Curriculum Vitae for William Nielsen Brandt
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Beyond Einstein... Are We All Afraid of the Truth?
smw-genart-02-06 Beyond Einstein ... Are we all afraid of the Truth? Sanjay M Wagh Central India Research Institute, Post Box 606, Laxminagar, Nagpur 440 022, India ∗ (Dated: March 20, 2006) Abstract The power-point presentation [1] provided herein shows exactly why Einstein’s field equations of his general relativity are based on an illogical approach to representing the observable world. Einstein had, in fact, discarded these equations way back in 1928 when he had began his solitary search for a unified field theory. However, the rest of us learned, taught, and also put too much faith for too long (for more than seventy years) in an illogical approach to representing the observable world. Consequently, we have developed great reluctance, resulting from dogmatic perceptions, prestige, reputation, ..., that is holding us back from orienting ourselves in the “right” direction to the understanding of the observable phenomena. This raises the question mentioned in the title: Are we all afraid of the Truth? Rhetorically speaking, we could then also ask: are we all afraid of Virginia Woolf? In the sequel, I also illustrate my approach to going Beyond Einstein for developing an appropriate mathematical framework for the fundamental physical ideas behind the General Principle of Relativity, for the unification of fundamental arXiv:physics/0603149v1 [physics.gen-ph] 20 Mar 2006 physical interactions and, hence, for a theory of everything. ∗Electronic address: cirinag˙[email protected] 1 The title of this article may appear only as an eye-catching one to some, repelling one to some others, a thought provoking one to few others .. -
Nuclear Star Formation in NGC 6240
A&A 415, 103–116 (2004) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20034183 & c ESO 2004 Astrophysics Nuclear star formation in NGC 6240 A. Pasquali1,2,J.S.Gallagher3, and R. de Grijs4 1 ESO/ST-ECF, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei M¨unchen, Germany 2 Institute of Astronomy, ETH H¨onggerberg, 8093 Z¨urich, Switzerland 3 University of Wisconsin, Department of Astronomy, 475 N. Charter St., Madison WI 53706, USA e-mail: [email protected] 4 University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK e-mail: [email protected] Received 12 August 2003 / Accepted 6 November 2003 Abstract. We have made use of archival HST BVIJH photometry to constrain the nature of the three discrete sources, A1, A2 and B1, identified in the double nucleus of NGC 6240. STARBURST99 models have been fitted to the observed colours, under the assumption, first, that these sources can be treated as star clusters (i.e. single, instantaneous episodes of star formation), and subsequently as star-forming regions (i.e. characterised by continuous star formation). For both scenarios, we estimate ages as young as 4 million years, integrated masses ranging between 7 106 M (B1) and 109 M (A1) and a rate of 1 supernova per × 1 year, which, together with the stellar winds, sustains a galactic wind of 44 M yr− . In the case of continuous star formation, 1 a star-formation rate has been derived for A1 as high as 270 M yr− , similar to what is observed for warm Ultraluminous 3 Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs) with a double nucleus. -
Observational Studies of the Galaxy Peculiar Velocity Field
OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES OF THE GALAXY PECULIAR VELOCITY FIELD by Philip Andrew James Astrophysics Group Blackett Laboratory Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine London SW7 2BZ A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and for the Diploma of Imperial College November 1988 1 ABSTRACT This thesis describes two observational studies of the peculiar velocity field of galaxies over scales of 50-100 Jr1 Mpc, and the consequences of these measurements for cosmological theories. An introduction is given to observational cosmology, emphasising the crucial questions of the nature of the dark matter and the formation of structure. The principal cosmological models are discussed, and the role of observations in developing these models is stressed. Consideration is given to those observations that are likely to prove good discriminators between the competing models, particular emphasis being given to studies of the coherent velocities of samples of galaxies. The first new study presented here uses optical photometry and redshifts, from the literature, for First Ranked Cluster Galaxies (FRCG’s). These galaxies are excellent standard candles, and thus ideal for peculiar velocity studies. A simple one dimensional analysis detects no relative motion between the Local Group of galaxies and 60 FRCG’s with redshifts of up to 15000 kms-1. This is shown to imply a streaming motion of the cluster galaxies of at least 600 kms_1 relative to the CBR. The second observational study is a reanalysis of the Rubin et al. (1976a,b) sample of Sc galaxies. Near-IR photometry is used in our reanalysis to minimise the effects of extinction and to facilitate the use of luminosity indicators in reducing the effects of selection biases. -
Evidence of Enhanced Star Formation Efficiency in Luminous And
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. main c ESO 2018 October 24, 2018 Evidence of enhanced star formation efficiency in luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies⋆ J. Graci´a-Carpio1,2, S. Garc´ıa-Burillo2, P. Planesas2, A. Fuente2, and A. Usero2,3 1 FRACTAL SLNE, Castillo de Belmonte 1, Bloque 5 Bajo A, E-28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain 2 Observatorio Astron´omico Nacional (OAN), Observatorio de Madrid, Alfonso XII 3, E-28014 Madrid, Spain 3 Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL10 9AB, Hatfield, UK e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received 4 July 2007; accepted 4 December 2007 ABSTRACT We present new observations made with the IRAM 30m telescope of the J=1–0 and 3–2 lines of HCN and HCO+ used to probe the dense molecular gas content in a sample of 17 local luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs). These observations have allowed us to derive an updated version of the power law describing the correlation between the FIR luminosity ′ (LFIR) and the HCN(1–0) luminosity (LHCN(1−0)) of local and high-redshift galaxies. We present the first clear observational evidence ′ that the star formation efficiency of the dense gas (SFEdense), measured as the LFIR/LHCN(1−0) ratio, is significantly higher in LIRGs and ULIRGs than in normal galaxies, a result that has also been found recently in high-redshift galaxies. This may imply a statistically 11 significant turn upward in the Kennicutt-Schmidt law derived for the dense gas at LFIR ≥ 10 L⊙. -
Unification of the Maxwell- Einstein-Dirac Correspondence
Unification of the Maxwell- Einstein-Dirac Correspondence The Origin of Mass, Electric Charge and Magnetic Spin Author: Wim Vegt Country: The Netherlands Website: http://wimvegt.topworld.center Email: [email protected] Calculations: All Calculations in Mathematica 11.0 have been printed in a PDF File Index 1 “Unified 4-Dimensional Hyperspace 5 Equilibrium” beyond Einstein 4-Dimensional, Kaluza-Klein 5-Dimensional and Superstring 10- and 11 Dimensional Curved Hyperspaces 1.2 The 4th term in the Unified 4-Dimensional 12 Hyperspace Equilibrium Equation 1.3 The Impact of Gravity on Light 15 2.1 EM Radiation within a Cartesian Coordinate 23 System in the absence of Gravity 2.1.1 Laser Beam with a Gaussian division in the x-y 25 plane within a Cartesian Coordinate System in the absence of Gravity 2.2 EM Radiation within a Cartesian Coordinate 27 System under the influence of a Longitudinal Gravitational Field g 2.3 The Real Light Intensity of the Sun, measured in 31 our Solar System, including Electromagnetic Gravitational Conversion (EMGC) 2.4 The Boundaries of our Universe 35 2.5 The Origin of Dark Matter 37 3 Electromagnetic Radiation within a Spherical 40 Coordinate System 4 Confined Electromagnetic Radiation within a 42 Spherical Coordinate System through Electromagnetic-Gravitational Interaction 5 The fundamental conflict between Causality and 48 Probability 6 Confined Electromagnetic Radiation within a 51 Toroidal Coordinate System 7 Confined Electromagnetic Radiation within a 54 Toroidal Coordinate System through Electromagnetic-Gravitational -
Fermi Large Area Telescope Second Source Catalog the Fermi LAT Collaboration
Revision: 3455: Last update: 2011-07-09 23:47:14 - 0700 Fermi Large Area Telescope Second Source Catalog The Fermi LAT Collaboration ABSTRACT This is a pre-submission draft of the paper provided to document the public release of the 2FGL catalog through the FSSC. The draft will be replaced soon by the version that is submitted to ApJS and posted on the arXiv. We present the second catalog of high-energy γ-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary science instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi),derivedfromdatatakenduringthefirst 24 months of the science phase of the mission, which began on 2008 August 4. Source detection is based on the average flux over the 24-monthperiod.The Second Fermi-LAT catalog (2FGL) includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and spectral fits in terms of power-law, power-law-with-exponential-cutoff, or log-normal forms. Also in- cluded are flux measurements in 5 energy bands for each source and monthly light curves. Twelve sources in the catalog are modeled as spatially extended. We provide a detailed comparison of the results from this catalog with those from the first Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL). Although the diffuse Galactic and isotropic models used in the 2FGL analysis are improved compared to the 1FGL catalog, we attach caution flags to 162 of the sources to indicate possible confusion with residual imperfections in the diffuse model. The 2FGL catalogcontains1873 sources detected and characterized in the 100 MeV to 100 GeV range of which we consider 127 as being firmly identified and 1174 as being reliably associated with counterparts of known or likely γ-ray-producing source classes. -
Report of Contributions
Mapping the X-ray Sky with SRG: First Results from eROSITA and ART-XC Report of Contributions https://events.mpe.mpg.de/e/SRG2020 Mapping the X- … / Report of Contributions eROSITA discovery of a new AGN … Contribution ID : 4 Type : Oral Presentation eROSITA discovery of a new AGN state in 1H0707-495 Tuesday, 17 March 2020 17:45 (15) One of the most prominent AGNs, the ultrasoft Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H0707-495, has been observed with eROSITA as one of the first CAL/PV observations on October 13, 2019 for about 60.000 seconds. 1H 0707-495 is a highly variable AGN, with a complex, steep X-ray spectrum, which has been the subject of intense study with XMM-Newton in the past. 1H0707-495 entered an historical low hard flux state, first detected with eROSITA, never seen before in the 20 years of XMM-Newton observations. In addition ultra-soft emission with a variability factor of about 100 has been detected for the first time in the eROSITA light curves. We discuss fast spectral transitions between the cool and a hot phase of the accretion flow in the very strong GR regime as a physical model for 1H0707-495, and provide tests on previously discussed models. Presenter status Senior eROSITA consortium member Primary author(s) : Prof. BOLLER, Thomas (MPE); Prof. NANDRA, Kirpal (MPE Garching); Dr LIU, Teng (MPE Garching); MERLONI, Andrea; Dr DAUSER, Thomas (FAU Nürnberg); Dr RAU, Arne (MPE Garching); Dr BUCHNER, Johannes (MPE); Dr FREYBERG, Michael (MPE) Presenter(s) : Prof. BOLLER, Thomas (MPE) Session Classification : AGN physics, variability, clustering October 3, 2021 Page 1 Mapping the X- … / Report of Contributions X-ray emission from warm-hot int … Contribution ID : 9 Type : Poster X-ray emission from warm-hot intergalactic medium: the role of resonantly scattered cosmic X-ray background We revisit calculations of the X-ray emission from warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) with particular focus on contribution from the resonantly scattered cosmic X-ray background (CXB). -
National Observatories
Sidney C Wolff NOAO/DIR NATIONAL OPTICAL ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORIES NATIONAL OPTICAL ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORIES Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Kitt Peak National Observatory National Solar Observatory La Serena, Chile Tucson, Arizona 85726 Sunspot, New Mexico 88349 ANNUAL REPORT October 1996 - September 1997 October 30,1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS L INTRODUCTION IL AURA BOARD m. SCffiNTDJIC PROGRAM A. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) 1. The Search for High Z Supernovae 2. Nearby Stars and Planets 2 B. Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) 3 1. The History of Star Formation in Distant Galaxies 3 2. Oxygen Abundance and the Age of the Universe 4 3. The Age of Elliptical Galaxies - Is There Enough Time? 5 C. National Solar Observatory (NSO) 5 1. Results from GONG 5 2. High-Resolution Images of Solar Magnetic Fields 6 3. Active Optics Control Loop Closed at the Sac Peak Vacuum Tower Telescope 7 IV. DIVISION OPERATIONS 7 A. CTIO 7 Telescope Upgrades and Instrumentation 7 1. 4-m Upgrades 8 2. Major Instrumentation Efforts 9 3. SOAR 4-m Telescope Project 9 4. CCD Implementation and ARCON Controller Development 10 5. Existing Small General-User Telescopes on Cerro Tololo 10 6. New "Tenant" Installations and Upgrades 10 7. Other 11 B. KPNO 12 1. Image Quality Improvements 12 2. WTYN Queue Observing Experiment 12 3. WTYN 13 4. KPNO Instrumentation Improvements 14 5. Burrell-Schmidt 14 C. NSO 15 1. Kitt Peak 15 2. Sacramento Peak 17 3. Digital Library Development 21 D. USGP/ScOpe 21 E. NOAO Instrumentation 25 1. CCD Mosaic Imager 26 2. -
The Interstellar and Circumnuclear Medium of Active Nuclei Traced by H I 21 Cm Absorption
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review (2018) 26:4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00159-018-0109-x REVIEW ARTICLE The interstellar and circumnuclear medium of active nuclei traced by H i 21 cm absorption Raffaella Morganti1,2 · Tom Oosterloo1,2 Received: 23 April 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract This review summarises what we have learnt in the last two decades based on H i 21 cm absorption observations about the cold interstellar medium (ISM) in the central regions of active galaxies and about the interplay between this gas and the active nucleus (AGN). Hi absorption is a powerful tracer on all scales, from the parsec-scales close to the central black hole to structures of many tens of kpc tracing interactions and mergers of galaxies. Given the strong radio continuum emission often associated with the central activity, H i absorption observations can be used to study the Hi near an active nucleus out to much higher redshifts than is possible using H i emission. In this way, Hi absorption has been used to characterise in detail the general ISM in active galaxies, to trace the fuelling of radio-loud AGN, to study the feedback occurring between the energy released by the active nucleus and the ISM, and the impact of such interactions on the evolution of galaxies and of their AGN. In the last two decades, significant progress has been made in all these areas. It is now well established that many radio loud AGN are surrounded by small, regularly rotating gas disks that contain a significant fraction of H i. -
ASTRONOMY and ASTROPHYSICS the Elliptical Galaxy Formerly Known As the Local Group: Merging the Globular Cluster Systems
Astron. Astrophys. 358, 471–480 (2000) ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS The elliptical galaxy formerly known as the Local Group: merging the globular cluster systems Duncan A. Forbes1,2, Karen L. Masters1, Dante Minniti3, and Pauline Barmby4 1 University of Birmingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK 2 Swinburne University of Technology, Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia 3 P. Universidad Catolica,´ Departamento de Astronom´ıa y Astrof´ısica, Casilla 104, Santiago 22, Chile 4 Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 5 November 1999 / Accepted 27 January 2000 Abstract. Prompted by a new catalogue of M31 globular clus- al. 1995; Minniti et al. 1996). Furthermore Hubble Space Tele- ters, we have collected together individual metallicity values for scope studies of merging disk galaxies reveal evidence for the globular clusters in the Local Group. Although we briefly de- GC systems of the progenitor galaxies (e.g. Forbes & Hau 1999; scribe the globular cluster systems of the individual Local Group Whitmore et al. 1999). Thus GCs should survive the merger of galaxies, the main thrust of our paper is to examine the collec- their parent galaxies, and will form a new GC system around tive properties. In this way we are simulating the dissipationless the newly formed elliptical galaxy. merger of the Local Group, into presumably an elliptical galaxy. The globular clusters of the Local Group are the best studied Such a merger is dominated by the Milky Way and M31, which and offer a unique opportunity to examine their collective prop- appear to be fairly typical examples of globular cluster systems erties (reviews of LG star clusters can be found in Brodie 1993 of spiral galaxies. -
The Third Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope M
The Astrophysical Journal, 810:14 (34pp), 2015 September 1 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/14 © 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. THE THIRD CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE M. Ackermann1, M. Ajello2, W. B. Atwood3, L. Baldini4, J. Ballet5, G. Barbiellini6,7, D. Bastieri8,9, J. Becerra Gonzalez10,11, R. Bellazzini12, E. Bissaldi13, R. D. Blandford14, E. D. Bloom14, R. Bonino15,16, E. Bottacini14, T. J. Brandt10, J. Bregeon17, R. J. Britto18, P. Bruel19, R. Buehler1, S. Buson8,9, G. A. Caliandro14,20, R. A. Cameron14, M. Caragiulo13, P. A. Caraveo21, B. Carpenter10,22, J. M. Casandjian5, E. Cavazzuti23, C. Cecchi24,25, E. Charles14, A. Chekhtman26, C. C. Cheung27, J. Chiang14, G. Chiaro9, S. Ciprini23,24,28, R. Claus14, J. Cohen-Tanugi17, L. R. Cominsky29, J. Conrad30,31,32,70, S. Cutini23,24,28,R.D’Abrusco33,F.D’Ammando34,35, A. de Angelis36, R. Desiante6,37, S. W. Digel14, L. Di Venere38, P. S. Drell14, C. Favuzzi13,38, S. J. Fegan19, E. C. Ferrara10, J. Finke27, W. B. Focke14, A. Franckowiak14, L. Fuhrmann39, Y. Fukazawa40, A. K. Furniss14, P. Fusco13,38, F. Gargano13, D. Gasparrini23,24,28, N. Giglietto13,38, P. Giommi23, F. Giordano13,38, M. Giroletti34, T. Glanzman14, G. Godfrey14, I. A. Grenier5, J. E. Grove27, S. Guiriec10,2,71, J. W. Hewitt41,42, A. B. Hill14,43,68, D. Horan19, R. Itoh40, G. Jóhannesson44, A. S. Johnson14, W. N. Johnson27, J. Kataoka45,T.Kawano40, F. Krauss46, M. Kuss12, G. La Mura9,47, S. Larsson30,31,48, L. -
Gravity Beyond Einstein
Thierry De Mees Gravito- magnetism including an introduction to the Coriolis Gravity Theory Gravity Beyond Einstein Second Edition - 2011 Gravito-magnetism including an introduction to the Coriolis Gravity Theory Gravity Beyond Einstein Second Edition - 2011 INDEX Index i Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Successes of a Novel Gravity Interpretation 7 The great Michelson & Morley, Lorentz and Einstein trap 9 1. The Michelson & Morley experiment, the Lorentz and the Einstein interpretation. 9 2. A null result means : a null result. 10 3. Conclusion. 11 4. References and interesting literature. 12 A coherent dual vector field theory for gravitation 13 1. Introduction : the Maxwell analogy for gravitation: a short history. 14 2. Law of gravitational motion transfer. 14 3. Gyrotation of a moving mass in an external gravitational field. 15 4. Gyrotation of rotating bodies in a gravitational field. 16 5. Angular collapse into prograde orbits. Precession of orbital spinning objects. 16 6. Structure and formation of prograde disc Galaxies. 18 7. Unlimited maximum spin velocity of compact stars. 20 8. Origin of the shape of mass losses in supernovae. 21 9. Dynamo motion of the sun. 22 10. Binary stars with accretion disc. 22 11. Repulsion by moving masses. 24 12. Chaos explained by gyrotation. 24 13. The link between Relativity Theory and Gyrotation Theory. 25 14. Discussion : implications of the relationship between Relativity and Gyrotation 26 15. Conclusion 26 16. References 26 Lectures on “A coherent dual vector field theory for gravitation”. 27 Lecture A: a word on the Maxwell analogy 27 Lecture B: a word on the flux theory approach 27 Lecture C: a word on the application of the Stokes theorem and on loop integrals 28 Lecture D: a word on the planetary systems 29 Lecture E : a word on the formation of disk galaxies 31 Discussion: the Dual Gravitation Field versus the Relativity Theory 33 What is the extend of the Dual Gravitation Field Theory (Gravitomagnetism)? 33 The centenary of the relativity theory.