DOCSLIB.ORG

Thesis, Slac-R-729

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thesis, Slac-R-729 SLAC-R-729 Observation of CP Violation in the Neutral B Meson System* Stephen Levy Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University Stanford, CA 94309 SLAC-Report-729 Prepared for the Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC03-76SF00515 Printed in the United States of America. Available from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. * Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Observation of CP Violation in the Neutral B Meson System A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Physics by Stephen Levy Committee in charge: Professor Claudio Campagnari, Chair Professor Harry Nelson Professor Robert Sugar September 2003 The dissertation of Stephen Levy is approved: Chair September 2003 This dissertation is dedicated to my mom and dad for their unfailing support these last 28 years. All my love. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Throughout my study of physics, I have had the good fortune to be guided and encouraged by many excellent teachers to whom I owe a debt of gratitude. I would like to thank Mr. Berryann for opening my eyes to the world of physics; Dr. Gilfoyle for inspiring me to become a physicist; and Dr. Rubin for demonstrating the integrity required to fulfill that goal. Most importantly, I’d like to thank my adviser Claudio Campagnari for teaching me what it means to be a physicist. His wisdom and assistance have been invaluable. There were days and late nights when the pressure of producing a timely sin2β result (you mean we’re publishing again)was intense. But the spirits of the “sin2β crew” were always cheerful and they were a fantastic group to work with. Thanks to Riccardo, David, Fernando, and S¨oeren. Special thanks to Owen and Wouter for taking so much time to teach me and for never tiring of my questions. And also to Shahram for his dual role of co-worker and friend. Also thanks to my many officemates through the years, Kevin, Bryan, Na- talia, and most recently Adam and Tae, for putting up with my voluminous insane ravings. I have had some great friends and roommates during my graduate school years, which began with Brookie breaking and entering and ended with him egg-kicking (they can’t be cracked if you squeeze from the poles, I swear). I am especially grateful to have mastered his elegant polytheistic theory of religious begging. The days at Quinientos with Hilah, (begin deep Southern accent) Hemingway (end accent), and Pandora were unforgettable (Feb. 14 Day cat omission was not an oversight). As was my initiation to the world of Mudders provided by fresh Doug F. (on the steel horse I ride). Lots of fun times with J. Murray in the ghetto (man, your room is cold). And too many good memories of Courtney C. during the SF years (dummy seeking to be what?). The La Bamba (ZZZ) girls, L.S. and T.I., have made the final stretch an adventure even if their house escapes the glorious egging crescendo I’ve predicted lo these iv many months. Grandma Levy and Grandma Roy provided me with excellent modes of transportation and much love for which I am extremely thankful. Finally, I must thank my parents. The love and support they have pro- vided has allowed me to pursue my dreams. For this I will be forever grateful. Their faith in me has remained unshakable despite some infamous incidents in my youth (think mailbox) and that faith has kept me steady through darker moments than I’ve admitted to. They remain always in my heart. v Curriculum Vitæ Stephen Levy Education Doctor of Philosophy in Physics, University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), California, June 2003 (expected) Bachelor of Science in Physics and Math, University of Richmond (UR), Richmond, VA, May 1997 (Magna cum laude) Professional Employment UCSB Research Assistant, Member of BABAR collaboration at the Stan- ford Linear Accelerator Center (Summer 1998-Present) UCSB Teaching Assistant, Graduate Particle Physics (Fall 2002-Winter 2002) UCSB Teaching Assistant, Physics for Majors (Winter 1999-Spring 2000) Primary Publications B. Aubert et al. [BABAR Collaboration], “Measurement of the CP-violating asymmetry amplitude sin 2beta,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 201802 (2002). B. Aubert et al. [BABAR Collaboration], “A study of time dependent CP-violating asymmetries and flavor oscillations in neutral B decays at the Upsilon(4S),” Phys. Rev. D 66, 032003 (2002). B. Aubert et al. [BABAR Collaboration], “Observation of CP violation in the B0 meson system,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 091801 (2001). B. Aubert et al. [BABAR Collaboration], “Measurement of CP violating asymmetries in B0 decays to CP eigenstates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2515 (2001). G. P. Gilfoyle, S. Levy, and M. Mestayer, “Spatial resolution of the nose cone prototype drift chamber”, CLAS-Note-96-009 (1997). vi Awards GANN Fellowship recipient, UCSB (1998) Phi Beta Kappa, UR (1997) R. Loving Award, most promising graduating physics major, UR (1997) Sigma Xi, scientific research society (1997) Pi Mu Epsilon, mathematics honor society (1996) Sigma Pi Sigma, physics honor society (1996) National Merit Finalist, UR (1993) Varsity Tennis Scholarship, UR (1993) vii Abstract Observation of CP Violation in the Neutral B Meson System by Stephen Levy This dissertation presents a measurement of time-dependent CP -violating asym- metries in neutral B meson decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Cen- ter. The data sample consists of about 88 million Υ (4S) → BB decays collected between 1999 and 2002. We study events in which one neutral B meson decay to 0 0 0 0 the CP -eigenstates J/ψ K S , ψ(2S)KS , χc1KS ,andηcKS , or to flavor-eigenstates (∗) ∗0 ∗0 + − involving D π/ρ/a1 and J/ψ K (K → K π ), is fully reconstructed. The flavor of the other neutral B meson is tagged at the time of its decay, mainly using the charge of identified leptons and kaons. The proper time elapsed between the meson decays is determined by measuring the distance between the decay vertices. The amplitude of the CP -violating asymmetry, which in the Standard Model is proportional to sin2β, is determined from a simultane- ous maximum-likelihood fit to the time-difference distribution of the flavor- and CP -eigenstate samples. We measure sin2β =0.755±0.074 (stat)±0.030 (syst). viii Contents List of Figures xiv List of Tables xviii 1 CP violation in the Standard Model 1 1.1TheStandardModel........................ 3 1.2Parity,chargeconjugation,andtimereversal........... 5 1.3 CP violationandcosmology.................... 6 1.4 Discovery of CP violation..................... 8 1.4.1 Experimental confirmation of CP violation........ 9 1.4.2 Theoretical model for CP violation............ 10 1.5TheCKMmatrix.......................... 11 1.5.1 Higgsmechanismorigin.................. 11 1.5.2 Parametercounting..................... 13 1.5.3 CKMparameterization................... 14 1.5.4 Unitaritytriangle...................... 15 1.6 Manifestations of CP violation................... 17 1.6.1 CP violationindecay.................... 18 1.6.2 Mixingofneutralmesons.................. 19 1.6.3 CP violationinmixing................... 22 1.6.4 Timeevolutionofneutralmesons............. 22 1.6.5 Mixing phenomenology in the B0 system......... 23 1.6.6 CP violationinmixinganddecay............. 26 0 → 0 1.7 The golden decay B J/ψ K S .................. 29 1.7.1 Evaluating λ 0 ...................... 29 J/ψ KS 1.8 Measuring CP violation at BABAR ................ 33 1.8.1 Coherent B meson production at the Υ (4S) ....... 33 1.8.2 Experimentalchallenges.................. 35 1.9Constraintsontheunitaritytriangle............... 37 1.10 Previous measurements of sin2β .................. 41 ix 2TheBABAR detector 43 2.1 PEP-II ................................ 43 2.2 BABAR detectoroverview..................... 50 2.3 Silicon vertex tracker ........................ 53 2.3.1 SVTgeometry........................ 53 2.3.2 Silicon sensors ........................ 56 2.3.3 Frontendelectronics.................... 57 2.3.4 Alignment.......................... 58 2.3.5 Performance......................... 60 2.4Driftchamber(DCH)........................ 61 2.4.1 DCHdesign......................... 62 2.4.2 DCHperformance...................... 64 2.5 Detector of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) . 66 2.5.1 DIRCgeometry....................... 67 2.5.2 DIRCperformance..................... 68 2.6Electromagneticcalorimeter(EMC)................ 69 2.6.1 EMClayout......................... 69 2.6.2 EMCperformance..................... 71 2.7Instrumentedfluxreturn(IFR).................. 75 2.7.1 IFRoverview........................ 75 2.7.2 IFRperformance...................... 76 3 Analysis overview 79 3.1Analysisoutline........................... 82 3.2 Additional CP modes........................ 82 4 Reconstruction of B mesons 85 4.1Trackandneutralreconstruction................. 86 4.2Particleidentification........................ 87 4.2.1 Chargedleptonidentification............... 88 4.2.2 Kaonidentification..................... 90 4.2.3 Eventselection....................... 92 4.3Reconstructionofdecaydaughters................. 94 4.3.1 Selection of π0 mesons................... 95 0 4.3.2 Selection of KS mesons................... 95 + ∗0 4.3.3 Selection of ρ, a1 ,andK mesons............ 96 4.3.4 Charmoniummesonselection............... 96 4.3.5 Charmedmesonselection..................102 4.4 B mesonreconstruction......................104 4.4.1 Helicitydefinition......................106
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Choosing Between Hail Insurance and Anti-Hail Nets: a Simple Model and a Simulation Among Apples Producers in South Tyrol
    Choosing Between Hail Insurance and Anti-Hail Nets: A Simple Model and a Simulation among Apples Producers in South Tyrol Marco Rogna, Günter Schamel, and Alex Weissensteiner Selected paper prepared for presentation at the 2019 Summer Symposium: Trading for Good – Agricultural Trade in the Context of Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Synergies, Obstacles and Possible Solutions, co-organized by the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC) and the European Commission Joint Research Center (EU-JRC), June 23-25, 2019 in Seville, Spain. Copyright 2019 by Marco Rogna, Günter Schamel, and Alex Weissensteiner. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. Choosing between Hail Insurance and Anti-Hail Nets: A Simple Model and a Simulation among Apples Producers in South Tyrol Marco Rogna∗1, G¨unter Schamely1, and Alex Weissensteinerz1 1Faculty of Economics and Management, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Universit´a, 1, 39100, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy. May 5, 2019 ∗[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract There is a growing interest in analysing the diffusion of agricultural insurance, seen as an effective tool for managing farm risks. Much atten- tion has been dedicated to understanding the scarce adoption rate despite high levels of subsidization and policy support. In this paper, we anal- yse an aspect that seems to have been partially overlooked: the potential competing nature between insurance and other risk management tools. We consider hail as a single source weather shock and analyse the po- tential competing effect of anti-hail nets over insurance as instruments to cope with this shock by presenting a simple theoretical model that is rooted into expected utility theory.
    [Show full text]
  • LECTURE 2: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS STATISTICAL ANALYSIS in EXPERIMENTAL PARTICLE PHYSICS Kai-Feng Chen National Taiwan University
    LECTURE 2: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN EXPERIMENTAL PARTICLE PHYSICS Kai-Feng Chen National Taiwan University !1 PROPERTIES OF DISTRIBUTIONS ➤ Several useful quantities which characterize probability distributions. The PDF f(X) is used as a weighting function to obtain the corresponding quantities. ➤ The expectation E of a function g(X) is given by E(g)= g(X) = g(X)f(X)dx h i Z⌦ where Ω is the entire space. ➤ The mean is simply the expected value of X: µ = E(X)= X = Xf(X)dx h i Z⌦ ➤ The expectation of the function (X–μ)2 is the variance V: V = σ2 = E((X µ)2)= (X µ)2f(X)dx = X2f(X)dx µ2 − − − Z⌦ Z⌦ !2 COVARIANCE AND CORRELATION ➤ Covariance and correlation are two further useful numerical characteristics. Consider a joint density f(X,Y) of two variables, the covariance is the expectation of (X–μX)(Y–μY): cov(X, Y )=E((X µ )(Y µ )) = E(XY ) E(X)E(Y ) − X − Y − ➤ Another one is the correlation coefficient, which is defined by cov(X, Y ) corr(X, Y )=⇢(X, Y )= σX σY ➤ When there are more than 2 variables, the covariance (and correlation) can be still defined for each 2D joint distribution for Xi and Xj. The matrix with elements cov(Xi,Xj) is called the covariance matrix (or variance/error matrix). The diagonal elements are just the variances: cov(X ,X )=E(X2) E(X )2 = σ2 i i i − i Xi !3 UNCORRELATED? INDEPENDENT? ➤ A usual confusion is the two statements “uncorrelated” and “independent”.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Data Analysis, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998 G
    E. Santovetti Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata StatisticalStatistical datadata analysisanalysis lecturelecture II Useful books: G. Cowan, Statistical Data Analysis, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998 G. D'Agostini: "Bayesian reasoning in data analysis - A critical introduction", World Scientific Publishing 2003 1 DataData analysisanalysis inin particleparticle physicsphysics Aim of experimental particle physics is to find or build environments, able to test the theoretical models, e.g. Standard Model (SM). In particle physics we study the result of an interaction and measure several quantities for each produced particles (charge, momentum, energy …) e+ e- Tasks of the data analysis is: Measure (estimate) the parameters; Quantify the uncertainty of the parameter estimates; Test the extent to which the predictions of a theory are in agreement with the data. There are several sources of uncertainty: Theory is not deterministic (quantum mechanics) Random measurement fluctuations, even without quantum effects Errors due to nonfunctional instruments or procedures We can quantify the uncertainty using probability 2 DefinitionDefinition In probability theory, the probability P of some event A, denoted with P(A), is usually defined in such a way that P satisfies the Kolmogorov axioms: 1) The probability of an event is a non negative real number P ( A)≥0 ∀A∈S 2) The total (maximal) probability is one P(S )=1 3) If two events are pairwise disjoint, the probability of the two events is the sum of the two probabilities A∩B=∅ ⇒ P ( A∪B)=P ( A)+ P (B) From this axioms we can derive further properties: P( A)=1−P( A) P( A∪A)=1 P(∅)=0 A⊂B ⇒ P( A)≤P(B) P( A∪B)=P( A)+P(B)−P( A∩B) 3 Andrey Kolmogorov, 1933 ConditionalConditional probability,probability, independenceindependence An important concept to introduce is the conditional probability: probability of A, given B (with P(B)≠0).
    [Show full text]
  • On Characteristic Functions of Products of Two Random Variables
    The University of Manchester Research On Characteristic Functions of Products of Two Random Variables DOI: 10.1007/s11277-019-06462-3 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Jiang, X., & Nadarajah, S. (2019). On Characteristic Functions of Products of Two Random Variables. Wireless Personal Communications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06462-3 Published in: Wireless Personal Communications Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:26. Sep. 2021 On characteristic functions of products of two random variables by X. Jiang and S. Nadarajah School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK email: [email protected] Abstract: Motivated by a recent paper published in IEEE Signal Processing Letters, we study the distribution of the product of two independent random variables, one of them being the standard normal random variable and the other allowed to follow one of nearly fifty distributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions to Statistical Distribution Theory with Applications
    CONTRIBUTIONS TO STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION THEORY WITH APPLICATIONS A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science and Engineering 2018 By Xiao Jiang School of Mathematics Contents Abstract 10 Declaration 11 Copyright 12 Acknowledgements 13 1 Introduction 14 1.1 Aims . 14 1.2 Motivations and contributions . 15 2 Generalized hyperbolic distributions 17 2.1 Introduction . 17 2.2 The collection . 18 2.2.1 Generalized hyperbolic distribution . 19 2.2.2 Hyperbolic distribution . 20 2.2.3 Log hyperbolic distribution . 20 2.2.4 Normal inverse Gaussian distribution . 21 2.2.5 Variance gamma distribution . 21 2.2.6 Generalized inverse Gaussian distribution . 22 2 2.2.7 Student's t distribution . 23 2.2.8 Normal distribution . 23 2.2.9 GH skew Student's t distribution . 23 2.2.10 Mixture of GH distributions . 24 2.2.11 Geometric GH distribution . 24 2.2.12 Generalized generalized inverse Gaussian distribution . 24 2.2.13 Logarithmic generalized inverse Gaussian distribution . 25 2.2.14 Ψ2 hypergeometric generalized inverse Gaussian distribution . 25 2.2.15 Confluent hypergeometric generalized inverse Gaussian distribution . 26 2.2.16 Nakagami generalized inverse Gaussian distribution . 27 2.2.17 Generalized Nakagami generalized inverse Gaussian distribution . 28 2.2.18 Extended generalized inverse Gaussian distribution . 28 2.2.19 Exponential reciprocal generalized inverse Gaussian distribution . 29 2.2.20 Gamma generalized inverse Gaussian distribution . 29 2.2.21 Exponentiated generalized inverse Gaussian distribution . 30 2.3 Real data application . 31 2.4 Computer software . 32 3 Smallest Pareto order statistics 37 3.1 Introduction .
    [Show full text]
  • A User's Guide to the Roofittools Package for Unbinned Maximum
    BaBar Analysis Document #18, Version 12 A User’s Guide to the RooFitTools Package for Unbinned Maximum Likelihood Fitting John Back (QMW), Chih-Hsiang Cheng (Stanford), Ulrik Egede (RAL), David Kirkby∗(Stanford), Gerhard Raven (UC San Diego), Chris Roat (Stanford), Alessio Sarti (Rome), Marco Serra (Rome), Abi Soffer (Colorado State), Jan Stark (Paris), Max Turri (UC Santa Cruz), Wouter Verkerke (UC Santa Barbara), Cecilia Voena (Rome) June 21, 2001 Abstract This analysis document is a user’s guide to the RooFitTools package for per- forming unbinned maximum likelihood fits, and includes working examples and instructions on how to run them. RooFitTools is a library of C++ classes for creat- ing compact and self-documenting macros to perform unbinned likelihood fits and display the results, without needing to compile and link any code. The package provides a flexible framework for building complex fit models and is straightforward to extend. This note describes several examples which are included in the package to help new users get started. ∗primary contact 1 (New or recently modified sections are listed with underlined headings below.) Contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1BuildingtheLibrary.............................. 5 1.2 Running Interactively in ROOT ........................ 6 2 Defining Variables 7 2.1General-PurposeVariables........................... 8 2.2CategoryVariables............................... 9 2.3 Blind Analysis Variables ............................ 10 3 Reading Data 11 4 Defining a Fit Model 13 4.1ModelBuildingBlocks............................. 14 4.1.1 ExponentialDistribution........................ 15 4.1.2 Quadratic Exponential Distribution .................. 15 4.1.3 GaussianDistribution......................... 16 4.1.4 BifurcatedGaussianDistribution................... 16 4.1.5 PolynomialDistribution........................ 17 4.1.6 ChebychevPolynomialDistribution.................. 17 4.1.7 ArgusBackgroundDistribution.................... 17 4.1.8 Breit wigner Distribution .......................
    [Show full text]
  • On the Distribution Modeling of Heavy-Tailed Disk Failure Lifetime in Big Data Centers Suayb S
    1 On the Distribution Modeling of Heavy-Tailed Disk Failure Lifetime in Big Data Centers Suayb S. Arslan, Member, IEEE, and Engin Zeydan, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—It has become commonplace to observe frequent challenges facing a reliability analyst to overcome in order multiple disk failures in big data centers in which thousands to accurately predict the remaining lifetime of the storage of drives operate simultaneously. Disks are typically protected devices in their data center. One of them is the hardness by replication or erasure coding to guarantee a predetermined reliability. However, in order to optimize data protection, real of the prediction model which has to take into account the life disk failure trends need to be modeled appropriately. The correlated error scenarios [1]. This problem can be relieved classical approach to modeling is to estimate the probability by working on collected data where the correlation of failures density function of failures using non-parametric estimation would be captured by the data itself. On the other hand, techniques such as Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). However, due to the lack of knowledge about the underlying joint these techniques are suboptimal in the absence of the true underlying density function. Moreover, insufficient data may lead probability density function of failures, classical approaches to to overfitting. In this study, we propose to use a set of transfor- density estimation problem seems not to be directly applicable mations to the collected failure data for almost perfect regression (smoothing parameter is usually missing). in the transform domain. Then, by inverse transformation, we Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) is one of the most analytically estimated the failure density through the efficient commonly used technique for PDF estimation [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Measurement of $ CP $ Asymmetries and Polarisation Fractions in $ B S
    EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN) CERN-PH-EP-2015-058 LHCb-PAPER-2014-068 June 18, 2015 Measurement of CP asymmetries and polarisation fractions in 0 ∗0 ∗0 Bs ! K K decays The LHCb collaborationy Abstract 0 ∗0 ∗0 An angular analysis of the decay Bs ! K K is performed using pp collisions corre- sponding to an integrated luminosity of 1:0 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment at p a centre-of-mass energy s = 7 TeV. A combined angular and mass analysis separates six helicity amplitudes and allows the measurement of the longitudinal polarisation 0 ∗ 0 ∗ 0 fraction fL = 0:201 ± 0:057 (stat:) ± 0:040 (syst:) for the Bs ! K (892) K (892) ∗ ∗ decay. A large scalar contribution from the K0 (1430) and K0 (800) resonances is found, allowing the determination of additional CP asymmetries. Triple product and direct CP asymmetries are determined to be compatible with the Standard Model 0 ∗ 0 ∗ 0 expectations. The branching fraction B(Bs ! K (892) K (892) ) is measured to −6 be (10:8 ± 2:1 (stat:) ± 1:4 (syst:) ± 0:6 (fd=fs)) × 10 . arXiv:1503.05362v3 [hep-ex] 10 Aug 2015 Submitted to JHEP c CERN on behalf of the LHCb collaboration, license CC-BY-4.0. yAuthors are listed at the end of this paper. ii 1 Introduction 0 ∗0 ∗0 ¯ The Bs ! K K decay is mediated by a b ! sdd flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) transition, which in the Standard Model (SM) proceeds through loop diagrams at leading order. This decay has been discussed in the literature as a possible field for precision tests of the SM predictions, when it is considered in association with its U-spin symmetric channel B0 ! K∗0K∗0 [1{3].
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Rare B Meson Decays Related to the CKM Angle Beta at Babar
    SLAC-R-870 Study of Rare B Meson Decays Related to the CKM Angle Beta at BaBar Keith Ulmer SLAC-R-870 Prepared for the Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-76SF00515 Printed in the United States of America. Available from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. This document, and the material and data contained therein, was developed under sponsorship of the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the Department of Energy, nor the Leland Stanford Junior University, nor their employees, nor their respective contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes an warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability of responsibility for accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use will not infringe privately owned rights. Mention of any product, its manufacturer, or suppliers shall not, nor is it intended to, imply approval, disapproval, or fitness of any particular use. A royalty-free, nonexclusive right to use and disseminate same of whatsoever, is expressly reserved to the United States and the University. Study of Rare B Meson Decays Related to the CKM Angle β at BABAR by Keith Ulmer B.A., Amherst College, 2001 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Phyiscs 2007 SLAC-R-870 Work supported [in part] by U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 This thesis entitled: Study of Rare B Meson Decays Related to the CKM Angle β at BABAR written by Keith Ulmer has been approved for the Department of Phyiscs Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of the Polarization Amplitudes and CP Asymmetries in B 0 → Φ K*(892)0 at Lhcb
    Determination of the polarization amplitudes and CP asymmetries 0 0 in B → φ K*(892) at LHCb THÈSE NO 6725 (2015) PRÉSENTÉE LE 23 OCTOBRE 2015 À LA FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES DE BASE LABORATOIRE DE PHYSIQUE DES HAUTES ÉNERGIES 1 PROGRAMME DOCTORAL EN PHYSIQUE ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE POUR L'OBTENTION DU GRADE DE DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES PAR Anh Duc NGUYEN acceptée sur proposition du jury: Prof. V. Savona, président du jury Dr M. T. Tran, Prof. A. Bay, directeurs de thèse Dr G. Cowan, rapporteur Prof. M.-C. Nguyen, rapporteur Prof. M. Q. TRAN, rapporteur Suisse 2015 ii iii Abstract The LHCb experiment is one of the large experiments installed around the LHC collider. Its aim is the study of CP violation and rare b-hadrons decays. This thesis addresses these two objectives. CP violation was found in 1964 in the decays of neutral kaons by J. H. Christenson, J. W. Cronin, V. L. Fitch, and R. Turlay. It was reconfirmed in 2001 in B meson systems by BaBar and Belle experiments. CP violation can be explained in the Standard Model (SM) using the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix with three quark generations. 0 0 The B φK∗(892) is a rare flavour changing neutral decay which processes via the ! gluonic penguin diagram (b s transition). In SM, the predicted CP asymmetry is so ! small for this decay channel that any deviation from the SM value would signal \New Physics". 0 0 This decay is a pseudo-scalar (B ) decaying to vector mesons (φ and K∗(892) ) with spin-1.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Submitted to Mcgill University in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science
    A BABAR sensitivity study on the search for the invisible decay of J= in B± ! K∗± J= Racha Cheaib Physics Department Master of Science McGill University,Montreal September 9, 2011 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. c Racha Cheaib, 2011 Acknowledgements I am grateful to the BABAR collaboration, physicists and engineers, for the quality and precision of the BABAR detector and BABAR dataset. I would like to thank my supervisor, Steven Robertson, for his continuous help through all stages of this analysis. I also want to thank Dana Lindemann, Wissam Moussa, and other colleagues in the physics department for their valuable input. Also, special thanks to the Leptonic Analysis Working Group for their help and contribution. ii Abstract We present a sensitivity study on the search for J= νν in B± K∗± ! ! J= using data from the BABAR experiment at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The decay is highly suppressed in the Standard Model and thus is a possible window for new physics such as supersymmetry and dark matter. Hadronic tag reconstruction is employed for the analysis, where one B is fully reconstructed using hadronic decay modes. The remaining tracks and clusters are attributed to the signal B on which the B± K∗± J= cut-based signal ! selection is applied. The associated K∗ is allowed to decay via two modes, Mode 1: K∗± K0 π± and Mode 2: K∗± K± π0. The approach is to ! S ! reconstruct a K∗± candidate, the only signature in a signal event, and calculate the recoiling mass.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents The Ostap tutorials 1.1 Getting started 2.1 Values with uncertainties 2.1.1 Simple operations with histograms 2.1.2 Simple operations with trees 2.1.3 Persistency 2.1.4 More on histograms 2.2 Histogram parameterization 2.2.1 Using RooFit 3.1 Useful decorations 3.1.1 PDFs and the basic models 3.1.2 Signal models 3.1.2.1 Background models 3.1.2.2 Other models 3.1.2.3 2D-models 3.1.2.4 3D-models 3.1.2.5 Compound fit models 3.1.3 sPlot 3.1.4 Weighted fits 3.1.5 Constraints 3.1.6 Tools 3.2 TMVA 3.2.1 Chopping 3.2.2 Reweighting 3.2.3 PidCalib 3.2.4 Contributing 4.1 Download PDF 5.1 The Ostap tutorials Ostap is a set of extensions/decorators and utilities over the basic PyROOT ​ functionality (python wrapper for ROOT framework). These utilities greatly simplify the interactive manipulations with ROOT classes through python. The main ingredients of Ostap are preconfigured ipython script ostap , that can be invoked from the command line. decoration of the basic ROOT objects, like histograms, graphs etc. operations and operators iteration, element access, etc extended functionality decoration of many basic ROOT.RooFit objects set of new useful fit models, components and operations other useful analysis utilities Getting started The main ingredients of Ostap are preconfigured ipython script ostap , that can be invoked from the command line. ostap Challenge Invoke the script with -h option to get the whole list of all command line options and keys Optionally one can specify the list of python files to be executed before appearance
    [Show full text]