CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT for ESTONIA 2017 – 1 of 77 –
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Centralized National Risk Assessment for Estonia FSC-CNRA-EE V1-0 EN FSC-CNRA-EE V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ESTONIA 2017 – 1 of 77 – Title: Centralized National Risk Assessment for Estonia Document reference FSC-CNRA-EE V1-0 EN code: Approval body: FSC International Center: Policy and Standards Unit Date of approval: 20 September 2017 Contact for comments: FSC International Center - Policy and Standards Unit - Charles-de-Gaulle-Str. 5 53113 Bonn, Germany +49-(0)228-36766-0 +49-(0)228-36766-30 [email protected] © 2017 Forest Stewardship Council, A.C. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the publisher’s copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, recording taping, or information retrieval systems) without the written permission of the publisher. Printed copies of this document are for reference only. Please refer to the electronic copy on the FSC website (ic.fsc.org) to ensure you are referring to the latest version. The Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC) is an independent, not for profit, non- government organization established to support environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world’s forests. FSC’s vision is that the world’s forests meet the social, ecological, and economic rights and needs of the present generation without compromising those of future generations. FSC-CNRA-EE V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ESTONIA 2017 – 2 of 77 – Contents Risk assessments that have been finalized for Estonia ............................................. 4 Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Estonia....................................... 5 Risk assessments ..................................................................................................... 6 Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood ........................................... 6 Overview ........................................................................................................... 6 Sources of legal timber in Estonia ..................................................................... 7 Risk assessment ............................................................................................... 7 Recommended control measures .................................................................... 30 Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights ................................................................................................................... 31 Risk assessment ............................................................................................. 31 Recommended control measures .................................................................... 31 Detailed analysis ............................................................................................. 32 Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests in which high conservation values are threatened by management activities ............................................................ 62 Experts consulted ............................................................................................ 62 Risk assessment ............................................................................................. 63 Recommended control measures .................................................................... 71 Information sources ......................................................................................... 71 Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use ..................................................................................................... 73 Risk assessment ............................................................................................. 73 Recommended control measures .................................................................... 75 Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted .......................................................................................................... 76 Risk assessment ............................................................................................. 76 Recommended control measures .................................................................... 77 FSC-CNRA-EE V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ESTONIA 2017 – 3 of 77 – Risk assessments that have been finalized for Estonia Risk assessment Controlled Wood categories completed? 1 Illegally harvested wood YES 2 Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights YES Wood from forests where high conservation values are 3 YES threatened by management activities Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non- 4 YES forest use Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are 5 YES planted FSC-CNRA-EE V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ESTONIA 2017 – 4 of 77 – Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Estonia Indicator Risk designation (including functional scale when relevant) Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood 1.1 Low risk 1.2 N/A 1.3 Low risk 1.4 Low risk 1.5 N/A 1.6 Low risk 1.7 Low risk 1.8 Low risk 1.9 Low risk 1.10 Low risk 1.11 Low risk 1.12 Low risk 1.13 Low risk 1.14 Low risk 1.15 N/A 1.16 Low risk 1.17 Low risk 1.18 Low risk 1.19 Low risk 1.20 N/A 1.21 Low risk Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights 2.1 Low risk 2.2 Specified risk 2.3 Low risk Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests where high conservation values are threatened by management activities 3.0 Low risk 3.1 Low risk 3.2 Low risk 3.3 Specified risk 3.4 Low risk 3.5 Low risk 3.6 Specified risk Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use 4.1 Low risk Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted 5.1 Low risk FSC-CNRA-EE V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ESTONIA 2017 – 5 of 77 – Risk assessments Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood Overview The forest is defined in the Forest Act. There are three main forest categories: commercial forest, protection forest, and protected forests. There are private forests, municipality forests and state owned forests. State owned forests are managed by the State Forest Management Centre. Since the state owned forest is FSC and PEFC certified the risk level is considered low in there forests. In private owned forests and municipality forests there are risks related to the health and safety and payment of VAT. Overall the situation is more or less similar in private, municipality and state forests since in all of them most of the activities are done by private companies. In case of state forest the control over different activities is much better and in case of any violations the corrective action are done much quicker. For felling the forest it is required that there is valid forest inventory or forest management plan available and also a felling permit issued by the Environmental Board. The Forest Act does not apply for the separate forest areas smaller than 0, 5 hectare. It is allowed to cut up to 20 cubic meters of timber per forest management unit (FMU) without the felling permit. In case forest owner want to cut forest more than 20 cubic meters per FMU he/she must fill a felling permit and sent it to the Environmental board for approval. It can be done on paper or electronically. After approval by the Environmental Board the felling permit is valid for 12 months. All issued felling permits and also forest inventory data is available in a public forest registry. The Environmental Inspectorate is responsible for controlling fulfillment of the requirements stated in the Forest Act. FSC-CNRA-EE V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ESTONIA 2017 – 6 of 77 – Sources of legal timber in Estonia Main license requirements (forest Forest classification type Permit/license type management plan, harvest plan or Clarification similar?) State forest Felling permit and waybill Forest inventory data required Management plan/ harvest plans. State Forest Management (compulsory for transport) Centre has digital database about the forest inventory data and plans for fellings. State Forest is FSC and PEFC certified and controlled every year. Private owned (both Felling permit and waybill Forest inventory data required Management plan (printout on paper with statistics, maps companies and private (compulsory for transport) etc.) is not compulsory in Estonia but there has to be valid owners) and municipality forest inventory data. The specified risk is related to health owned forests (there risk level and safety and payment of VAT. is considered same for these forests) Risk assessment Applicable laws and regulations, legal Sources of Indicator Authority, & Risk designation and determination Information legally required documents or records Legal rights to harvest 1.1 Land Applicable laws and regulations Riigi Teataja Low risk tenure and (www.riigiteata Law of Property Act (Asjaõigusseadus. Vastu In Estonia, the property registration process is regulated by the laws and regulations management ja.ee) võetud 09.06.1993, RT I 1993, 39, 590, jõustumine mentioned in the column of applicable laws and legislation. rights 01.12.1993) Part 1 - General, part 2 - Possession Maa-amet and land register, part 3 - Ownership, part 4 – Tenure rights can be registered