Pro Technical Regulations 2019 Version 1.2
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What You Need to Know About Mounting Radial Tires on Classic Vehicle Rims
What You Need to Know About Mounting Radial Tires on Classic Vehicle Rims Over the past 100 years, tires, and the wheels that support them, have gone through significant changes as a result of technical innovations in design, technology and materials. No single factor affects the handling and safety of a car’s ride more than the tire and the wheel it is mounted on and how the two work together as a unit. One nagging question that has been the subject of a lot of anecdotal evidence, speculation, and even more widespread rumor is whether rims designed for Bias ply tires can handle the stresses placed on them by Radial ply tires. And the answer is - it depends. It depends on how the rim was originally designed and built as well as whether the rim has few enough cycles on it, and how it has been driven. But most importantly it depends upon the construction of the tire and how it transmits the vehicle's load to where the rubber meets the road. In this paper, we want to educate you on the facts - not the wives tales or just plain bad information - about how Bias and Radial tires differ in working with the rim to provide a safe ride. Why is there a possible rim concern between Radial and Bias Tires? The fitting of radial tires, to wheels and rims originally designed for bias tires, is an application that may result in rim durability issues. Even same-sized bias and radial tires stress a rim differently, despite their nearly identical dimensions. -
MICHELIN® X® TWEEL® TURF™ the Airless Radial Tire™ & Wheel Assembly
MICHELIN® X® TWEEL® TURF™ The Airless Radial Tire™ & wheel assembly. Designed for use on zero turn radius mowers. ✓ NO MAINTENANCE ✓ NO COMPROMISE ✓ NO DOWNTIME MICHELIN® X® TWEEL® TURF™ No Maintenance – MICHELIN® X® TWEEL® TURF™ is one single unit, replacing the current tire/wheel/valve assembly. Once they are bolted on, there is no air pressure to maintain, and the common problem of unseated beads is completely eliminated. No Compromise – MICHELIN X TWEEL TURF has a consistent hub height which ensures the mower deck produces an even cut, while the full-width poly-resin spokes provide excellent lateral stability for outstanding side hill performance. The unique design of the spokes helps dampen the ride for enhanced operator comfort, even when navigating over curbs and other bumps. High performance compounds and an effi cient contact patch offer a long wear life that is two to three times that of a pneumatic tire at equal tread depth. No Downtime – MICHELIN X TWEEL TURF performs like a pneumatic tire, but without the risk and costly downtime associated with fl at tires and unseated beads. Zero degree belts and proprietary design provide great lateral stiffness, while resisting damage Multi-directional and absorbing impacts. tread pattern is optimized to provide excellent side hill stability and prevent turf High strength, damage. poly-resin spokes carry the load and absorb impacts, while damping the ride and providing a unique energy transfer that Michelin’s reduces “bounce.” proprietary Comp10 Cable™ forms a semi-rigid “shear beam”, Heavy gauge and allows the steel with 4 bolt load to hang hub pattern fi ts from the top. -
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION J (----- ( July 1993 )
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. , ------ l' ,J .,~ " \; .c I, ~.. 2t . · I '~i t ". ,tt:1~ •. - I I I BASIC COU·RSE INSTRUCTOR j "· I " j • 1 UNI'T GUIDE I i ~----------------------~ i : h).~ J r: .... I ( 29 ) I \1 i TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION J (----- ( July 1993 ) 144216 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the • person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this doc~ment ~re those o,f t,he authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or poliCies of the National Institute of Justice, Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material has been granted by California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS), Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the copyright owner, /\ THiS COMMDSSiON . .' ~':) • 'ON PIEACIE OfFICER STANDARDS AND> lRAt£\H~.G .: • This unit of instruction is designed as a guideline for performance objective-based law enforcement basic training. It is part of the POST Basic Course guidelines system developed by California law enforcement trainers and criminal justice educators for the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. This guide is designed to assist the instructor in developing an appropriate lesson plan to cover the performance objectives which are required as minimum content of the Basic Course. • • • II UNIT GUIDE 29 II TABLE OF CONTENTS u.ming Poruin 21 Tratfie Accident InvestigaIJon Page Exercises 9.14.1 Traffic Collision Investigation ......................... -
Pavement Skid-Resistance Measurements and Analysis in The
Pavement Skid Resistance Measurement and Analysis in the Forensic Context C.C.O.Marks Pavement Skid Resistance Measurement and Analysis in the Forensic Context Christopher C. O’N. Marks Managing Director, Marks and Associates Limited ABSTRACT Skid resistance measurement and analysis is now a routine procedure in motor vehicle crash analysis. In fact it was one of the earliest investigative and analytical tools used for this work. Many different measurement methods are in common use, including: visual estimation assisted by friction tables; various dragged devices with friction force measurement and instrumented vehicle skid-to-rest testing, the last having become the preferred alternative for many investigators over the past decade or so. The skid resistance measurement devices at present commonly used by traffic engineers for pavement condition monitoring and maintenance intervention, such as SCRIM, ROAR, Griptester and the British Pendulum, are only rarely used for forensic purposes in New Zealand although in some other countries these may be applied as a routine procedure during crash-scene investigations. The interpretation and analysis of the results obtained by skid resistance measurement in the forensic context may seem to be an obvious process but it is not always straightforward. Uncertainties exist and there is considerable scope for fundamental error. The latter is of significant concern, given the potential adverse consequences of an analyst presenting flawed expert testimony in Court. This paper examines the most common skid resistance measuring methods used for forensic purposes and discusses the interpretation and analysis of the results obtained, the uncertainties involved and the expression of expert opinion in Court. -
The Effect of Rollover Protection Systems and Trailers on Quad Bike Stability
International Journal of Forest Engineering ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tife20 The effect of rollover protection systems and trailers on quad bike stability Björn Edlund , Ola Lindroos & Tomas Nordfjell To cite this article: Björn Edlund , Ola Lindroos & Tomas Nordfjell (2020) The effect of rollover protection systems and trailers on quad bike stability, International Journal of Forest Engineering, 31:2, 95-105, DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2020.1708067 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2020.1708067 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 06 Jan 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 369 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tife20 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOREST ENGINEERING 2020, VOL. 31, NO. 2, 95–105 https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2020.1708067 The effect of rollover protection systems and trailers on quad bike stability Björn Edlund , Ola Lindroos and Tomas Nordfjell Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural, Sciences, Umeå, Sweden ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Quad bikes are light-weight vehicles which are used for transportation of personnel, equipment, and Received 26 June 2019 material in forestry operations such as planning, logging, planting, and fire-fighting. With increased Accepted 17 December 2019 quad bike usage, serious injuries have become an increasing concern. The most common forms of KEYWORDS severe incidents occur when a quad bike loses stability, causing injuries as it rolls over the rider trapped ATV; All-terrain vehicle; beneath. -
Design \&Amp\; Weight Optimization of a Wheel Rim for Sport Utility Vehicle
MATEC Web of Conferences 172, 03006 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817203006 ICDAMS 2018 Design & Weight Optimization of a Wheel Rim for Sport Utility Vehicle. Harish Panjagala1, *, Balakrishna M2, Shasikant Kushnoore1 and E L N Rohit Madhukar3 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India – 522502. 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, G.I.E.T, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India. 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India – 522502. ABSTRACT. Automobile have various parts which are important for good running of the vehicle. The most important safety components from a structural point of view are the road wheels. They are required to be lighter and more fascinating to the buyer all the time. This implies that it's important to perform a lot of accurate strength assessment on wheel styles. The wheel rim plays a major role in vehicle dynamics. This paper deals with the design and model of different wheel rims based on weight optimization and also structural analysis has been carried out. It has been compared with standard values by varying two different materials. In addition, from the obtained outputs of simulations and the weight optimization, we suggested Aluminium alloys as most suitable material for SUV. Model is created by using SOLIDWORKS software 2015 and structural analysis & weight optimization is done by using ANSYS WORKBENCH 16.0. 1 INTRODUCTION by considered two different materials namely Aluminum and forged steel and their relative performances have A sport or suburban utility vehicle (SUV) is similar to a been observed respectively. -
Estimation of Tire-Road Friction for Road Vehicles: a Time Delay Neural Network Approach
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Estimation of Tire-Road Friction for Road Vehicles: a Time Delay Neural Network Approach Alexandre M. Ribeiro · Alexandra Moutinho · Andr´eR. Fioravanti · Ely C. de Paiva Received: date / Accepted: date Abstract The performance of vehicle active safety sys- different road surfaces and driving maneuvers to verify tems is dependent on the friction force arising from the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method. the contact of tires and the road surface. Therefore, an The results are compared with a classical approach, a adequate knowledge of the tire-road friction coefficient model-based method modeled as a nonlinear regression. is of great importance to achieve a good performance Keywords Road friction estimation Artificial neural of different vehicle control systems. This paper deals · networks Recursive least squares Vehicle safety with the tire-road friction coefficient estimation prob- · · · Road vehicles lem through the knowledge of lateral tire force. A time delay neural network (TDNN) is adopted for the pro- posed estimation design. The TDNN aims at detecting 1 Introduction road friction coefficient under lateral force excitations avoiding the use of standard mathematical tire models, One of the primary challenges of vehicle control is that which may provide a more efficient method with robust the source of force generation is strongly limited by the results. Moreover, the approach is able to estimate the available friction between the tire tread elements and road friction at each wheel independently, instead of the road. In order to better understand vehicle handling using lumped axle models simplifications. -
Part 72. Automotive Service Operations
MIOSHA-STD-1149 (05/13) For further information 8 Pages Ph: 517-284-7740 www.michigan.gov/mioshastandards DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING OF REGULATORY AFFAIRS DIRECTOR'S OFFICE GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY STANDARDS Filed with the Secretary of State on December 12, 1974 (as amended September 30, 1977) (as amended May 31, 1990) (as amended August 2, 1993) (as amended May 29, 2013) These rules become effective immediately upon filing with the Secretary of State unless adopted under section 33, 44, or 45a(6) of 1969 PA 306. Rules adopted under these sections become effective 7 days after filing with the Secretary of State. (By authority conferred on the director of the department of licensing and regulatory affairs by sections 16 and 21 of 1974 PA 154, and Executive Reorganization Order Nos. 1996-2, 2003-1, 2008-4, and 2011-4, MCL 445.2001, 445.2011, 445.2025, and 445.2030) R 408.17211, R 408.17212, R 408.17213, R 408.17222, R 408.17225, R 408.17236, and R 408.17251 of the Michigan Administrative Code are amended and R 408.17227 of the Code is rescinded as follows: GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARD PART 72. AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE OPERATIONS Table of Contents SPECIFICS ................................................................... 4 GENERAL PROVISIONS ............................................ 1 R 408.17232. Cranes and winches, hoists R 408.17201. Scope. ................................................... 1 and chain falls. ....................................................... 4 R 408.17204. Definitions; A to E. ................................. 1 R 408.17233. Wreckers. ............................................... 4 R 408.17205. Definitions; F to L. ................................. 2 R 408.17234. Jacking and blocking. ............................ 4 R 408.17206. Definitions; P to S. ................................. 2 R 408.17235. -
Bbg Document Template
OVERVIEW Ram cab chassis and pickups can be ordered with a Trailer Tire Pressure Monitor System. (sales code XG9) The system uses tire pressure sensors mounted in the trailer tires that communicate wirelessly with a module mounted near the rear of the truck. The module communicates individual tire pressure status to the cluster and the cluster will display the tire pressure of each trailer tire in the correct trailer position on a menu screen in the EVIC. Tire locations and pressure thresholds can be programmed into the system. Audio and visual indicators alert you if any of the tires have dropped below that threshold. The system is capable of discerning up to 12 tires on up to 3 axles per configured trailer on up to 4 configurable trailers. The factory system is supplied with 4 sensors. Addition sensors can be purchased through any Ram dealer. The customer is responsible for installing the sensors into the trailer tires and programming the system. All sensor pairing and system programming is done on the radio. The system is only available with the 8.4 inch and 12 inch radios. On 2500/3500 pickup trucks, (DJ and D2) the in-cab controls, chassis wiring and TPM receiver module have been factory installed. The module is located behind the rear license plate. A kit containing all required hardware for the sensor installation is provided and can be found in the cab of the vehicle. On 3500/4500/5500 chassis cabs, (DF, DD and DP) the in-cab controls and chassis wiring have been factory installed. -
Direct On-Line Rim-Driven Electric Machines
Development of Canned Line-start Rim-driven Electric Machines A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2011 Paul M. Tuohy School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Contents Page Contents Page LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................8 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................15 LIST OF NOTATIONS................................................................................................18 LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................23 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................25 DECLARATION...........................................................................................................27 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT......................................................................................28 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........................................................................................29 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................31 1.1 LOW-SPEED DIRECT-DRIVE MACHINES..............................................................32 1.2 RIM-DRIVEN ELECTRIC MACHINES ....................................................................33 1.3 RESEARCH -
The Crime Scene
11/18/2013 Got Cars? Demonstrative Evidence & Visual Trial Theory Investigation & Prosecution of Vehicular Homicides Warren Diepraam Montgomery County District Attorney’s Office Vehicular Crimes Cases The Crime Scene • High Profile • Highly Emotional • Location? • Highly Likeable Defendants • Move Along? • High Degree of Expertise • Cleared Scene? • Highly Complicated • Police Attitudes? Question? • Evidence? What Evidence? No, Really! What Evidence? • Photos • 911 Calls • Maps • Medical Records • Photos • Diagrams • Autopsy • Charts • Insurance Records • Measurements • Reconstruction • Receipts • Cars • SFSTs • GPS Data • Phones • Blood Evidence • Dispatch Recordings • OnStar / AAA Roadside • Blood • Videos • Civil Documents • Cell Phones • Social Media • Internet Posting • Social Media • Statements • Doctor’s Records 1 11/18/2013 Got the Evidence –Now What? Learning Types • Demonstrative Evidence vs. Exhibits • Kinetic Learners = 5% • Predicates • Auditory Learners = 30% • Rules of Evidence • Visual Learners = 65% Kinetic • Publishing & Presenting 5% –Trial Fusion (www.trialfusion.net) Auditory –PowerPoint 30% Visual 65% • Consider . Visual Learners Introduction ‐ Visual Facts You MUST Make It Visual! Sounds Fun, But . • We Don’t Have the Equipment. – Forfeiture Funds? – Grants? – MADD or Other Organizations – Beg, Borrow, or Buy Your Own – Go “old school” and blow it up! = WINNING! 2 11/18/2013 When You Can –Bring It In! Photos –Key Points • Quantity? • Quality? • Get there Fast! • All the Evidence. • Think Outside the Box. • Consider the Defenses. Good Photo of Damage Better Photo of Damage Good Photo of Scene Good Photo of Scene 3 11/18/2013 Better Photo of Scene Better Photo of Scene Some Beer… Wine Cooler… 4 11/18/2013 Still Cold… Here’s Why DNA On the driver’s seat . and the wheel. -
HVE Data Inputs Based on Testing for a Wet Pavement Accident Involving an Intercity Bus and an SUV
WP#2005-1 HVE Data Inputs Based on Testing for a Wet Pavement Accident Involving an Intercity Bus and an SUV Lawrence E. Jackson, PE, MS, ACTAR, David Rayburn, Dan Walsh, PE, Jennifer Russert, National Transportation Safety Board and David Gents, George A. Tapia, Vincent M. Paolini General Dynamics Tire Research Facility ABSTRACT speeds, and with different water depths. The surface used on the TIRF was This paper will discuss the technique validated with the ASTM ribbed and used to simulate a wet pavement smooth tires. The results of these tire accident. It will discuss the weather tests are presented. Finally, the data data, the environment data and the inputs for the surface friction factors and surface friction inputs and the bus tire the tire in-use factors will be discussed. friction inputs used for an HVE SIMON(1)1 loss-of-control simulation on INTRODUCTION wet pavement. By knowing the rain intensity, texture, drainage path length In 2002, the National Highway Traffic and cross slope of the pavement, it could Safety Administration (NHTSA) be determined that the surface was reported that there were 2,981 fatal flooded. The surface was documented crashes, 207,000 injury crashes, and with an ASTM skid trailer using a 479,000 property damage only (pdo) treaded and a smooth tire. This data crashes when rain was reported(2). This showed that for smooth tires the friction represents 7.8% of the fatal crashes, changed both longitudinally every 0.1- 10.7% of the injury crashes and 11.0% mile and laterally between wheel paths, of the pdo crashes.