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(Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae) Del Río Coatzacoalcos, México

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(Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae) Del Río Coatzacoalcos, México ISSN Impreso: 0034-7744 ISSN electrónico: 2215-2075 Profundulus chimalapensis, una nueva especie de pez ciprinodóntido (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae) del Río Coatzacoalcos, México Luis Fernando Del Moral-Flores1*, Eduardo López-Segovia1,2 & Tao Hernández-Arellano1 1. Laboratorio de Zoología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090 Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México; delmoralfer@ gmail.com, [email protected] 2. Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México; [email protected] * Correspondencia Recibido 13-I-2020. Corregido 13-VIII-2020. Aceptado 21-VIII-2020. ABSTRACT. Profundulus chimalapensis, a new species of cyprinodontid fish (Cyrpinodontiformes: Profundulidae) from the Coatzacoalcos River, Mexico. Introduction: The genus Profundulus is considered a Mesoamerican endemic fish which spreading occurs, from the center-south of the state of Guerrero, Mexico, to the central part of Honduras. They mainly inhabit the upper basins and headwaters of the rivers of the Pacific slope, with less diversity in the Atlantic. Objective: This paper, based on morphological comparison we propose a new species, Profundulus chimalapensis sp. nov., confined to Mexico. Methods: Specimens were collected in the tributaries of the upper basin of the Coatzacoalcos River and were deposited in scientific collections. Morphological data (counts, measurements and skeletal features) were taken and compared with related species. Results: The new species differs from its congeners by having the following combination of characters: 12-15 dorsal-fin rays, 14-17 anal- and 13-16 pectoral-fin rays; dark colored stripe on the flanks; anal fin with a clear distal margin; anterior and posterior margin of the alveolar process of the premaxilla concave; pair of short and wide epiotic processes; and large anal fin base, equal to or greater than length of caudal peduncle. Conclusion: The description of this new Profundulus species from Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec suggests that this area has been a center of speciation for the genus. Key words: ichthyology; killifish; morphology; neotropical fish; taxonomy. Del Moral-Flores, L.F., López-Segovia, E., & Hernández-Arellano, T. (2020). Profundulus chimalapensis, una nueva especie de pez ciprinodóntido (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae) del Río Coatzacoalcos, México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 68(4), 1185-1197. La familia Profundulidae es represen- sus tributarios de montaña con altitudes entre tante de la ictiofauna Neotropical del orden 500 a 2 250 m.s.n.m, donde la temperatura Cyprinodontiformes, considerada endémica de del agua es templada y con corrientes fuertes la región Mesoamericana (Morcillo, Orne- y moderadas (Miller, 1955; Ornelas-García, las-García, Alcaraz, Matamoros, & Doadrio, Martínez-Ramírez, & Doadrio, 2015); aunque 2016). Los peces representantes de esta familia algunas especies pueden encontrarse cerca de son comúnmente conocidos como escamudos, los 60 m.s.n.m (Jamangapé et al., 2016). pupos, popoyotes o killis (“killifishes”). La De acuerdo con los primeros estudios mayoría de las especies habitan en las cuencas morfológicos, Profundulidae se considera una superiores y cabeceras de los ríos, además de de las familias menos derivadas del orden Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol.) • Vol. 68(4): 1185-1197, December 2020 1185 (Miller, 1955), estudios filogenéticos la sitúan México, donde ya se han descrito varias nuevas como un grupo basal al suborden Cyprino- especies de peces y endémicas (Del Moral- dontoidei (Parenti, 1981; Wiley, 1986). Dicha Flores, López-Segovia, & Hernández-Arellano, familia se reconoce, morfológicamente, por 2017, 2018), se identificaron una serie de tener un elevado número de branquiespinas ejemplares que difieren morfológicamente de en el primer arco branquial (14-23) y una las especies conocidas de Profundulus y, por fosa autopterótica grande (Parenti, 1981). Los lo tanto, son descritos aquí como una nueva patrones biogeográficos actuales de sus espe- especie. Adicionalmente, se ofrece una clave cies y la correlación geológica que ha tenido la taxonómica actualizada para la identificación región, comprendida de Guerrero a Guatemala, de las especies del género. por las últimas inmersiones marinas ocurridas en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, entre el Mioceno MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS y Plioceno temprano, que tuvieron aisladas las partes altas de la región permitió inferir Los ejemplares ictiológicos de referencia que la familia divergió en la era Cenozoica, fueron recolectados mediante redes de cuchara durante el Plioceno o Mioceno (Miller, 1955). (de 30 cm por lado) y chinchorro charalero (2 m Recientes estudios moleculares indican que de largo, 1.3 m de altura y 1 cm de abertura de su origen fue durante el Oligoceno superior malla) en los principales tributarios de la cuen- (Morcillo et al., 2016). ca superior del Río Coatzacoalcos (Río Pinal, La familia Profundulidae está conformada Río Los Milagros, Arroyo Carrizal, Sangre, por dos géneros, Tlaloc Álvarez y Carranza Sardina y Arroyo Paso Lagarto, tributarios del 1951 y Profundulus Hubbs 1924, los cuales Río El Corte en Santa María Chimalapa; Ojo divergieron, según las estimaciones, entre el de Agua y Río La Aurora en Santo Domingo Oligoceno superior y el Mioceno inferior, en un Petapa, Oaxaca, México). Estos fueron fijados tiempo estimado de entre 12.5 y 28.8 ma (Mor- en una solución de formol al 10 %, preserva- cillo et al., 2016). Profundulus se caracteriza dos en alcohol al 70 % y depositados en las por tener una mancha humeral oscura, región siguientes colecciones/instituciones: Colección preorbital, interorbital y base de la caudal Nacional de Peces, Instituto de Biología de cubierta de escamas. la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Méxi- En el género Profundulus se reconocen co (CNPE-UNAM); Colección Ictiológica de actualmente siete especies válidas: P. balsanus la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala (Ahl, 1935) de la cuenca del Río Papaga- (CIFI), UNAM; y Colección de Peces, Univer- yo-Malinaltepec, Guerrero; P. guatemalensis sidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, (Günther, 1866) habita en la vertiente del Pací- Morelia (CPUM) (Sabaj, 2019). fico guatemalteco; P. kreiseri (Matamoros, Las medidas corporales y merísticas pre- Schaefer, Hernández, & Chakrabarty, 2012) sentadas y utilizadas siguen a Miller (1948, vertiente atlántica al sur de Guatemala, El 1955) y modificaciones referidas por Ornelas- Salvador y Honduras; P. mixtlanensis (Ornelas- García et al. (2015). Las mediciones se toma- García et al., 2015) en la vertiente pacífica de la ron con un calibrador digital y se expresan región Mixteca de Oaxaca, P. oaxacae (Meek, como porcentaje de la longitud estándar (LS). 1902) en la cabecera de la cuenca del Río Ato- Para el conteo del número de escamas de la yac-Verde, Oaxaca; P. parientae (Matamoros, línea lateral, se consideró la primera escama Domínguez-Cisneros, Velázquez-Velázquez, & con poro por detrás del área postopercular hasta McMahan, 2018) en el Río Huatulco en Oaxa- la última escama del pedúnculo caudal. La ca; P. punctatus (Günther, 1866) del sur de terminología de los canales sensoriales y poros Oaxaca, Chiapas y Guatemala. cefálicos se basó en Gosline (1949), Miller Durante un estudio ictiológico reciente (1955) y Fitzsimons (1981). Las vértebras fue- en la cuenca superior del Río Coatzacoalcos, ron contabilizadas en ejemplares diafanizados 1186 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol.) • Vol. 68(4): 1185-1197, December 2020 (KOH al 4 %) y teñidos (Rojo de Alizarina al Paratipos. 51 especímenes, todos del esta- 0.01 %) (Taylor & Van Dyke, 1985). Las com- do de Oaxaca, México. Alotipo CIFI-649, 1 paraciones entre la nueva especie y sus congé- ejemplar hembra, 51.6 mm LS, arroyo Paso neres se realizaron a través de las descripciones Lagarto, cerca del poblado de Santa María originales de las especies válidas (Matamoros Chimalapa, cuenca superior del Río Coatza- et al., 2012; Matamoros et al., 2018; Ornelas- coalcos (16°55’7.92” N & 94°38’50.2” O), 4 García et al., 2015; Jamangapé et al., 2016), así de julio de 2018, por E. Segovia. CIFI-605, 10 como especímenes adicionales de colecciones ejemplares adultos, 39.0-52.1 mm LS, Arroyo científicas (ver material comparativo). Sardina, Santa María Chimalapa (16°54’13” N & 94°37’59.1” O), 27 de julio de 2017, RESULTADOS por F. Del Moral, E. Segovia y T. Hernández. CIFI-650, 2 ejemplares adultos, 47.6-48.5 mm Profundulus chimalapensis sp. nov. (Fig. LS, Arroyo Paso Lagarto, cerca del pobla- 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Tabla 1) do de Santa María Chimalapa, cuenca supe- Fundulus punctatus (no Günther, 1886): rior del Río Coatzacoalcos (16°55’7.92” N & Regan 1906-1908, en parte: 78. 94°38’50.2” O), 4 de julio de 2018 por E. Sego- Profundulus punctatus (no Günther, 1866): via. CIFI-620, 4 ejemplares adultos, 51.1-55.1 Miller, 1955, en parte: 51. mm LS, Arroyo Sardina, cerca de la cabecera Profundulus cf. punctatus (no Günther, municipal de Santa María Chimalapa, cuenca 1866): López-Segovia & Del Moral-Flores, superior del Río Coatzacoalcos (16°54’13” 2019: 55. N & 94°37’59.1” O), 27 de julio de 2017, por F. Del Moral, E. Segovia y T. Hernández. Holotipo: CIFI-648, 1 ejemplar macho, CPUM-14438, 17 ejemplares, 35.7-48.5 mm 49.3 mm LS, colectado en Arroyo Paso Lagarto, LS, Arroyo Sardina, cerca de la cabecera muni- cerca del poblado de Santa María Chimalapa, cipal de Santa María Chimalapa, cuenca supe- cuenca superior del Río Coatzacoalcos, Oaxa- rior del Río Coatzacoalcos (16°54’13” N & ca, México (16°55’7.92” N & 94°38’50.2” O), 94°37’59.1” O), 11 de abril de 2017, por F. Del 4 de julio de 2018, por E. Segovia. Moral, E. Segovia, T. Hernández y F. Jiménez. Fig. 1. Profundulus chimalapensis sp. nov. A. Holotipo, CIFI-648, 49.3 mm LS, macho adulto; B. Región cefálica; C. Región cefálica dorsal (Fotografías tomadas por L.
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