Check List 10(1): 149–150, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of lists and distribution

n First record of invadens Reise, Hutchinson, Schunack & Schlitt, 2011 (: : istributio D

Robert G. Forsyth raphic g ) from the island of Newfoundland, Canada eo G

n E-mail: [email protected] o

New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2K 1E5.

otes Abstract: The introduced European Reise, Hutchinson, Schunack & Schlitt, 2011 is here reported N

from St. John’s, Newfoundland. This new record is the first from the island of Newfoundland, the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, and from Atlantic Canada. It is the first verified record for this species living outside of greenhouses in eastern Canada.

Deroceras invadens Reise, Hutchinson, Schunack & Schlitt, 2011 was recently described for a species D. Specimensfrom Masonic were Terrace, collected St. from John’s, under Newfoundland, boards on bare Canada earth panormitanum (Lessona & Pollonera, 1882) or Agriolimax adjacent(47°33′56.4″ to a garden N, 052°42′26.4″ within the W; city datum of St. WGS84;John’s. Specimens Figure 2). ofcaruanae terrestrial (Pollonera, slug that 1891). has previously Neither of been these called names were deposited in the New Brunswick Museum mollusc D. originated from the Mediterranean region but now has an invadens almostis applicable worldwide to thedistribution invasive (Reise species et al. that 2006, presumably 2011). Musumcollection für (NBM Naturkunde 008860, Görlitz). 8 specimens). Other species Identification of molluscs of There are just a few species of Deroceras found were:was Deroceras confirmed reticulatum by Dr. Heike (Müller, Reise 1774),(Senckenberg Cepaea D. nemoralis Oxychilus sp. This is one invadens. (Müller, 1774), whichRafinesque, may of the Newfoundland sites reported by McAlpine et al. 1820,include in the North enigmatic America west in addition coast species to the D. invasive hesperium (2009) for (Linnaeus,Arianta arbustorum 1758), and Pilsbry, 1944 (Wiktor 2000; Roth et al. 2013), is widespread At the time of collection, eight Deroceras were suspected to be D. invadens, based(Linnaeus, on the 1758). habitat type. is speculation that some populations could be introduced were grey-brown, watery, thin-skinned, and not (Grimmand generally et al. considered 2010). Derocerasa native species, reticulatum although (Müller, there D. laeve (a species not found at widespread (Grimm et al. 2010). Both D. reticulatum and penisconfidently and cluster separable of glands from of this species, 1774)D. invadens is unquestionably are agricultural an pests introduction (Baker 1999; and is Reise now etvery al. identitythe site). as Later, D. invadens dissections (Figure revealed 1). the strongly bilobed Deroceras invadens is now widely distributedconfirming to many the Among species of Deroceras in North America, D. places worldwide (Reise et al. 2006, 2010) and has been invadens2005). is most similar to D. laeve (Reise et al. 2006). Both are smaller and darker than D. reticulatum and white mucus when irritated (Grimm et al. 2010). Reise withoutet al. (2006) the firmernoted that body, some thicker North skin, American and sticky, morphs milky of D. laeve are not separable by external appearance from D. invadens. Deroceras invadens is distinguished from D. laeve system (sensu Reise 2007), that is, of the penis and associatedby morphological structures. differences The penis of of the D. invadens distal reproductive is strongly

Grimmand equally et al. bilobed. 2010; Reise Between et al. the2011) lobes (Figure of the 1). penis, Partial there or is a cluster of usually 4–6 finger-like glands (Forsyth 2004;D. laeve, but when a penis is present, it is a long, somewhat totalcontorted loss of structure the male with reproductive a twisted organs terminal is commongland (Pilsbry for Figure 1. Distal genitalia of Deroceras invadens from St. John’s, glands. 1948;On Wiktor 6 September 2000). 2012,There 8is specimensno cluster of finger-likeDeroceras Newfoundland (NBM 008860). Abbreviations: bc, bursa copulatrix; ov, invadens were collected by R. Forsyth and T. Forsyth (openingoviduct; p, in penis; the body pg, penialwall). glands; pl, lobe of penis; pr, penial retractor; vd, vas deferens. The arrow indicates that part nearest the genital pore

149 Forsyth | Deroceras invadens from Newfoundland

Under the names or D. caruanae, D.found invadens three hasor possibly been known four Canadian in North provinces America for (Figure at least 2). localityand the first for D.verified invadens record is thefrom decades-old outside of greenhouses greenhouse in eastern Canada. The closest previously reported 1969). seven decades, having been first noticed in California recordDeroceras from Sherbrooke, invadens Quebec (Chichester and Getz in 1940 (Pilsbry 1948).et al. In 2010; western Burke North 2013), America, as well it as is along roadsides and in gardens, farms, nurseries and now rather well et known al. from southern British Columbia greenhouses and other disturbedlives in synanthropic and unkempt habitats, sites in toreports California from (Grimm greenhouses, it was unknown from out- et al. of-doorsColorado in (Reise eastern North2006). America However, until aside recently from founda few et al. probablycities and under-recorded, suburbs (Kerney and 1999; Reise Forsyth et al. (2006) 2004; Reise suggested 2006, 2011; Burke 2013). Its presence in North America is in Washington, D.C. (Reise 2006). The first eastern than currently known. This species has probably been twoNorth greenhouses American and in Montreal first Canadian and Sherbrooke, records of thisQuebec. species No under-reportedthat it is more widespread because of aeast general of the lack Continental of interest Divide in the was by Chichester and Getz (1969) who recorded it from slug fauna of cities and other disturbed habitats, as well as Although Grimm et al. (2010) wrote that the species was the great similarity to D. laeve that necessitates dissections other well-documented records exist for eastern Canada. et al. (2006), there is further data and in the absence of specimens could not a need to record introduced terrestrial molluscs in North found in Kingston, Ontario, they were unable to provide to confirm identity. As noted by Reise The present report of Deroceras invadens from St. verify the identification. America and provide a baseline for future studies on these additionalspecies’ spread. sites. It is anticipated that more searches in John’s, Newfoundland, is a new record for the province of Newfoundland and elsewhere in eastern Canada may yield Newfoundland and Labrador, the first from Atlantic Canada,

Figure 2. Deroceras invadens

Known distribution of in Canada. Confirmedet al. 2010). records Greenhouse (black circles):records (whiteSt. John’s, circles): Newfoundland Montreal (newand Sherbrooke, record) and Quebec British Columbia (unpublished data; H. Reise and J.M.C. Hutchinson personal communication); multiple sites may be represented by a single symbol). Unconfirmed record (white square): Kingston, Ontario (Grimm Acknowledgments(Chichester and Getz :1969). Pilsbry, H.A. 1948. Land of North America (north of Mexico). collection of the slugs, and Heike Reise (Senckenberg Museum für Volume 2, Part 2. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Naturkunde Görlitz, Germany) I thank Tammy who assisted Forsyth, with who the helped dissections with and the Monographs

Deroceras (Pulmonata: 3: xlvii pp. + 521–1113. Agriolimacidae). American Malacological Literatureconfirmed the Cited identifications. Reise,Bulletin H. 2007. A review of mating behavior in slugs of the Barker, G.M. 1999. Naturalised terrestrial (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Fauna of New Zealand 48. Lincoln, New Zealand: slugs: Tandonia23(1/2): budapestensis 137–156. new to the Americas, and Deroceras Reise,panormitanum H., J.M.C. Hutchinson new to theand eastern D.G. Robinson. USA. The 2006. Veliger Two 48(2): introduced pest Burke, T.E. 2013. Land Snails and Slugs of the Pacific Northwest Deroceras Manaaki Whenua Press. 254 pp. panormitanum and congeners from Malta and Sicily,110–115. with a . Corvallis, Reise,redescription H., J.M.C. Hutchinson, of the widespread S. Schunack pest and slug B. as Schlitt. Deroceras 2011. invadens n. ofOregon: arionid Oregon and limacidState University slugs introduced Press. 344 intopp. northeastern North sp. Folia Malacologica 19(4): 201–223. Chichester,America. L.F. Malacologia and L.L. 7(2–3): Getz. 1969. 313–346. The zoogeography and ecology Roth, B., R. Jadin and R. Guralnick. 2013. The taxonomic status of Forsyth, R.G. 2004. Land Snails of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum Pilsbry, 1944 (Gastropoda: Agriolimacidae), a Handbook. Zootaxa 3691(4):

[2010]. IdentifyingVictoria: Royal Land British Snails Columbia and Slugs Museum. in Canada: 188 Introducedpp. Wiktor,species A. 2000. of conservation Agriolimacidae concern (Gastropoda: in Oregon, Pulmonata) USA. — a systematic Grimm,Species F.W., and R.G.Native Forsyth, Genera F.W. Schueler and A. Karstad. “2009” monograph.453–460. Annales Zoologici

Atlas of the. Otta Landwa: and Canadian Freshwater Food MolluscsInspection of Agency.Britain (Museum and Institute of Zoology, andiv + 168Ireland pp. Polish Academy of Sciences) 49(3): 347–590. Kerney, M.P. 1999. : August 2013 Sollows. 2009.. Colchester, Establishment England: and Harley persistence Books. 264 of pp. the copse snail, : December 2013 McAlpine,Arianta D.F., arbustorum F. Schueler, J.E. Maunder, R.G. Noseworthy and M.C. Received : February 2014 The Nautilus 123(1): 14–18. Accepted : Luis Ernesto Arruda Bezerra (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in Published online Canada. Editorial responsibility 150