017 4th of July holiday week (hardcopy surveys were entered online by East Central staff).  A condensed version of the survey was utilized to collect a total of 51 in-person surveys during the 47th Annual White Clay Lake Sportsmen’s Club Fishing Derby on February 3, 2018.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 29 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

A total of 104 participants completed the online Survey Monkey WCL Survey. Data collected from the survey was utilized to help the planning committee draft long-term goals and strategies. Survey questions and responses are represented in tables and info-grams. Map 5 shows the zip code for each survey participant. As discussed previously, this map again highlights the distance stakeholders travel to utilize WCL’s resources.

30 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Map 6 White Clay Lake Survey Responses 50 Miles by ZIP Code

25 Miles

1 1 4 1 5 44 16 2 13 16 3 1 6

2 2 1 1 6 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2

1 1

1 1 1 0 140,000 280,000

Feet

Source: Base data and LiDAR provided by Shawano County (2015). Catchment and watersheds provided by WDNR.

1 This data was created for use by the East Central Wisconsin 1 Regional Planning Commission Geographic Information 1 System. Any other use/application of this information is the responsibility of the user and such use/application is at their 1,800 Miles own risk. East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission disclaims all liability regarding fitness of the 1,400 Miles information for any use other than for East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission business. PREPARED AUGUST 2018 BY:: 1

Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 31

Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Figure 9: White Clay Lake Survey Results

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 33 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Figure 10: White Clay Lake Survey Results

34 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Figure 11: White Clay Lake Survey Results

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 35 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Figure 12: White Clay Lake Survey Results

36 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Figure 13: White Clay Lake Survey Results

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 37 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Figure 14: White Clay Lake Survey Results

38 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Figure 15: White Clay Lake Survey Results

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 39 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Figure 16: White Clay Lake Survey Results

40 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Figure 17: White Clay Lake Survey Results

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 41 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Figure 18: White Clay Lake Survey Results

42 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Figure 19: White Clay Lake Survey Results

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 43 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Figure 20: White Clay Lake Survey Results

44 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

White Clay Lake Management Plan Goals and Strategies

Table 5: White Clay Lake Water Quality Objectives

Goal 1: 1A: Adopt a 10-year total phosphorus concentration reduction goal by reducing total phosphorus loading by 20%.

1B: Adopt a 20-year total phosphorus concentration reduction goal by reducing total phosphorus loading by 30%.

1C: Removal of WCL from the impaired waters (303d) list by adopting a 50-year reduction goal, so that total phosphorus concentrations are less than 30 ug/l.

Strategies Implementation Activities Activity 1: Utilize existing water quality data and recent watershed modeling data (2008 Watershed Assessment of Shawano Lake; 2017 SWAT and WiLMS – White Clay Watershed/Lake; 2018 STEPL – White Clay Lake Watershed) as a basis for identifying specific load reductions needed to reach water quality goals. Activity 2: Identify priority sites (highest sources of sediment and nutrients; landowners willing to install BMP’s) using appropriate model. Strategy 1A: Coordinate with land owners Activity 3: Work with landowners within the watershed to implement agricultural BMPs that control within the WCL Watershed, state and runoff. county employees, and volunteers to focus Activity 4: Coordinate with landowners, The District, Shawano Area Waterways Management on watershed-wide land best management (SAWM), Shawano County, WI DATCP, and the WDNR to develop a Farmer led watershed practices (BMPs). council that encompasses the WCL watershed and Shawano Lake Watershed. Activity 5 Work with land owners to apply for Healthy Lakes Grant funding for stormwater runoff controls and habitat improvements.

Activity 6: Pursue stormwater runoff controls at public boat landing.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 45 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Table 5: White Clay Lake Water Quality Objectives (Continued)

Activity 7: Promote establishment and management of riparian harvestable buffers to reduce phosphorus and sediment loading. Strategy 1A: Coordinate with land owners within the WCL Watershed, State and Activity 8: Work with WDNR, NRCS, UW-EX, Shawano County, et al. to identify land use BMPs county employees, and volunteers to focus and funding resources. on watershed-wide land best management practices (BMPs). Activity 8: Continue water quality monitoring efforts through WDNR and integration with the Citizen Lake Monitoring Network (CLMN).

Activity 1: Work with land owners to apply for Healthy Lakes Grant funding for stormwater runoff controls and habitat improvements.

Activity 2: Promote establishment and management of riparian harvestable buffers to reduce

phosphorus and sediment loading. Strategy 1B: Maintain or increase water quality functions within all riparian areas including Work with WDNR, NRCS, UW-EX, Shawano County, et al. to identify land use BMPs tributaries and wetlands. Activity 3: and funding resources.

Activity 4: Work with landowners within the watershed to implement agricultural BMPs,that control runoff.

46 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Table 6: White Clay Lake Aquatic Plant Objectives

Goal 2: Protect/enhance the integrity of the native aquatic plant community

Strategies Implementation Activities

Activity 1: Complete PI Surveys every 5 years to identify plant community trends.

Strategy 1A: Improve water clarity so to improve the rooted plant community. Activity 2: Coordinate with WDNR to design controls/ methods to control resuspension of sediments.

Activity 1: Coordinate with Fox-Wolf Watershed Alliance’s Shawano and Menominee Counties Aquatic Invasive Species Coordinator (AISC) to provide Clean Boat Clean Water Inspections.

Activity 2: Work with the Shawano and Menominee County AISC to annually evaluate the need to either chemically, diver assisted suction harvester (DASH) or manually control CLP and EWM.

Activity 3: Work with the Shawano and Menominee AISC to monitor WCL for new AIS and Strategy 1B: Control AIS populations coordinate rapid response protocols if needed.

Activity 4: Work with the Shawano and Menominee AISC to provide educational outreach to lake stakeholders. Activity 5: Work with the Shawano and Menominee AISC to identify and recruit volunteers to: monitor for AIS, provide Clean Boat Clean Waters inspections, participate in AIS control events, etc.

Strategy 1C: Establish a wild rice Activity 1: Work with the WDNR to determine the preferred strain of wild rice for WCL and support population. efforts to establish a reproducing wild rice population.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 47 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Table 7: White Clay Lake Habitat Objectives

Goal 3: Restore shallow water habitat and introduce woody habitat.

Strategies Implementation Activities

Activity 1: Coordinate with WDNR, county staff, the Healthy Lakes Program, and riparian land owners to locate the best areas to introduce ‘Fish Sticks’. Strategy 1A: Improve shoreline vegetation and habitat. Activity 2: Coordinate with WDNR, county staff, the Healthy Lakes Program, and riparian land owners to enhance shorelines. Especially at the WCL Lodge location.

Strategy 1B: Improve shallow water Activity 1: Coordinate with the Shawano and Menominee AISC to monitor and control AIS that vegetation diversity. compete against native aquatic vegetation.

Activity 1: Continue to partner with the WDNR to control cattails at the public landing and WCL Lodge sites. Strategy 1C: Cattail Control Activity 2: Work with WDNR to determine best locations for fish sticks that can be anchored to the cattail complex and control the cattail population in these locations so that the fish sticks can be effective. Activity 1: Identify critical waterfowl nursery areas and protect them from public use during nesting seasons. Strategy 1D: Protect waterfowl hatcheries. Activity 2: Work with the WCL Sportsmen’s Club, WDNR, and local volunteers to build and maintain nesting structures.

48 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Table 8: White Clay Lake Fishery Objectives

Goal 4: Support a continued healthy fish community.

Strategies Implementation Activities

Activity 1: Continue to coordinate with the WDNR to stock WCL with walleye.

Activity 2: Provide support for the Sportsmen’s Club fund raising events. Strategy 1A: Support the WCL Sportsmen’s Club walleye stocking program. Activity 3: Provide educational outreach to WCL fishermen on long-term fishery goals.

Activity 4: Coordinate with the WDNR to stock larger walleye fingerlings or yearlings.

Activity 1: Support rough fish tournaments on WCL to help control populations.

Strategy 1B: Control rough fish populations. Activity 2: Partner with WDNR to control rough fish through physical or chemical methods should the rough fish population became a nuisance in the future. Strategy 1C: Continue with the current Activity 1: Coordinate with WDNR to keep WCL on the 25/10 rule. WDNR 25/10 rule. Activity 1: Provide educational outreach to WCL stakeholders regarding suggested walleye Strategy 1D: Establish a walleye slot size harvest slot sizes (example: keep only 16 to 20 inches). limit. Activity 2: Work with WDNR to approve special WCL harvest slot sizes.

Strategy 1E: Control introductions of new Activity 1: Work with the Shawano and Menominee County AISC to provide boat inspections, AIS. educational outreach, and rapid response (if needed) to prevent new AIS introductions to WCL.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 49 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Table 9: White Clay Lake Watershed Objectives

Goal 5: Better manage the WCL Watershed to control runoff.

Issue addressed: Strategies Implementation Activities

Activity 1: Coordinate with NRCS, WDNR, and county staff to identify land use BMPs that can be implemented.

Activity 2: Work with WDNR, NRCS, UWEX, Shawano County, et al. to identify land use BMPs and funding resources. Strategy 1A: Improve cropping practice within the WCL Watershed. Activity 3: Coordinate with property owners and land managers within the WCL Watershed to explore new cropping practices such as no-till, cover crops, strip till practices, etc.

Activity 4: Identify and correct any feedlot practices that do not protect downstream water quality.

Activity 1: Coordinate with landowners, The District, Shawano Area Waterways Management (SAWM), Shawano County, WI DATCP, and the WDNR to develop a farmer led watershed council Strategy 1B: Develop a farmer led that encompasses the WCL watershed and Shawano Lake Watershed. watershed council. Activity 2: Coordinate with WDNR to identify projects within the WCL and Shawano Lake watersheds that will help meet the Wolf River TMDL goals.

50 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A White Clay Lake Water Quality

Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Table A1: White Clay Lake Water Quality Report - 1950 to 2017 County Waterbody Reg. GeoReg. County Code Station ID Lake Type Name ID(WBIC) Code Code Shawano 59 326400 593121 SPRING NE SE SD Hit SD CHK TP SD TP Start Date CHLTSI Lake Level Staff Gauge Appearance Color Preference (Ft) Bottom (M) (ug/l) (ug/l) TSI TSI 10/30/1973 190 69 1/7/1974 40 57 2/5/1974 40 57 3/8/1974 250 71 5/1/1974 20 51 6/12/1974 20 51 7/15/1974 40 57 9/5/1974 50 58 10/16/1974 130 66 11/13/1974 90 63 1/9/1975 50 58 2/1/1975 0 2/26/1975 120 65 9/13/1982 8 20 51 51 10/25/1982 13 40 57 54 7/14/1988 11 34 55 53 7/18/1988 23 52 9/7/1988 6.2 1.9 14 25 51 53 55 2/15/1989 63 60 4/19/1989 60 60 4/25/1989 90 80 62 69 6/22/1989 8.5 2.6 11 28 46 54 53 7/13/1989 8.2 2.5 11 24 47 53 53 8/11/1989 5.6 1.7 7 19 52 51 50 2/9/1990 30 54 4/11/1990 3.3 1 77 108 60 64 68 6/8/1990 5.9 1.8 10 34 52 55 52 7/18/1990 4.3 1.3 21 34 56 55 58 8/16/1990 5.2 1.6 13 30 53 54 54

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission A-1 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Table A1: White Clay Lake Water Quality Report - 1950 to 2017 (Continued) County Waterbody Reg. GeoReg. County Code Station ID Lake Type Name ID(WBIC) Code Code Shawano 59 326400 593121 SPRING NE SE Hit SD CHK TP SD Staff Start Date SD (Ft) TP TSI CHLTSI Lake Level Appearance Color Preference Bottom (M) (ug/l) (ug/l) TSI Gauge 2/12/1991 26 53 4/22/1991 6/27/1991 5.9 1.8 9 29 52 54 51 7/11/1991 8.2 2.5 6 19 47 51 48 8/19/1991 9.2 2.8 9 18 45 51 51 2/6/1992 61 60 6/10/1992 12.5 3.8 6 33 41 55 48 7/21/1992 3 0.9 54.3 44 62 57 65 8/25/1992 38 56 8/27/1992 4.6 1.4 30.6 35 55 56 61 10/29/1992 8.5 2.6 27.6 42 46 57 60 2/15/1993 1.01 31 55 35 6/16/1993 7 2.13 7.03 49 50 7/8/1993 5.5 1.68 41 41 53 57 63 8/10/1993 2.8 0.84 49.3 50 63 58 64 2/15/1994 34 55 6/28/1994 8.5 2.6 12.3 34 46 55 54 7/12/1994 4.9 1.5 39 47 54 58 62 8/4/1994 6 1.83 23.8 29 51 54 59 2/7/1995 92 63 4/11/1995 3.5 1.07 72.5 132 59 66 67 6/26/1995 5.7 1.75 3.67 26 52 53 45 7/20/1995 3.9 1.2 0.38 33 57 55 27 7/21/1995 8/7/1995 2.5 0.76 3.2 28 64 54 44 2/7/1996 80 62 5/15/1996 24.6 7.5 17.5 69 31 61 56 6/19/1996 4.9 1.5 18.5 72 54 61 57 7/9/1996 5.2 1.6 26.3 50 53 58 60

A-2 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Table A1: White Clay Lake Water Quality Report - 1950 to 2017 (Continued) County Waterbody Reg. GeoReg. County Code Station ID Lake Type Name ID(WBIC) Code Code Shawano 59 326400 593121 SPRING NE SE Hit SD CHK TP SD Staff Start Date SD (Ft) TP TSI CHLTSI Lake Level Appearance Color Preference Bottom (M) (ug/l) (ug/l) TSI Gauge 8/14/1996 2.5 0.76 31.6 39 64 57 61 2/25/1997 60 60 4/29/1997 43.9 72 61 63 7/21/1997 53.4 52 59 65 8/12/1997 3.5 1.1 26 33 59 55 59 4/21/1998 7.75 2.4 21.4 46 48 58 58 6/16/1998 10.5 3.2 12.8 28 43 54 54 7/27/1998 4 1.2 14.1 31 57 55 55 8/8/2000 4.6 1.4 11 28 55 54 53 8/13/2002 4.9 NO 1.5 7.94 37 54 56 50 8/14/2002 1.6 NO 0.5 31.9 70 70 61 61 6/28/2004 5.75 NO 1.7 52 HIGH MURKY BROWN 7/10/2004 2 NO 0.6 67 HIGH MURKY BROWN 7/19/2004 2 NO 0.6 67 HIGH MURKY BROWN 7/30/2004 7 NO 2.1 49 HIGH CLEAR BLUE 8/6/2004 7.5 NO 2.3 48 NORMAL CLEAR BLUE 8/14/2004 8 NO 2.4 47 NORMAL CLEAR BLUE 8/31/2004 9 NO 2.7 45 NORMAL CLEAR BROWN 9/9/2004 7.5 NO 2.3 48 NORMAL MURKY BROWN 9/18/2004 6 NO 1.8 51 NORMAL MURKY BROWN 9/30/2004 6 NO 1.8 51 NORMAL MURKY BROWN 10/8/2004 6 NO 1.8 51 LOW MURKY BROWN 6/10/2005 11.25 NO 3.4 42 NORMAL CLEAR GREEN 6/20/2005 3.5 NO 1.1 59 NORMAL MURKY GREEN 7/7/2005 3 NO 0.9 61 LOW MURKY GREEN 7/14/2005 1.6 NO 0.5 82.6 64 70 60 68 MURKY GREEN 7/19/2005 2.5 NO 0.8 64 LOW MURKY GREEN 8/6/2005 1.5 NO 0.5 71 LOW MURKY GREEN 8/11/2005 1.3 NO 0.4 120 58 52 60 71 MURKY GREEN

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission A-3 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Table A1: White Clay Lake Water Quality Report - 1950 to 2017 (Continued)

County Waterbody Reg. GeoReg. County Code Station ID Lake Type Name ID(WBIC) Code Code Shawano 59 326400 593121 SPRING NE SE SD Hit SD CHK TP SD TP Start Date CHLTSI Lake Level Staff Gauge Appearance Color Preference (Ft) Bottom (M) (ug/l) (ug/l) TSI TSI 8/12/2005 1 NO 0.3 77 LOW MURKY GREEN 8/27/2005 8.5 NO 2.6 46 LOW MURKY GREEN 8/31/2005 3 NO 0.9 61 LOW MURKY GREEN 9/1/2005 3 NO 0.9 31.6 50 62 58 61 MURKY GREEN 9/15/2005 3.5 NO 1.1 59 LOW MURKY GREEN 9/23/2005 3.5 NO 1.1 59 LOW MURKY GREEN 9/27/2005 4.25 NO 1.3 56 LOW MURKY GREEN 7/27/2006 4.9 NO 1.5 12.6 27 54 54 54 MURKY GREEN 8/18/2006 3.6 NO 1.1 21.6 30 59 54 58 MURKY GREEN 9/13/2006 5.6 NO 1.7 14.3 44 52 57 55 MURKY GREEN 9/21/2006 3 NO 0.9 61 NORMAL MURKY BROWN 4/22/2007 5 NO 1.5 54 NORMAL CLEAR BROWN 4/24/2007 5.5 NO 1.7 53 6/2/2007 4.5 NO 1.4 55 LOW MURKY 6/17/2007 3 NO 0.9 61 LOW MURKY GREEN 6/24/2007 4 NO 1.2 57 LOW MURKY GREEN 7/15/2007 7 NO 2.1 49 NORMAL CLEAR GREEN 7/21/2007 5.25 NO 1.6 53 LOW MURKY GREEN 8/6/2007 5 NO 1.5 54 LOW MURKY GREEN 8/15/2007 4.5 NO 1.4 55 8/31/2007 5.25 NO 1.6 53 LOW MURKY BROWN 9/16/2007 6 NO 1.8 51 LOW CLEAR GREEN 9/29/2007 8 NO 2.4 47 LOW MURKY GREEN 4/22/2008 4/22/2008 3 NO 0.9 113 62 65 5/30/2008 9 NO 2.7 45 LOW CLEAR BLUE 6/14/2008 3 NO 0.9 61 HIGH MURKY BROWN 7/16/2008 9 2.7 1.62 45 38

A-4 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Table A1: White Clay Lake Water Quality Report - 1950 to 2017 (Continued)

County Waterbody County Code Station ID Lake Type Reg. Code GeoReg. Code Name ID(WBIC) Shawano 59 326400 593121 SPRING NE SE SD Hit SD CHK TP SD TP Lake Staff Start Date CHLTSI Appearance Color Preference (Ft) Bottom (M) (ug/l) (ug/l) TSI TSI Level Gauge 8/6/2008 7.5 2.3 0.3 48 26 9/11/2008 5 NO 1.5 54 LOW CLEAR BLUE 9/17/2008 7.5 2.3 15.5 48 56 4/28/2009 7.5 NO 2.3 48 6/4/2009 8 NO 2.4 47 LOW MURKY BROWN 7/20/2009 11.5 NO 3.5 42 LOW CLEAR BLUE 7/28/2009 6 1.8 15.4 50 55 8/5/2009 8 NO 2.4 47 LOW MURKY BROWN 8/18/2009 7.5 NO 2.3 14.6 48 55 9/16/2009 3.5 NO 1.1 27.2 59 60 9/21/2009 6 NO 1.8 51 LOW MURKY BROWN 5/28/2010 5 NO 1.5 54 LOW MURKY GREEN 6/30/2010 10 NO 3 44 CLEAR BLUE 7/15/2010 7 NO 2.1 49 HIGH MURKY BROWN 7/27/2010 22.2 42 57 58 7/27/2010 3.9 NO 1.2 57 MURKY YELLOW 8/17/2010 4.75 NO 1.4 23.6 32 55 55 59 MURKY YELLOW 9/14/2010 27.3 46 58 60 9/14/2010 4 NO 1.2 57 MURKY YELLOW 5/4/2011 4.75 NO 1.4 73 55 61 MURKY YELLOW could not be nicer 7/26/2011 5 NO 1.5 12.4 36 54 56 54 MURKY YELLOW could not be nicer 8/12/2011 5 NO 1.5 9.82 34 54 55 52 MURKY YELLOW could not be nicer 9/6/2011 3 NO 0.9 18.1 38 61 56 57 MURKY YELLOW 3/27/2012 5.5 NO 1.7 41 53 57 MURKY BROWN 7/27/2012 8.79 23 52 51 8/17/2012 15.3 28 54 55 MURKY GREEN 9/13/2012 5 1.5 54 MURKY GREEN 9/13/2012 5 NO 1.5 19.3 43 54 57 57

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission A-5 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Table A1: White Clay Lake Water Quality Report - 1950 to 2017 (Continued)

County GeoReg. County Code Waterbody ID(WBIC) Station ID Lake Type Reg. Code Name Code Shawano 59 326400 593121 SPRING NE SE TP Staff Start SD Hit SD CHK CHLTS Lake Appearanc TP (ug/l) SD TSI TS Gaug Color Preference Date (Ft) Bottom (M) (ug/l) I Level e I e 5/6/2013 5/7/2013 59.7 60 5/9/2013 NORMA 5/25/2013 6 NO 1.8 51 L CLEAR 7/18/2013 94.8 63 7/19/2013 8 NO 2.4 47 MURKY BROWN 8/6/2013 6 N 1.8 9.26 25.2 51 53 52 MURKY GREEN 9/3/2013 4 NO 1.2 57 MURKY BROWN 9/13/2013 4 N 1.2 10.2 31.1 57 55 52 5/7/2014 4.5 NO 1.4 59 55 60 7/17/2014 7 2.1 49 7/17/2014 9 N 2.7 14.6 36.1 45 56 55 could not 8/22/2014 6 NO 1.8 51 MURKY BROWN be nicer

8/22/2014 6 N 1.8 19.3 30.7 51 55 57 9/16/2014 6 NO 1.8 40.2 87.9 51 63 63 16. 5/14/2015 5 N 5 44.7 37 58 7/17/2015 7 N 2.1 15.6 29.7 49 54 56 8/21/2015 4.5 N 1.4 21.2 30.1 55 55 58 9/18/2015 7 NO 2.1 20.6 35.8 49 56 58 could not 4/8/2016 3 NO 0.9 73.8 61 61 MURKY GREEN be nicer 7/15/2016 4.5 N 1.4 15.8 35.3 48 56 56 MURKY BROWN 8/24/2016 6 NO 1.8 51 MURKY BROWN YELLO 9/15/2016 6 N 1.8 9.68 42.9 51 57 52 MURKY W Source: http://dnr.wi.gov/lakes/waterquality/Station.aspx?id=593121

A-6 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Table A2: White Clay Lake Water Quality Report - 1950 to 2017 Annual Average TSI County Name County Code Waterbody ID(WBIC) Station ID Shawano 59 326400 593121 Start Date SD (Ft) Hit Bottom SD (M) CHL (ug/l) TP (ug/l) SD TSI TP TSI CHL TSI 1973 190 69 1974 76 59 1975 57 61.5 1982 10.5 30 54 52.5 1988 6.2 No 1.9 14 25 51 53 55 1989 7.4 No 2.3 29.8 45.7 48.3 56.7 56.3 1990 4.7 No 1.4 30.3 47.2 55.3 56.4 58.0 1991 7.8 No 2.4 8.0 23.0 48.0 52.3 50.0 1992 7.2 No 2.2 29.6 42.2 51.0 56.8 58.5 1993 5.1 No 1.6 24.6 40.7 55.0 56.7 53.0 1994 6.5 No 2.0 25.0 36.0 50.3 55.5 58.3 1995 3.9 No 1.2 19.9 62.2 58.0 58.2 45.8 1996 9.3 No 2.8 23.5 62.0 50.5 59.8 58.5 1997 3.5 No 1.1 41.1 54.3 59.0 58.8 62.3 1998 7.1 No 2.2 14.1 33.0 49.8 55.3 54.5 1999 5.8 No 1.8 16.3 72.3 52.0 59.7 56.0 2000 4.6 No 1.4 11 28 55 54 53 2002 3.3 No 1.0 19.9 53.5 62.0 58.5 55.5 2004 6.1 No 1.8 52.4 2005 3.7 No 1.1 78.1 57.3 59.6 59.3 66.7 2006 4.9 No 1.5 16.2 33.7 54.8 55.0 55.7 2007 5.3 No 1.6 53.5 2008 6.3 No 1.9 5.8 113.0 51.9 65.0 40.0 2009 7.3 No 2.2 19.1 49.0 56.7 2010 5.8 No 1.7 24.4 40.0 52.7 56.7 59.0 2011 4.4 No 1.3 13.4 45.3 56.0 57.0 54.3 2012 5.2 No 1.6 14.5 33.8 53.7 55.0 54.3 2013 5.6 No 1.7 9.7 52.7 52.6 57.8 52.0 2014 6.4 No 1.9 24.7 53.4 50.3 58.5 58.3 2015 8.8 No 2.7 19.1 35.1 47.5 55.8 57.3 2016 4.9 No 1.5 12.7 50.7 52.8 58.0 54.0

Source: http://dnr.wi.gov/lakes/waterquality/Station.aspx?id=593121

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission A-7 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Page intentionally left blank.

A-8 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission

APPENDIX B 2017 PI Survey Summary Results

Table B1: White Clay Lake PI Survey Summary Stats Results

leaf

stem stem - grass -

- kweed

,Water

leaf leaf - ,Flat ,Coontail

,Clasping ,White ,Eurasian water ,Curly

,Sago pondweed ,Water star ,Frie's pondweed ,White lily water ,Large Duc ,Common ,Spatterdock ,Softstem bulrush

demersum ,Spiny naiad ,Small duckweed ,Bushy pondweed

,Muskgrasses

STATS vegetationTotal Myriophyllum spicatum milfoil Potamogeton crispus pondweed Ceratophyllum Chara Heteranthera dubia Lemna minor flexilis Najas Najas marina Nuphar variegata Nymphaea odorata Potamogeton friesii Potamogeton praelongis pondweed Potamogeton richardsonii pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis pondweed Schoenoplectus subterminalis bulrush Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Spirodela polyrhiza Stuckenia pectinata Utricularia vulgaris INDIVIDUAL SPECIES STATS: Frequency of occurrence within vegetated areas (%) 3.8 5.714 175 33 0.95 6.667 4.762 2.857 0.952 3.81 2.857 0.952 0.952 17.14 0 8.571 0.952 25.71 0.952 Frequency of occurrence at sites shallower than maximum depth of plants 3.0 4.511 138 26 0.75 5.263 3.759 2.256 0.752 3.008 2.256 0.752 0.752 13.53 0 6.767 0.752 20.3 0.752 Relative Frequency (%) 1.3 1.9 59.2 11.3 0.3 2.3 1.6 1.0 0.3 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.3 5.8 0.0 2.9 0.3 8.7 0.3 Relative Frequency (squared) 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Number of sites where species found 4 6 184 35 1 7 5 3 1 4 3 1 1 18 0 9 1 27 1 # visuals 1 4 2 3 5 8 1 1 2 19 6 1 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P present (visual or collected) Average Rake Fullness (EWM, CLP only) 1.50 1.33

SUMMARY STATS: Total number of points sampled 347 Total number of sites with vegetation 105 Total number of sites shallower than maximum depth of plants 133 Frequency of occurrence at sites shallower than maximum depth of plants 78.95 Simpson Diversity Index 0.62 Maximum depth of plants (ft) 11.50 Number of sites sampled using rake on Rope (R) 5 Number of sites sampled using rake on Pole (P) 142 Average number of species per site 1.42 Average number of native species per site 1.35 Species Richness 18 Species Richness (including visuals) 24

MAX DEPTH VERIFIED 9.00 Source: WDNR, ECWRPC 2017

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission B-1

Table B2: 2017 PI Survey FQI

Species Common Name C species present=1 Acorus americanus Sweet-flag 7 0 0 Alisma triviale Northern water-plantain 4 0 0 Bidens beckii Water marigold 8 0 0 Bolboschoenus fluviatilis River bulrush 6 0 0 Brasenia schreberi Watershield 6 0 0 Calla palustris Wild calla 9 0 0 Callitriche hermaphroditica Autumnal water-starwort 9 0 0 Callitriche heterophylla Large water-starwort 9 0 0 Callitriche palustris Common water-starwort 8 0 0 Carex comosa Bottle brush sedge 5 0 0 Catabrosa aquatica Brook grass 10 0 0 Ceratophyllum demersum Coontail 3 1 3 Ceratophyllum echinatum Spiny hornwort 10 0 0 Chara Muskgrasses 7 1 7 Dulichium arundinaceum Three-way sedge 9 0 0 Elatine minima Waterwort 9 0 0 Elatine triandra Greater waterwort 9 0 0 Eleocharis acicularis Needle spikerush 5 0 0 Eleocharis erythropoda Bald spikerush 3 0 0 Eleocharis palustris Creeping spikerush 6 0 0 Elodea canadensis Common waterweed 3 0 0 Elodea nuttallii Slender waterweed 7 0 0 Equisetum fluviatile Water horsetail 7 0 0 Eriocaulon aquaticum Pipewort 9 0 0 Glyceria borealis Northern manna grass 8 0 0 Gratiola aurea Golden hedge-hyssop 10 0 0 Heteranthera dubia Water star-grass 6 1 6 Isoetes echinospora Spiny-spored quillwort 8 0 0 Isoetes lacustris Lake quillwort 8 0 0 Isoetes sp. Quillwort 8 0 0 Juncus pelocarpus f. submersus Brown-fruited rush 8 0 0 Juncus torreyi Torrey's rush 4 0 0 Lemna minor Small duckweed 4 1 4 Lemna perpusilla Least duckweed 10 0 0 Lemna trisulca Forked duckweed 6 0 0 Littorella uniflora Littorella 10 0 0 Lobelia dortmanna Water lobelia 10 0 0 Ludwigia palustris Marsh purslane 4 0 0 Alternate-flowered water- Myriophyllum alterniflorum milfoil 10 0 0 Myriophyllum farwellii Farwell's water-milfoil 8 0 0 Myriophyllum heterophyllum Various-leaved water-milfoil 7 0 0 Myriophyllum sibiricum Northern water-milfoil 6 0 0 Myriophyllum tenellum Dwarf water-milfoil 10 0 0 Myriophyllum verticillatum Whorled water-milfoil 8 0 0 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission B-3

Table B2: 2017 PI Survey FQI (Continued)

Species Common Name C species present=1

Najas flexilis Slender naiad 6 1 6 Najas gracillima Northern naiad 7 0 0 Najas guadalupensis Southern naiad 8 0 0 Nelumbo lutea American lotus 7 0 0 Nitella Nitella 7 0 0 Nuphar advena Yellow pond lily 8 0 0 Nuphar microphylla Small pond lily 9 0 0 Nuphar X rubrodisca Intermediate pond lily 9 0 0 Nuphar variegata Spatterdock 6 1 6 Nymphaea odorata White water lily 6 1 6 Phragmites australis Common reed 1 0 0 Polygonum amphibium Water smartweed 5 0 0 Polygonum punctatum Dotted smartweed 5 0 0 Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed 8 0 0 Potamogeton alpinus Alpine pondweed 9 0 0 Potamogeton amplifolius Large-leaf pondweed 7 0 0 Potamogeton bicupulatus Snail-seed pondwwed 9 0 0 Potamogeton confervoides Algal-leaved pondweed 10 0 0 Potamogeton diversifolius Water-thread pondweed 8 0 0 Potamogeton epihydrus Ribbon-leaf pondweed 8 0 0 Potamogeton foliosus Leafy pondweed 6 0 0 Potamogeton friesii Fries' pondweed 8 1 8 Potamogeton gramineus Variable pondweed 7 0 0 Potamogeton hillii Hill's pondweed 9 0 0 Potamogeton illinoensis Illinois pondweed 6 0 0 Potamogeton natans Floating-leaf pondweed 5 0 0 Potamogeton nodosus Long-leaf pondweed 7 0 0 Potamogeton oakesianus Oakes' pondweed 10 0 0 Potamogeton obtusifolius Blunt-leaf pondweed 9 0 0 Potamogeton praelongus White-stem pondweed 8 1 8 Potamogeton pulcher Spotted pondweed 10 0 0 Potamogeton pusillus Small pondweed 7 0 0 Potamogeton richardsonii Clasping-leaf pondweed 5 1 5 Potamogeton robbinsii Fern pondweed 8 0 0 Potamogeton spirillus Spiral-fruited pondweed 8 0 0 Potamogeton strictifolius Stiff pondweed 8 0 0 Potamogeton vaseyi Vasey's pondweed 10 0 0 Potamogeton zosteriformis Flat-stem pondweed 6 1 6 Ranunculus aquatilis White water crowfoot 8 0 0 Ranunculus flabellaris Yellow water crowfoot 8 0 0 Ranunculus flammula Creeping spearwort 9 0 0 Riccia fluitans Slender riccia 7 0 0 Ruppia cirrhosa Ditch grass 8 0 0 Sagittaria brevirostra Midwestern arrowhead 9 0 0 Sagittaria cuneata Arum-leaved arrowhead 7 0 0 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission B-5

Table B2: 2017 PI Survey FQI (Continued) Common Name C species Common present=1 Name Sagittaria graminea Grass-leaved arrowhead 9 0 0 Sagittaria latifolia Common arrowhead 3 0 0 Sagittaria rigida Sessile-fruited arrowhead 8 0 0 Schoenoplectus acutus Hardstem bulrush 6 0 0 Schoenoplectus heterochaetus Slender bulrush 10 0 0 Schoenoplectus pungens Three-square bulrush 5 0 0 Schoenoplectus subterminalis Water bulrush 9 0 0 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Softstem bulrush 4 1 4 Sparganium americanum American bur-reed 8 0 0 Sparganium androcladum Branched bur-reed 8 0 0 Sparganium angustifolium Narrow-leaved bur-reed 9 0 0 Sparganium emersum Short-stemmed bur-reed 8 0 0 Sparganium eurycarpum Common bur-reed 5 0 0 Sparganium fluctuans Floating-leaf bur-reed 10 0 0 Sparganium natans Small bur-reed 9 0 0 Spirodela polyrhiza Large duckweed 5 1 5 Stuckenia filiformis Fine-leaved pondweed 8 0 0 Stuckenia pectinata Sago pondweed 3 1 3 Stuckenia vaginata Sheathed pondweed 9 0 0 Typha angustifolium Narrow-leaved cattail 1 0 0 Typha latifolia Broad-leaved cattail 1 0 0 Typha sp. Cattail 1 0 0 Utricularia cornuta Horned bladderwort 10 0 0 Utricularia geminiscapa Twin-stemmed bladderwort 9 0 0 Utricularia gibba Creeping bladderwort 9 0 0 Utricularia intermedia Flat-leaf bladderwort 9 0 0 Utricularia minor Small bladderwort 10 0 0 Utricularia purpurea Large purple bladderwort 9 0 0 Utricularia resupinata Small purple bladderwort 9 0 0 Utricularia vulgaris Common bladderwort 7 1 7 Vallisneria americana Wild celery 6 0 0 Wolffia borealis Northern watermeal 6 0 0 Wolffia columbiana Common watermeal 5 0 0 Zannichellia palustris Horned pondweed 7 0 0 Zizania aquatica Southern wild rice 8 0 0 Zizania palustris Northern wild rice 8 0 0 Zizania sp. Wild rice 8 0 0 N 15 mean C 5.6 FQI 21.68870674 CITATION: Nichols, SA. 1999. Floristic Quality Assessment of Wisconsin Lake Plant Communities with Example Applications. Journal of Lake and Reservoir Management, 15(2):133-141. CITATION: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2001. Wisconsin Floristic Quality Assessment (WFQA). Retrived October 27, 2009 from: http://www.botany.wisc.edu/WFQA.asp

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission B-7

Table B3: White Clay Lake PI Survey Summary Stats Results Percent Relative Frequency of Occurrence Survey Years Summary Stats 2017 2005 Total number of points sampled 347 120 Total number of sites with vegetation 105 77 Total number of sites shallower than maximum depth of plants 133 95.00 Frequency of occurrence at sites shallower than maximum depth of plants 78.9 81.05 Simpson Diversity Index 0.62 0.75 Maximum depth of plants (ft) 11.5 9 Number of sites sampled using rake on Rope (R) 5 4 Number of sites sampled using rake on Pole (P) 142 107.00 Average number of species per site 1.42 1.59 Average number of native species per site 1.35 2 Species Richness 18 15 Species Richness (including visuals) 24 15

Table B4: White Clay Lake PI Survey Summary Results Percent Relative Frequency of Occurrence (By Species) Species Common Name 2005 2017 Myriophyllum spicatum,Eurasian water milfoil Eurasian water milfoil 1.3 Potamogeton crispus,Curly-leaf pondweed Curly-leaf pondweed 1.9 Ceratophyllum demersum,Coontail Coontail 43 59.2 Chara ,Muskgrasses Muskgrasses 19.9 11.3 Elodea canadensis,Common waterweed Common waterweed 0.7 Heteranthera dubia,Water star-grass Water star-grass 0.3 Lemna minor,Small duckweed Small duckweed 2.3 Myriophyllum sibericum,Northern water milfoil Northern water milfoil 0.7 Najas flexilis,Bushy pondweed Bushy pondweed 0.7 1.6 Najas marina,Spiny naiad Spiny naiad 1 Nuphar variegata,Spatterdock Spatterdock 0.7 0.3 Nymphaea odorata,White water lily White water lily 5.3 1.3 Potamogeton friesii,Frie's pondweed Frie's pondweed 1 Potamogeton illinoensis,Illinois pondweed Illinois pondweed 0.7 Potamogeton praelongis,White-stem pondweed White-stem pondweed 0.3 Potamogeton richardsonii,Clasping-leaf pondweed Clasping-leaf pondweed 0.7 0.3 Potamogeton zosteriformis,Flat-stem pondweed Flat-stem pondweed 5.8 Schoenoplectus acutus,Hardstem bulrush Hardstem bulrush 1.3 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani,Softstem bulrush Softstem bulrush 9.9 2.9 Spirodela polyrhiza,Large Duckweed Large Duckweed 0.3 Stuckenia pectinata,Sago pondweed Sago pondweed 11.9 8.7 Typha latifolia,Broad-leaved cattail Broad-leaved cattail 2.6 Utricularia gibba,Creeping bladderwort Creeping bladderwort 0.7 Utricularia vulgaris,Common Common 0.3 Schoenoplectus sp., Bulrush Bulrush 1.3

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission B-9

APPENDIX C ECWRPC 2017 Shoreland & Shallow Habitat Monitoring

Table C1: Lake Shoreland & Shallow Habitat Monitoring Date 7/24/2017 Lake White Clay Lake

Observers Todd Verboomen, ECWRPC & Rachael Valeria, Volunteer

Notes raft_n Ag_pc trail_p piers_n slope_p Herb_p Boats_n beach_L Shrub_p Lawn_pc riprap_L Other_pc firepits_n marina_n Parcel_ID less_1ft_L Floating_p boat_lift_n sea_wall_L Canopy_pc bare_soil_p Buildings_n boathouse_n Emergents_p greater_1ft_L exposed_till_p Impervious_pc point_source_p runoff_other_p sand_deposit_p Shrub_Herb_pc exposed_herb_p exposed_mow_p Plant_removal_p exposed_shrub_p erosion_control_L runoff_description exposed_canopy_p channelized_flow_p Shoreline_length_feet structures_littoral_other_n structures_riparian_other_n human_riparian_description structures_littoral_description

044262200000 682 5 1 90 5 5 2 1 1 15 6 1 1 Lodge site 10 100% 044271100000 2098 0 1 1 1 0 cattails 10 100% 044221100000 1285 0 1 1 1 0 cattails 10 100% 044231300000 4735 0 1 1 1 0 cattails 10 100% 044232100000 637 0 1 1 1 0 cattails 10 100% 044232200000 2327 0 1 1 1 1 0 cattails 100% cattails Note Tree line just outside 10 the 35' 044233100000 1039 1 1 1 1 0 buffer area. May be a locating for restoration Public 044233300000 787 0 1 95 5 1 1 1 1 landing 10 100% 044233400000 1019 0 1 1 1 0 cattails 10 100% 044234200000 999 1 1 1 1 0 cattails 10 100% 044224300000 1857 0 1 1 1 0 cattails 10 100% 044224200000 1605 0 1 1 1 0 cattails

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission C-1

APPENDIX D White Clay Lake Fisheries Data

Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Table D1: White Clay Lake WDNR Fisheries Summary Black Crappie Blue Gill FYKE Netting Electro Fishing FYKE Netting Electro Fishing Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Total # Total # Total # Total # YR. Size Size Size Size 1978 296 8.07 146 6.84 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 612 8.85 11.33 6 599 6.36 6.25 6 1994 184 6.78 384 7.42 2000 2009 354 7.87 7.67 73 158 6.59 5.48 61 2016 274 9.24 7.93 14 553 7.51 5.76 58 Average Size 8.5 Average Size 6.5 Pumpkinseed Walleye FYKE Netting Electro Fishing FYKE Netting Electro Fishing Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Total # Total # Total # Total # YR. Size Size Size Size 1978 11 4.8 150 20.62 18.83 13 1979 20.25 2 1980 20.75 4 1981 149 21.55 22.35 5 1982 10.52 11 1983 91 5.17 5.46 7 175 21.74 23.25 5 1994 7 5.61 234 20.46 2000 4 5 111 22.29 2009 7 6.18 5.75 1 140 21.91 14.42 26 2016 23 6.71 6.46 42 90 21.23 20.25 24 Average Size 5.7 Average Size 20.0

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission D-1 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Table D1: White Clay Lake WDNR Fisheries Summary (Continued)

Yellow Perch Rock Bass FYKE Netting Electro Fishing FYKE Netting Electro Fishing Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Total # Total # Total # Total # YR. Size Size Size Size 1978 65 7.17 10 8.3 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 644 6.52 62 7.35 8.15 5 1994 282 6.8 1 9.75 2000 112 6.8 2009 78 6.6 4.68 30 2016 23 7.21 6.59 53 Average Size 6.5 Average Size 8.4 Lg. Mouth Bass Northern Pike FYKE Netting Electro Fishing FYKE Netting Electro Fishing Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Total # Total # Total # Total # YR. Size Size Size Size 1978 19 15.17 10.38 8 105 20.29 16.75 3 1979 13.25 4 18.88 4 1980 16.5 2 23.25 3 1981 14.94 8 19.75 2 1982 10.52 11 21.63 8 1983 102 20.5 11.33 6 688 18.77 31.25 1 1994 87 14.83 837 18.19 2000 28 15.02 697 20.03 2009 200 15.66 14.57 50 478 21.37 23.51 33 2016 10 15.95 16.27 66 547 22.56 23.45 32 Average Size 14.6 Average Size 21.4

D-2 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planing Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

WDNR Fisheries and Water Regs Resource Staff Comments

From: Nordin, Brenda L - DNR [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Monday, November 27, 2017 10:06 AM To: Todd Verboomen Subject: White Clay Lake comments

As part of the grant process, I reach out to the other resource professionals for their comments, about halfway through the project. In this instance, I asked Fisheries and Water Regs for their comments as they have worked quite extensively on White Clay. Their comments are attached.

They recommended that the focus be on the watershed instead of in lake activities (except for fish sticks). I’d have to agree with them as I know there is s history on White Clay of runoff and this still appears to be the case, as you’ll be able to decipher from their comments.

Regarding the cattail issue, perhaps there could be a couple of test plots to see if some bulrush, pickerelweed, or arrowhead would take hold. These plants can be purchased at local nurseries and do not need a permit to plant. They obviously won’t out compete the cattails, but it would be a variety in habitat at the very least.

Let me know if you have any questions!

Thanks Todd

We are committed to service excellence.

Visit our survey at http://dnr.wi.gov/customersurvey to evaluate how I did.

Brenda Nordin Lake Biologist – WatershedBureau/Water Resources Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 647 Lakeland Road Shawano, WI 54166 Phone: 920-360-3167 [email protected]

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission D-3 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

White Clay Lake Fishery

1) What are the desired fish populations? 2) What are the desired fish size expectations? 3) What BMPs or strategies will help meet the desired expectations? 4) What resources are available to implement the BMPs?

Implementation strategies

1) Improve water quality/clarity that supports a more diverse aquatic vegetation community. a. Consult with the Aquatic Plan Management WDNR Staff to develop management strategies that will diversify the aquatic plan population.

b. Control sediment and phosphorus loading within the watershed i. Stream buffers ii. Cover crop/ Not till iii. Manure management iv. Etc. c. Control resuspension of sediment and legacy phosphorus i. Wind fetch controls ii. Prevent continued cattail complexes from breaking off.

2) Improve fish habitat

a. East shoreline rehabilitation i. Harden shoreline and restore shore line with a diverse plant community.

b. Focus areas where fish sticks could be implemented. i. East and northeast shorelines

c. Artificial structures i. Provide protection and spawning areas with installing: 1. fish cribs 2. Artificial reefs 3. other (to be determined)

D-4 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planing Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

3) Protect spawning areas a. Follow up with a bottom material survey (northeast end of lake) to determine sediment types. Note: during the shoreline inventory, early and late AIS monitoring, and PI Survey there seems like there are few places in the lake with sand or pebbled bottom materials that are likely crucial to certain fish species reproduction.

i. Rehabilitate spawning areas by protecting littoral zone and introduction of sand and pebbles.

ii. Protect from sedimentation by using break walls.

iii. Protect areas with carp control structures.

iv. Protect against cattail advancement.

4) Modify fish community a. Control slow growing pan fish population by eliminating large numbers.

b. Water clarity improvements will impact fish community by providing more available food.

c. Removal of carp to reduce re-suspension of sediments.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission D-5 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

White Clay Lake Fishery

5) What are the desired fish populations? 6) What are the desired fish size expectations? 7) What BMPs or strategies will help meet the desired expectations? 8) What resources are available to implement the BMPs? Implementation strategies

5) Improve water quality/clarity that supports a more diverse aquatic vegetation community. a. Consult with the Aquatic Plan Management WDNR Staff to develop management strategies that will diversify the aquatic plan population.

6) Improve fish habitat

a. East shoreline rehabilitation i. Harden shoreline and restore shore line with a diverse plant community.

b. Focus areas where fish sticks could be implemented. i. East and northeast shorelines

c. Artificial structures i. Provide protection and spawning areas with installing: 1. fish cribs 2. Artificial reefs 3. other (to be determined)

D-6 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planing Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

7) Protect spawning areas a. Follow up with a bottom material survey (northeast end of lake) to determine sediment types. Note: during the shoreline inventory, early and late AIS monitoring, and PI Survey there seems like there are few places in the lake with sand or pebbled bottom materials that are likely crucial to certain fish species reproduction.

i. Rehabilitate spawning areas by protecting littoral zone and introduction of sand and pebbles.

ii. Protect from sedimentation by using break walls.

iii. Protect areas with carp control structures.

iv. Protect against cattail advancement.

8) Modify fish community a. Control slow growing pan fish population by eliminating large numbers.

b. Water clarity improvements will impact fish community by providing more available food.

c. Removal of carp to reduce re-suspension of sediments.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission D-7 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Black Crappie FYKE Netting Avg. Size 12

6 Inches 5

0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1994 2000 2009 2016

Fyke Netting Electrofishing Average size Linear (Fyke Netting)

Average size for black Crappie is 8.5 inches. This may be due to over harvesting or lack of wood structure within the lake.

BMPs that may help

1) Special size/bag limits 2) Shoreline and in-lake restoration introducing woody material a. Creation of woody shoreline b. Fish sticks c. Fish cribs WDNR 10-Year Plan for Managing Wisconsin’s Panfish:

A) Amount of forage can influence growth rates and densities. B) Extreme high or low densities of macrophytes can slow growth rates. C) Restrictive regulations may not be the solution where growth rates are slow. D) Large Mouth bass and Walleye in high density can improve growth rates by reducing density.

D-8 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planing Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Blue Gill Avg. Size 8

4 Inches

0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1994 2000 2009 2016

Electro Avg. FYKE Avg.

Average size blue gill is 6.5 inches. This is likely due to over harvest.

BMPs that may help:

1) Special size/bag limits 2) Shoreline restorations that protect spawning beds 3) Shoreline and littoral zone restorations that create fine gravel beds for spawning 4) Improve fish cover (in-lake fish cribs) 5) Improve water quality 6) Lake Rehabilitation – Controlling the overabundant slow growing panfish population that overgrazes on zooplankton. Basically kill the fish pop. and start over.

WDNR 10-Year Plan for Managing Wisconsin’s Panfish:

A) Northeren pike are very good at controlling bluegill populations B) Excessive reproduction in systems with limited resources can lead to stunted populations and slow growth rates. C) Dense aquatic veg. can inhibit effective predation. D) Fish sticks may increase production. E) Sexual stunting – Important to retrain as many large parental males as possible.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission D-9 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

F) Overharvest is one of the larges drivers of mortality and size structure. **Restrictive harvest regulations can improve bluegill size structure.

Pumpkinseed Avg. Size 8

4 Inches

0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1994 2000 2009 2016

Electro Avg. FYKE Avg. Average Linear (FYKE Avg.)

Average pumpkinseed is 5.7 inches.

Management options are same as blue gill above.

D-10 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planing Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Yellow Perch Avg. Size 8

4 Inches

0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1994 2000 2009 2016

Electro Avg. FYKE Avg. Average Linear (FYKE Avg. )

The average perch is 6.5 inches. Management options are similar to the above bluegill options, however protecting spawning areas and improving aquatic vegetation and water quality may be slightly different.

WDNR 10-Year Plan for Managing Wisconsin’s Panfish:

A) Preferred prey of Walleye, largemouth bass, and northern pike. Which can either control or limit perch populations. B) Littoral woody material and aquatic plants are needed to protect from predators. C) Overly abundant perch populations = poor growth and size structure. D) Protection against predators is the preferred management technique. E) **Preservation or enhancement of complex shallow water habitat (woody debris or macrophytes) is important for maximizing survival of perch at various life stages.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission D-11 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Rock Bass Avg. Size 11

6 Inches 5

0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1994 2000 2009 2016 Electro Avg. FYKE Avg. Average Linear (FYKE Avg. )

The average rock bass is 8.4 inches.

D-12 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planing Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Walleye Avg. Size 26

Inches 12

0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1994 2000 2009 2016

Electro Avg. FYKE Avg. Average Linear (FYKE Avg.)

The average size walleye is 20 inches.

Improvements to water quality along with limiting sediment loading will help protect spawning areas.

1) Watershed BMPs that control phosphorus and sediment loading 2) Shoreline protection or rehabilitating protecting or enhancing spawning areas.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission D-13 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

LM Bass Avg. Size 22

Inches 10

0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1994 2000 2009 2016

Electro FYKE Avg. Average Linear (Electro ) Linear (FYKE Avg.) Linear (FYKE Avg.)

The average size largemouth bass is 14.6 inches.

D-14 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planing Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Northern Pike Avg. Size 35

Inches 15

0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1994 2000 2009 2016

Electro Avg. FYKE Avg. Average Linear (Electro Avg.) Linear (FYKE Avg.)

The Average northern pike is 21.4 inches.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission D-15 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

D-16 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planing Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission D-17 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

D-18 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planing Commission

APPENDIX E White Clay Lake Management Plan Survey

Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

White Clay Lake Management Plan Survey

The White Clay Lake Protective and Rehabilitation District (Herein after the District) has been working on improving the water quality and fisheries of White Clay Lake since 1975.

The District received a WDNR Surface Water Grant for lake management planning in 2017. The White Clay Lake Management Plan will be a comprehensive plan that will provide recommendations to improve water quality and preserve/enhance the environmental health of the lake and the surrounding watershed.

Your input is extremely valuable to this planing effort. Please take the time to complete this anonymous lake survey.

If you would like more information regarding the White Clay Lake Management Plan process or information about the District please email [email protected]

Thank you for you time.

1. Please enter your zip code.

2. How many years ago did you first visit White Clay Lake?

1st year

2-4 years

5-9 years

10 or more years

3. How many times per year do you use White Clay Lake?

<5 times

5 to 10 times

>10 times

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission E-1 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft 4. Do you purchase an annual or daily White Clay Lake Landing Pass?

Daily

Annual

I do not use the White Clay Lake Boat Landing.

5. Please rank the top three activities that are important reasons for recreating on White Clay Lake.

1st 2nd 3rd

Fishing - open water

Ice fishing

Relaxing/entertaining

Nature viewing

Hunting

Canoeing/kayaking

Swimming

Snowmobiling/ATV

None of these activities

Other (please specify)

6. Are you a property owner within the White Clay Lake watershed?

Yes

No (if no skip to Q8)

7. Would you be willing to implement land use best management practices to improve the water quality of White Clay Lake? (Example: installing vegetative buffer strips along waterways.)

Definitely no

Probably no

Unsure

Probably yes

Definitely yes

E-2 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan 8. How many years have you fished White Clay Lake?

Never (skip to Q12)

First year

2-4 years

5-9 years

10 or more years

9. What do you fish for? Please check all that apply.

Bluegill / sunfish

Perch

Crappie

Walleye

Bass

Northern Pike

Carp

Bullhead

All fish species

Other (please specify)

10. How would you describe the current fishing quality on White Clay Lake?

Very poor

Poor

Fair

Good

Excellent

Unsure

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission E-3 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft 11. How has the fishing quality on White Clay Lake changed since you have started fishing the lake?

Much worse

Somewhat worse

Stayed about the same

Somewhat better

Much better

12. There are several best management practices that can improve a lake's fishery. What practices would you like to see implemented to improve the White Clay Lake fishery?

Shoreline hardening (rip-rap to stop cattails from braking off)

Fish sticks (shoreline)

Fish cribs (in-lake)

Long-term bag and size limits

I do not support any best management practices.

Other (please specify)

13. How would you describe the current water quality of White Clay Lake?

Very poor

Poor

Fair

Good

Excellent

Unsure

14. How has the water quality of White Clay Lake changed since you have started visiting the lake?

Much worse

Somewhat worse

Stayed about the same

Somewhat better

Much better

Unsure

E-4 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan 15. From the list below, please rank your top three concerns regarding White Clay Lake.

First Concern Second Concern Third Concern

Water quality degradation

Loss of aquatic habitat

Shoreline development

Aquatic invasive species

Watercraft traffic/speed

Excessive fishing pressure

Excess aquatic plant growth (including algae)

Septic system discharge

Agriculture runoff

Other (please specify)

16. During the open water season how often does aquatic plant growth (including algae)negatively impact your enjoyment of White Clay Lake?

Never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Always

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission E-5 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft 17. Below is a list of possible impacts to Wisconsin lakes. To what level do you believe each of the following factors is currently negatively impacting White Clay Lake?

*Not present means that you believe the issue does not exist on White Clay Lake. **No impact means that the issue may exist on White Clay Lake, but it is not negatively impacting the lake.

Little negative Moderately Significant *Not present **No impact impact negative impact negative impact Unsure

Water Quality degradation

Loss of aquatic habitat

Shoreline development

Aquatic invasive species

Watercraft traffic/speed

Excessive fishing pressure

Excess aquatic plant growth (including algae)

Algae blooms

Septic system discharge

Agricultural runoff

Other (please specify)

18. Considering your answer to the question above, do you believe aquatic plant control is needed on White Clay Lake?

Definitely no

Probably no

Unsure

Probably yes

Definitely yes

E-6 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan 19. Aquatic plants can be managed using many techniques. What is your level of support for the responsible use of the following techniques on White Clay Lake? Please rank each management technique.

Somewhat Not supportive Neutral supportive Highly supportive Unsure

Herbicide (chemical) control

Dredging of bottom sediments

Hand-removal by divers

Manual removal by property owners

Biological control (milfoil weevil, loosestrife beetle, etc.)

Mechanical harvesting

Water level draw dawn

Integrated control using many methods

Do nothing ( do not manage aquatic plant)

20. Stakeholder education is an important component of every lake management planning effort. Which of these subjects would you like to learn more about? Please select all that apply.

Aquatic invasive species: impacts, means of transport, identification, control options, etc.

Volunteer lake monitoring opportunities (Citizens Lake Monitoring Network, Clean Boat Clean Waters, White Clay Lake District programs, etc.)

How to be a good lake steward (how your actions can play a role in water quality)

Enhancing in-lake habitat (not shoreland or adjacent wetlands) for aquatic species

Ecological benefits of shoreland restorations and preservation

Not interested in learning more on any of these subjects

Other (please specify)

21. Before this survey, have you heard of the White Clay Lake Protective and Rehabilitation District?

Yes

No (Skip to Q25)

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission E-7 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft 22. What is your membership status with the White Clay Lake Protective and Rehabilitation District?

Never been a member (go to Q25)

Former member

Current member

23. Please rank the District in keeping you informed/engaged with White Clay Lake issues and its management?

Not at all informed

Not too informed

Unsure

Fairly well informed

Highly informed

24. The effective management of White Clay Lake will require the cooperative efforts of numerous volunteers. Please circle the activities you would be willing to participate in if the District needs additional assistance. (Please check all that you are interested in.)

Watercraft inspections at the boat landing

Aquatic plant monitoring

Water quality monitoring

District Board of Commissioners

Writing newsletter articles

Attending the Wisconsin Lakes Convention

Bulk mailing assembly

I do not wish to volunteer

Other (please specify)

25. Please feel free to provide written comments concerning White Clay Lake, its current and/or historic conditions, and its management.

E-8 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission

APPENDIX F White Clay Lake Meeting Documentation

Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan

Insert plan meeting documents

Meeting sign in sheets

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission F-1 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

F-2 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan PUBLIC INFORMATIONAL MEETING TO DISCUSS THE WHITE CLAY LAKE PROTECTION AND REHABILITATION DISTRICT’S LAKE PLAN

The White Clay Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District (WCLPRD) will be holding a public informational meeting to discuss the District’s efforts in lake management planning. East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning staff will provide a lake planning overview starting at 7:00 p.m. October 16th at the Town of Washington Town Hall. Current lake data, maps and user surveys will also be available at the meeting.

For more information please contact Todd Verboomen, ECWRPC at [email protected] or at (920) 751-4770.

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission F-3 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft ADD Public meeting sign-in pdf

F-4 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan MEETING NOTICE

THE WHITE CLAY LAKE PROTCTION REHABITATION DISTRICT ANNUNAL MEETING

Sept. 13th. 2018 at the White Clay Lake Lodge starting at 7:00 p.m.

AGENDA

Call to order

Secretary’s reports

Treasurer’s report

Chairman’s report

OLD BUSINESS

Lake Plan -review, make changes

For a e-copy contact [email protected]

For a hard copy sent to you contact Dennis Muck Chairman

NEW BUSINESS

Set budget for 2019

Resolution to borrow money

Nitrates in well water

Election board of Commissioners

Set Oct. and Dec. Meeting dates

Any other business

Close meeting.

Open annual meeting Board of Commissioners

Elect Treasurer to three year term

Close annual meeting Board of Commissioners

Dennis Muck Chairman 715-745-2419

W2849 Deer Lane

Cecil, WI 54111

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission F-5 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft Posted

WCL boat landing

Town hall

Shawano County Court house

Shawano Leader

Minutes of June 13th. 2018 held at the White Clay Lake Lodge

Meeting was called to order at 7:15p.m. present were Simon, Frank, Verboomen, Brady Stockwell, Krause and Muck.

Secretary’s report was approved as sent.

Treasurer’s report was approved as given.

Chairman’s report was approved as given.

OLD BUSINESS

The Lake Plan was gone over with some changes made. The lake plan will be reviewed at the annual meeting with changes made and voted of by land owners present.

Chairman noted that the area was opened for farming in 1873. There are 5 farm that are still in the same family since 1873.

The town board meeting was reviewed by the Chairman

The County CIP meeting was also reviewed.

NEW BUSINESS

The agenda for the annual meeting was reviewed.

Date was set for annual meeting.

Brady Stockwell of the Fox-Wolf Watershed Alliance gave us a report on the FWWA and their Goals for the Alliance.

With no other business the meeting closed at 8:22 p.m.

Dennis Muck chairman

F-6 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Draft White Clay Lake Management Plan Add September draft plan public meeting sign –n

East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission F-7 White Clay Lake Management Plan Draft

Public notice for public informational meeting

Public notice for plan public informational and public hearing.

F-8 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission

EAST CENTRAL WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION

Martin Farrell, Chair Jeff Nooyen, Vice-Chair Eric Fowle, Secretary-Treasurer

COMMISSION MEMBERS

CALUMET COUNTY SHAWANO COUNTY

Alice Connors Jerry Erdmann, Chair Hope Karth Thomas Kautza Merlin Gentz Chuck Dallas Rick Jaeckels WAUPACA COUNTY FOND DU LAC COUNTY Dick Koeppen Martin Farrell James Nygaard Brenda Schneider Brian Smith Karyn Merkel DuWayne Federwitz (Joseph Moore, Alt.) Allen Buechel WAUSHARA COUNTY Charles Hornung Donna Kalata MENOMINEE COUNTY Larry Timm Neal Strehlow Ruth Winter Elizabeth Moses WINNEBAGO COUNTY (Jeremy Johnson, Alt.) James Lowey Mark Harris Shiloh Ramos OUTAGAMIE COUNTY (David Albrecht, Alt.) Ernie Bellin Thomas Nelson Steve Cummings Daniel Rettler Ken Robl Timothy Hanna Robert Schmeichel Jeff Nooyen Michael Thomas EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS Kevin Sturn Jill Michaelson Ronald McDonald