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Mediating Relationships with Parasocial Others: Relating, Connecting, and Making

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Mediating Relationships with Parasocial Others: Relating, Connecting, and Making Mediating Relationships with Parasocial Others: Relating, Connecting, and Making Meanings A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Scripps College of Communication of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy John Marc Cuellar August 2020 © 2020 John Marc Cuellar. All Rights Reserved. This dissertation titled Mediating Relationships with Parasocial Others: Relating, Connecting, and Making Meanings by JOHN MARC CUELLAR has been approved for the School of Communication Studies and the Scripps College of Communication by William K. Rawlins Professor of Communication Studies Scott Titsworth Dean, Scripps College of Communication ii Abstract CUELLAR, JOHN MARC, Ph.D., August 2020, Communication Studies Mediating Relationships with Parasocial Others: Relating, Connecting, and Making Meanings Director of Dissertation: William K. Rawlins I explore connections made with mediated others, parasocial relationships, in this study. I was guided by Bakhtinian understandings of mediation between consummated parties. To investigate, I interviewed participants who connected with a parasocial figure(s). Engaging in crystallization, I layered my story onto the stories of others who make mediated connections, using autoethnography as an additional methodological tool. I interpretively categorized the themes using Rawlins’ dialectical perspective as a lens through which to analyze the findings. The themes that emerged included three overarching dialectical features: The Dialectic of the Freedom to be Independent and the Freedom to be Dependent, the Dialectic of Judgment and Acceptance, and the Dialectic of the Ideal and the Real. The first overarching dialectic encompassed three subthemes: the Dialectic of Pride and the Need for Recognition, the Dialectic of Availability and Disengagement, and the Dialectic of Stalker and Fan (Stan). The second overarching theme included two subthemes: the Dialectic of the Freedom to Share and the Freedom to Keep for Oneself and the Dialectic of Satisfaction and Cancellation. Finally, the last overarching theme also comprised two subthemes, which included the Dialectic of Emotionality and Rationality and the Dialectic of the Real and the Unreal. These dialectical features emerged when participants spoke of competing tensions within their iii mediated connections. When making sense of the dialectical features, I recalled personal stories that resonated with the same tensions experienced by the participants. iv Dedication To the connections that have meant the most to me throughout my life: Estella, Isabella, and Liam v Acknowledgments This project was not a solo effort. I am always connected: connected to friends, connected to peers, connected to advisors, connected to scholars, connected to family. I am appreciative of those connections that have fostered personal success and relational satisfaction. I thank Dr. Lynn Harter, Dr. Christie Beck, and Dr. Theodore Hutchinson. Each of you contributed greatly to this work. Whether it was guidance delivered through a reading, words of encouragement, ideas that benefitted the research, or modeled ways of relating with an academic apprentice, you all inspired me in ways you will never know. I thank you for your inspiration. I thank the others who guided me along the way: Dr. Angela Hosek, Dr. Roger Aden, Dr. Austin Babrow, Dr. Raymie McKerrow, Dr. Stephanie Tikkanen, Dr. Brittany Peterson, and Dr. Laura Black. My time at Ohio University is precious time that I will remember fondly—this is largely because of the impact each of you had on my studies. Additionally, I would like to thank other academics whose help motivated me: Dr. Tony Adams, Dr. Keith Berry, Dr. Sandra Pensoneau-Conway, Dr. Carolyn Ellis, Dr. Art Bochner, and Dr. Derek Bolen. Without your motivation, I would not have made the next move in my academic progression. I thank you for that motivation. I wish to thank my cohorts: Hanan, Shawn, Gang, Melissa, Marion, Shermineh, Ji, Rachel, Nicole, Val, and Caroline. You each provided encouragement, stories, coffee breaks, and support. My time at Ohio University was made pleasurable because of those vi connections I made with each of you. I additionally wish to thank others, whose presence inspired me while in Athens: the Deardorffs, Quang, and Mauvette. To my immediate family, I would like to extend my appreciation. I would like to thank my father, mother, brother, and sister. You all kept me feeling fully loved, fully encouraged, and fully connected. Jennifer, you sacrificed a great deal to support this dream of mine. I will always appreciate your gift(s). Seth, you came into my life while studying here in Ohio. I look forward to creating many more stories with you! Grandma, I will always be saddened that I missed a few years there, at home, with you. I am happy to know that, no matter what, you are here, connected with me. Your connection is the strongest, as you guided me through those first moments and never left my side. I hope that I always make you proud! Dr. Rawlins, I was honored to work with you. I feel privileged that you shared your knowledge with me. Thank you for guiding me along this academic trajectory. Thank you for all of those ways that you demonstrated how, by relating, a caring teacher can make an irreplaceable difference in one’s life. Finally, Isabella and Liam, I want to thank the two of you. This time spent away from you was the most difficult task of all. I cherish each moment I spend with the two of you. You keep me moving forward, through your loving connection. I thank the two of you most of all! vii Table of Contents Page Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iii Dedication ........................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. vi Chapter 1: Prologue: Relating More Than One-Way ......................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2: Relating with Others: The Meaning of Interpersonal Connections .................. 8 The Potential for a Parasocial Alternative .................................................................. 15 The Postmodern Parasocial Connection ..................................................................... 18 Uninvolved ............................................................................................................ 25 Dismissive ............................................................................................................. 26 Aware .................................................................................................................... 26 Interactive ............................................................................................................. 26 Fully Involved ....................................................................................................... 27 Narrative Constructions of Self and Other: Making Meaning from Meeting ............. 31 Identifying with Others: Contemplating Sexuality and Stigma .................................. 36 Chapter 3: Investigative Practices ..................................................................................... 48 Turning Away From, Coming Away With ................................................................. 49 Putting into Wor(l)ds: Practices of Interpretation ....................................................... 51 Putting Stories Together: A Choice for Narrative ...................................................... 55 Doing Autoethnography: Self, Culture, and Writing a Story ..................................... 58 Crystallization: Blending Multiple Genres ................................................................. 60 Procedure .................................................................................................................... 61 Participants .................................................................................................................. 63 Codification and Emerging Themes ........................................................................... 64 Chapter 4: The Freedom to be Independent and the Freedom to be Dependent ............... 68 Mediating the Dialectical Tensions of Independence and Dependence ..................... 73 Having the Pride not to be NSYNC with Society ................................................. 73 Pride ...................................................................................................................... 75 The Need for Recognition ..................................................................................... 78 viii You Had Me at Hello; Please Don’t Say Goodbye ............................................... 82 Available ............................................................................................................... 84 Disengagement ...................................................................................................... 88 Wrestling with Stalker/Fan (Stan) Connections ................................................... 94 Chapter 5: Mediating the Dialectical Tensions of Judgment and Acceptance ............... 107 Crowded Theatres, Private Screenings, and Multiple Connections
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