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Sociology of Leisure Edith Cowan University Research Online ECU Publications Pre. 2011 1998 Social knowledge: heritage challenges perspectives: proceedings: research committee 13: sociology of leisure Francis Lobo (Ed.) Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks Part of the Sociology Commons Lobo, F. (Ed.). (1998). Social knowledge: heritage challenges perspectives: proceedings: research committee 13: sociology of leisure. Perth, Australia: Edith Cowan University. This Conference Proceeding is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks/6871 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Courts have the power to impose a wide range of civil and criminal sanctions for infringement of copyright, infringement of moral rights and other offences under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. 13 Edith Cowan University Perth Western Australia I c NI I PERTH WESTERN AUSTRALIA 14th World Congress of Sociology XIV 2 Congreso Mundial de Sociologla SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE: HERITAGE CHALLENGES PERSPECTIVES Proceedings RESEARCH COMMITTEE 13 Sociology of Leisure Edited by Francis Lobo Edith Cowan University Perth Western Australia fSBN 0-729~-0404-G TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Are Sport and Recreation Opportunities the 'Glue' which hold Rural Communities Together? Shirley Barnes, Shirley Barnes and Associates, Perth, Western Australia. 1 2 Consumption and Leisure Practices Between Homogenisation and Differentiation: Towards the Interlinks of Social Postions and Differences in Urban Consumption and Leisure Patterns Dieter Bogenhold and Werner Petrowsky, Bremen University, Germany. 13 3 Smoking as a Fashion Accessory in the 1990s: Conspicuous Consumption, Identity and Adolescent Women's Leisure Choices Betsy Wearing, School of Social Work, University of New South Wales,Australia. 30 Step hen Wearing, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. 4 Views from the 'Other': From Margin to Centre in Women's Leisure Betsy Wearing, School of Social Work, University of New South Wales, Australia. 40 5 The New Gambling Culture and Gender:A Case in the Australian Leisure Experience Erica Hallebone, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Victoria, Australia. 53 6 Comparative Traditions in Three Civilizations (India, China, the West): The Silk Road Project John Blair, F acuity of Letters, University of Geneva, Switzerland. 64 7 Leisure Activities and Cultural Tastes as Lifestyle Indicators: A Comparative Analysis of Germany, Sweden, Italy, Israel and the USA Tally Katz-Gerro, University of California, Berkeley, CA. 76 8 Integration Through Leisure? Leisure Activities and Integration of Turkish Families in two cities in The Netherlands ]an Te Kloeze, Centre for Recreation and Tourism Studies, Wageningen 89 Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 9 Between Freedom and Committment: The Post-Modem Family Discovered. Sociological Research of Family and Leisure Domains ]an Te Kloeze, and Kees De Hoog, Centre for Recreation and Tourism Studies, 101 Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 10 Leisure Activities of Post-Graduate Students of Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Meti Sheshan, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India. 114 11 Young People Unemployment and Urban Leisure Francis Lobo, Edith Cowan University, Perth Western Australia. 122 12 The Leisure and Lifestyles of Unemployed and Self-Employed Young People in East-Central Europe Kenneth Roberts, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. 135 13 Theatre in the Western World: Traditions, Interactions, Influences Nicole Samuel, Institut Universitaire de Technologie Universite Paris V, France. 146 14 The Leisure Experience of Chinese Theater Appreciation Su-Hsin Lee, Feng Chia University, Taiwan 155 15 Decommodifying Ecotourism: Rethinking Interventions in Nature and Policy Regime of ecologically Sustainable Tourism Stephen Wearing, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Michael Wearing, 164 University of New South Wales, Australia. 16 Refiguring Self and Identity Through Tourism Connections: Some Theoretical Contributions form Interactionism and Post-colonialism Stephen Wearing and John Neil, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. 185 17 Antimonies in Volunteering: Choice/Obligation, Leisure/Work Robert Stebbins, The University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada 201 18 'Tourism That Counts': Ecotourism, Volunteerism and Serious Leisure Stephen Wearing and John Neil, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia 211 19 The Liberating Power of Bodily Needs and Pleasures in the Schools of Samba Myrian Santos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil 228 20 Lifestyles and City Cultures Derek Wynne, Department of Sociology, Manchester Metropolitan University, 238 Manchester, UK. 21 Multi Dimensions of Leisure Activities in India Ashoka Pradhan, Bareilly College, Bareilly, India. 252 22 Women's Adventures at Work: Women and Employment in Adventure Recreation May Carter and Suzanne Colyer, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western 257 Australia. 23 Alternative Leisure Futures Stan Parker, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK. 270 COULD SPORT AND RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES BE THE 'GLUE' WHICH HOLDS RURAL COMM:UNITIES TOGETHER? Shirley Barnes Shirley Barnes & Associates Perth, Western Australia The context Across most States of Australia, there is a very quiet downgrading of rural communities which is creating many social problems, and for which currently, there appears to be no answer. There may be some high profile speakers (such as politicians) deploring the gradual death of small, and not so small, country towns, or the occasional anguished story from a few farmers and their families backed by additional angst from the local small businesses - but overall, the decline of rural communities is virtually unnoticed by the majority of Australians, especially those living in the metropolitan area. The small towns and communities which are affected do not attract sufficient sympathy or assistance, and are not involved in specific, meaningful discussion to readily achieve a reversal in their fortunes. In a majority of instances, the dictates of 'accountability' and 'rationalisation' are applied without due regard for 'people', and are slowly ensuring a disastrous outcome for those who choose - or are chosen - to live in less urbanised areas. In the not too distant past, the various 'governments of the day', along with 'developers', encouraged people to settle in the more remote and/or isolated parts of this land. The reasons were: to discourage foreign governments with an eye on settlement of this land; to extend the railway line for industrial activity as well as easy accessibility during times of national emergency; to hunt for precious metals (amongst other things) for trading purposes; and for the establishment of food supplies and space for the increasing numbers of immigrants. In those times, even areas which received little rainfall, suffered from extremes of climate and provided no on-going sustenance for large numbers of humans were considered worth exploiting. Over the last decade or so, on the one hand the Australian government has been assiduously encouraging people to move out to the bigger regional towns from the cities through 'decentralisation' strategies, as space and infrastructure become a premium around our coastline. However, on the other, it has not been addressing those processes which are gradually destroying the chosen existence of many who live in, or near, the older established small towns and communities. It is also not assisting new, smaller communities which are struggling to provide a good quality of life for those who do not wish to reside in the larger cities and towns - or who are unable to because of their work commitments, which have often been promoted by government interests. Recently however, government insistence has been on taking 'the widest view for the benefit of the people of Australia', and politicians and their economic advisers are gradually destroying the small components which have formed an overall picture of the Australian way of life since European settlement and which relate to the previous lifestyle of our indigenous people. Causing major problems in rural areas are: «~~ the degradation of the land through past clearing and farming practices - most of which were considered acceptable at the time; • a reluctance by government to assist farmers and station owners with special education and rehabilitation programmes, or to provide meaningful support for small rural businesses, small mining companies, aboriginal communities and country townspeople; plus • an insistence on 'downsizing, performance indicators
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