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Hoofdstuk 1 Tm 7 (Dl 1 En 2).Pdf VU Research Portal Leven als een kunstenaar Kisters, A.C. 2010 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Kisters, A. C. (2010). Leven als een kunstenaar: Invloeden op de beeldvorming van moderne kunstenaars Auguste Rodin, Georgia O'Keeffe, Francis Bacon. Eigen Beheer. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 06. Oct. 2021 Mededeling promovendus bij elektronische versie: Van dit proefschrift zijn alleen opgenomen de hoofdstukken 1 tot en met 7 (oftewel deel 1 en 2), zonder afbeeldingen. Voor zowel de vele afbeeldingen die in 'Leven als een kunstenaar' zijn opgenomen, als de vele citaten uit nog ongepubliceerde correspondentie die in het derde deel bij de casussen van Rodin, O'Keeffe en Bacon zijn opgenomen is door de rechthebbenden alleen toestemming gegeven voor de openbaarmaking middels 150 geprinte exemplaren voor de promotie en niet voor online publicatie. In een mogelijk nog te realiseren Engelstalige handelseditie zal, nadat alle rechtenkwesties zijn geregeld, het gehele proefschrift worden opgenomen. VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Leven als een kunstenaar Invloeden op de beeldvorming van moderne kunstenaars Auguste Rodin, Georgia O’Keeffe, Francis Bacon ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. L.M. Bouter, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de faculteit der Letteren op donderdag 20 mei 2010 om 13.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Alexandra Christina Kisters geboren te Venlo promotor: prof.dr. C.H. Blotkamp copromotor: dr. G.M. Birtwistle Leven als een kunstenaarLeven Invloeden op de beeldvorming van moderne kunstenaars een kunstenaar Invloeden op de beeldvorming van m oderne kunstenaars Auguste Rodin Georgia O’Keeffe Francis Bacon Sandra Kisters Foto omslag: Hans van den Bogaard, de sterfkamer van Vincent van Gogh, Auberge Ravoux in Auvers-sur-Oise Voor Bart Inhoudsopgave Woord van dank 4 Inleiding 7 Deel 1 Het verleidelijke leven Hoofdstuk 1 De kunstenaarscultus 17 De kunstenaar als oorspronkelijk genie - Gevolgen van de kunstenaarscultus 19 De kunstenaar als publieke figuur 23 Hoofdstuk 2 Kunstenaarsbiografieën 27 Historia Naturalis - Vasari 28 Kunstenaarslexicon 34 Monografie 35 Oeuvrecatalogus 37 De individuele kunstenaarsbiografie - Hoofdstuk 3 Kunstenaarstopoi 43 Die Legende vom Künstler - Feit of fictie 48 Born under Saturn 49 De bohémien 54 Genie en waanzin 56 De fictieve kunstenaar 58 Hoofdstuk 4 De biografische benadering 65 Een kunstgeschiedenis zonder namen 70 Intentionaliteit 74 De behoefte aan de kunstenaar 75 Afbeeldingen deel 1 78 Deel 2 Het representatieve leven Hoofdstuk 5 Introductie van een methodologisch raamwerk 87 Woord of beeld? - Invloeden op de biografische beeldvorming 89 Visuele en tekstuele middelen 91 Hoofdstuk 6 De invloed van anderen op de biografische beeldvorming 95 Tekstuele middelen - Kunstkritiek / interview - Kunstwetenschappelijke publicaties/geredigeerde uitgaven 96 Necrologie 97 Biografie 98 Visuele middelen 103 Portret - Cartoon / spotprent 105 Fotografie 107 Documentaire 114 Biografische speelfilm 122 Hoofdstuk 7 De invloed van de kunstenaar op de biografische beeldvorming 131 Tekstuele middelen - Dagboek 132 Brieven 133 Autobiografie 134 Kunstenaarstekst 138 Testament / archiefvorming - Visuele middelen 139 Het museale kunstenaarshuis / atelier - Het kunstenaarshuis tijdens het leven van de kunstenaar 144 Het persoonlijke museum / mausoleum 148 Kleding / omgeving 150 Zelfportret 151 Afbeeldingen deel 2 156 Deel 3 Het kunstenaarsleven Hoofdstuk 8 Auguste Rodin – Statuaire 169 Het maken van een reputatie 171 De zichzelf onderwijzende Rodin 174 Van moderne Michelangelo tot mislukt genie 178 Rodins exposition particulière (1900) 180 Het Musée Rodin 185 Een imposante nalatenschap 188 Thorvaldsen als rolmodel 191 Musée Rodin in Meudon 195 Rodin en de fotografie 197 Een gewillig model 199 Rodin en de pictorialisten 202 Ceux de Chez Nous (1915) 204 Herinneringen aan le grand maître 205 Rodin écrits 207 Judith Cladel 209 Recente biografieën 212 Rodin in film 216 Rodins postume imago 219 Afbeeldingen Rodin 223 Hoofdstuk 9 Georgia O’Keeffe – American 237 De ontdekking van Georgia O’Keeffe 239 A Portrait by Alfred Stieglitz 242 Een nieuw imago 247 New Mexico 251 Succes in het MoMA (1946) 254 Herdenkingstentoonstellingen voor Stieglitz 257 Het afhandelen van de nalatenschap 258 Een kunstenaarshuis in Abiquiu 262 De kluizenaar in de woestijn 264 Het Whitney-retrospectief (1970) 268 Biografie versus autobiografie 270 Biografische verbanden 278 De documentaire van Adato (1977) 281 Onderhandelingen voor twee musea 283 The Georgia O’Keeffe Home and Studio Tour 287 O’Keeffe volgens O’Keeffe 290 Abeeldingen O’Keeffe 294 Hoofdstuk 10 Francis Bacon – There it is … 309 Een rebelse autodidact 310 The Hanover Gallery 316 De overstap naar Marlborough Fine Art 318 Het eerste Tate-retrospectief (1962) 322 Interviews met David Sylvester 326 Absolute controle: het tweede Tate-retrospectief (1985) 334 Televisie-interviews 339 Censuur 341 Dood van een schilder 344 The Francis Bacon Estate 346 Love is the Devil 349 Het atelier 352 Bacon op de gevoelige plaat 356 Het Francis Bacon Studio Project 358 Het derde Tate-retrospectief (2008) 363 There it is… 365 Afbeeldingen Bacon 368 Conclusie 381 Summary 387 Chronologie Rodin 392 Chronologie O’Keeffe 394 Chronologie Bacon 396 Lijst van afbeeldingen 398 Bibliografie 407 Woord van dank De aanleiding voor dit proefschrift was een briefje van Carel Blotkamp die bij mij polste of ik iets voelde voor een promotieonderzoek. Hij wist dat ik graag schrijf, maar ook dat ik er een leuke baan voor moest opgeven. Mijn collega’s bij het Museum Jan Cunen waren begripvol en in januari 2003 ging ik (in deeltijd) van start. Zeven jaar later, en twee kindjes rijker, is het dan zover: voor u ligt Leven als een kunstenaar. Voor dit onderzoek heb ik op veel plaatsen archiefonderzoek verricht. Van de onderstaande archieven ben ik het personeel bijzonder erkentelijk voor hun hulp en toewijding bij het zoeken naar relevant materiaal: Amsterdam: Filmmuseum. Dublin: Francis Bacon Studio Archive and Database / Dublin City Gallery The Hugh Lane. Hilversum: Nederlands Instituut voor Beeld en Geluid. London: The Heinz Archive and Library / National Portrait Gallery, Tate Gallery Library and Archive Collections / The Hyman Kreitman Research Centre. New Haven (CT): Alfred Stieglitz & Georgia O’Keeffe Archive, Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library / Yale University (YCAL). New York (NY): Archives of American Art (AAA) / Smithsonian Institution, The Photography Study Room en The Thomas J. Watson Library / The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Edward Steichen Archive / The Erna and Victor Hasselblad Photography Center / Museum of Modern Art, Frances Mulhall Achilles Library / Artist File / Whitney Museum of American Art. Parijs: Archives du Musée Rodin, Salle de la Documentation / Musée d’Orsay. Princeton (NJ): Manuscripts Division / Princeton University Library. Santa Fe (NM): Georgia O’Keeffe Museum Research Center. Washington D.C.: Archives of American Art (AAA) / Smithsonian Institution, The Photograph Study Room / National Gallery of Art, The Hirshhorn Museum Library and Archive / Smithsonian Institution. Daarnaast een woord van dank voor het personeel van de bibliotheken van het Van Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, de Letteren- bibliotheek van de Universiteit Utrecht, de Koninklijke Bibliotheek en het Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie in Den Haag. Over mijn onderzoek heb ik met een groot aantal vakgenoten van gedachten mogen wisselen. Veel dank voor de nuttige (literatuur)suggesties, inspirerende gesprekken en goede ideeën die ik kreeg aangedragen van: Jos ten Berge, Ivo Blom, Bob van den Boogert, Beatrice von Bormann, Penelope Curtis, Wouter Davidts, Martina Droth, Rachel Esner, Leo Jansen, Hans Luijten, Sven Lütticken, Miranda Mason, Dirk Pültau, Robert A. Rosenstone, Marjolein van Tooren, Linda van Santvoort, Robert Verhoogt, Marc Joachim Wasmer, Peter Webber, Jon Wood en de beeldend kunstenaars Arnoud Holleman en Helena van der Kraan. Christian Bertram, Esther Starkenburg, Ingrid Vermeulen en Petra Brouwer, die jarenlang mijn kamergenoten waren op de VU, wil ik bedanken voor de kritische, warme en humoristische ondersteuning van elkaars projecten. Mijn huidige kamergenoten, Iris Burgers, Ronald de Boer, Sae Matsuno en Nathalie Zonnenberg, dank ik voor de fijne werkomgeving van het laatste jaar en wens ik heel veel succes met hun projecten. Paul van den Akker en Dick Schram wil ik in het
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