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Composition of the Wood Oils of Calocedrus Macrolepis, Calocedrus
American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products 2013; 1 (1): 28-33 ISSN XXXXX Composition of the wood oils of Calocedrus AJEONP 2013; 1 (1): 28-33 © 2013 AkiNik Publications macrolepis, Calocedrus rupestris and Received 16-7-2013 Cupressus tonkinensis (Cupressaceae) from Accepted: 20-8-2013 Vietnam Do N. Dai Do N. Dai, Tran D. Thang, Tran H. Thai, Bui V. Thanh, Isiaka A. Ogunwande Faculty of Biology, Vinh University, 182-Le Duan, Vihn City, Nghean ABSTRACT Province, Vietnam. E-mail: [email protected] In the present investigation we studied the essential oil contents and compositions of three individual plants from Cupressaceae family cultivated in Vietnam. The air-dried plants were hydrodistilled and Tran D. Thang the oils analysed by GC and GC-MS. The components were identified by MS libraries and their RIs. Faculty of Biology, Vinh University, The wood essential oil of Calocedrus rupestris Aver, H.T. Nguyen et L.K. Phan., afforded oil whose 182-Le Duan, Vihn City, Nghean major compounds were sesquiterpenes represented mainly by α-cedrol (31.1%) and thujopsene Province, Vietnam. E-mail: [email protected] (15.2%). In contrast, monoterpene compounds mainly α-terpineol (11.6%) and myrtenal (10.6%) occurred in Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz. The wood of Cupressus tonkinensis Silba afforded oil Tran H. Thai whose major compounds were also the monoterpenes namely sabinene (22.3%), -pinene (15.2%) Institute of Ecology and Biological and terpinen-4-ol (15.5%). The chemotaxonomic implication of the present results was also Resources, Vietnam Academy of discussed. Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Keywords: Calocedrus macrolepis; Calocedrus rupestris; α-cedrol; Cupressus tonkinensis; Essential oil Vietnam. -
Monitoring the Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from the Leaves of Calocedrus Macrolepis Var
J Wood Sci (2010) 56:140–147 © The Japan Wood Research Society 2009 DOI 10.1007/s10086-009-1071-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ying-Ju Chen · Sen-Sung Cheng · Shang-Tzen Chang Monitoring the emission of volatile organic compounds from the leaves of Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana using solid-phase micro-extraction Received: June 10, 2009 / Accepted: August 17, 2009 / Published online: November 25, 2009 Abstract In this study, solid-phase micro-extraction through secondary metabolism in the process of growth and (SPME) fi bers coated with polydimethylsiloxane/divinyl- development. The terpenes derived from isoprenoids con- benzene (PDMS/DVB), coupled with gas chromatography/ stitute the largest class of secondary products, and they are mass spectrometry, were used to monitor the emission pat- also the most important precursors for phytoncides in forest terns of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) materials. Phytoncides are volatile organic compounds from leaves of Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana Florin. released by plants, and they resist and break up hazardous in situ. In both sunny and rainy weather, the circadian substances in the air. Scientists have confi rmed that phyt- profi le for BVOCs from C. macrolepis var. formosana oncides can reduce dust and bacteria in the air, and expo- leaves has three maximum emission cycles each day. This sure to essential oils from trees has also been reported to kind of emission pattern might result from the plant’s cir- lessen anxiety and depression, resulting in improved blood cadian clock, which determines the rhythm of terpenoid circulation and blood pressure reduction in humans and emission. Furthermore, emission results from the leaves animals.1 However, the chemical compositions of phyton- demonstrated that the circadian profi le of α-pinene observed cides emitted from various trees are very different and not was opposite to the profi les of limonene and myrcene, a yet clearly identifi ed. -
Cephalotaxus
Reprinted from the Winter 1970 issue of t'he THE AMERICA HORTICULTURAL \t{AGAZIl\'E Copyright 1970 by The American Horticultural Society, Inc. Cephalotaxus Source of Harringtonine, A Promising New Anti..Cancer Alkaloid ROBERT E. PERDUE, JR.,l LLOYD A. SPETZMAN,l and RICHARD G. POWELL2 The plumyews (Cephalotaxus) are yew-like evergreen trees and shrubs. The genus includes seven species native to southeastern Asia from Japan and Korea to Taiwan and Hainan, and west through China to northeastern India. Two species are in cultivation in the United States, C. harringtoniaJ (Fig. 1 & 2) of which there are several varieties (one often listed as C. drupacea) , and C. fortunii (Fig. 3). The cultivars are shrubs up to about 20 feet in height; most have broad crowns. The linear and pointed leaves are spirally arranged or in two opposite ranks. The upper sur Fig. 1. Japanese plumyew (Cephalo face is dark shiny green with a conspicu taxus harringtonia var. drupacea), an ous mid-rib; the lower surface has a evergreen shrub about 6 ft. high, at broad silvery band on either side of the the USDA Plant Introduction Station, mid-rib. These bands are made up of Glenn Dale, Maryland. This photo conspicuous white stomata arranged in graph was made in 1955. The plant is numerous distinct lines. Leaf length is now about 7 ft. high, but the lower variable, from about one inch in varie branches have been severely pruned ties of C. harringtonia to three or four to provide material for chemical re inches in C. fortunii. The leaves are search. -
Torreya Taxifolia
photograph © Abraham Rammeloo Torreya taxifolia produces seeds in 40 Kalmthout Arboretum ABRAHAM RAMMELOO, Curator of the Kalmthout Arboretum, writes about this rare conifer that recently produced seed for the first time. Torreya is a genus of conifers that comprises four to six species that are native to North America and Asia. It is closely related to Taxus and Cephalotaxus and is easily confused with the latter. However, it is relatively easy to distinguish them apart by their leaves. Torreya has needles with, on the underside, two small edges with stomas giving it a green appearance; Cephalotaxus has different rows of stomas, and for this reason the underside is more of a white colour. It is very rare to find Torreya taxifolia in the wild; it is native to a small area in Florida and Georgia. It grows in steep limestone cliffs along the Apalachicola River. These trees come from a warm and humid climate where the temperature in winter occasionally falls below freezing. They grow mainly on north-facing slopes between Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer barbatum, Liquidambar styraciflua and Quercus alba. They can grow up to 15 to 20 m high. The needles are sharp and pointed and grow in a whorled pattern along the branches. They are 25 to 35 mm long and stay on the tree for three to four years. If you crush them, they give off a strong, sharp odour. The health and reproduction of the adult population of this species suffered INTERNATIONAL DENDROLOGY SOCIETY TREES Opposite Torreya taxifolia ‘Argentea’ growing at Kalmthout Arboretum in Belgium. -
Catalogue of Conifers
Archived Document Corporate Services, University of Exeter Welcome to the Index of Coniferaes Foreword The University is fortunate in possessing a valuable collection of trees on its main estate. The trees are planted in the grounds of Streatham Hall which was presented in 1922 to the then University college of the South West by the late Alderman W. H. Reed of Exeter. The Arboretum was begun by the original owner of Streatham Hall, R. Thornton West, who employed the firm of Veitches of Exeter and London to plant a very remarkable collection of trees. The collection is being added to as suitable material becomes available and the development of the Estate is being so planned as not to destroy the existing trees. The present document deals with the Conifer species in the collection and gives brief notes which may be of interest to visitors. It makes no pretence of being more than a catalogue. The University welcomes interested visitors and a plan of the relevant portion of the Estate is given to indicate the location of the specimens. From an original printed by James Townsend and Sons Ltd, Price 1/- Date unknown Page 1 of 34 www.exeter.ac.uk/corporateservices Archived Document Corporate Services, University of Exeter Table of Contents The letters P, S, etc., refer to the section of the Estate in which the trees are growing. (Bot. indicates that the specimens are in the garden of the Department of Botany.) Here's a plan of the estate. The Coniferaes are divided into five families - each of which is represented by one or more genera in the collection. -
Phylogenetic Analyses of Juniperus Species in Turkey and Their Relations with Other Juniperus Based on Cpdna Supervisor: Prof
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY AYSUN DEMET GÜVENDİREN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BIOLOGY APRIL 2015 Approval of the thesis MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA submitted by AYSUN DEMET GÜVENDİREN in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Orhan Adalı Head of the Department, Biological Sciences Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya Supervisor, Dept. of Biological Sciences METU Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Musa Doğan Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Prof.Dr. Hayri Duman Biology Dept., Gazi University Prof. Dr. İrfan Kandemir Biology Dept., Ankara University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sertaç Önde Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Date: iii I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Aysun Demet GÜVENDİREN Signature : iv ABSTRACT MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA Güvendiren, Aysun Demet Ph.D., Department of Biological Sciences Supervisor: Prof. -
Morphology and Morphogenesis of the Seed Cones of the Cupressaceae - Part II Cupressoideae
1 2 Bull. CCP 4 (2): 51-78. (10.2015) A. Jagel & V.M. Dörken Morphology and morphogenesis of the seed cones of the Cupressaceae - part II Cupressoideae Summary The cone morphology of the Cupressoideae genera Calocedrus, Thuja, Thujopsis, Chamaecyparis, Fokienia, Platycladus, Microbiota, Tetraclinis, Cupressus and Juniperus are presented in young stages, at pollination time as well as at maturity. Typical cone diagrams were drawn for each genus. In contrast to the taxodiaceous Cupressaceae, in Cupressoideae outgrowths of the seed-scale do not exist; the seed scale is completely reduced to the ovules, inserted in the axil of the cone scale. The cone scale represents the bract scale and is not a bract- /seed scale complex as is often postulated. Especially within the strongly derived groups of the Cupressoideae an increased number of ovules and the appearance of more than one row of ovules occurs. The ovules in a row develop centripetally. Each row represents one of ascending accessory shoots. Within a cone the ovules develop from proximal to distal. Within the Cupressoideae a distinct tendency can be observed shifting the fertile zone in distal parts of the cone by reducing sterile elements. In some of the most derived taxa the ovules are no longer (only) inserted axillary, but (additionally) terminal at the end of the cone axis or they alternate to the terminal cone scales (Microbiota, Tetraclinis, Juniperus). Such non-axillary ovules could be regarded as derived from axillary ones (Microbiota) or they develop directly from the apical meristem and represent elements of a terminal short-shoot (Tetraclinis, Juniperus). -
Print This Article
Annals of Plant Sciences 7.4 (2018) pp. 2179-2186 Research Article Seed and seedling morphology of two near threatened Indian species: Cryptomeria japonica and Cupressus cashmeriana (Cupressaceae sensu lato) Sonali Ray1* and Nanda Dulal Paria2 1Department of Botany, Surendranath College, 24/2, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata- 700009., West Bengal, India 2Professor in Botany (retired), Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata- 700019, West Bengal, India. Received: 2/23/2018; Revised: 2/28/2018; Accepted: 3/17/2018 Abstract: Seed and Seedling morphology of two species of Cupressaceae – Cupressus cashmeriana Royle ex Carriéreand Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. Ex L.f.) D. Don have been studied using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Both the species are categorized as Near Threatened (NT) in IUCN Red List Category (2013). For characterization of seed, different parameters like shape, size, base, apex, surface were considered. For the study of seedlings, the parameters like germination pattern, root, hypocotyl, number of paracotyledons, number and nature of first leaf and subsequent leaves have been characterized. The seed and seedling characters as studied in this investigation are important as taxonomic markers for identification purpose. Keywords: Seedling morphology, identification, Cupressus cashmeriana Royle ex Carriére and Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. Ex L.f.) D. Don. Introduction Cupressus cashmeriana Royle ex Carriére and phylogenetic studies (Damon et al, 2006), molecular Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. Ex L.f.) D. Don belong studies (Rushforth, 2003), anatomy (Romàn-Jordàn to family Cupressaceae sensu lato. Cupressus et al., 2016) and palynology (Danti et al., 2010) for cashmeriana Royle ex Carriére is an evergreen tree, Cupressus cashmeriana. -
Spring 2014 for Web.Pub
Spring 2014 Page 1 Botanic Garden News The Botanic Garden Volume 17, No. 1 of Smith College Spring 2014 Orchidelirium at Smith Madelaine Zadik K aren Yu ’16 is a STRIDE scholar who has worked with me since 2012 on educational projects and exhibitions at the Botanic Garden. As a first year, Karen learned about the workings of the Botanic Garden, our plant collections, and our various educational activities, including exhibit production. The plan was that by the end of her two-year STRIDE placement, she would produce an exhibit of her own. She had to hit the ground running, as the exhibit Botanical Printing: Artful Collaborations on Paper and Cloth opened just a month and a half after her arrival. Karen wrote label copy and press releases, learned mounting techniques, helped design the gallery layout with our modular walls, and learned how to use our unique hanging system in the Church Exhibition Gallery. For our next exhibit, From Petals to Paper: Poetic Inspiration from Flowers, Karen was involved in the many months of planning leading up to the installation in March 2013. When given a choice of possible exhibit topics for her own project, Karen chose to use a collection of orchid prints by artist Florence Helen Woolward to create an exhibit that would help illuminate the world of orchids for the visiting public. The prints are from Thesaurus Woolwardiae, Orchids of the Marquis of Lothian, which contained reproductions of 60 of Woolward’s orchid paintings. Woolward produced an impressive body of work, especially considering that she was never formally trained in either art or botany. -
Woodlands Author: Kerry Dooley Historically the Primary Interest Area for National Inventories Was Timber
Woodlands Author: Kerry Dooley Historically the primary interest area for national inventories was timber. Consequently, the national inventory framework and collection protocols were focused on productive timber- lands (USDA Forest Service 2005). Over time, information such as estimations of carbon sequestration, wildfire fuel loads, and nontimber forest products and services (e.g., biofuels and wildlife habitat) has become topics of increasing interest. The FIA program—the national inventory used in the United States—broadened the focus of its surveys to include non- timberland forests, including woodlands, better aligning with these changing focus areas. Woodlands generally occur in less productive growing condi- tions, such as the arid Southwestern United States. Woodlands provide much, if not all, of the same services provided by forests; that is, they function as important wildlife habitat, improve water quality, serve as carbon sinks (or sources, in the event of wildfires), and provide fuel during wildfire season. The species that comprise woodlands differ in characteristics from most trees. On average, woodland species tend to be slower growing, smaller in stature, and of a form with more forks and branches near the base of the tree. Woodland species often grow as clumps of stems rather than one central stem. Beyond the characteristics of the trees classified as woodland species, specific parameters pertain to classification of the land use category of woodlands, while the Resources Planning Act (RPA) derives calculations of woodland for this report from the FIA data, the FIA and RPA definitions of woodland differ somewhat, as outlined in the following paragraphs. Forest Inventory and Analysis Definitions and Parameters FIA defines woodlands strictly along the lines of species com- position and associated forest types, and considers woodlands a subset of forest lands. -
Supporting Information
Supporting Information Mao et al. 10.1073/pnas.1114319109 SI Text BEAST Analyses. In addition to a BEAST analysis that used uniform Selection of Fossil Taxa and Their Phylogenetic Positions. The in- prior distributions for all calibrations (run 1; 144-taxon dataset, tegration of fossil calibrations is the most critical step in molecular calibrations as in Table S4), we performed eight additional dating (1, 2). We only used the fossil taxa with ovulate cones that analyses to explore factors affecting estimates of divergence could be assigned unambiguously to the extant groups (Table S4). time (Fig. S3). The exact phylogenetic position of fossils used to calibrate the First, to test the effect of calibration point P, which is close to molecular clocks was determined using the total-evidence analy- the root node and is the only functional hard maximum constraint ses (following refs. 3−5). Cordaixylon iowensis was not included in in BEAST runs using uniform priors, we carried out three runs the analyses because its assignment to the crown Acrogymno- with calibrations A through O (Table S4), and calibration P set to spermae already is supported by previous cladistic analyses (also [306.2, 351.7] (run 2), [306.2, 336.5] (run 3), and [306.2, 321.4] using the total-evidence approach) (6). Two data matrices were (run 4). The age estimates obtained in runs 2, 3, and 4 largely compiled. Matrix A comprised Ginkgo biloba, 12 living repre- overlapped with those from run 1 (Fig. S3). Second, we carried out two runs with different subsets of sentatives from each conifer family, and three fossils taxa related fi to Pinaceae and Araucariaceae (16 taxa in total; Fig. -
SPECIFICATION Txdot Travel Information Division Judge Roy
2018 TRV Specifications No statewide standard use or special specification exists for this planned work Rev 003-05/24/18 Rice, Andy FC/PM SPECIFICATION TxDOT Travel Information Division Judge Roy Bean Museum and Visitors Center Langtry, Texas Historical and Native Garden Site Signage Maintenance 1.0 SITE FAMILIARIZATION AND SPECIAL WORK CONDITIONS A. FACILITY PROFILE OVERVIEW. 1. The Texas Department of Transportation (TXDOT)-Travel Information Division operates twelve (12) Travel Information Centers (TICs) across the State of Texas. 2. The TICs serve the travelling public at entry points into Texas. The TICs are “highly visible” to the public and are the “Face of TXDOT” to the travelling public. 3. During times of natural disaster and state emergencies, the TICs serve as emergency call and response centers supporting Drive Texas and other emergency response efforts as needed and directed by the TxDOT Executive Director and Communications Director. B. LOCATION(s). Work site and delivery locations for these specifications are the Texas Department of Transportation-Travel Information Center located at: 1. US 90 W/State Loop 25 at Torres Ave., Langtry, TX 78871 C. HOURS OF OPERATION. 1. Normal hours of Operation for the TIC are 0800-1700 hours Monday thru Sunday. 2. Facilities are open three hundred sixty (360) days a year and are open on weekends and most federal and state holidays. D. FACILITY AND CONSTRUCTION RESTRICTIONS. 1. TIC Facilities cannot be shut down in entirety during construction regardless of level of construction. Operations to support travelling public must continue and construction must be planned and phased to ensure continuity of operations.