People's Republic Of

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

People's Republic Of Kalmykia (Russia) In 1945 there were 71 Tatarstan (Russia) sovereign nations. In Mordovia (Russia) Bashkortostan (Russia) 2010, due to the dissolution Udmurtia (Russia) of European colonial empires Idel-Ural/Udmurtia (Russia) and the fracturing of the USSR, Basque Country (France, Spain) Chuvashia/Idel-Ural (Russia) Brittany (France) there were 206. This map Lezghins (Azerbaijan, Russia, others) County of Nice (France) Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (Azerbaijan) seeks to list and locate current Savoy (France) Republic of Talysh-Mughan (Azerbaijan) Alsace (France) independence movements. It Aosta Valley (Italy) Komi Rep (Russia) Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Normandy (France) Lombardy (Italy) Siberian Rep (Russia) Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (Bosnia and Herzegovina) focuses on peoples and areas Occitania (France, Monaco, Italy) seeking sovereignty and self- Padania (Italy) Altai Rep (Russia) AP Western Bosnia (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Insubria (Italy) Khakassia (Russia) determination rather than Scotland / Berwick-upon-Tweed (UK) Bay of Kotor (Montenegro) Cornwall + Isles of Scilly (UK) Trentino (Italy) Tuva (Russia) Albanians of Montenegro (Montenegro) autonomy within a larger state. England (UK) Republic of Venice (Italy) Buryatia (Russia) Herceg Novi (Montenegro) The motivations of the peoples Isle of Wight (UK) Emilia-Romagna (Italy) Prussia (Russia) United States of N Asia (Russia) Liguria (Italy) Sakha Rep (Russia) converge around cultural, Mercia [Midlands] (UK) Adygea (Russia) Yorkshire (UK) Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy) Karelia (Russia) ethnic, religious, linguistic, racial Basque Country (Spain) Umbria (Italy) Vojvodina (Serbia) Ulster (UK) Gagauzia (Moldova) Khorazm (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) Republic of Catalonia (Spain) South Tyrol (Italy) Northern Vojvodina (Serbia) and historical forces. There are Ireland (UK) Transnistria (Moldova) Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan) Val d'Aran/Occitania (Spain) Southern Italy (Italy) Sandžak (Serbia, Montenegro) no doubt errors and omissions Northern Isles (UK) Chechen Rep of Ichkeria (Russia) Valencian Community (Spain) Preševo Valley (Serbia) Assyria [Christian] (Iraq) Wales (UK) Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia) here, but we might look forward Aragon (Spain) Republic of Kosovo (Serbia) Salahuddin (Iraq) Galician Republic (Spain) Guernsey (UK) North Ossetia-Alania (Russia) Diyala (Iraq) to an additional 300 counties Crimea (Ukraine) Andalusia (Spain) Jersey (UK) Ingushetia (Russia) Turkmeneli (Iraq) Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukraine) in the future, in addition Socialist Republic of Asturias (Spain) Isle of Man (UK) Dagestan (Russia) Free Republic of Syria (Syria) United Badakhshan Peoples Republic (Tajikistan) to considerable tribal strife. Cantabria (Spain) Chameria (Greece) Circassia (Russia) Alemannic Separatism (Germany, France and Austria) Alawite State (Syria) Badakhshan Peoples Rep (Afghanistan) Castile and León (Spain) Illyrida (Macedonia) Caucasian Emirate (Russia) Flanders (Belgium) Ingria (Russia) Druze State (Syria) Hazaristan (Afghanistan) Alawitestan (Syria) Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft (Belgium) Upper Silesia (Poland) Moravia (Czech Republic) Jabal Al-Druze (Syria) Balochistan (Pakistan) Wallonia (Belgium, France, Germany) Latgale (Latvia) South Azerbaijan (Iran) Rep of Abkhazia (Georgia) South Turkmenistan (Iran) Rep. of Gilgit Baltistan (Pakistan) Quebec (Canada) Bavaria (Germany) Samogitia (Lithuania) Rep of South Ossetia (Georgia) Gilakistan (Iran) Pukhtunistan (Pakistan) Sindhudesh (Pakistan) Saskatchewan (Canada) Frisia (Germany, Netherlands) Székely Land (Romania) Javakhk Autonomous Entity (Georgia) Al-Ahwaz (Iran) Islamic Emirate of Waziristan (Pakistan) Alberta (Canada) Sápmi (Sweden, Norway, Finland)) Kurdistan (Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran) Luristan (Iran) Bornholm (Denmark) . Mazandaranistan (Iran) Western Canada (Canada) Faroe Islands (Denmark) Scania (Sweden) Far Eastern Rep (Russia) Qashqaistan (Iran) Cascadia (W Canada, NE US) Greenland (Denmark) Åland (Finland) Balochistan (Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan) Republic of Mongol (China) N. Arabia (Saudi Arabia) Alaska (USA) Manchukuo (China) Western Arabia (Saudi Arabia) Tibetan Empire (China) S. Arabia (Saudi Arabia) State of Judea (Israel) Wahhabistan (Saudi Arabia) People's Republic of the North Star (USA) State of Palestine (Israel) Federal Republic of Uyghurstan (China) Yi Autonomous Region [LoLo] (China) E. Arabia (Saudi Arabia) Free State Wyoming (USA) Jura (Switzerland) American Redoubt [ID, MO, WY] (USA) Hong Kong (China) Hindu Rep of Bangabhumi (Bangladesh) Free State New Hampshire (USA) Republic of Taiwan (China/Taiwan) Banga Sena (Bangladesh) Vermont Republic (USA) Corsica (France) Republic of Ezo (Japan) Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bangladesh) Nation of Hawaiʻi (USA) Republic of Lakotah (USA) Azores (Portugal) Sardinia (Italy) Republic of the Ryūkyūs (Japan) Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti (Bangladesh) Balearic Islands (Spain) Republic of New Afrika (USA) Republic of Madheshstan (Nepal) Madeira (Portugal) Gibraltar (UK) Confederate States of America (USA) Hmong ChaoFa Federated State (Laos) Rakhine State [Arakan] (Myanmar) Aztlán (USA) Sicilia (Italy) Turkish Rep of N Cyprus (Cyprus) Arunachal Pradesh (India, Assam) Republic of Zo Asia (Myanmar) Republic of Texas (USA) Assam / Bodoland (India) Kachinland (Myanmar) Canary Islands (Spain) Republic of Kawthoolei (Myanmar) Martinique (France) Independent United States of Kashmir (India) Sahrawi Arab Dem Rep (Morocco) United Karenni Independent States (Myanmar) Nevis [St. Kitts and Nevis] (France) Kabyle (Algeria) Republic of Manipur (India) Chiapas (Mexico) Kukiland (Myanmar) Anguilla (UK) Cyrenaica (Libya) Khalistan (India) Mon State (Myanmar) Bermuda (UK) Toubouland (Libya) Zozam (India) Northern Mariana Islands (USA) Moskitia (Nicaragua, Honduras) N Arakan State, Arakan Federation (Myanmar) British Virgin Islands (UK) Tripolitania (Libya) Guam (USA) Federated Shan States (Myanmar) Cayman Islands (UK) Guanacaste (Costa Rica) Coptic Pharaonic Rep (Egypt) Bangasamoro (Philippines) Dhofar (Oman) Wa State (Myanmar) Montserrat (UK) Rep of Ababda (Egypt) Bangsamoro Republik (Philippines) Sovereign State of Zulia (Venezuela) Federated State of Zomi Asia (Myanmar) Bermuda (UK) Rep of Nubia (Egypt) Aden (Yemen) Tamil Eelam [inactive] (Sri Lanka) Pattani (Thailand, Malaysia) Peoples Republic of Nagaland (Myanmar, Assam, India) Turks and Caicos Islands (UK) Raizals of Archipelago of San Andrés (Colombia) South Yemen (Yemen) Greater Patani State (Thailand) Casamance (Senegal) Federated State of Zomi Asia (Myanmar, India) Puerto Rico (USA) Rep of Jubaland (Somalia) Tây Nguyên (Vietnam) US Virgin Islands (USA) Bioko (Equatorial Guinea) French Guiana (France) Maakhir (Somalia) Banaba Island (Kiribati) Azawad (Mali) St. Helena (UK) Puntland (Somalia) East Malaysia (Malaysia) N Regions (Ivory Coast) Rep of Somaliland (Somalia) Rep of Sarawak (Malaysia) West Papua (Indonesia) Republic of Arequipa (Peru) Agadez Dept (Niger) State of SW Somalia (Somalia) Kalimantan Borneo (Indonesia) Riau (Indonesia) N'Makiaute (Vanuatu) Biafra (Nigeria) Republik Maluku Selatan (Indonesia) Federation Na Griamel (Vanuatu) Democratic Rep of Bakassi (Nigeria) Zanzibar (Tanzania) Republic of Santa Cruz (Bolivia) French Polynesia (France) Igbo (Nigeria) Bougainville (Papua New Guinea) Anjouan (Comoros) American Samoa (USA) Arewa Rep (Nigeria) Mohéli / Mwali (Comoros) Pitcairn (UK) Rapa Nui (Chile) Rotuma (Fiji) Niger Delta Rep (Nigeria) Rodrigues Island (Mauritius) Mapuche Nation (Argentina, Chile) Ogoni (Nigeria) Réunion (France) New Caledonia (France) Oduduwa Rep of the Yorubas (Nigeria) Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea (Australia) República do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) Republic of Ambazonia (Cameroon) Islamic State of Afaria (Ethiopia) República Riograndense (Brazil) Bakassi (Cameroon) Gambela Region (Ethiopia) Aboriginal Sovereignty (Australia) United States of Northeast (Brazil) Republic of Ogadenia (Ethiopia) Southern Cameroons (Cameroon) Murrawarri Republic (Australia) Republic of São Paulo (Brazil) Republic of Oromia (Ethiopia) Bas-Congo (Dem Rep of Congo) Independent Rep of Tigray (Ethiopia) Western Australia (Australia) Katanga (Demo Rep of Congo) Mombasa Rep (Kenya) Darfur (Sudan) Cabinda (Angola) Eastern Sudan (Sudan) South Island (New Zealand) Lunda Tchokwe Territory (Angola) Kordofan (Sudan) Māori people (New Zealand) ephemera14 / people's republic of... Cape Republic (South Africa) Republic of Nubia (Sudan, Egypt) loren madsen, 2014 Falkland Islands (UK) KwaZulu (South Africa) Nuerland (South Sudan) source:Wikipededia, Volkstaat/Transvaal (South Africa) Beja (Sudan, Eritrea, Egypt) Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (unpo.org) Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa) Batwaland (Rwanda) Thembuland (South Africa Buganda (Uganda) Barotseland (Zambia) Matabeleland (Zimbabwe).
Recommended publications
  • Co-Opting Identity: the Manipulation of Berberism, the Frustration of Democratisation, and the Generation of Violence in Algeria Hugh Roberts DESTIN, LSE
    1 crisis states programme development research centre www Working Paper no.7 CO-OPTING IDENTITY: THE MANIPULATION OF BERBERISM, THE FRUSTRATION OF DEMOCRATISATION AND THE GENERATION OF VIOLENCE IN LGERIA A Hugh Roberts Development Research Centre LSE December 2001 Copyright © Hugh Roberts, 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce any part of this Working Paper should be sent to: The Editor, Crisis States Programme, Development Research Centre, DESTIN, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE. Crisis States Programme Working papers series no.1 English version: Spanish version: ISSN 1740-5807 (print) ISSN 1740-5823 (print) ISSN 1740-5815 (on-line) ISSN 1740-5831 (on-line) 1 Crisis States Programme Co-opting Identity: The manipulation of Berberism, the frustration of democratisation, and the generation of violence in Algeria Hugh Roberts DESTIN, LSE Acknowledgements This working paper is a revised and extended version of a paper originally entitled ‘Much Ado about Identity: the political manipulation of Berberism and the crisis of the Algerian state, 1980-1992’ presented to a seminar on Cultural Identity and Politics organized by the Department of Political Science and the Institute for International Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, in April 1996. Subsequent versions of the paper were presented to a conference on North Africa at Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, under the title 'Berber politics and Berberist ideology in Algeria', in April 1998 and to a staff seminar of the Government Department at the London School of Economics, under the title ‘Co-opting identity: the political manipulation of Berberism and the frustration of democratisation in Algeria’, in February 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding African Armies
    REPORT Nº 27 — April 2016 Understanding African armies RAPPORTEURS David Chuter Florence Gaub WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM Taynja Abdel Baghy, Aline Leboeuf, José Luengo-Cabrera, Jérôme Spinoza Reports European Union Institute for Security Studies EU Institute for Security Studies 100, avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris http://www.iss.europa.eu Director: Antonio Missiroli © EU Institute for Security Studies, 2016. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. Print ISBN 978-92-9198-482-4 ISSN 1830-9747 doi:10.2815/97283 QN-AF-16-003-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9198-483-1 ISSN 2363-264X doi:10.2815/088701 QN-AF-16-003-EN-N Published by the EU Institute for Security Studies and printed in France by Jouve. Graphic design by Metropolis, Lisbon. Maps: Léonie Schlosser; António Dias (Metropolis). Cover photograph: Kenyan army soldier Nicholas Munyanya. Credit: Ben Curtis/AP/SIPA CONTENTS Foreword 5 Antonio Missiroli I. Introduction: history and origins 9 II. The business of war: capacities and conflicts 15 III. The business of politics: coups and people 25 IV. Current and future challenges 37 V. Food for thought 41 Annexes 45 Tables 46 List of references 65 Abbreviations 69 Notes on the contributors 71 ISSReportNo.27 List of maps Figure 1: Peace missions in Africa 8 Figure 2: Independence of African States 11 Figure 3: Overview of countries and their armed forces 14 Figure 4: A history of external influences in Africa 17 Figure 5: Armed conflicts involving African armies 20 Figure 6: Global peace index 22 Figure
    [Show full text]
  • THE VEPSIAN ECOLOGY CHALLENGES an INTERNATIONAL PARADIGM Metaphors of Language Laura Siragusa University of Tartu
    ESUKA – JEFUL 2015, 6–1: 111–137 METAPHORS OF LANGUAGE: THE VEPSIAN ECOLOGY CHALLENGES AN INTERNATIONAL PARADIGM Metaphors of language Laura Siragusa University of Tartu Abstract. At present Veps, a Finno-Ugric minority in north-western Russia, live in three different administrative regions, i.e., the Republic of Karelia, and the Leningrad and Vologda Oblasts. Due to several socio-economic and political factors Veps have experienced a drastic change in their communicative practices and ways of speaking in the last century. Indeed, Vepsian heritage language is now classifi ed as severely endangered by UNESCO. Since perestroika a group of Vepsian activists working in Petrozavodsk (Republic of Karelia) has been promoting Vepsian language and culture. This paper aims to challenge an international rhetoric around language endangerment and language death through an analysis of Vepsian language ecology and revitalisation. Vepsian ontologies and communicative practices do not always match detached meta- phors of language, which view them as separate entities and often in competition with each other. The efforts to promote the language and how these are discussed among the policy-makers and Vepsian activists also do not concur with such a drastic terminology as death and endangerment. Therefore, this paper aims to bring to the surface local ontologies and worldviews in order to query the paradigms around language shift and language death that dominate worldwide academic and political discourse. Keywords: Vepsian, language endangerment, death and revival, metaphor of a language, heritage language, ways of speaking, communicative practices DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2015.6.1.07 1. Introduction Veps, a Finno-Ugric minority in the Russian Federation, live in three different administrative regions of north-western Russia (namely, the Republic of Karelia, and the Leningrad and Vologda Oblasts) (Strogal’ščikova 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Working Against Racism from White Subject Positions: White Anti-Racism, New Abolitionism & Intersectional Anti-White Irish Diasporic Nationalism
    Working Against Racism from White Subject Positions: White Anti-Racism, New Abolitionism & Intersectional Anti-White Irish Diasporic Nationalism By Matthew W. Horton A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education and the Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Dr. Na’ilah Nasir, Chair Dr. Daniel Perlstein Dr. Keith Feldman Summer 2019 Working Against Racism from White Subject Positions Matthew W. Horton 2019 ABSTRACT Working Against Racism from White Subject Positions: White Anti-Racism, New Abolitionism & Intersectional Anti-White Irish Diasporic Nationalism by Matthew W. Horton Doctor of Philosophy in Education and the Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory University of California, Berkeley Professor Na’ilah Nasir, Chair This dissertation is an intervention into Critical Whiteness Studies, an ‘additional movement’ to Ethnic Studies and Critical Race Theory. It systematically analyzes key contradictions in working against racism from a white subject positions under post-Civil Rights Movement liberal color-blind white hegemony and "Black Power" counter-hegemony through a critical assessment of two major competing projects in theory and practice: white anti-racism [Part 1] and New Abolitionism [Part 2]. I argue that while white anti-racism is eminently practical, its efforts to hegemonically rearticulate white are overly optimistic, tend toward renaturalizing whiteness, and are problematically dependent on collaboration with people of color. I further argue that while New Abolitionism has popularized and advanced an alternative approach to whiteness which understands whiteness as ‘nothing but oppressive and false’ and seeks to ‘abolish the white race’, its ultimately class-centered conceptualization of race and idealization of militant nonconformity has failed to realize effective practice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of the Caucasus After the Second Chechen War
    CEPS Working Document No. 148 The Future of the Caucasus after the Second Chechen War Papers from a Brainstorming Conference held at CEPS 27-28 January 2000 Edited by Michael Emerson and Nathalie Tocci July 2000 A Short Introduction to the Chechen Problem Alexandru Liono1 Abstract The problems surrounding the Chechen conflict are indeed many and difficult to tackle. This paper aims at unveiling some of the mysteries covering the issue of so-called “Islamic fundamentalism” in Chechnya. A comparison of the native Sufi branch of Islam and the imported Wahhaby ideology is made, in order to discover the contradictions and the conflicts that the spreading of the latter inflicted in the Chechen society. Furthermore, the paper investigates the main challenges President Aslan Maskhadov was facing at the beginning of his mandate, and the way he managed to cope with them. The paper does not attempt to cover all the aspects of the Chechen problem; nevertheless, a quick enumeration of other factors influencing the developments in Chechnya in the past three years is made. 1 Research assistant Danish Institute of International Affairs (DUPI) 1 1. Introduction To address the issues of stability in North Caucasus in general and in Chechnya in particular is a difficult task. The factors that have contributed to the start of the first and of the second armed conflicts in Chechnya are indeed many. History, politics, economy, traditions, religion, all of them contributed to a certain extent to the launch of what began as an anti-terrorist operation and became a full scale armed conflict. The narrow framework of this presentation does not allow for an exhaustive analysis of the Russian- Chechen relations and of the permanent tensions that existed there during the known history of that part of North Caucasus.
    [Show full text]
  • Chameria History - Geographical Space and Albanian Time’
    Conference Chameria Issue: International Perspectives and Insights for a Peaceful Resolution Kean University New Jersey USA Saturday, November 12th, 2011 Paper by Professor James Pettifer (Oxford, UK) ‘CHAMERIA HISTORY - GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE AND ALBANIAN TIME’ ‘For more than two centuries, the Ottoman Empire, once so formidable was gradually sinking into a state of decrepitude. Unsuccessful wars, and, in a still greater degree, misgovernment and internal commotions were the causes of its decline.’ - Richard Alfred Davenport,’ The Life of Ali Pasha Tepelena, Vizier of Epirus’i. On the wall in front of us is a map of north-west Greece that was made by a French military geographer, Lapie, and published in Paris in 1821, although it was probably in use in the French navy for some years before that. Lapie was at the forefront of technical innovation in cartography in his time, and had studied in Switzerland, the most advanced country for cartographic science in the late eighteenth century. It is likely that it was made for military use in the Napoleonic period wars against the British. Its very existence is a product of British- French national rivalry in the Adriatic in that period. Modern cartography had many of its roots in the Napoleonic Wars period and immediately before in the Eastern Mediterranean, when intense naval competition between the British and French for control of these waters led to major scientific advances. In turn, in the eighteenth century, similar progress had been made in both countries as a result of earlier wars in the Atlantic. This map is titled ‘Chameria/Thesprotia’, and so at that time it is clear that the two traditional names for the region, Albanian and Greek, were both in common use then, not only locally but by the often classically-educated officers of a European Great Power.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglophone Cameroon Crisis: by Jon Lunn and Louisa Brooke-Holland April 2019 Update
    BRIEFING PAPER Number 8331, 17 April 2019 The Anglophone Cameroon crisis: By Jon Lunn and Louisa April 2019 update Brooke-Holland Contents: 1. Overview 2. History and its legacies 3. 2015-17: main developments 4. 2018: main developments 5. Events during 2019 and future prospects 6. Response of Western governments and the UN www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary 2 The Anglophone Cameroon crisis: April 2019 update Contents Summary 3 1. History and its legacies 5 2. 2015-17: main developments 8 3. 2018: main developments 10 4. Events during 2019 and future prospects 12 5. Response of Western governments and the UN 13 Cover page image copyright: Image 5584098178_709d889580_o – Welcome signs to Santa, gateway to the anglophone Northwest Region, Cameroon, March 2011 by Joel Abroad – Flickr.com page. Licensed by Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)/ image cropped. 3 Commons Library Briefing, 17 April 2019 Summary Relations between the two Anglophone regions of Cameroon and the country’s dominant Francophone elite have long been fraught. Over the past three years, tensions have escalated seriously and since October 2017 violent conflict has erupted between armed separatist groups and the security forces, with both sides being accused of committing human rights abuses. The tensions originate in a complex and contested decolonisation process in the late-1950s and early-1960s, in which Britain, as one of the colonial powers, was heavily involved. Federal arrangements were scrapped in 1972 by a Francophone- dominated central government. Many English-speaking Cameroonians have long complained that they are politically, economically and linguistically marginalised.
    [Show full text]
  • NATO and Earth Scientists: an Ongoing Collaboration to Assess Geohazards and Contribute to Societal Security in Central Asia and the Caucasus
    Article 193 by Alessandro Tibaldi1*, Andrey M. Korzhenkov2, Federico Pasquarè Mariotto3, Derek Rust4, and Nino Tsereteli5 NATO and earth scientists: an ongoing collaboration to assess geohazards and contribute to societal security in Central Asia and the Caucasus 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P. della Scienza 4, 20126 Milan, Italy; *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] 2 Laboratory of modelling of seismic processes, Institute of Communication and Information Technologies, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Kievskaya str. 44, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyz Republic 3 Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Mazzini 5, 21100 Varese, Italy 4 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Barnaby Building, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK 5 M. Nodia Institute of Geophysics, M. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 1, Alexidze str. 0171 T, Georgia (Received: July 18, 2017; Revised accepted: February 26, 2018) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018011 Geological features and hazards have no geographical and political boundaries. The North Atlantic Treaty Introduction Organization (NATO) has been funding several interna- tional Earth Science research projects in Central Asia Several areas on Earth are subject to natural hazards that threaten and the Caucasus over the last ten years. The projects are human life, settlements and infrastructures. One of the natural haz- ards that may severely affect local areas and communities is an earth- aimed at improving the security of people and the safety quake, as seen, for instance, in the recent sequence of seismic events of infrastructures, and fostering peaceful scientific col- that struck the Caucasus: the 1988 earthquake in Spitak, Armenia laboration between scientists from NATO and non-NATO (Griffin et al., 1991), the 1991 and 2009 Racha (Georgia) earthquakes countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Repositioning of the Global Epicentre of Non-Optimal Cholesterol
    Article Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)* Received: 18 October 2019 Accepted: 2 April 2020 High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western 1,2 Published online: 3 June 2020 countries . However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering Open access medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of Check for updates high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk— changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Travel Risk Summaries
    COUNTRY RISK SUMMARIES Powered by FocusPoint International, Inc. Report for Week Ending September 19, 2021 Latest Updates: Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, India, Israel, Mali, Mexico, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine and Yemen. ▪ Afghanistan: On September 14, thousands held a protest in Kandahar during afternoon hours local time to denounce a Taliban decision to evict residents in Firqa area. No further details were immediately available. ▪ Burkina Faso: On September 13, at least four people were killed and several others ijured after suspected Islamist militants ambushed a gendarme patrol escorting mining workers between Sakoani and Matiacoali in Est Region. Several gendarmes were missing following the attack. ▪ Cameroon: On September 14, at least seven soldiers were killed in clashes with separatist fighters in kikaikelaki, Northwest region. Another two soldiers were killed in an ambush in Chounghi on September 11. ▪ India: On September 16, at least six people were killed, including one each in Kendrapara and Subarnapur districts, and around 20,522 others evacuated, while 7,500 houses were damaged across Odisha state over the last three days, due to floods triggered by heavy rainfall. Disaster teams were sent to Balasore, Bhadrak and Kendrapara districts. Further floods were expected along the Mahanadi River and its tributaries. ▪ Israel: On September 13, at least two people were injured after being stabbed near Jerusalem Central Bus Station during afternoon hours local time. No further details were immediately available, but the assailant was shot dead by security forces. ▪ Mali: On September 13, at least five government soldiers and three Islamist militants were killed in clashes near Manidje in Kolongo commune, Macina cercle, Segou region, during morning hours local time.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Lands of the Romanovs: an Annotated Bibliography of First-Hand English-Language Accounts of the Russian Empire
    ANTHONY CROSS In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of The Russian Empire (1613-1917) OpenBook Publishers To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/268 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917) Anthony Cross http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2014 Anthony Cross The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt it and to make commercial use of it providing that attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Cross, Anthony, In the Land of the Romanovs: An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917), Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0042 Please see the list of illustrations for attribution relating to individual images. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omissions or errors will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. As for the rights of the images from Wikimedia Commons, please refer to the Wikimedia website (for each image, the link to the relevant page can be found in the list of illustrations).
    [Show full text]
  • National Identity and Post-Colonial Development: Dictatorial Zimbabwe and Democratic Republic of South Africa Master's Thesis
    National Identity and Post-Colonial Development: Dictatorial Zimbabwe and Democratic Republic of South Africa Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Global Studies Chandler Rosenberger, Advisor Jasmine Waddell, Advisor Richard Parmentier, Chairman In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master’s Degree By Andrea Cohen August, 2011 Copyright by Andrea Cohen © 2011 Dedication I would like to dedicate this piece of work to my parents, Fran and Les Cohen. Their hard work and endless support has allowed me to take up any opportunity that comes my way, including my desire to earn a Master’s degree. My Dad has shown me through example the importance of a strong work ethic. His quotes comparing hard work to sports always hang above my desk. Both my parent’s high regard for the needs of others has in part inspired me with a passion to better the lives of those who live in poverty, fear and oppression. I am eternally grateful for their enduring love, guidance, support. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my graduate advisers for their role in my education and for their guidance and support throughout the process. Professors Jasmine Waddell and Chandler Rosenberger’s intellect always inspired me to keep learning, think harder, and dig deeper. I cannot possibly thank Professor Waddell enough for her enduring support throughout the writing process. Each conversation with her left me feeling renewed, validated, and ready to tackle the challenge ahead. Professor Rosenberger always pushed me to achieve the perfection he knew I was capable of, and for that I am thankful to him.
    [Show full text]