SAMBURU SECONDARY DATA REVIEW (November 2013)  It has a population density of 413.2 which is slightly higher than the national population density of 401.1 per square kilometer see Introduction Table 1. This document is a baseline for humanitarian needs assessment in  The average household size in Samburu is 4.7 slightly higher than Samburu with an aim to provide information that would aid in the national household size of 4.4. on the other hand has decision making. The information presented has been gathered an average household size of 4.7 same average size as samburu through a review of pre-crisis secondary data, studies and lessons county household size See Table 1. learnt reports. Available indicator information is by Sub County,  Population of children under 5years is 18.92% higher than national under 5years of 15.47. 36.06% are between the age of 0-9 county and national (where there is no available district/county 1 information). This data desk review is to help in the process of inter- years.  It is estimated that the county’s deprived child population is agency assessment planning for the ongoing. 66.07% ranked 41/47.2 Purpose of the Desk review  50.6% of the population in Samburu are between the age bracket of 0-14 years, 46.4% between 15-64% years and 3% are 64 years This desk review is not a comprehensive survey on food security, and above. livelihoods, WASH, protection e.t.c nor is it an inter-agency needs  has a Gender Index of 0.25% for 2012, and a Human assessment. It is a process in which a secondary literature and data Development Index score of 0.509 for 2011, placing it at 143 out of has been used to uncover any relevant information of use and 187 countries. SIGI, 2012 guidance for the preparation of the in-crisis primary data collection.  In 2011, the national birth rate per 1,000 was 37.6 (World Bank, 2011 and the annual population growth rate was 2.67% (World Content List ), bank, 2012) Summary Area profile Situation Overview Vulnerable groups # Populati Total Area in Priorities Sectorial updates County Househol on Male Female Populati Sq.Km Situation before conflict Partners (3W) ds Density on Population profile Baragoi * 6536 16296 14747 31043 Samburu North* 10,051 27,646 24,163 51,809 Samburu * 47,354 542 413.2 112,007 111,940 223,947 8,767,10 96,252 19,192,4 19,417,6 38,610,0 Demography of Samburu Population Kenya 401.1  The population of Samburu constitutes 0.6% of the national 4 .0 58 39 97 Table 1 Population statistics Samburu (Source: KNBS 2012 * Source 2009 population with Samburu North dominating 26.7%. Baragoi Census )3 constitute 59.9% of Samburu North Population. The male population in Baragoi is 52.5% and Female 47.5% see Table 1 Area Profile  Maralal town is the largest urban population center with a population of 9%, Baragoi 4%, Achers Post 3% and Wamba 3% 1 CRA 2012 Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey 2005 2 SPME CDI by county 3 http://knbs.or.ke/countydata.php

Geography, climate and economy  The county’s disable person’s is lower than the national disability  Samburu is Semi Arid county in the former rift valley, it borders population of 3.46%. 1% have visual disability, 0.84% hearing 0.5% Turkana to the West, Laikipia and to the south and East and speech, 1.17% physical/self care, 0.31% mental and 0.14 other to the North. CRECO 2012 disability Census 2009  The primary economic activity is nomadic pastoralism with a bit of  School going children, 63.3% are between 15-18 years old See agricultutre farming. It is believed that the county has potential Table 4 mineral wealth CRECO 2012, CRA 2012.  Early girl child marriages and pregnancies as a result of cultures  The temperatures range from mean annual minimum of 240C to and traditions 0 mean of maximum 33 C. Rainfall amounts of between 250mm and  Boys provision of security against cattle rustling CRECO 2012 1,250mm per annum CRA 2012 Hazards and Historic Sources of Conflict  The gross national income per capita was $820 in 2010. World Bank,2013 Shocks and Hazards  Kenya’s inflation rate stood at 4.45% in February 2013 Trading  The most recurrent hazard in Samburu is drought with most recent Economics hit happening in 2010/2011 Socio-cultural characteristics  Recurent Insecurities as a result of catlle rustling and road side  80% of the population belongs to the Samburu ethnic community banditry while the rest of the 20% is evenly shared by Turkana, Kikuyu,  Conflict between communites over resources and retaliotory Meru, among others CRECO 2012 attacks  Christianity is the main religion in the county CRECO 2012.  Occurent livestock diseases  The language of the Samburu community is called Samburu which is close to the Masaai dilect. The Swahili is also used among the Historic triggers/Sources of tentions younger people.  Competition for water and pasture has been seen to generate Governance and coordination conflicts among the community livestock keepers CRECO 2012.  Samburu community is the dominat group in politics and constitute  The community has had cultural conflicts (differences in cultural 80% of the voting population. The community hold most of the practices) CRECO 2012. election seats hence less of the election related violence has been experienced CRECO 2012 Security Issues  Much of the insecurity in this place is due to cattle rustling Vulnerable Groups between Turkana, Pokot and Borana. There is high proliferation of  Samburu is classified as one of the poorest counties with a guns and small arms CRECO 2012 poverty rate of 73.5% higher than the national poverty rate of  Cattle raids has left scores of people injured and dead in this region 45.9%4. as the raids are characterised by gunfights and grisly killings.

 Children under the age of 5years at risk of malnutrition including

acute and severe malnutrition Livelihoods and Food Security

4 Basic Report on Well-being in Kenya KIHBS 2005/06 Livelihoods

 The main economic activity is pastoralism in Samburu East and Food Insecurity North, with majority of those n Samburu Central practicing Agro-  The entire county is food insecure and it’s classified on the pastoralism see Figure 1 stressed phase of food insecurity (IPC Phase 2) with improvements 5  Livestock production contributes 85% of income in Patoral on the Agro pastoral Zones. 2012-2013 SRA livelihood zones and 60% in Agro pastoral zones. Baragoi being the affected area is classified under the stress  Coping mechanisms employed across all the livelihoods include Phase (IPC Phase 2) borrowing from friends, sharing food, reduction in number of meals,  The 5year average Maize price is between 40 an 48 KES per Kg and buying food on credit with a coping strategy index of 23.4 SRA 2013 LRA 2013 Current factors affecting food security in the area  High incidence of insecurity in the area which has seen market disruptions especially in Baragoi SRA 2013  High Commodity prices in the markets SRA 2013  Poor road infrastructure which hinder movements of produce to remote markets and drives the cost of foods up SRA 2013  Cultural beliefs that hinder utilization of food like sorghum by the locals and associating it to the Turkana community. SRA 2013

Health and Nutrition

Health  50.66% of the hospitals in the county are public and are government owned.6 The ratio of Doctor to population is 1:76,000 CRA, 2011  2% of every 10,000 population in Samburu have TB and only 1.5% of the population are on HIV + ante- natal care see Table 2  The HIV prevalence in the county is 1% lower than the national 7 HIV prevalence of 6.1%.  58.8% fully immunized population is below the national 8 immunized population of 83.0% while national birth registration of children under 5 is at 60% 9

5 https://kenya.humanitarianresponse.info/document/kenya-2012-2013- short-rains-season-assessment-report-february-2013 6 Figure 1 Samburu Livelihood Zones SRA 2013 Health facility Master List 2012 7 Basic report on Well-being in Kenya KIHBS 2005/06

 6.3% of children under 5 years at risk of malnutrition in agro Nutrition pastoral area and 23.9% in pastoral areas SRA 2013  Samburu has a Global Acute Malnutrition rate of 10.9%, Severe  National life expectancy at birth is 57.5 for males and 56.3 for Acute Malnutrition rate of 1.4%. 18.3% of children under the females (World bank, 2012) age of 5 are at risk of malnutrition with the most risks on  The national literacy rate for adults is 87.4% (90.6% for males, pastoral zones SRA 2013. 84.2% for females), and the youth literacy rate is 92% (91.7% for males, 93.7% for females World Bank, 2010 WASH  The national less than 5 mortality rate was 85 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2010. WHO, 2010 Access to water  The national maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 360  The main water sources are boreholes, water pans, springs and deaths/100,000 live births in 2010 WHO, 2010 small dams with all the flowing streams dried up. The available water in dams and pans are expected to last 3-6 months SRA 2013 Health coverage Samburu Kenya *  Trekking distance to water sources has remained to be 0.5 – 8 Kilometers, however in pastoral zones the distances have Malaria (as % of all 1st outpatient 18.9 (19) 27.7 increased to between 10 and 20 Kilometers due to dried up water visits) pans SRA 2013 TB in every 10,000 people (% 42 (33) 39  Water fetching waiting time is Iess than 5minutes in agro pastoral 2009/10) zones and around 30minutes to 3hours in agro pastoral zones SRA HIV+ ante-natal care clients (%, 1.5 (8) 5.9 2013 2010)  The cost of water per 20 litre Jerry can is between 2-5 shillings. Delivered in a health centre 18.4 (39) 37.5 Water consumption in pastoral areas is 5-8 litres per person per Qualified medical assistant during day while in agro pastoral areas it is 10-15 litres per person per day 19.0 (39) 37.6 birth SRA 2013 Had all vaccinations 85.6 (13) 75 Sanitation and hygiene Adequate height for age 57.8 (30) 59.8  Water treatment at household level is not practiced in most Table 2 Health coverage indicators by county (CRA, 2011) households besides contamination of open water sources. SRA 2013 Figures shown are percentage of population, figure in brackets indicates the  Only 33.6% of Samburu have access to safe water as compared to 10 rank compared across all 47 counties. * indicates Kenya county average 54.1% of the national population.  Only 26.5% of the population have managed to improve their Morbidity and mortality sanitation see Table 3  Common ailments in the county include respiratory diseases, malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia and skin diseases with an increase of Samburu Kenya* 5.4% in respiratory disease from 2011 to 2012 SRA 2013 Improved water (% households 2009) 67.8 (23) 66.5 Improved sanitation (% households 26.5 (45) 87.8 2009) 8 District Information Health Systems (DHIS) 2012 9 Nyanza MICS 2011/ * Informal settlements/ ** MICS 10 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census

Table 3 Access to improved water and sanitation by County (CRA, 2011) MoW Samburu North WASH and Cordination Figure shown are percentage of population, figure in brackets indicates the CHILD FUND Samburu North Health and Education rank compared across all 47 counties. * indicates Kenya county average Table 5: GoK, INGO, NGO and Partners working in Samburu, Source 3W, UNOCHA Education  The school dropout rate is 45% for boys, 50% for girls and 25% in Key Background Resources pre-school with low transition rate from ECD to primary to secondary, majorly attributed to poverty, insecurity and cultural https://kenya.humanitarianresponse.info/ practices. SRA 2013 http://www.geohive.com/cntry/kenya.aspx  Primary and early childhood school enrollment has going up by http://www.childinfo.org/ 5.8% in 2013 from 2012.Girls enrolment is however lower than boys by 17% which is attributed to lack of community support on http://www.crakenya.org/information/downloads/ girl child education LRA 2013. http://www.katibasasa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/CRECO  Majority of the population 63.6% have primary education, 6.5 Peace-bk-May.pdf Secondary education and only 28.9% can read and write ranking the county at 43/47 (CRA, 2011)

Samburu Kenya Population with primary education (%) 63.6 (44) 66.6 Population with secondary education 6.5 (39) 12.7 (%) Methodology – This desk review presents estimations of scale and severity. It aims to inform Can read & write 28.9 (43) 66.4 decision making for preparedness and emergency response and intents to complement and integrate assessment-related data from other agencies. Feedback to improve the SDR is welcome Attending School, 15-18 years 63.3 (37) 70.9 ([email protected])

Table 4: County Education coverage (CRA, 2011) Disclaimer – Information provided is provisional as it has not been possible to independently verify Figures shown are percentage of population, figure in brackets indicates the field reports. As this report covers highly dynamic subject, utility of the information may decrease with rank compared across all 47 counties. * indicates Kenya county average time.

Existing Partners

WHO WHERE WHAT ACTED Samburu West, East North WASH, Food Security, Livelihood and Other KRCS Samburu West, East North Disaster Management, Food security Agriculture, Health, Cordination AMREF Samburu West, East North WASH MoA Samburu West, East North Food security RAMATI Samburu West, East North Food Aid, Cordination WVK Samburu West WASH, Food Security, Livelihood, Nutrition and Education