Antifungal Agents in Agriculture: Friends and Foes of Public Health
biomolecules Review Antifungal Agents in Agriculture: Friends and Foes of Public Health Veronica Soares Brauer 1, Caroline Patini Rezende 1, Andre Moreira Pessoni 1, Renato Graciano De Paula 2 , Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa 3, Siddaiah Chandra Nayaka 4, Vijai Kumar Gupta 5,* and Fausto Almeida 1,* 1 Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; veronica.sbrauer@usp.br (V.S.B.); ca.rezende8@gmail.com (C.P.R.); andrepessoni1@gmail.com (A.M.P.) 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES 29047-105, Brazil; renato.gracciano@gmail.com 3 Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; rangappaks@gmail.com 4 Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; moonnayak@gmail.com 5 Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia * Correspondence: vijaifzd@gmail.com (V.K.G.); fbralmeida@usp.br (F.A.) Received: 7 July 2019; Accepted: 19 September 2019; Published: 23 September 2019 Abstract: Fungal diseases have been underestimated worldwide but constitute a substantial threat to several plant and animal species as well as to public health. The increase in the global population has entailed an increase in the demand for agriculture in recent decades. Accordingly, there has been worldwide pressure to find means to improve the quality and productivity of agricultural crops. Antifungal agents have been widely used as an alternative for managing fungal diseases affecting several crops. However, the unregulated use of antifungals can jeopardize public health.
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