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Plovdiv (SOA), Bulgaria ECOLOGIA BALKANICA 2019, Vol. 11, Issue 2 December 2019 pp. 261-267 Inventory of Genus Primula (Familly Primulaceae) in the Herbarium of Agricultural University – Plovdiv (SOA), Bulgaria Tsvetanka Raycheva*, Kiril Stoyanov, Petja Kokova Agricultural University – Plovdiv, 12 Mendeleev Blvd., 4000 - Plovdiv, BULGARIA *Correspondingauthor: [email protected] Abstract. Genus Primula L. (Primulaceae) is represented in Bulgaria by 8 species. The study is an observation of the whole recent collection of the genus, stored in the Herbarium of Agricultural University – Plovdiv (SOA). The collection consists of 352 herbarium sheets (185 of them from Bulgarian localities), representing 36 species (8 from Bulgaria). The chorological information from the literature and from the herbarium specimens is databased and mapped. Inspite of the relatively low representativeness, the Primula collection of SOA is an important resource for the taxonomical and chorological investigations in this group. Key words: Primula, herbaria collection, SOA. Introduction where about 300 species of Primula known, The typical genus Primula consists about and the process of describing new taxa 500 species, with highiest diversity level in continues (YUAN XU et al., 2016). the mountain regions of Eastern Asia (HU & Historically, the knowledge of the genus KELSO, 1996), Himalayas and West China in our flora can be tracked back to the first (KOVTONIUK & GONCHAROV, 2009). A few edition of VELENOVSKY (1891) and the later species are distributed in the mountains of Supplementum (VELENOVSKY, 1898), with Africa, tropical Asia and South America. In included 4 species: P. vulgaris Huds., P. one of the newest classifications of genus elatior (L.) Hill, P. veris L. and P. frondosa Primula is divided to 37 sections (RICHARDS, Janka. The number of species and their 2003). The genus is represented in Europe treatment in different floristic editions can be with 34 species, grouped in 4 sectionsand in traced in “Flora of Bulgaria”. The first North America - 20 species, grouped in 5 edition of the “Flora” (STOJANOV & sections. The current data for the frora of STEFANOV, 1925) lists 7 species. In the second Bulgaria describes 8 species (PEEV, 1982; edition (STOJANOV & STEFANOV, 1933) the DELIPAVLOV, 2003; ASSYOV & PETROVA, authors consider a hybrid combination P. 2012). acaulis (L.) Hill × P. officinalis (L.) Hill. In the A comprehensive work on the genus third edition (STOJANOV & STEFANOV, 1948) Primula is that of SMITH & FLATCHER (1949), are mentioned 8 species. Variability is dealing mainly withs species of Nepal and considered – Only one variety of of P. Himalayas. A center with a great officinalis is indicated - var. suaveolens Bert. biodiversity in the world is Western China, For P. elatior Jacq. is considered var. icarnata © Ecologia Balkanica Union of Scientists in Bulgaria – Plovdiv http://eb.bio.uni-plovdiv.bg University of Plovdiv Publishing House Inventory of Genus Primula (Familly Primulaceae) in the Herbarium of Agricultural University (Godr. et Gren.) Pax. In the fourth edition to avoid synonymous errors, a synonymous (STOJANOV et al., 1966) is added the new list of the species is drawn up. variety of P. officinalis var. columnae Ten. The The data from the supporting authors also include 3 widely cultivated information are stored in a relational ornamental species – P. sinensis Lindl., P. database. The chorological information is obconica Hance and P. malacoides Franch. In organized according the recent floristic the taxonomical work for vol. 8 of Flora regions (KOZUHAROV et al., 1983) The Reipublicae Bulgaricae” (PEEV, 1982) are floristic regions are databased and described represented the investigations on the genus in the maps and the text using the codes: 1s – till the beginning of the 80’s of 20’th century. Black Sea Coast (south), 1n – Black Sea Coast The species count remains the same. The (north), 2 – North-Eastern Bulgaria, 3 – author also describes a cultivated hybrid P. Danubian Plain, 4w – Balkan Foothill Region hortensis Host (P. elatior × veris × vulgaris) (west), 4e – Balkan Foothill Region (east), 5w and mentions also 4 rarely cultivated – Balkan Range (west), 5c – Balkan Range species. (central), 5e – Balkan Range (east), 6 – Sofia A review of the available literature on Region, 7 – Znepole Region, 8 – Vitosha the genus Primula indicates that the species Region, 9 – West Frontier Mountains, 10s – have not been a subject of targeted in-depth Struma Valley (south), 10n – Struma Valley research for the last 35 years in Bulgaria. The (north), 11 – Belasitsa, 12 – Slavianka, 13 – available materials date from the period Mesta Valley, 14s – Pirin (south), 14n – Pirin 1880-1980, and in the recent decades there is (north), 15 – Rila, 16w – Sredna Gora (west), a lack of modern collections from the 16e – Sredna Gora (east), 17w – Rhodopes country. (west), 17c – Rhodopes (central), 17e – The number of species cited by Rhodopes (east), 18 – Tracian Lowland, 19 – DELIPAVLOV (2003) for our country is 9 – the Toundja Hilly Plain, 20 – Strandja (Fig. 1). decorative species Primula auricula L. is The countries are listed with their ISO included. In one of the recent generalizations 3166-1 Alpha 2 codes: AT- Austria, AZ- on the chorology of higher plants in Azerbaijan, BA- Bosnia and Hertzegovina, Bulgaria, 8 wild species of needles are CH- Switzerland, DE- Germany, DK- mentioned (ASSYOV & PETROVA, 2012). Denmark, ES- Spain, FI- Finland, FR- France, The primary purpose of the study is GB- United Kingdom, GE- Georgia, HR- inventory and evaluation of Primula Croatia, IT- Italy, KZ- Kazakhstan, MK- collections in SOA herbarium. North Macedonia, NO- Norway, PL- Poland, RO- Romania, RS- Serbia, RU- Russian Materials and Methods Federation, SE- Sweden, SI- Slovenia, SK- The classification scheme for the Slovakia, TR- Turkey, US- United States of Bulgarian species follows the main taxa America, UZ- Uzbekistan, ?- unknown. adopted by DUBY (1828), with few The information from the herbarium exceptions uniquely accepted in the modern sheets is stored in a relational database using taxonomy of the genus Primula. the software application dSOA, following aн The available samples of genus Primula, approved model (STOYANOV, 2009). Each stored in the collections of Agricultural record contains the sample number, taxon University Plovdiv - SOA (according to name, floristic region, WGS84 coordinates, Index Herbariorum - Tiers, 2016) are UTN (MGRS) code, altitude, nearest inventoried. toponym, date, authors, and memo field The progres of the taxonomic with the text from the label. The maps are perceptions of the Primula genus over the generated by the same software using the years has created great synonymy, which is UTM coordinates. also present in the SOA collection. In order The status of the taxa is referred in the 262 Raycheva et al. database International Plant Name Index European floristic element, indicated for (IPNI). The reference for the Bulgarian taxa, the regions 5w, 5c, 8, 9, 14n, 15, 17w, 17c, in their status and chorology is done from the the alpine zone, on 2000 - 2800 m a.s.l. The Bulgarian "Floras" and "Keys", as well as the Bulgarian localities are represented by 14 known floristic records cited in the text. The herbarium sheets from 5c, 14n, 15, 17w and available information in SOA is compared to 17c (Fig. 1-A). The comparative materials are the data from the Conspectus of Higher 13 (Table 1). Plants in Bulgaria, which also the reference Primula veris L., Sp. Pl. 142 (1753). Syn. to the floristic elements (ASSYOV & PETROVA, Primula suaveolens Bertol., J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 2012). 76 1813; Primula veris var. officinalis L., Sp. Pl. The results are presented in a taxonomic 142 1753. scheme, with their names accepted and their European-Mediterranean floristic synonyms noted. Each inventory taxon is element, indicated for the whole country, presented with a heading in a comparable, from the sea level up to 2500 m. The uniform pattern. deposited specimens are 72, and 17 are from The recent data about genus Primula in abroad (incl. Primula clolumnae Ten., Table 1). Bulgaria (horyzontal and vertical The materials from Bulgaria localities distribution, chorology, ecology, and represent the regions: 4w, 5c, 5e, 6, 7, 8, 9, phenology) are reviewed from the literature 10s, 11, 16w, 16e, 17w, 17c, 18, 19 and 20, in and from the herbarium sheets. altitudes 130 - 2200 m a.s.l. (Fig. 1-G). Sect. Auricula Duby Results and Discussion subgen. Auriculastrum Schott; sect. Genus Primula L. Cyanopsis Schott, Sippen Österr. Primeln 14. Sect. Primula 1851. Primula vulgaris Huds. Syn. Primula Primula deorum Velen., Syn. Auricula-ursi acaulis (L.) Hill., Veg. Syst. 8: (1765) 25; P. deorum (Velen.) Soják; Primula bulgarica officinalis Hill; Primula veris var. acaulis L. Sp. Georgieff ex. Degen. Pl. 143 (1753). Bulgarian endemic species, local for Rila European floristic element, indicated for Mts, on altitude 1900-2800 m a.s.l., around the whole territory of Bulgaria, on 0 - 900 m along streams, glacial lakes, peatlands and a.s.l. Available materials from P. vulgaris snow drifts. Listed in the Bulgarian Law of show poor representation in the SOA Biological Diversity (Appendix 3) and the collection. 26 specimens are deposited in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria (PEEV & herbarium, of which 11 are from Bulgarian TSONEVA, 2011) – in the category localities (Fig. 1-H), the rest are comparative „Vulnerable”, in the IUCN Red List and in materials (Table 1). The Bulgarian specimens the Bern Convention. from SOA confirm the regions: 1n, 5, 7, 8, 11, In SOA are deposited 23 specimens. The 16.1, 18 and 20. There are two subspecies earliest collections are done by Urumov within the species: subsp. vulgaris with the (SOA 8530, 1907), от marshy places in the same distrubution, and subsp. sibtorpii Rhodopes, but without exact locality or (Hoffman) Sm. & Forest found in the regions toponym. The data to the specimen is 1s, 5e and 20 (5e and 20 confirmed in SOA). probably referring to the Rila-Rhodope The hybrid combination P. vulgaris × P. veris mountain range without exact location.
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