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Mixed-Instrumentation Chamber Music Excerpts for Trumpet

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Mixed-Instrumentation Chamber Music Excerpts for Trumpet MIXED-INSTRUMENTATION CHAMBER MUSIC EXCERPTS FOR TRUMPET By BRANDON NORTON B.M., Columbus State University, 2008 M.M., Johns Hopkins University, 2010 A dissertation document submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts – Trumpet Performance and Pedagogy College of Music 2020 DocuSign Envelope ID: 68950F24-2A81-463E-A20D-E46BC8724FFB This project is entitled: Mixed-Instrumentation Chamber Music Excerpts for Trumpet written by Brandon Norton has been approved for the College of Music _______________________________________ Dr. Ryan Gardner, committee chair _______________________________________ Dr. Donald McKinney, committee member Date 6/18/2020 The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above-mentioned discipline. ii CONTENTS SECTION 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Review of Literature ......................................................................................................................... 5 3. Adams, John – Chamber Symphony ................................................................................................. 9 4. Birtwistle, Harrison – Hoquetus Petrus .......................................................................................... 22 5. Ewazen, Eric – Trio for Trumpet, Violin, and Piano ........................................................................ 28 6. Hindemith, Paul – Septet .............................................................................................................. 35 7. Milhaud, Darius – La Création du monde ...................................................................................... 44 8. Poulenc, Francis – Sonata for Horn, Trumpet, and Trombone ...................................................... 50 9. Saint-Saëns, Camille – Septet ......................................................................................................... 56 10. Schoenberg, Arnold – Chamber Symphony No. 2 .......................................................................... 60 11. Stravinsky, Igor – L’histoire du soldat ............................................................................................ 68 12. Stravinsky, Igor – Octet for Wind Instruments ............................................................................... 77 13. Varèse, Edgard – Octandre ............................................................................................................ 84 14. Walton, William – Façade .............................................................................................................. 90 15. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 96 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................................ 97 APPENDIX A. List of recommended recordings ................................................................................................. 100 iii SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION This excerpt book is designed to provide intermediate to advanced trumpet students with a resource to discover and study chamber music including the trumpet. The excerpts presented here are not a comprehensive list of chamber excerpts for trumpet, but rather, they were chosen to explore the variety of styles, instrumentations, and performance challenges that exist in this diverse and underrepresented body of repertoire. Orchestral excerpt books have been a staple in the serious trumpet student’s pedagogical materials for many years. Wind ensemble excerpt books and opera excerpt books have been published more recently, but to date there is no excerpt book that focuses solely on chamber music for the trumpet. This book is meant to fill that void by exploring twelve pieces in the mixed- instrumentation chamber music repertoire. By studying this excerpt book, trumpeters will not only improve their technical facility and musical awareness for the selected pieces, they will also gain a broader understanding of chamber music repertoire available to them. It is important for developing musicians to study chamber music for several reasons. Chamber music allows students to develop skills in score-study, collaboration, and ensemble balance in a setting quite different from a large ensemble. Brass players in particular face different demands regarding endurance and balance in a chamber ensemble than they do in larger ensembles. Many undergraduate and graduate programs require some form of chamber music study over the course of a degree, but students are most often assigned to ensembles that have a large body of repertoire, such as trumpet ensemble, orchestral brass ensemble, brass band, or brass quintet. Due to the practical limitation that far fewer works exist for any of the mixed-instrumentation ensembles in this book than standard 1 ensembles, some trumpet students may only gain experience playing in a brass quintet or trumpet ensemble during their undergraduate and graduate studies. Additionally, the pieces presented in this project were written by some of the most important and influential composers in the Western canon, and any musician would benefit from their study. This book focuses on chamber works from the late 19th century through 2000. During this period, chamber music that included the trumpet flourished. The trumpet was used by many composers both in mixed-instrumentation chamber pieces and brass-only chamber pieces. This project is limited to mixed- instrumentation pieces with the exception of Poulenc’s Sonata for Horn, Trumpet, and Trombone. This piece is included because of its importance in the trumpet’s chamber music repertoire. Works for brass quintet, trumpet ensemble, brass ensemble or brass choir, and pieces for brass and percussion were not considered for this project. Jazz pieces are also not included in this document, though some of these works certainly have jazz influences. All pieces included in this project contain only one or two trumpet parts and all, apart from the Poulenc sonata, contain two or more non-brass instruments. While chamber symphonies such as those composed by Schoenberg and Adams may not meet everyone’s definition of chamber music, they are important works by some of the most prominent composers of the twentieth century. Their study will give students a chance to learn about these composers through the study and performance of their music. These works are generally not included in orchestral excerpt books, so they are included in this document, which serves as a resource for both small chamber works and chamber symphonies. Each piece presented in this book contains between three and nineteen parts. The twelve works presented in this book were chosen to represent the diversity of chamber repertoire composed for the trumpet during the late 19th century and the 20th century. The pieces were all 2 written by historically significant composers, and the instrumentation of every ensemble in this collection is unique in both size and makeup. The Birtwistle, Ewazen, and Poulenc are different types of trios, while the Adams, Milhaud, and Schoenberg are larger ensembles of fifteen or more instruments. These compositions also represent differing harmonic languages that can be found in late 19th and 20th century music, from the stability and consonance of the works by Saint-Saëns and Ewazen to the harsh dissonances of the Varèse. Additionally, these pieces allow performers to practice each of the most common types of trumpets used today. Most of the excerpts will be played on B-flat or C trumpets, but the Birtwistle utilizes piccolo trumpet, and E-flat trumpet can be used on both the Saint-Saëns and the Trumpet 1 part of the Stravinsky Octet. Each selected excerpt presents musical or technical challenges including difficult fingerings, high and low range, awkward intervallic leaps, rhythmic challenges, quick dynamic shifts, quick breaths, and long phrases. These excerpts are presented as they appear in the original published trumpet parts, with all rehearsal numbers, tempo indications, and expressive markings included. For pieces with more than one trumpet part, such as Milhaud’s La Création du monde and Stravinsky’s Octet, the trumpet parts appear on a single system so that the performer can see how the trumpet parts fit together. In addition to the original excerpts, each piece includes several resources to aid with preparation. Every piece includes a brief historical introduction, a list of recommended recordings with track times for each excerpt, and various practice versions. The practice variations are similar to and inspired by Rob Roy McGregor’s practice variations in Audition and Performance Preparation and Michael Sachs’ practice variations in Daily Fundamentals and Mahler: Symphonic Works. These practice variations are meant to give the developing trumpeter tools for practicing not only this music, but all pieces they are studying. One of the goals of this excerpt book is to emphasize the importance of collaboration in the chamber music setting. To that end, some excerpts will include parts other than the trumpet part for a deeper 3 understanding of the
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