English/Burmese

t*Fvdyfbmom / jrefrmbmom

Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners

t*Fvdyfbmomudk 'kwd,bmompum;tjzpf poifaeolrsm;twGuf bmompum;ESpfrsKd; tbd"mef ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This document was developed by Multicultural Programs Unit, Equity Programs and Distance Education Directorate.

Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010. Phone 9244 5324 The work on this production was supported by a large number of ESL teachers in government schools who assisted in the choice of lexicon.

© State of New South Wales through the NSW Department of Education and Training 2008.

ISBN: 9780731386260 SCIS: 1369364 Contents

Introduction i

How to use the dictionary ii

Dictionary 1

Appendices

1. Numerals and ordinals 80 2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81 3. Common irregular verbs 82 4. Times 84 5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85 6. Weights and measures 85

Bibliography 85

Introduction

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developed for use by students in the early stages of learning English as a second language.

The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the most common words that students use in everyday communication and in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for further language acquisition.

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes into consideration the Australian culture and way of life including frequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It is expected that students will use this publication as a reference point for the first 12 to 18 months of English language acquisition.

A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESL Beginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. It contains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be found with their translations in this volume.

The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use at school and at home to support English language acquisition.

The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice of lexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation has helped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resource suited to the needs of beginner ESL students.

i How to use this dictionary

Notes for the teacher

The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold, definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning. You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.

Page Header

The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the page contents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.

Example from page 1: a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.

The Headword

The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and is alphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) and are numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing the headword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.

Example from page 4:

Headword Translation part of back speech n Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with the meaning body part adv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb with the meaning opposite front phrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full

Example from page 31:

Headword Translation part of help speech n Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with the meaning aid phrase 2. help yourself the phrase help yourself is translated in full with (serve yourself) the meaning serve yourself colloq phr 3. I can’t help it (I have the colloquial phrase I can’t help it is translated no control over it) in full with the meaning I have no control over it

Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage the meaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.

Example from page 2:

Headword Translation n angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun with the meaning mathematical usage

Abbreviations

Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and are not translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.

ii Example from page 4:

Headword Translation abbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry barbecue

Common present and past tense verb forms

Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of the dictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. These are not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.

Examples from page 2:

Headword Translation prt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry be prt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry be

Appendices

Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:

1. numerals and ordinals 2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms 3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms 4. times in analog and 24 hour format 5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time 6. weights and measures.

These appendices have not been translated.

Parts of speech

Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in the dictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviations used is shown below.

Abbreviations used in this dictionary

Abbreviation Meaning abbrev abbreviation adj adjective adv adverb colloq colloquialism colloq phr colloquial phrase conj conjunction det determiner int interjection n noun phr v phrasal verb prep preposition pron pronoun prt v present tense verb form pt v past tense verb form v verb

iii a – afterwards A det a/an wpfck? wpfa,muf? wpfaumif? wpfrsKd; .. n ability pGrf;tm; able v 1. be able to pGrf;aqmifEdkifonf? vkyfEdkifonf adj 2. talented t&nftcsif;&Sdaom n Aboriginal person MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH a&S;OD;wdkif;&if;om; about adv 1. approximately cefYrSef;ajc prep 2. concerning taMumif;t&mESifhywfoufaom above prep 1. over tay:wGif? ..xufydkaom? phrase 2. the example above txufwGifaz:jyxm;aom erlem adj absent rwufa&mufEdkifaom? uif;rJhaom adv absolutely jynfhpHkpGm? vHk;0OóHk n accent a'otvdkuf? vlrsKd;tvdkuf toHxGuf v accept vufcHonf adj acceptable vufcHxdkufaom? onf;cHvdkaom? n accident rawmfwq xdcdkufrI adj accidental rawmfwqjzpfyGm;aom v accompany twlvdkufygonf? vdkufygapmifha&Smufonf n account az:jycsuf? aiGpm&if;? rSwfwrf; v ache emusifudkufcJjcif; v achieve atmifjrifrI&onf n achievement atmifjrifrI&jcif;? atmifjrifaomtvkyf prep across wpfzufwGif? wpfzufodkY? v act jyKrlonf? [efaqmifonf? o&kyfaqmifonf n activity vIyf&Sm;rI? aqmif&GufrI n actor o&kyfaqmifol v add aygif;onf? jznfhonf? pkpkaygif;jzpfonf n addition aygif;jcif;? xyfaygif;onfhvl? t&m0wåK n address ae&yfvdyfpm n adjective emrfudktxl;jyKaom emr0daooeyk'f admit v 1. tell the truth about 0efcHonf? ajzmifhcsufay;onf v 2. allow to enter 0ifcGifhjyKonf? aq;&Hkwifonf v adopt (take on) om;orD;tjzpfarG;pm;onf? vufcHonf n adult t&G,fa&mufNyD;ol? vlBuD; n advantage tcGifhta&;? tusKd;tjrwf n adventure pdwf0ifpm;zG,f pGefYpm;rI n adverb Bud,m0daooeyk'f n advice tMuHay;csuf? EdkYwpfpm n aerobics atmufpD*sifydkrdk&SLoGif;&ef um,avhusifhcef; n aeroplane av,mOfysH v afford tcsdef/aiG tukeftuscHEdkifonf adj afraid xdwfvefYaom prep after aemufusvsuf? aomfjim;vnf;? aemufrSm n afternoon aeYvnf? rGef;vJG adv afterwards aemuf? aemufawmh? odkYNyD;aemuf

1 again – argue adv again (one more time) aemufwpfBudrf? apmapmuuJhodkY against prep 1. next to uyfvsuf? xdawGUvsuf prep 2. anti qefYusifvsuf n age touft&G,f? Mumjrifhaomumv adv ago apmapmydkif;u? twdwfumvu v agree xifjrifcsufjcif;wlonf? oabmwlonf aid n 1. help tultnD? taxmuftyHh v 2. help tultnDay;onf? taxmuftyHHhay;onf v aim (try) MuH&G,fonf? BudK;pm;onf n air av? avxk? av[me,f? tmumo n airport avqdyf adj all (every) tm;vHk;aom v allow cGifhjyKonf adv alone wpfckwnf;aom? wpfOD;wnf;omvQif adv aloud us,favmifpGm n alphabet tu©&m? pmvHk;? oauFwvu©Pmrsm; adv already rwdkifrDu? BudKwifí adv also (too) vJbJ conj although aomfjim;vnf;? rnfodkYqdkap adv altogether pkpkaygif;? jcHKí? tm;vHk;aygif;vQif adv always tajctaewdkif;wGif? tNrJ? xyfumwvJvJ prt v am * see be n ambulance vlemwif,mOf n amount ta&twGuf? wefzdk;? pkpkaygif;yrmP n amphibian a&wGifarG;NyD; ukef;ay:wGifBuD;aomowå0g v analyse (study) tao;pdwfavhvmqef;ppfonf conj and pum;vHk;rsm;udkqufpyfay;jcif;? aygif;jcif; n angle (mathematical usage) a'gifh adj angry a'goxGufaom? pdwfqdk;aom n animal wd&pämef? &ufpufMurf;MuKwfaom n ankle ajccsif;0wf? ajccsif;0wftqpf adj annual ESpfygwfvnf answer n 1. reply tajz v 2. reply ajzMum;onf? wkefYjyefonf adj any wpfck? wpfckck adv anymore xyfírvdk pron anyone rnfolrqdk pron anything b,f[mrqdk adv apart (separate) oD;jcm;? wpfppD? wpfckpD n apology 0efcsawmif;yefjcif; v appear (come into view) ay:vmonf? jrif&onf n apple yef;oD; n appointment awGUqHk&efcsdef;xm;aom&ufpJGESifhtcsdef? prt v are *see be n area tus,ft0ef;? a'o? e,fy,f? ae&mvGwf v argue jiif;ckefonf

2 argument – autumn n argument jiif;ckefjcif;? taMumif;jycsuf v arise pwifay:aygufonf n arm (part of body) vuf? vufarmif;? wdd&pämef\a&SUajc n army Munf;wyf prep around ywfywfvnf? ab;ywf0ef;usif? teD;tem; arrange v 1. put in order trsKd;tpm;cGJjcm;owfrSwfonf? pDpOfonf v 2. make plans pDpOfaqmif&Gufonf v arrest (take into custody) Oya't& zrf;qD;onf v arrive c&D;qHk;odkYa&muf&Sdonf n arrow jrm;wH n art tEkynmvuf&m? yef;csD? *Dw? pmay n artist yef;csDq&m? tqdkawmf? uacsonf ponf adv as (to such a degree) uJhodkY n ash jym? t&dk;jym adj ashamed &Sufaom? &Sufírvkyfvdkaom v ask ar;jref;onf? awmif;cHonf? pHkprf;onf v assemble pka0;onf? wyfqifonf n assembly pka0;jcif;? vlpk? pufwyfqifjcif; n assignment (for school) tvkyf? tvkyfowfrSwfay;xm;jcif; v assist ulnDonf n assistant vufaxmuf/tulyk*¾dKvf prep at ü? rSm?wGif? 0,f? u ..ae&mjy 0dbwf pt v ate *see eat n athletics jyifyuGif;jyif tm;upm;rIrsm; phrase athletics carnival tm;upm;yGJawmf n atom tEkjrL v attach csDaESmifonf? ylYl;wGJonf? ESpfoufonf attack n 1. fight wdkufcdkufjcif;? &kwfw&ufa&m*g&jcif; v 2. fight wdkufcdkufonf? epfematmifa0zefonf attempt n 1. try BudK;yrf;jcif; v 2. try BudK;pm;onf v attend wufa&mufonf? oGm;a&mufonf n attendance wufa&mufjcif;? vma&mufjcif; n attention tm&HkpdkufrI? owdxm;rI v attract qGJaqmifonf adj attractive qGJaqmifrI&Sdaom? tEkynmajrmufaom n aunt ta':? BuD;a': abbrev Aussie *see Australian n Australia MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH adj Australian MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHESifhoufqdkifaom n Australian flag MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftvH n Australiana MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHESifhoufqdkifaom n author pma&;q&m? uavmif&Sif n autumn aqmif;OD;ayguf

3 average – basketball

average n 1. arithmetical mean ysrf;rQ adj 2. ordinary xHk;pH? omref v avoid a&Smif&Sm;onf? vGwfajrmufonf adj awake tdyfaysmfraeaom? Edk;Mum;aom adv away ta0;rS? ta0;odkY prep away from rS uGma0;onf adj awful tvGefqdk;0g;aom? ESpfoufbG,fr&Sdaom pt v awoke *see awake n axe ykqdef B n baby EdkYpdkYuav;? cspfol&nf;pm; back n 1. body part aemufausm adv 2. opposite front aemufzuf? ta0;rSm? jyefvnfí phrase 3. give it back jyefíay;onf n backbone ausm&dk;? t"dutaxmuftyHh n background aemufcH n backpack ausmydk;tdwf n backyard tdrfaemufaz;jcH0if; adj bad raumif;aom? nHhzsif;aom? qdk;0g;aom n badminton bufrifwef(Muufawmif&dkuf) tm;upm; n bag tdwf? vufudkiftdwf v bake rkefYzkwfonf v balance wnfNidrfaponf? [efcsufnDaponf n balcony vomaqmif adj bald xdyfajymifaom? tarT;t`r§ifr&Sdaom ball n 1. toy abmvHk; colloq phr 2. have a ball (good time) aysmf&Tifaeonf n balloon avylazgif;? rdk;ysHylazgif; n banana iSufaysmoD; n band (music group) wD;0dkif;tzGJU n bangle vufaumuf? ajccsif; n bank bPf? jrpfurf;yg; bar n 1. place to drink tazsmf,ruma&mif;onfhqdkif v 2. stop from something wpHkwck rvkyf&efwm;qD;onf n 3. metal rod owåKacsmif; n barbecue tom;uifjcif;? zkwfjcif;? ¤if;ud&d,m abbrev barbie *see barbecue adj bare Avmusif;aom? ajymif&Sif;aom n barrier twm;tqD; n base (bottom) atmufajc n basin (wash) vufaq;ZvHk? a

4 basketball court – bid n basketball court bwfpuufabmupm;uGif; bat n 1. sporting equipment upm;&mwGif&dkufonfhbufwH n 2. animal vif;EdkY n bath a&csKd;uefi,f n bathroom a&csKd;cef; n battle ppfyGJ n bay (inlet) yifv,fatmf abbrev BBQ *see barbecue v be &Sdonf? jzpfonf n beach yifv,f ork'´&murf;ajc n beach towel yifv,furf;ajcoHk; rsufESmokwfyk0g n beach umbrella yifv,furf;ajcoHk; xD; n beak EIwfoD;? ar;&dk; beam n 1. ray of light tvif;wef; n 2. wooden plank opfom;jym; n bean yJyif? yJawmifh? yJaph n beard rkwfqdwfarT;? yg;odkif;arT; beat v 1. win Edkifvdkufonf v 2. hit &dkufonf n 3. rhythm pnf;csuf adj beautiful vSyaom pt v became *see become conj because tb,faMumifhqdkaomf v become jzpfpjyKonf? jzpfvmonf n bed tdyf&efckwif? yef;cif;? tvTmtxyf n bedroom tdyfcef; n bee ysm;owå0g n beef EGm;om;(trJom;) pt v began *see begin v begin pwifonf? pvkyfonf n beginner oifwef;om;? pwifoif,laeol v behave jyKrlonf? aumif;pGmqufqHonf n behaviour tjyKtrl prep behind aemufwGif? a0;&mwGif? twdwfwGif n bell acgif;avmif; v belong ydkifqdkifonf? yg0ifonf? n belt cg;ywf? a'otus,ft0ef; n bench xdkifcHkwef;vsm;? w&m;olBuD;tzGJU v bend auG;onf? nGwfonf? ukef;onf pt v bent *see bend adj best taumif;qHk; v bet aiGaMu;avmif;onf adj better ydkíaumif;aom? oufomvmaom prep between ESpfcktwGif;? pyfMum; n bicycle pufbD; v bid avvHqJGonf? EIwfqufonf

5 big – boat adj big BuD;aom abbrev bike *see bicycle bill n 1. money aiGawmif;cHpm n 2. account aiGpm&if; n 3. of a bird iSufEIwfoD; n bird iSuf birth n 1. act of being born arG;zGm;jcif; phrase 2. date of birth arG;aeY n birthday arG;aeY n biscuit bDpupf bit n 1. small piece tpte phrase 2. a little bit ao;ao;av; pt v 3. *see bite v bite udkufonf adj black (colour) teufa&mif? trJa&mif n blackboard pma&;onfhoifykef;BuD; n blade "g;oGm;? avSmfwuf? jrufyif\t&Guf blame n 1. censure trSm;twGuf&Sdaomwm0ef v 2. lay responsibility with tjypfyHkcsonf adj blank tvGwf? uGufvyf? Avm? bmrQr&Sdaom n blanket tdyf&mcif;? jcHKapmif v bleed aoG;xGufonf pt v blew *see blow blind adj 1. unable to see rsufaphrjrifaom? aMumif;usKd;rqifjcifaom n 2. window covering cef;qD; n blindness rjrifjcif; block n 1. child’s toy uav;upm;p&mtwHk; v 2. stop from doing something wpHkwckrvkyf&efydwfyifwm;qD;onf phrase 3. a block away aemufxyfvrf;wck tuGmta0; phrase 4. block of flats wdkufcef;rsm;tpkta0; adj blond ta&mifazsmhaom? jzLaom n blood aoG;? rdbrsKd;&dk; adj bloody aoG;vl;aom? &ufpufaom? vGefuJaom blow n 1. hit jyif;jyif;xefxef&dkufonf v 2. pertaining to wind avrIwfonf phr v 3. blow up a'goxGufonf blue adj 1. colour tjyma&mif colloq 2. sad 0rf;enfaeonf n board (stiff material) opfom;jym;? uw¬Ljym; n board game bkwfjym;ay:wGifupm;&onfhupm;enf; n boat avS? oabFmi,f

6 body – break n body cE¨mudk,f? tpkta0;? tpktaygif; v boil qlyGufonf bold adj 1. as typeface xif&Sm;aom adj 2. daring &J&ifhaom? n bomb AHk; n bone t&dk; n book pmtkyf n bookshelf pmtkyfpif n boomerang ypfolxHjyefvmaom opfom;auG;wpfrsKd; boot n 1. of car um;xJrS vufqGJwefqmxnfhonfhae&m n 2. footwear zdeyf border n 1. as of country, state e,fedrdwf n 2. edge tpGeftzsm;? tem;pGef; adj bored NiD;aiGUonf adj boring NiD;aiGUp&maumif;aom v borrow acwåacs;iSm;onf boss n 1. person in charge wm0efcH v 2. tell what to do trdefYay;onf? ñTefMum;onf adj both ESpfckvHk;? ESpfa,mufvHk;? ESpfrsKd;vHk;.. v bother 'ku©ay;onf? taESmuft,Sufay;onf n bottle ykvif;? uav;EdkYbl; bottom n 1. body part wifyg; n 2. lower edge atmufajc? atmufydkif; pt v bought *see buy v bounce jyefuefaponf? csufvufrSwfjyefydkYonf n bowl ZvHk? n box bl;? aowååm n boy a,mufsm;av; abbrev bra *see brassiere n brain OD;aESmuf? OmPfaumif;ol branch n 1. of tree tudkif;tcuf v 2. separate vrf;cGJ? qdkifcGJ? &Hk;cGJ.. n brassiere trsKd;orD;twGif;cHtusFD adj brave &J&ifhaom? owåd&Sdaom adv bravely &J&idhpGm? owåd&SdpGm n bread aygifrkefY n breadth tus,f? teH break n 1. pause acwåem;csdef v 2. opposite of fix wppDjzpfaponf? csKd;azmufonf? phr v 3. break down (as in car) um;ysufonf phr v 4. break down (as health) usef;rma&;cRwf,Gif;onf

7 breakfast – bus stop phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) jypfrIusL;vGef&ef t"r®0ifa&mufonf phr v 6. break up (for holidays) em;&uftwGuf acwå&yfqdkif;onf n breakfast eHeufapmapmpm n breath touf&SLjcif; v breathe touf&SLonf v breed om;aygufonf n brick tkwfcJ n bridge wHwm; bright adj 1. shiny awmufyaom adj 2. clever yg;eyfvdr®maom v brighten ydkíawmufyvmaponf adj brilliant tvGefawmufyaom? tvGefawmfaom v bring ,lvmonf? jzpfaponf? pwifonf adj broad us,fjyefYaom? teH&Sdaom? rsm;jym;aom n broccoli tyGifhxdyfrsm; pdrf;onfhrkefnif;xkyf pt v broke *see break colloq broke (penniless) bdkifusaom phrase broken arm vufarmif;&dk;usKd;onf n brother nDtpfudk pt v brought *see bring n brush 0ufrifbD;? pkwfwH n bucket vufqGJa&ykef; v build wnfaqmufonf? zGHUNzdK;aponf pt v built *see build n bulb (electric light) vQyfppfrD;vHk; n bullet usnfqH bully n 1. person who harasses others olwpfyg;udk tEdkifusifhol v 2. harass aESmuf,Sufonf bunch n 1. group tpktzGJU? tpnf;? tkyfpk phrase 2. bunch of flowers yef;wpfpnf; burn n 1. injury caused by fire rD;avmif'Pf&m v 2. be on fire rD;avmifonf v burst aygufuGJaponf? &kwfw&ufjzpfyGm;onf v bury ajrjr§Kyfonf? *loGif;onf n bus bwfpum; bush n 1. outback NrdKUESifha0;&ma'o n 2. small tree jcHKzkwf business n 1. company vkyfief; colloq phr 2. mind your own business udk,fhtvkyfr[kwfbJ 0ifrygESifh n bus stop bwfpum;rSwfwdkif

8 bust – cardboard

bust colloq 1. break usKd;yJhonf? pD;eif;&SmazGonf n 2. female body part trsKd;orD;&ifom; adj busy tvkyfrsm;aom? pnfum;aom conj but odkYaomfvnf;? 'gayrJh n butcher om;owform;? tom;a&mif;0,fol n button Mu,foD; v buy 0,fonf prep by tem;rSm? rSwqifh? ESifh? xdkxufaemufrusbJ C n cabbage a*:zDxkyf n cable 0g,mBudK;? aMu;eef;BudK; n cafe aumfzDqdkifi,f? pm;aomufqdkifi,f n cage avSmiftdrf n cake udwfrkefY v calculate wGufcsufonf? wrifpDpOfonf n calculator *Pmef;wGufpuf n calendar jyu©'def call v 1. name emrnfac:onf n 2. as for phone w,fvDzkef;ac:onf phr v 3. call for ac:vdkif;onf phr v 4. call off tpDtpOfudk &kyfodrf;onf phr v 5. call out EdI;aqmfonf calm adj 1. peaceful Nidrfoufaom? wnfNidrfaom phr v 2. calm down Nidrfouf? wnfNidrfaponf pt v came *see come n camera "mwfyHk/&kyf&Sif&dkufonfhud&d,m v camp pcef;csonf can v 1. able to vkyfEdkifonf? Odonf n 2. steel container owåKcGuf n candle za,mif;wdkif n canteen (tuck shop) &Hk;/puf&Hk/aq;&HkrS pm;aomufqdkif cap n 1. headwear acgif;pGyf? OD;xkyf n 2. top xdyf? tzHk;? tay: capital n 1. important location ta&;BuD;ae&m? NrdKUawmf phrase 2. capital letter tu©&mpmvHk;BuD; n capsicum i&kyfoD;/ i&kyfyifwpfrsKd; n capsule aq;awmifh? 'Hk;ysHxdyfzl; n captain oabFmuyÜwdef? av,mOfrSL;? AdkvfBuD; n car um;? &xm;wGJ n card puúLtxl? u'fjym; n cardboard puúLuw¦Ltjym;

9 care – chalk v care pdwf0ifpm;onf? apmifha&Smufonf adj careful owd&Sdaom adv carefully owd&SdpGm n carnival yGJawmfwpfrsKd; n carrot rHkvmO0g carry v 1. take o,faqmifonf phr v 2. carry on (keep going) qufvkyfonf? qufoGm;onf case n 1. bag tdyf phrase 2. just in case vdktyfygu n cash aiGom; cassette phrase 1. audio cassette uufqufacG? phrase 2. video cassette AD'D,fkuufqufacG cast n 1. of a play o&kyfaqmif&aom p&dkuf? trlt&m v 2. throw a&xJodkYypfvTifhonf n castle eef;awmf? &Jwdkuf adj casual tpOftvmr[kwfaom? pdwfrylyefaom n cat aMumif? jcaoFh? usm;..ponf catch phrase 1. catch a train &xm;rDonf phrase 2. catch a cold tat;rdonf colloq phr 3. catch on (understand) em;vnfonff phr v 4. catch up (reach) rDvmonf pt v caught *see catch cause n 1. reason jzpf&jcif;taMumif;&if; v 2. make happen jzpfaponf n cave vdkPf*l abbrev CD *see compact disc n ceiling rsufESmusuf n cell tusOf;axmif? tcef;i,f? uvyfpnf; n cent wpfa':vm\ 100yHkwpfyHk adj central A[dkjzpfaom? t"duusaom central processing unit n 1. pertaining to computer uGefjyLwmESifhqdkifaom abbrev 2. CPU pDyD,l n centre A[dk? tv,ftrSwf? r@dKif n century &mpkESpf? 100 n cereal *sKH? ajymif;ponfhtaphtqef n ceremony tcrf;tem; adj certain aocsmaom adv certainly aocsmpGm n chain (jewellery) qGJBudK; n chair ukvm;xdkif n chalk ajrjzLcJ

10 chance – cigarette n chance tcGifhtvrf; change n 1. money aiGta

11 cinema – coin n cinema &kyf&Sif? &kyf&Sif&Hk n circle puf0dkif;? t0ef;t0dkif; adj circular puf0dkif;yHko@mef&Sdaom n circumference puf0dkif;\tem;? ywfvnftuGmta0; n city NrdKUawmf? NrKdUBuD; claim n 1. assertion &ydkifcGifhudkawmif;cHjcif; v 2. assert awmif;cHonf? aMunmonf clap n 1. loud noise qlnHpGmvufckwfwD;oH v 2. show appreciation csD;usL;onfhtaejzifh vufckyfwD;onf n class (group of students) twef; (ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;pka0;&m) n classmate ausmif;aezuf? twef;wlyk*¾dKvf n classroom ausmif;pmoifcef; phrase classroom block pmoifcef;rsm; twef;vdkufwnf&Sd&mae&m n claw wd&pämefwdkY\ajcoJ? *Pmef;ykpGefwdkY\vufr n clay ajrap;? &THUap; clean v 1. remove dirt oefUpifonf? tnpftaMu;z,f&Sm;onf adj 2. opposite dirty oefY&Sif;onf adj clear Munfvifaom? &Sif;aom? xif&Sm;aom adj clever wwfodvG,faom n cliff urf;ajcrSausmufaqmifurf;yg;apmuf v climb wG,fwufonf? wdk;wufonf v cling wG,fuyfonf n clock em&D close v 1. shut ydwfonf adj 2. near eD;uyfaom adj closed ydwfxm;aom? &yfxm;aom n cloth ydwfp? pm;yGJcif;? yef;uefokwft0wf n clothes 0wfxm;aomt0wftpm;rsm; n clothes line t0wfvSef;onfhBudK;wef; n clothing t0wftpm;rsm; n cloud rdk;wdrf adj cloudy rdk;wdrfzHk;vTrf;aeaom? tHkYrdIif;aom club n 1. group of people uvyftoif; n 2. implement wif;ykwf? &dkufwH? a*guf&dkufwH n clue oJvGefp n coal ausmufrD;aoG; n coast yifv,furf;&dk;wef;? yifv,furf;ajc adj coastal urf;ajcESifhqdkifaom n coat ukwftusÐ n cockatoo uwå0giSufwpfrsKd; n coconut tkef;oD; n coffee aumfzD n coin aiGta

12 cold – concern

cold n 1. illness tat;rdonf adj 2. opposite hot csrf;at;aom adj cold-blooded aoG;at;pGm&ufpufaom? ESvHk;om;rmaom n collar vltusÐaumfvH? wd&pämefvnfywf v collect pkaqmif;onf n collection pkaqmif;jcif;? pkaqmif;xm;onfht&mrsm; n college aumvdyfausmif; colour n 1. hue ta&miftaoG; v 2. make colourful ta&mifcs,f? ta&mifqdk;onf adj colourful ta&miftaoG;pHkaom comb n 1. hair accessory bD; v 2. do one’s hair bD;NzD;onf come v 1. move towards vmonf? a&mufvmonf phr v 2. come from ..rS vmonf phr v 3. come out (as in sun) vm ..tjyifudkxGufcJhyg colloq phr 4. Come on! (Let’s go.) vm ..oGm;Mu&atmif adj comfortable oufawmifhoufom n comic [mopmapmif? vl&Tifawmf n comic strip &kyfjyZmwfvrf; v command trdefYay;onf? tkyfcsKyfonf? adj common omrefjzpfaom n commonsense ydkif;jcm;a0zefwwfaom todOmPf n communication pm? owif;pum;? qufoG,fjcif; n community vlpk? vlrItzGJUtpnf; n compact disc uGefjyLwmrS"gwfjym;? pD'D n company (business) ukrÜPD v compare EdIif;,SOfonf n compass oHvdkuftdrfajr§mif n compasses (geometry uGefyg equipment) v compete NydKifqdkifonf n competition NydKifyGJ v complain rauseyfcsuf/cHpm;ae&onfudk azmfjyonf n complaint rauseyfcsuf? cHpm;&rI complete v 1. finish tNyD;owfvkyfaqmifonf adj 2. finished NyD;pD;aom? jynfhpHkaom v complicate &IyfaxG;pGm adj complicated &IyfaxG;aom n complication &IyfaxG;aomtajctae n composer aw;*Dw a&;pyfoDuHk;ol n composition yg0ifzGJUpnf;rI? pmpDpmuHk;? vkkyfenf;pHepf n computer uGefjyLwm n concern oufqdkifrI? pdwfaomu? pdwf0ifpm;rI

13 concerned – couple adj concerned oufqdkifaom? pdwf0ifpm;aom? n concert oD;jcm;trsKd; rsm;pGmygonfh uZmwf? uyGJ n condition tajctae n cone (geometrical shape) uawmhcRef v confuse &IyfaxG;onf v congratulate 0rfa;ajrmufcsD;usL;*kPfjyKonf v connect qufoG,fonf n connection tquftoG,f adj conscious owd&Sdaom? owdxm;rdaom v consider xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;onf phr v consist of yg0ifonf n consonant o&ESifhaygif;í toHxGufaomAsnf; v contain qefYonf? yg0ifonf? [efYwm;onf n container xnfhp&m? BuD;rm;onfhaowåBuD; n contents (as of a book) rmwdum v continue qufvkyfonf? quf ..onf contrast n 1. difference xif&Sm;onfhjcm;em;csuf v 2. find differences jcm;em;csufudkjyonf v control xdef;csKyfonf? uGyfuJonf n conversation pum;ajymjcif; convict n 1. person convicted of a crime axmifustrdefYpD&ifcsufudk cHae&ol v 2. find guilty of a crime tjypf&SdaMumif;aMunmonf v cook xrif;?[if;csufonf cool adj 1. opposite warm at;csrf;onf? at;aq;onf colloq 2. trendy cyfrdkufrdkufbJ copy n 1. imitation yHkwlul;jcif; v 2. imitate yHkwlul;onf? twkcdk;onf n corner axmifh? vrf;qHk correct v 1. make right jyKjyifonf? qHk;ronf adj 2. right rSefuefaom? wdusaom n corridor pMuFefvrf; v cost tukeftus? usoifhaiG n cotton 0g*Grf; n cotton wool 0g*Grf;jzL cough n 1. the act or sound of coughing acsmif;qdk;jcif; v 2. expel air from the lungs acsmif;qdk;onf n council tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU? aumifpD? n counsellor tMuHay;yk*¾dKvf country n 1. political division EdkifiHawmf n 2. opposite city NrdKUrsm;\tjyifrS aus;vufa'o n couple ESpfa,muf? pHkwJG? uaz:uzuftwGJ

14 courage – crush n courage &JpGrf;owåd adj courageous &J&ifhaom course n 1. set of lessons oifcef;pmtwGJrsm; n 2. way to go vrf;aMumif; phrase 3. of course (naturally) 'gaygh? [kwfwmaygh n court (as tennis court) upm;uGif;( Oyrm wif;epfupm;uGif;) n cousin armifESrnDtpfudk0rf;uGJ cover n 1. outside of a book pmtkyfzHk; v 2. put cover on something wpHkwckay:tzHk;zHk;onf n coward tvG,fwulaMumufwwfol n crab *Pmef;? ykpGefwkyfBuD; v crack csKd;zJhonF? toHjrnfíuGJonf craft n 1. vessel avS? oabFm? av,mOf? tmumo,mOf n 2. handiwork uRrf;usifolvuf&m crash n 1. collision ,mOfwdkufrI? av,mOfysufusjcif; v 2. shatter wpfppDNydKuGJonf adj crazy &l;oGwfaom? rdkufrJaom n creature owå0g n creek acsmif;i,fuav; v creep ajrjyifwGifuyfíwGm;oGm;onf n crescent (shape) vjcrf;yHko@mef cricket n 1. insect ESHaumifESifhwlNyD; toHjrnfaomydk;aumif n 2. sport &pfuufupm;enf; criminal n 1. person who commits crime &mZ0wfrIusL;vGefol adj 2. against the law &mZ0wfjypfrIjzpfaom n crocodile rdausmif; adj crooked auG;aumufaom n crops aumufyJoD;ESH cross n 1. a symbol of two intersecting Muufajccwf lines adj 2. angry pdwfqdk;aeaom v 3. move from one side to another jzwfoef;oGm;onf? uefYvefYjzwfonf phr v 4. cross out (delete) MuufajccwfjyNyD; y,fzsufonf n crossword pum;vHk;ya[Vd n crowd vltkyfBuD;? yGJMunfhy&dówf adj crowded vlrsm;jzifh jynfhMuyfaeonf adj cruel &ufpufaom crush v 1. flatten jym;atmifzdonf colloq 2. a liking for someone wpfpHkwpfa,mufudkoabmusonf

15 cry – darkness

cry n 1. loud utterance atmf[pfonf? us,favmifpGmajymqdkonf v 2. weep idka

16 date – dependable

date n 1. calendar &ufpGJ n 2. fruit pGHyvGefoD; n daughter orD; n day aeY? aeYtcsdef adj dead toufr&Sdaom? xHkusifaom adj deaf em;rMum;aom deal n 1. amount yrmP v 2. give out ajz&Sif;ay;onf n death aoqHk;jcif;? towfcH&jcif; n debt ta

17 dependant – discussion adj dependant rSDcdkae&aom n depth euf&Idif;rI teuf v descend qif;oufonf? usqif;onf v describe &kyfoGif/p&dkufudkaz:jyonf n description az:jycsuf desert n 1. hot, dry place oJuEåm& v 2. leave pGefYcGmonf? xGufajy;onf v deserve xdkufwefonf desire n 1. longing tvdk&Sdaomt&m? tmomqE´ v 2. wish for vdkcsifawmifhwonf n desk pm;yGJ v destroy zsufqD;onf? owfjzwfonf n destruction zsufqD;jcif; detail n 1. minute part tao;pdwf v 2. describe fully tao;pdwfjynfhpHkpGmaz:jyonf n detective rIcif;pHkaxmuf n detention (pertaining to jypf'Pftjzpfausmif;aemufusrSjyefvTwfjcif; school) v dial w,fvDzkef;eHywfudk vSnfhonf n diameter tcsif; diamond n 1. precious stone pdef adj 2. shape pdefyHko@meftcRef;jzpfaeaom n diary aeYpOfrSwfwrf; n dictionary bmom&yf a0g[m&tbd"mef pt v did *see do n didgeridoo MopaMw;vsm;wdkif;&if;om; wl&d,mwrsKd; v die aoonf n diet "mwfpm? yHkrSefpm;onfhtpm;tpm adj different rwlaom? jcm;em;aom adj difficult cJ,Of;aom v dig wl;qGonf n dingo MopaMw;vsm;awmacG; n dinner npm n dinosaur 'dkifEdkaqm n direction ñTefMum;jcif;? OD;wnf&mt&yf n dirt tnpftaMu;? ajrrIef adj dirty roefY&Sif;aom? npfnrf;aom v disagree t,ltquGJvGJonf n disagreement t,ltquGJvGJcsuf n disc (round, flat object) tjym;0dkif; n disco 'pöudk*DwESifhuonf v discover yxrqHk;awGU&Sdonf n discovery yxrqHk;awGU&Sdjcif; v discuss aqG;aEG;onf n discussion awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJ

18 disease – drop n disease a&m*g n dish yef;uefjym;? [if;vsm? pm;NyD;yef;uefrsm; n dishwasher (appliance) yef;uefaq;onfhpuf n disk (of computers) uGefjyLwmwGifoHk;aom tjym;0dkif; n disk drive 'pfpfcfudkzwfaom enf;pHepf v dislike rESpfouf? rBudKuf v dismiss xkwfy,fonf? jiif;qefonf n distance tuGmta0;? ta0;wGif v disturb aESmuf,Sufonf v dive aZmufxdk;qif;onf? 'dkifAifxdk;onf v divide cGJjcm;onf? jzefYa0onf? (ocFsm- pm;onf) n division cGJjcrf;jcif;? wyfr v divorce tdrfaxmifuGm&Sif;jcif; do v 1. perform vkyfaqmifonf phrase 2. What does she do? (What’s olr bmtvkyfvkyfovJ her job?) phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) aeaumif;vm;? r*Fvmyg n doctor q&m0ef n document pm&Gufpmwrf; n dog acG;? pufqkyfbG,faumif;ol n dollar a':vm n door wHcg;? t0if0 v double ESpfq doubt n 1. uncertainty raocsmjcif; v 2. hesitate to believe oHo,jzpfaeaom v drag '&GwfwdkufqGJonf? vrf;ay:rSm um;NydKifonf n dragon e*g; pt v drank *see drink v draw qGJ,lonf? yHkqGJonf? z,fonf? rJEdIufonf n drawer tHqGJ? dream n 1. images during sleep tdyfrufrufonf v 2. imagine pdwful;,Ofonf pt v dreamt *see dream dress n 1. woman’s clothing trsKd;orD;t0wftpm; v 2. to put on clothing t0wf0wfonf pt v drew *see draw drink n 1. beverage tazsmf,rum v 2. swallow liquid a&/t&nfudkrsKdcsonf v drive armif;ESifonf? twif;vkyfcdkif;onf n driveway rdrdtdrfrS udk,fydkif um;0ifxGufvrf; drop n 1. small amount of water a&puf v 2. let fall vTwfcsonf

19 drought – email n drought rdk;acgifjcif; pt v drove *see drive v drown a&epfaoqHk;onf? a&ESpfowfonf n drug aq;buf0ifypönf;? aq;?rl;,pfaq;0g; n drum AHk? pnf? pnfydkif; n drunk (person who drinks too t&uftvGeftuRHaomufol much alcohol) adj dry ajcmufaoGUaom pt v dug *see dig adj dumb (of speech) aumif;pGmpum;rajymEdkifaom EIwfqdwfaom prep during xdktcsdefrSm dust n 1. dirt zkef? zkefrIefY? trdIuf v 2. clean of dirt zkefcgonf n duster zkefokwfud&d,m n duty (something you must do) wm0ef? 0wå&m; E n eagle vif;,kef n ear em;&Guf adj early apmapm v earn 0ifaiG&atmifvkyfonf n earring em;uyf n earth urÇmajrBuD; n east ta&SUt&yf adj easy vG,fulaom v eat pm;onf n echidna O Oaom ql;ygonfh edkYwdkufowå0g n edge tpGeftzsm; v edit wnf;jzwfonf? pdppfonf n education ynma&;? ynma&;tqifh n effect tusKd;oufa&mufrI n effort tm;xkwfrI? BudK;yrf;rI n egg O adj either ESpfcktwufrS wpfck? wpfa,mufa,muf n elastic tavsmhtwif;&Sdaom n elbow wHawmifqpftauG; elder adj 1. older than toufBuD;aom n 2. older person oufBuD;&G,ftdk n election a&G;aumufyGJ n electrician vQyfppfwyfqifol/jyKjyifxdef;odrf;ol n electricity vQyfppf"gwftm; email n 1. Internet letter tifwmeufrS ydkYaompm v 2. send an Internet letter tifwmeufrS pmydkYonf

20 embarrass – excellent v embarrass &Sufudk;&Sufuef;? pdwfuoduatmufjzpfonf adj embarrassed pdwfuoduatmufjzpf&aom n emergency ta&;ay: n emigrant jynfyodkYxGufcGmol n emotion jyif;xefaomcHpm;rI v employ tcaMu;aiGay;í tvkyform;iSm;onf n employee tvkyform; n employer tvkyf&Sif n employment tvkyftudkif adj empty bmrQr&Sdaom n emu rysHwwfaom MopaMw;vsm;iSufBuD;wpfrsKd; v encourage tm;ay;onf end n 1. termination &yfqdkif;jcif; v 2. finish NyD;qHk;onf n enemy &efol engaged adj 1. busy tvkyfrsm;aeaom adj 2. soon to be married aphpyfaMumif;vrf;xm;aom n engine tif*sifpuf v enjoy 0rf;ajrmufaysmf&Tifonf adj enormous BuD;rm;aom adj enough vHkavmufaom v enquire pHkprf;onf? ar;jref;onf v enter 0ifa&mufonf v entertain azsmfajzonf n entertainment azsmfajzrI? azsmfajzjcif; n entrance t0if0? wHcg; n entry t0if? 0ifonfhae&m n envelope pmtdyf n environment ywf0ef;usif? obm0ywf0ef;usif adj equal nDrQaom? wlnDaom n equator tDauGwm n equipment ypönf;ud&d,m escape n 1. an act of escaping vGwfajrmufjcif; v 2. get away xdef;csKyfrIrSvGwfajrmufonf adj even (divisible by two) pHk*Pmef; n evening nae? naecif; n event jzpf&yf? tm;upm;tpDtpOf adj every wpfOD;pD? vlwdkif; abbrev exam *see examination n examination pmar;yGJ example n 1. illustration erlem abbrev 2. e.g. Oyrmqdkygu adj excellent xl;cRefaom? tvGefaumif;rGefaom

21 exchange – factory

exchange n 1. act of exchanging vJvS,fjcif; v 2. give up for an equivalent wefbdk;wltjzpfvJvS,fonf v excite cHpm;rIudkvHIUaqmfonf adj excited pdwfvIyf&Sm;onf n excitement pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI adj exciting tBuD;tus,fpdwf0ifpm;apaom n excursion avhvma&;taysmfc&D; excuse n 1. justification taMumif;jycsuf v 2. pardon cGifhvTwfonf int 3. Excuse me! aus;Zl;jyKí.. exercise n 1. physical work um,avhusifhcef; n 2. class work pmoifcef;wGif;rS ausmif;pmavhusifhcef; n 3. exercise book avhusifhcef;pmtkyf exit n 1. way out txGuf? xGufayguf v 2. go out xGufcGmonf v expect arQmfvifhonf adj expensive aps;BuD;aom? wefzdk;rsm;aom experience n 1. thing undergone tawGUtMuHK v 2. undergo tawGUtMuHK&,lonf? cHpm;onf experiment n 1. science trial odyÜynmqdkif&mprf;oyfrI v 2. try something prf;oyfvkyfaqmifonf v explain &Sif;jyonf n explanation &Sif;vif;az:jycsuf v explode aygufuGJonf? a'gotBuD;tus,fjzpfonf v explore pl;prf;onf? avhvm&efc&D;oGm;onf express adj 1. fast tjref v 2. say ajymqdkonf expression n 1. on face rsufESmtrlt&m n 2. in words cHpm;csufudka&;om;az:jyjcif; adj extra tydktvQH? aemufxyfydkí n eye rsufvHk;? rsufpd n eyebrow rsufcHk;arT; F face n 1. part of body rsufESm phrase 2. face the front a&SUrsufESmpm? ta&SU colloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) &ifqdkifvdkufyg (,Hkyg) n fact jzpf&yfrSef n factory puf&Hk? tvkyf&Hk

22 fade – fence v fade ta&mifazsmhoGm;onf? arS;rSdefoGm;onf v fail us&HI;onf? rpGrf;Ekdifjzpfonf faint adj 1. not dark roJuGJaom? arS;rSdefaom v 2. become unconscious owdvpfonf fair adj 1. just w&m;rQwaom adj 2. light ta&mifazsmhawmhaom adv fairly (quite) oifhwifhpGm n fairy ewforD;? v fall vJusonf adj false rrSefaom? vSnfhpm;aom? twkjzpfaom adj familiar vlodrsm;aom? aumif;pGmoduRrf;aom family n 1. kin rdom;pk n 2. family tree rsKd;&dk;pOfqufZ,m; adj famous emrnfausmfaom? emrnfBuD; fan n 1. great admirer ESpfoufjrwfEdk;ol? oabmusol n 2. equipment to blow air yefum? ,yfawmif adj far uGma0;aom n fare (cost for trip) c&D;oGm;c n farm pdkufysKd;arG;jrLa&;jcH n fashion zuf&Sif? avmavmq,fvlBudKufrsm;onfhyHkpH adj fashionable acwftcgESifhudkufnDaom fast adv 1. quick jrefpGm? jrefjref adv 2. forward in time tcsdefapmpGm v 3. go without food Oykofapmifhonf v fasten cdkifrmpGJNrJaponf adj fat 0aom n father taz n fault tjypf? cRwf,Gif;csuf? temtqm n favour oufn§mrI? tcGifhta&; adj favourite tBudKufqHk;? tESpfoufqHk; n fax tDvufxa&mepfenf;jzifh pmrdwåLydkYenf; fear n 1. feeling of impending danger aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYrI v 2. be afraid aMumuf&HGUxdwfvefYonf n feather iSufawmif? iSuf\tarT;tawmif v feed auR;arG;onf feel v 1. as emotion &ifrSmcHpm;&onf v 2. touch xdawGUudkifwG,fonf pt v fell *see fall pt v felt *see feel adj female (of gender) uúKw¦dvdif? trjzpfaom? rdef;ryDoaom n fence jcHpnf;&dk;

23 ferry – flashing n ferry ul;wdkYoabFm n festival yGJawmftcrf;tem; n fever tzsm;a&m*g adj few enf;enf;yg;yg;? tenf;pk field n 1. where sport is played upm;uGif; n 2. open land uGif;jyif adj fierce aMumufrufbG,faumif;aom fight n 1. battle ppfyGJ? wdkufyGJ? vufa0SUyGJ v 2. engage in battle ppfwdkufonf figure n 1. number udef;*Pmef; n 2. person udk,fvHk;udk,fxnfyHko@mef phr v 3. figure out (understand) ajz&Sif;NyD; em;vnfonf v fill jznfhonf? ydwfqdkYonf n film &kyf&SifZmwfum;? tzHk;tvTmyg;yg; adj final aemufqHk;? ed*Hk;csKyf? pmar;yGJBuD; v find &SmazGonf fine adj 1. not raining &moDOwkom,monf adj 2. opposite thick ao;rQifonfh trQifrsm;jzifhjyKvkyfxm;aom adj 3. well (healthy) usef;rmaom n finger vufacsmif; finish n 1. end point tqHk;owf? ed*Hk;? aemufqHk; v 2. end NyD;qHk;onf fire v 1. cease to employ tvkyfrSxkwfy,fonf v 2. shoot aoewf? tajrmufjzifh ypfcwfonf n 3. something burning rD;avmifuRrf;jcif; n fireworks rD;&SL;rD;yef; adv first a&S;OD;pGm? yxrqHk; n first aid a&S;OD;olemjyK fish n 1. water creature ig;owååå0g v 2. catch fish ig;zrf;onf n fishing rod ig;rQm;wH fit adj 1. healthy usef;rma&;ESifhjynfhpHkaom n 2. size t&G,ftaeawmf phrase 3. fit in with (match well) tqifajyonf v fix cdkifNrJaponf? jyKjyifonf n flag tvH n flame rD;awmufrD;vQH n flash (bright light) vif;ueJta&mifvufonf adj flashing tvif;a&mifrSdwfwkyfrSdwfwkyfjyKvkyfaeaom

24 flat – form

flat n 1. dwelling vlaewdkufcef; adj 2. shape jym;csyfaom n flavour teHYt&om pt v flew *see fly n flight ysHoef;jcif;? av,mOfc&D;pOf v float a&ay:ay:aponf? arsmaponf n flood a&BuD;jcif; floor n 1. part of a room Murf;jyif n 2. level of a building txyftvTm n floppy disk tcsuftvufrsm;odkrSD;&ef tjym;0dkif; v flow pD;qif;onf n flower (plant) yef; abbrev flu *see influenza fly n 1. insect ,ifaumif v 2. move through the air avwGifysHoef;onf n fog (weather condition) jrLqdkif;jcif; adj foggy jrLrsm;xlxyfpGmusaeaom v fold acgufonf n folder pm&GufvGwfrsm;wGJp&m ypönf; v follow aemufrSvdkufoGm;onf n font pmvHk;trsKd;tpm;? t&G,f n food tpm;tpm n fool rdkufrJol? OmPfr&Sdol adj foolish rdkufrJaom n foot ajcaxmuf n football abmvHk; n footwear zdeyf ajcpGyfrsm; for phrase 1. for us uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf phrase 2. for NSW e,l;aqmufa0;jynfe,ftwGuf phrase 3. for $5 5 a':vmESifh force n 1. strength tiftm;? pGrf;pm; v 2. impose on twif;ZGwfcdkif;aponf adj foreign (not native) jynfyrSjzpfaom n foreigner EdkifiHjcm;om; n forest opfawm pt v forgave *see forgive v forget arhoGm;onf v forgive cGifhvTwfonf pt v forgot *see forget n fork cuf&if;? vrf;cGJ form n 1. paper you fill in jznfhpGuf&efyHkpH v 2. make jyKvkyfonf? zGJUpnf;onf? pkpnf;onf

25 fortnight – funeral n 3. shape yHko@mef n fortnight &ufowåESpfywftMum adj fortunate uHaumif;aom adv fortunately uHaumif;axmufrpGm fortune n 1. large amount of money tBuD;tus,fcsrf;omjcif; n 2. luck uHMur®m pt v fought *see fight pt v found *see find n fountain a&wHcGef? pma&;onfhazgifwdef n fraction tydkif;*Pmef;? n frame abmif? tem;owf free adj 1. costing nothing tcrJh adj 2. unoccupied rnfolrQraeaom v 3. let go vTwfvdkufonf n freedom vGwfvyfrI? vGwfvyfjcif; v freeze cJoGm;onf? cJoGm;aponf n freezer (appliance) a&cJaoåmxJrS a&cJcef; adj frequent rMumcP? qufwdkuf? tusifhygaeaom adj fresh vyfqyfaom? vef;qef;aom abbrev fridge *see refrigerator n friend olli,fcsif;? rdwfaqG? taygif;toif; adj friendly Muifemaom? &if;ESD;aom n fright taMumuftvefY v frighten aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYonf from phrase 1. from Sydney qpf'eDrS phrase 2. from my grandmother uREfkyfzGm;atxHrS phrase 3. from $10 10 a':vmxJrS front adj 1. opposite back a&SU? ta&SU prep 2. in front of ta&SUwGif n front door ta&SUwHcg;? tdrfa&SUwHcg; n front steps ta&SUavScg; v frown rauseyfí rsufarSmifusKHUonf pt v froze *see freeze n fruit opfoD; full adj 1. opposite empty jynfhaeaom adj 2. not hungry Adkufjynfhaeonf n full stop (punctuation mark) 0gustqHk;rS tpuftrSwf? NyD;qHk;jcif; fun n 1. mirthful amusement jrL;

26 funny – girl

funny adj 1. humorous &,fp&maumif;aom adj 2. strange xll;jcm;aom n fur wd&pämefarT;? om;arT;tusÐ n furniture y&dabm*rsm; adj further ydkía0;aom? xyfjznfhaom n future tem*gwfumv? tem*gwfjzpf&yfrsm; G v gamble avmif;upm;onf? aiGaMu;avmif;onf n game tm;upm;,SOfNydKifjcif;? NydKifyGJ n gaol *see jail n gap vGwfaeonfhae&m n garage (of house) um;*dka'gif n garden opfyifyef;rmvfO,mOf? udk,fydkifpdkufcif; n garlic MuufoGefjzL n gas "gwfaiGU n gate wHcg;? wHcg;0? 0ifaygufxGufayguf v gather vma&mufonf? pka0;onf? pkpnf;onf pt v gave *see give gay adj 1. happy aysmf&Tifauseyfaom? aysmfp&maumif;aom adj 2. homosexual vdifwljcif; umrpyf,Sufaom n gender vdif? a,mufsm;rdef;rdef;r vdifrJh cGJjcm; general adj 1. usual a,bk,sqefaom n 2. rank in army AdkvfcsKyfBuD; adv generally a,bk,stm;jzifh n generosity &ufa&mrI? oabmxm;BuD;jcif; adj generous &ufa&mpGmay;aom? oabmxm;BuD;aom adj gentle El;nHhaom? odrfarGUaom get v 1. become jzpfvmonf v 2. receive &&Sdonf v 3. possess ydkifqdkifonf v 4. arrive a&muf&Sdonf v 5. obtain &,lonf phr v 6. get on with (like) tqifajyonf phr v 7. get out (leave) xGufcGmonf phr v 8. get together (meet) awGUqHkonf phr v 9. get up (arise) xvmonf phr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) z,f&Sm;onf giant n 1. huge mythical being bDvl; adj 2. very big tvGefBuD;aom n gift vufaqmif n girl rdef;uav;

27 give – grain

give v 1. hand to ay;onf phr v 2. give in (hand in) ay;urf;onf colloq phr 3. give in (surrender) vufavQmhonf phr v 4. give out (distribute) ay;a0onf phr v 5. give up (surrender) vufavQmhonf phr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) &yfvdkufonf? jzwfvdkufonf adj glad aysmf&TifpGm glass n 1. window material zef n 2. drinking vessel zefcGuf n glasses (for eyesight) rsufrSef n glove vuftdyf go v 1. move oGm;onf phrase 2. go by bus bwfpum;jzifhoGm;onf phrase 3. go out with ..ESifhtwloGm;onf phr v 4. go wrong rSm;oGm;onf phr v 5. go on with (continue) qufvkyfaeonf phr v 6. go well tqifajyonf phr v 7. go over (check) ppfaq;onf phr v 8. go through (check) ppfaq;onf phr v 9. go after (chase) aemufrSvdkufonf n god bk&m;ocif? bk&m;uJhodkY n gold a&T adj golden a&Ta&mif good adj 1. opposite bad aumif;aom phrase 2. vegetables are good for you [if;oD;wif;&Gufrsm;oifhtwGufaumif;onf colloq phr 3. Good for you! (congratulations) 0rf;omvdkufwm? csD;usL;ygw,f int 4. Good afternoon (greeting) r*Fvmyg? aumif;aomaeYvnfcif;yg int 5. Goodbye EIwfqufygw,f int 6. Good day (greeting) r*Fvmyg? int 7. Good morning (greeting) r*Fvmyg? aumif;aomeHeufcif;yg int 8. Good night (farewell) EIwfqufygw,f? aumif;aomnjzpfygap goodness n 1. virtue aumif;jrwfjcif;? u&kPm int 2. My goodness! (expression of trav;µ surprise) n goods ukefypönf; n gossip twif;tzsif;pum; pt v got *see get v govern tkyfcsKyfonf? xdef;csKyfonf n government tpdk;& n governor tkyfcsKyfol? bk&ifcH v grab aqmifhqGJ,lonf? EdIuf,lonf adv gradually wajz;ajz; n grain oD;ESH\taph? nufanmrI

28 grand – habit adj grand crf;em;aom? 1000ESifhqdkifaom n grandchild ajr; n granddaughter ajr;rdef;uav; n grandfather tzdk; n grandmother tzGm; n grandparent tzdk;tzGm; n grandson ajr;a,mufsm;uav; n grape ojypfoD; n graph tedrfhtjrifhjyZ,m;? *&yfuGuf n grass jruf? jrufcif;? aq;ajcmufyif adj grateful aus;Zl;wif&Sdaom n grave vlaojr§Kyf&mae&m adj great BuD;us,faom? tvGefaumif;aom n greed vdkcsifwyfrufrI adj greedy avmbBuD;aom adj green tpdrf;a&mifjzpfaom v greet EIwfqufonf n greeting EIwfqufjcif; pt v grew *see grow adj grey rD;cdk;a&mifjzpfaom? qHyifjzLaeaom n grief 0rf;enf;ausuGJrI v grieve 0rf;enf;rIMuHKae&aom v grill (cooking) rD;uifonf gross adj 1. total pkpkaygif; colloq 2. disgusting odu©mr&Sdaom ground n 1. earth ajrBuD; adj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) atmufqHk;ae&mjzpfaom n group tpk? tzGJU? tkyfpk phrase group of students ausmif;om;wpfpk v grow BuD;xGm;onf n grown-up t&G,fa&mufonf v guard tapmifh? udk,f&Hawmf n guardian xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufol v guess rSef;qonf n guest {nfhonf guide n 1. leader acgif;aqmif v 2. show the way a&SUaqmifvrf;jyonf n guilt tjypf? tjypf&Sdonf[kcHpm;csuf adj guilty tjypf&Sdaom n guitar *pfwm n gum tree ,luvpfyif abbrev gym *see gymnasium n gymnasium tm;upm;&Hk H n habit tavhtusifh

29 had – have pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition) rdk;oD; n hailstorm rdk;oD;rkefwdkif; n hair qHyif? tarT; n haircut qHo? qHyifn§yfjcif; adj halal vnfvSD;om; half adj 1. equal part of wpf0uf phrase 2. half-past eight &Spfem&DcGJ n hall cef;r? tcef;us,fBuD; n hallway t0if0cef;r? tcef;ab;rSvloGm;pMuFef v halve xufcsrf;csrf;onf/? wpf0ufydkif;onf n hamburger tom;n§yfaygifrkefYvHk; n hammer wl hand n 1. body part vuf n 2. hand-out jzefYcsDonf? a0iSonf phr v 3. hand in vma&mufydkYonf n handbag vufudkiftdwf? vufayGUtdyf n handball vufypfabm handle n 1. thing that may be held vufudkif v 2. touch udkifwG,fonf adj handsome acsmarmaom? qGJaqmifrI&Sdaom n handwriting vufa&; hang v 1. suspend wGJavmif;csonf? csdwfonf? BudK;ay;onf phr v 2. hang around (loiter) twlwGJoGm;vmonf phr v 3. hang onto (hold) ukdifxm;onf phr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) csxm;vdkufonf int 5. Hang on! (wait) ceav;apmifhyg v happen jzpfyGm;onf n happiness aysmf&TifrI? pdwfcsrf;ajrUjcif; adj happy aysmf&Tifaom? auseyfaom n harbour oabFmqdyf? cdkvHIp&mae&m hard adj 1. difficult cufcJonf adj 2. not soft rmonf adv hardly (rarely) &Sm;yg;pGm? cufcJpGm v harm xdcdkufysufpD;aponf n harvest oD;ESH&dwfodrf;jcif;? aumuf&defodrf;csdef n hat OD;xkyf? acgif;aqmif; v hate rkef;wD;onf have v 1. own &dSonf phrase 2. have a headache acgif;rl;onf phrase 3. have dinner npmpm;onf phrase 4. have a hair cut qHyifn§yfonf phr v 5. have on (wear) 0wfqifonf

30 have to – his phr v have to (be compelled to) rvkyfraevkyf&rSmjzpfonf pron he ol (trsKd;om;) head n 1. body part acgif;? OD;acgif; n 2. leader acgif;aqmif n headache acgif;udkufjcif;? acgif;rl;jcif; n heading (title) acgif;pOf n health usef;rma&; adj healthy usef;rma&;aumif;aom n heap (pile) tyHkvdkuf? rsm;pGm v hear Mum;onf pt v heard *see hear n heart ESvHk;? cHpm;rI v heat v 1. warm ylavmifonf n 2. warmth tyl n heater (appliance) tyl"gwfay;ud&d,m adj heavy av;vHaom n height tjrifh pt v held *see hold n helicopter &[wf,mOf? [,fvDaumfywm int hello [Jvdk help n 1. aid tultnD? taxmuftyHh phrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) udk,fhbmom,lpm;yg colloq phr 3. I can’t help it (I have no control uREfkyfbmrQrwwfEdkifbl; over it) adj helpful tultnD&aom n hemisphere xkvHk;\wpf0uf? urÇmh\wpfjcrf; her phrase 1. ask her olrudkar;yg phrase 2. her book olr\pmtkyf adv here þae&mwGif? þae&modkY n hero ol&Jaumif; v hesitate wkefYqdkif;onf? pdwfrygbJjzpfonf n hexagon q|*H? axmifhajcmufaxmifhyg&Sdaom int hi [dkif; (EIwfqufjcif;) pt v hid *see hide v hide zHk;uG,fxm;onf high adj 1. tall jrifhaom adj 2. as for musical note wufoH phrase high-heeled shoe a'gufjrifhzdeyf n high school txufwef;ausmif; n hill ukef;? awmifukef;? pron him ol? olUudk n hip wifyg; v hire iSm;&rf;onf pron his olydkifqdkifaom

31 history – however n history ordkif;? &mZ0if? twdwfrSwfwrf; hit v 1. strike &dkufonf? ypfcwfonf colloq 2. winner a&mif;&tvGefaumif;onf v hitch-hike um;MuHK&Sm&if;c&D;oGm;onf n hobby 0goem hold v 1. grasp qkyfudkifonf n 2. hold-up (robbery) "g;jywdkufjcif;? tEkMurf;pD;jcif; n 3. hold-up (delay) aESmufaES;apjcif; int 4. Hold it! (stop) &yfvdkufyg colloq phr 5. hold on (wait) ceapmifhyg n hole tayguf? *vdkPf? wGif; n holiday tm;vyf&uf? tvkyfem;&uf adj hollow bmrQr&Sdaom? twGif;ütacgif;ygaom adj holy jrifhjrwfaom n home tdrf? arG;&yfajr adj homesick tdrfudkvGrf;qGwfaom n homework (school work you tdrfpm do at home) n honest &dk;om;aom hook n 1. curved piece of metal csdwfaumuf v 2. catch zrf;rdonf hope n 1. expectation arQmfvifhjcif; v 2. wish qkawmif;onf n horizon rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif; horn n 1. animal part wd&pämef\OD;csKd n 2. car part um;[Gef; adj horrible aMumufrufzG,fjzpfaom n horror &GHrkef;xdwfvefYjcif; n horse jrif; n hospital aq;&Hk n host tdrf&Sif? {nfhcHol n hostel taqmif hot adj 1. very warm ylonf colloq 2. very good vlBudKufrsm;onf n hotel a[mfw,f? wnf;cdkcef; n hotplate xrif;[if;csufonfhtyljym;? rD;zdk n hour em&D n house tdrf n housework (domestic work) tdrfwGif;rStvkyf how adv 1. in what way b,fvdkenf;eJYvJ colloq phr 2. how come? (why) b,fvdkaMumifhjzpfwmvJ? conj however 'gayrJh

32 huge – industry adj huge BuD;rm;aom human adj 1. of people vlESifhqdkifaom n 2. human being vl n humour [mo n hung *see hang adj hungry qmavmifrGwfodwfaom v hunt trJvdkufonf? &SmazGonf hurry v 1. move quickly jrefjrefoGm;onf colloq phr 2. hurry up jrefjrefvkyf hurt v 1. injure xdcdkufemusifaponf adj 2. wounded xdcdkuf'Pf&m n hut wJtdrf I pron I uREfkyf n ice a&cJ? a&cJrkefY n ice-cream a&cJrkefY adj ideal ajcmufjypfuif;aom conj if tu,fí adj ill usef;rma&;raumif;aom adj illegal w&m;r0ifaom? Oya'ESifhrnDaom n illness zsm;emjcif; n illustration o&kyfjy? o&kyfjypmapmif v imagine pdwful;onf? awG;Munfhonf adj immediate csufjcif;jyKvkyfaom adv immediately csufjcif; n immigrant EdkifiHjcm;rSajymif;vmol adj important ta&;BuD;aom adj impossible rjzpfEdkifaom v improve wdk;wufonf in prep 1. indicates enclosed place txJrSm? twGif;rSm phrase 2. in Australia MopaMw;vsm;rSm phrase 3. in January ZEé0g&DvrSm phrase 4. in English t*Fvdyfvdk phrase 5. in pencil cJwHESifh phrase 6. in love cspfrdaeonf phrase 7. in danger tEå&m,fESifh&ifqdkifae&onf phrase 8. in time (not late) tcsdefrD v include yg0ifaponf? xnfhonf n income vpm? 0ifaiG adj incorrect rSm;aom? rwdusaom v increase xyfwdk;onf n index rmwdum adj indoor tdrftwGif; n industry puf&Hk? pufrIvkyfief;

33 infect – is v infect a&m*gul;pufonf n infection a&m*gul;pufrI v influence MoZmanmif;jcif; n influenza wkyfauG; v inform owif;ay;ydkYonf? tpD&ifcHonf n information owif;tcsuftvuf? odaumif;p&m prep in front of ta&SUrSm v inhabit aexdkifonf n inhabitant aexdkifolrsm; initial adj 1. first tpOD;jzpfaom n 2. first letter of name trnf\tpOD;pmvHk; n injection xdk;aq; v injure xdcdkuf'Pf&m&onf n injury xdcdkuf'Pf&m adj inner twGif;rSm&Sdaom adj innocent tjypfr&Sdaom n insect ydk;rTm; v insert xnfhonf prep inside twGif;rSm v insist pGJNrJawmif;qdkonf instant n 1. moment ceav; adj 2. immediate csufjcif;jzpfaom? tvsifvdkaom adv instead wpfckck wpfa,mufa,muftpm; v instruct ñTefMum;onf? trdefYay;onf? cdkif;onf n instruction ñTefMum;csuf? trdefY n instrument (musical) wl&d,mypönf; n insurance tmrcH adj intelligent OmPfxufjrufaom v intend &nf&G,fonf n interest twdk;? pdwf0ifpm;rI adj interested pdwf0ifpm;rI&Sdaom adj interesting pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;aom n Internet tifwmeuf v interrupt Mum;jzwfajymonf? vkyfaqmifonf n intersection vrf;qHkvrf;cG n interview vlawGUar;jref;jcif; prep into txJodkY v introduce rdwfqufay;onf n introduction (of a book) rdwfqufjcif; v invent wDxGifonf n invitation zdwfMum;pm? zdwfMum;rI v invite zdwfMum;onf iron n 1. metal oHowåK n 2. household appliance tdrf&dkufoH v 3. as for clothing rD;ylwdkufonf prt v is *see be

34 island – keyboard n island uRef; it pron 1. subject ,cifujyqdkcJhNyD;aomt&m? uwåm;yk'f pron 2. object ,cifujyqdkcJhNyD;aomt&m? uHyk'f pron its (possessive) xdkt&m? xdkol..\ J n jacket tay:tusÐ n jail axmif? tcsKyf n jar zefbl;t&Snf? bD,mzefcGuf adj jealous remvdk0efwdkjzpfaeaom n jeans *sif;abmif;bD? tusÐ n jet *sufav,mOf n jewel tzdk;wefausmufrsuf n jewellery a&TaiG&wemvuf0wfvuf[pm;rsm; n job tvkyftudkif v jog avhusifhcef;tjzpf ajz;ajz;ajy;onf n jogger avhusifhcef;tjzpf ajz;ajz;ajy;ol join v 1. unite aygif;pnf;onf? yl;aygif;onf v 2. as a club yg0ifonf? tzGJU0ifonf adj joint qHkonfhae&m? qufonfhae&m n joke [mo n journey c&D; n joy aysmf&TifrI judge n 1. person in court w&m;olBuD; v 2. make a decision about pOf;pm;qHk;jzwfonf n judgment qHk;jzwfcsuf n judo *sL'dk n juice t&nf v jump ckefonf n jumper (clothing) acgif;pGyfygaomtusÐ just adv 1. only 'gwpfck?wpfrsKd;bJ&Sdaom adj 2. fair w&m;rQwaom K n kangaroo om;ydkufaumif keep v 1. hold on to xdef;odrf;xm;onf phr v 2. keep away a0;a0;a&Smifonf phr v 3. keep going qufoGm;onf phr v 4. keep out r0if& phr v 5. keep up qufvkyfyg? qufBudK;pm;yg colloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in q&m? q&mruac:xm;vdkY pt v kept *see keep n key aomhwH? cvkwf n keyboard cvkyfcHk

35 keyring – large n keyring aomhuGif; n keyword pum;0Sufaomhcsuf? ta&;BuD;pum;vHk; v kick uefonf colloq kid (child) uav; v kill owfonf n killer vlowform;? owfol kind adj 1. good hearted MuifemrI&Sdaom n 2. type trsKd;tpm; n kindness MuifemrI n king bk&if v kiss erf;onf n kitchen rD;zdk n knee 'l;acgif;? 'l;qpf v kneel 'l;axmufonf pt v knelt *see kneel pt v knew *see know n knife 'g; v knit ,ufvkyfonf n knob bkvHk; v knock wHcg;acgufonf n knot txHk; know v 1. understand odonf v 2. be acquainted with tuRrf;0ifonf phrase 3. Let me know (tell me) ajymjyyg n koala udktmvmowå0g n kookaburra xl;qef;onfhtoHESifhatmfaomiSufwpfrsKd; L abbrev lab *see laboratory n label trSwftom;u'fjym; n laboratory "gwfcGJcef; n labour tvkyf v lack vdktyfjcif;?csKdUwJhjcif; n lad vli,fav;? aumifav; n ladder avScg; pt v laid *see lay n lake a&uef n lamp zefrD;tdrf land n 1. opposite of sea ukef;ajr n 2. country EdkifiH v 3. as for plane av,mOfqif;oufonf n language bmompum; lap n 1. body part aygif n 2. distance in a pool a&ul;uefwpfvsm; adj large BuD;rm;aom

36 last – less

last adj 1. opposite of first aemufqHk; v 2. endure wm&SnfcHonf adv lastly aemufqHk;tm;jzifh adj late (opposite of early) aemufusaom adv lately rMumrDu adv later aemufrS v laugh aysmf&Tif&,farmonf n laughter &,farmjcif;? &,farmoH n laundry t0wfavQnfonfhae&m? yifrif;qdkif n law w&m;Oya' n lawn jrufcif; n lawyer a&SUae lay v 1. as for eggs OOonf v 2. put xm;onf adj lazy ysif;aeaom? ysif;&daom lead v 1. go first a&SUrSoGm;onf? acgif;aqmifonf n 2. holder for a dog acG;vnfywfxdef; n leader acgif;aqmif n leadership acgif;aqmifrI n leaf t&Guf v leak pdrfhNyD;,dkusonf lean v 1. incline ,dkifaeonf adj 2. thin yg;vTmaom v leap ckefonf n leap year &ufxyfESpf v learn oif,lonf pt v learnt *see learn adj least tao;i,fqHk;aom n leather om;a& leave v 1. separate from pGefYfcGmonf n 2. time off cGifh phr v 3. leave alone raESmuf,SufbJaeonf phr v 4. leave on qufíxm;onf phr v 5. leave out csefvSyfonf pt v led *see lead pt v left *see leave adj left (opposite of right) b,fbuf? vuf0Jbuf adj left-handed b,foef n leg ajcaxmuf? ajcaxmufydkif; n lemon oHyk,dkoD;? oHyk,dkyif v lend acs;onf? iSm;onf n length tvsm; pt v lent *see lend adv less avsmhonf? enf;onf

37 lesson – lizard n lesson ocFef;pm let v 1. allow cGifhjyKonf v 2. rent iSm;onf letter n 1. as of alphabet tu©&mpmvHk; n 2. correspondence pm n letterbox pmwdkufyHk; n lettuce qvyf&Guf? qvyfyif adj level tqifhwlaom? a&jyifnDjzpfaom n liar vlvdrf? vlnm n library pmMunfhwdkuf n licence vdkifpif? cGifhjyKcsuf v lick vQmESifhvsufonf n lid tzHk; lie v 1. tell untruths vdrfnmonf phr v 2. lie down vSJtdyfonf n life touf n lifesaver toufu,fol lift v 1. raise rç onf n 2. elevator "gwfavScg; n 3. car ride um;MuHKvdkufjcif; light n 1. opposite of darkness tvif;? tvif;a&mif n 2. as for electric light vQyfppfrD;a&mif adj 3. not dark vif;aom adj 4. not heavy ayghyg;aom n lighter (as for cigarettes) rD;cspf n lightning vQyfpD;vufjcif; like v 1. be fond of ESpfoufonf prep 2. similar to qifwlaom n limit uefYowfcsuf n line rsOfaMumif;? pmaMumif; n lip EIwfcrf; n liquid t&nf n list pm&if; v listen em;axmifonf pt v lit *see light n litter trdIufo&dkuf? xrf;pif adj little tenf;i,frQaom live v 1. exist touf&Sdonf? aexdkifonf adj 2. opposite of dead touf&Sdaeaom? touf&Sifaom n living (job) tvkyftudkif n living room taxGtaxGtoHk;jyKonfhtcef; n lizard ykwfoif

38 load – lunch v load wifonf n lobster ausmufykpGef local n 1. person from a particular area a'ocH adj 2. pertaining to an area a'oESifhqdkifaom n location wnfae&m v lock aomhcwfonf? ydwfavSmifonf n log (wood) opfwHk; n lolly wkwfxdk;oMum;jym;? wkwfxdk;oMum;vHk; adj lonely taz:r&Sdaom? wpfudk,fwnf; long adj 1. opposite of short &Snfaom phr v 2. long for (want) arQmfvifhwrf;wonf phrase 3. How long? (as time) b,favmufMumMumvJ? phrase 4. How long? (as length) b,favmuf&Snf&SnfvJ? phrase 5. long ago MumNyD? [dk;wHk;u look n 1. glance waphwapmif;tMunfh phr v 2. look at Munfhonf phr v 3. look after jyKpkapmifha&Smufonf phr v 4. look for &SmazGonf phr v 5. look forward to arQmfvifhaeonf phr v 6. look up to tm;udk;onf phrase 7. look like (resemble) qifwlonf adj loose acsmifaeaom lose v 1. opposite of find aysmufqHk;onf v 2. opposite of win &HI;edrfhonf? phrase 3. she lost her mother (her qHk;&HI;onf mother died) n loss qHk;&HI;rI pt v lost *see lose lot n 1. destiny uHw&m; phrase 1. a lot of tvGefw&m adj loud us,favmifaom n lounge room {nfhcef; love n 1. passionate affection cspfjcif;arwåm v 2. feel passionate cspfonf? jrwfEdk;onf adj low edrfhaom n lower case pmvHki,frsm; adj loyal opöm&Sdaom n luck uHw&m;? ukodkvfuH adj lucky uHaumif;onf n lump zkvHk;? tzk n lunch aeYvnfpm

39 machine – match

M n machine pufud&d,m mad adj 1. angry pdwfqdk;aom adj 2. insane &l;oGwfaom? pdwfrESHUaom colloq phr 3. mad about (loves) t&l;trl;pdwfvIyf&Sm;aom n madam trsKd;orD;wpfOD;udk,Ofaus;pGmEIwfqufjcif; pt v made *see make n magazine r*¾Zif;? pmapmif n magic rsufvSnfh? arSmftwwf n magpie tjzLa&mifygonfhusD;uef;wpfrsKd; mail n 1. correspondence pm v 2. send pmydkYonf adj main t"du make v 1. manufacture jyKvkyfonf phrase 2. make the bed tdyf&mjyifonf phrase 3. make friends rdwfaqGzGJUonf phr v 4. make up (reconcile) jyefn§donf n make up (cosmetics) rdwfuyf adj male txD; n mammal aoG;aEG;íEdkYwdkufaom ausm&dk;&Sdowå0g n man a,mufsm;? vl? t&G,fa&mufNyD;ol v manage uGyfuJonf? wm0ef,lonf? BuD;Muyfonf n manager uGyfuJol? BuD;Muyfol n mandarin ref'&if n mango o&ufoD;? o&ufyif n manner (way) vkyfyHkvkyfenf; n manners (pertaining to polite trlt&m? tjyKtrl behaviour) v manufacture ypönf;xkwfvkyfonf adj many rsm;pGmaom n map ajryHk n margin (of a book) rsOf;aMumif; n marijuana aq;ajcmuf mark v 1. correct tajzvTmpDppfonf n 2. numerical value for work t&nftcsif;udkjyoonfh udef;*Pmef; n 3. spot tpuftrSwf n market aps; n marriage w&m;0iftdrfaxmifjyKjcif;? vufxyfjcif; v marry w&m;0iftdrfaxmifjyKonf? vufxyfonf n mat zsm match v 1. suit udkufnDonf n 2. implement for lighting rD;cspf

40 mate – midday n 3. game tm;upm;NydKifyGJ n mate (friend) rdwfaqG? b0wlvkyfom; n material ypönf; n mathematics *Pmef;ocFsm abbrev maths *see mathematics matter n 1. substance &kyf0wåK phrase 2. What’s the matter? bmjzpfwmvJ? phrase 3. It matters a lot odwfqdkifwmaygh v may (allowed to) ..cGifhjyKonf adv maybe jzpfEdkifonf pron me uREfkyf n meal wpfeyfpm tpm;tpm mean v 1. intend qdkvdkonf n 2. average ysrf;rQ phrase 3. I didn’t mean it (accidental) r&nf&G,fyg n meaning qdkvdkcsuf? t"dyÜg,f n means (resources) enf;vrf; pt v meant *see mean adv meanwhile Mum;umvrSm v measure wdkif;wmonf n measurement wwdkif;twm n meat tom; n meat pie tom;ygaomrkefYwpfrsKd; n mechanic pufjyif n medication aq;0g;jzifhukojcif; n medicine a&m*g&SmazG? uko? umuG,frIynm? aq;0g; adj medium qufoG,f&efenf;vrf;jzpfaom v meet awGUqHkonf n melon z&JoD; v melt t&nfaysmfonf n member toif;0if? tzGJU0if v memorise rSwfrdaponf n memory rSwfOmPf v mend jyKjyifonf adj mental pdwfydkif;ESifhqdkifaom v mention az:jyonf? xnfhajymonf menu n 1. list in restaurant [if;vsmpm&if; n 2. list on a computer uGefjyLwmay:rSpm&if; n mess xrif;pm;aqmif? npfywfaejcif; n message owif;pum;? pt v met *see meet n metal owåK n method enf;vrf; n microscope tEkMunfhrSefbDvl; n microwave (oven) rdkufc&dka0hAfrD;zdk n midday aeYvnfcsdef? rGef;wnfhcsdef

41 middle – moist

middle adj 1. central tv,fwGif&Sdaom n 2. centre A[dk adj middle-aged vlvwfydkif;t&G,f n midnight noef;acgif might v 1. express possibility vkyfEdkifonf n 2. strength tiftm; n migrant ajymif;a&TUtajccsol adj mild El;nHhaom? aysmhajymif;aom n military ppfwyf n milk EGm;EdkY? EdkY? rdcifEdkY n milkbar EGm;EdkYESifh EdkYxGufypönfrsm;a&mif;onfhqdkif mind n 1. consciousness odrI? tm&Hkpdkufjcif; phrase 2. Keep in mind owd&onf phrase 3. Never mind (don’t worry) pdwfrylygeJY phrase 4. I don’t mind udpör&Sdbl; phrase 5. Mind the step (be careful of avScg;udk owdxm; the step) mine pron 1. possessive uREfkyf\ n 2. underground excavation owåKwGif; n mineral "gwfowåK n minister (government) 0efBuD; prep minus Ekwfí minute n 1. unit of time rdepf adj 2. very small ao;i,faom n mirror MunfhrSef adj miserable tvGefpdwfqif;&J&aom v misplace txm;rSm;onf? todrf;vGefonf miss n 1. woman’s title r? a': v 2. long for vGrf;onf v 3. opposite of hit vGJacsmfonf adj missing aysmufaeaom? avsmhaeaom n Missus a':? ZeD; n Mister OD; n mistake trSm; v misunderstand txifvGJrSm;onf v mix a&maESmonf n mixture ta&mtaESm n mobile phone rdkbdkif;w,fvDzkef; model n 1. representation erlem? yHkao; n 2. person who shows clothes udk,f[efjyr,f adj modern acwfrDaom adj modest &SufaMumufwwfaom adj moist pGwfpdkaom

42 moment – naked n moment wdkawmif;aomtcsdef n money aiGaMu;? ydkufqH n monitor (computer) uGefjyLwmwGifoHk;aomt&m n month v n mood (frame of mind) pdwf/cHpm;rI tajctae n moon v adj moral udk,fusifhodu©mESifhqdkifaom adv more ydkrdkaom? rsm;aom n morning eHeufcif; n mosque AvD adj most trsm;qHk;jzpfaom n mother tar? rdcif n motor armfawmf? puf n motor bike armfawmfqdkifu,ftao; n motor scooter pulwm mouse n 1. animal

43 name – nobody

name n 1. title tqifh phrase 2. given name ac:onfhtrnf phrase 3. family name rdom;pktrnf adj narrow usOf;ajrmif;aom adj nasty rESpfjrdKUzG,fjzpfaom n nation EdkifiH adj nationality vlrsKd; adj native a'ocHaexdkifol nature n 1. person’s character p&dkuf n 2. environment obm0 ywf0ef;usif prep near teD;? eD;uyfpGm adv nearby teD;wGif&Sdjcif; adv nearly vkeD;yg; adj neat oyf&yfNyD; pepfusaom adj necessary vdktyfaom n neck vnfyif; v need vdktyfonf n needle vufcsKyfftyf negative n 1. film zvife*¾wpf adj 2. opposite of positive rrSefaom v neglect ypfy,fxm;onf n neighbour tdrfeD;jcif; adv neither ESpfckvHk; wpfckrSr[kwfaom n nerve tm&HkaMum adj nervous pdefvIyf&Sm;onf n nest iSufodkuf net n 1. trap ydkufuGef n 2. sport equipment tm;tpm;ydkuf abbrev Net * see Internet n netball (game) ydkufabmupm;jcif; adv never b,faomtcgrQ adj new topf n newspaper owif;pm next adv 1. after this aemufNyD; adj 2. following aemufxyfygaom phrase 3. next door ab;rStdrf adj nice aumif;aom n night n? ntcg n nightclub nuvyf n night dress n0wftusÐ no int 1. opposite yes r[kwf? rrSef det 2. not at all vHk;0rrSefbl; pron nobody rnfolrQr[kwf

44 nocturnal – obvious adj nocturnal nwGifvIyf&Sm;aom v nod acgif;ndwfonf n noise qlnHoH? toH adv noisily qlnHpGm adj noisy qlnHaom pron none wpfckrQr[kwf n noon rGef;wnfh pron no-one b,folrQr[kwf conj nor r[kwf? r&Sd adj normal yHkrSefjzpfaom n north ajrmuft&yf n nose ESmacgif; n nosebleed ESmacgif;aoG;,dkonf adv not r[kwf? trSm; note n 1. money aiGpuúL n 2. short piece of writing twdkcsKyfrSwfom;jcif; phrase 3. take note (be careful) owdxm; phrase 4. take notes vdkufrSwfjcif; pron nothing bmrQr[kwf n notice EdkYwpfpm? owday;pm n notice board aMumfjimoifykef; n noun emrf n novel 0wåK&Snfpmtkyf adv now ,ck adv nowadays ,aeYtcsdeftcgrSm adv nowhere b,frSmrQ adj nude udk,fvHk;wD; number n 1. numeral udef;*Pmef; v 2. count a&wGufonf phrase 3. a number of tawmfrsm;rsm; abbrev 4. no. (see number) n nurse olemjyK nut n 1. fruit tcGHrmopfoD; colloq 2. mad person &l;aygayg n nutrition tpmtm[m& O adj obedient &dkaoudkif;&dIif;aom v obey vdkufemonf? emcHjyKrlonf object n 1. thing ypönf; n 2. aim &nf&G,fcsuf v 3. be against uefYuGufonf n objection uefYuGufrI v obtain &,lonf adj obvious xif&Sm;aom

45 occasion – only n occasion tcrf;tem; adv occasionally tcgtm;avsmfpGm n occupation tvkyftudkif n ocean ork'´&m adv o’clock em&D odd adj 1. strange xl;qef;aeaom phrase 2. odd number r *Pmef; prep of rlvtaMumif;&if;udk jyonf int of course 'gaygh off adv 1. away from ta0;odkY prep 2. opposite on cvkyfydwfjcif; colloq phr 3. Off you go! oGm;ayawmh n offence w&m;r0ifaomvkyf&yf offer n 1. proposal urf;vSrf;csuf v 2. present for approval urf;vSrf;onf n office &Hk; n officer t&m&Sd adj official wm0ef&Sdaom adv often rMumcPjzpfaom int oh! trav;µ oil n 1. of petroleum "gwfqD v 2. grease acsmqDxnfhonf int okay aumif;onf? aumif;NyD old adj 1. opposite new ta[mif;jzpfaom adj 2. opposite young toufBuD;aom n old age oufBuD;&G,ftdk adj old-fashioned a&S;qefaom on prep 1. representing location tay:rSm adj 2. opposite off cvkyfydwfxm;aom phrase 3. on fire rD;avmifaeaom phrase 4. on foot ajcvsif phrase 5. on time tcsdefrD phrase 6. on holidays cGifhoGm;aeonf? tem;,laeonf phrase 7. on the left b,fbufrSm phrase 8. on the right nmbufrSm phrase 9. on top tay:rSm once adv 1. one time wpfBudrfwpfcg phrase 2. at once csufcsif; phrase 3. once a week wpfygwfwpfcg adj one ta&twGuftm;jzifhwpfck n onion MuufoGef adv only wpfckwnf;om

46 open – overcrowded

open adj 1. opposite of closed yGifhaeaom phrase 2. in the open (outside) tjyifbufrSm n opening [if;vif;jyif operate v 1. work vkyfaqmifonf v 2. carry out surgery cGJpdwfonf n operation cGJpdwfukorI n opinion tMuHOmPf n opportunity tcGifhtvrf; v oppose qefYusifonf n opposite qefYusifbuf orange adj 1. colour vdar®mfa&mif n 2. fruit vdar®mfoD;? vdar®mfyif n orchestra wl&d,mpHkwD;0dkif;BuD; order n 1. numerical sequence eHywfpOftwdkif; n 2. direction for a supply ypönf;rSm,ljcif; v 3. put in sequence pepfwusxm;onf v 4. arrange supply of ypönf;rSm,lonf adj ordinary &dk;&dk; organ n 1. musical instrument wl&d,matmf*if n 2. body part cE¨mudk,ftpdwftydkif; n organisation tzGJUtpnf; v organise zGJUpnf;onf? pnf;&Hk;onf n origin rlv? rl&if; pron other tjcm; conj otherwise odkYr[kwfygu pron our uREfkyfwdkY\ out adv 1. opposite in tjyif prep 2. out of ..xJrS phrase 3. Lights out! rD;ydwf phrase 4. made out of ..jzifhjyKvkyfonf phrase 5. out of bounds roGm;&ae&m phrase 6. out of date acwfrrDawmhaom phrase 7. out of order ysufaeaom phrase 8. out of work tvkyfr&Sdaom adv outside tjyifbufrSm adj oval (shape) MuufOyHk &Snfarsmarsm over adv 1. finished NyD;NyDjzpfaom prep 2. pertaining to location tay:rSm phrase 3. over and over cece phrase 4. over there [dkay:rSm phrase 5. fall over vJusonf adj overcrowded vlrsm;jynfhusyfaeonf

47 overdo – pass v overdo vdktyfonfxuf ydkvkyfonf adj overdue owfrSwfcsdefxuf ausmfvGefaeNyDjzpfaom n overhead projector ydwfum;ay: t&dyfjyonfhpuf v overhear trSwfwrJhMum;onf? acsmif;em;axmifonf adj overnight wpfnwmtwGuf adv overseas yifv,f&yfjcm;? EdkifiHjcm; v oversleep Edk;&rnfhtcsdefxuf ausmfvGeftdyfonf v overtake ausmfwufonf v owe a

48 passage – persuade v 3. hand over vufqifhurf;ay;onf phrase 4. train pass &xm;vufrSwf n passage t0iftxGuf? vrf; n passenger c&D;onf n passport EdkifiHul;vufrSwf past n 1. time gone by vGefcJhaom tcsdefumv phrase 2. walk past jzwfoGm;onf phrase 3. half past three oHk;em&DcGJ phrase 4. past tense vGefcJhaom tcsdefumvESifhqdkifaom n pasta rkefYzwf (*sHK) paste n 1. glue aumf v 2. stick with paste aumfjzifhokwfonf n path vrf;aMumif; patient n 1. a person under medical vlem treatment adj 2. calm under stress pdwfwnfNidrfrI&Sdaom n pause &yfem;jcif;? &yfqdkif;rI n paw ajcoJvufoJygaom wd&pämefajcz0g; pay n 1. earnings vpm v 2. provide with money ay;onf n pea yJaph n peace Nidrf;csrf;a&; adj peaceful Nidrf;csrf;aom n pen azgifwdefyif n pencil cJwH n pencil case cJwHabmyifxnfhtdwf n penguin yif*Gif;iSuf n pentagon yOö*H n pepper i&kyfaumif; adv per cent 100 vQif n percentage &mcdkifEIef; adj perfect jynfhpHkaom? tjypfuif;aom v perform jyKvkyfonf? o&kyfaqmifonf n perfume a&arT; adv perhaps jzpfaumif;jzpfrnf period n 1. school day division umv? oifwef;csdef n 2. pertaining to menstruation "r®wmaoG;qif;csdef n 3. amount of time Mumjrifhaomtcsdef n permission cGifhjyKcsuf permit n 1. licence vdkifpif v 2. allow cGifhjyKonf n person vlom;wpfOD;jcif; v persuade qGJaqmifonf

49 pet – plate n pet tdrfarG;wd&pämef n petrol "gwfqD abbrev phone *see telephone n photocopy rdwåLul;onf photograph n 1. picture "gwfyHk v 2. take a picture "gwfyHk&dkufonf n phrase t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom wdkawmif;onfh pum;pk adj physical cE¨mudk,fESifhqdkifaom n pianist pE´,m;wD;ol n piano pE´,m; pick v 1. choose a&G;cs,fonf colloq phr 2. pick on (bully) Adkvfusonf? *sDusonf colloq phr 3. pick up some English t*Fvdyfpm eJeJavhvmonf phrase 4. take your pick oifBudKuf&ma&G;yg n picnic aysmfyGJpm; n picture "gwfyHk? yef;csD n piece tydkif;tpi,f n pile tpktyHk n pill aq;awmifh? aq;cJ n pillow acgif;tHk; n pilot av,mOfarmif; n pin yiftyf? wG,ftyf n pineapple emewfoD; n pipe aq;wH? ydkuf pity n 1. shame oem;jcif; v 2. feel sorry for oem;pdwfjzpfonf place n 1. location ae&m v 2. put xm;onf phrase 3. take place (occur) jzpfonf phrase 4. my place (home) tdrf plain n 1. field uGif;jyif adj 2. ordinary omref? &dk;&dk; phrase 3. It’s plain (clear) &Sif;&Sif; plan n 1. scheme tpDtpOf v 2. organise pDpOfaqmif&Gufonf abbrev plane *see aeroplane n planet N*dK[f n plant tyif plastic adj 1. resinous substance yvwfpwpf n 2. mouldable yHkoGif;Edkifaom n plate (household item) yef;uefjym;

50 platform – pool

platform n 1. on station &xm;yvufazgif; n 2. for diving 'dkifAifxdk;pOf &yf&ef opfom;jym; n platypus yvufwDywfpfowå0g play n 1. drama jyZmwf v 2. have fun aemufajymifonf phrase 3. play a game upm;onf phrase 4. play a CD pD'Dem;axmifonf n playground upm;uGif; adj pleasant pdwfMunfEl;zG,faumif;aom int please aus;Zl;jyKí adj pleased auseyfonf n pleasure aysmf&TifrI? om,mrI? n plenty rsm;pGm plug n 1. stopper tqdkY n 2. electrical rD;yvyf phr v 3. plug in yvyfxdk;xnfhonf plural adj 1. more than one wpfckxufydkaom n 2. grammar form A[k0kpf prep plus taygif;? aygif;vQif pocket n 1. pouch tdwfayguf n 2. pocket money rkefYzdk; n poem uAsm n poet pmqdk? uAsmq&m n poetry uAsm point n 1. sharp end cRefaom n 2. reason tcsuftvuf n 3. numerical value udef;*Pmef;wefbdk; v 4. gesture with finger vufñ§dK;xdk;jyonf phr v 5. point out axmufjyonf phrase 6. point of view tjrif v poke vufacsmif;ESifhxdk;onf n pole wdkifvHk; n police &J polish n 1. substance used for shining ta&mifwifqD v 2. make glossy ta&mifwifonf adj polite vdrfrm,Ofaus;aom n politics EdkifiHa&; v pollute npfnrf;aponf n pollution npfnrf;rI n pool (of water) a&uefi,fuav;

51 poor – preparation

poor adj 1. opposite rich qif;&Jaom adj 2. not very good nHhzsif;aom colloq 3. pitiable oem;p&maumif;aom abbrev pop *see popular adj popular vlBudKufrsm;aom n population vlOD;a& position n 1. location wnfae&m n 2. viewpoint on &Ijrifonfhtjrif positive adj 1. opposite negative taygif;vu©Pm adj 2. sure aocsmonf v possess ydkifqdkifonf n possession ydkifqdkifrI adj possible jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom n possum owå0gwpfrsKd; v post pmxnfhonf n postage stamp wHqdyfacgif; n postcard ydkYpu'f n post office pmwdkuf n poster ydkpwm n pot (container) tdk; n potato tmvl; n pot plant tdk;xJpdkuf&aom yef;yif n pouch tdwf n powder aygif'grIefY power n 1. strength cGeftm;? tiftm; phrase 2. in power (in charge) tmPm&Sd adj powerful tm;&Sdaom? tmPm&Sdaom n power point vQyfppfyvyfayguf adj practical vufawGUusaom n practice tavhtusifh v practise avhusifhonf praise n 1. appoval axmufcHrI v 2. express approval csD;usL;onf v pray qkawmif;onf n prayer qkawmif; adj precious wefzdk;&Sdaom v prefer ydkíESpfoufonf adj pregnant udk,f0ef&Sdaeaom n prejudice bufvdkufjcif; premier n 1. state government leader 0efBuD;csKyf adj 2. leading a&SUaqmif n preparation BudKwifjyifqifrI

52 prepare – progress v prepare BudKwifjyifqifonf n preposition 0dbwf n prescription (doctor’s) q&m0efaq;pm present n 1. gift vufaqmif v 2. give out ay;onf adj 3. opposite absent ausmif;rSm&Sdonf phrase 4. at present (now) ,cktcsdef? ,aeYumv n president or®w press n 1. media owif;axmuf? owif;pmrsm; v 2. push zdwGef;onf v pretend [efaqmifonf adj pretty acsmarmvSyaom v prevent wm;qD;onf adj previous NyD;cJhaom n price wefzdk; v prick taygufi,fjzpfatmifvkyfonf n pride rme adj primary tajccHjzpfaom n primary school rlvwef;ausmif; n prime minister 0efBuD;csKyf principal n 1. school head ausmif;tkyf adj 2. leading OD;aqmifaeaom n principle tajccHrl print v 1. of handwriting pmvHk;rsm;udk rqufbJa&;onf v 2. of machine yHkESdyfpmvHk; n printer (computer) uGefjyLwmrS yHkESdyfpuf n prison tusOf;axmif adj private udk,fydkifjzpfaom n prize qk n probability jzpfEdkifaom tvm;tvm adj probable jzpfEdkifonf adv probably jzpfEdkifaom n problem jyóem v proceed qufvkyfonf n process xkyfvkyfrItqifhrsm; n procession pDwef;oGm;jcif;? yGJawmfusif;yjcif; produce n 1. yield xGufukefyrmP v 2. make jyKvkyfonf n product xkwfvkyfonfhypönf;? &v'f n profession toufarG;0rf;aMumif;vkyfief; n professor ygarmu© n profit tjrwftpGef; n program tpDtpOf n progress wdk;wufrI

53 project – pyjamas n project (as school project) okawoevkyfief; promise n 1. assurance tmrcHonf v 2. vow uwday;onf n pronoun emrfpm; v pronounce toHxGufonf n pronunciation toHxGuf n proof oufaotaxmuftxm; adj proper wdusaom? oifhavsmfaom adv properly oifhavsmfpGm n property ydkifqdkifaomypönf; v protect umuG,fonf n protection tumtuG,f protest n 1. objection uefYuGufjcif;? uefYuGufrI v 2. object uefYuGufonf? qE´jyonf adj proud *kPf,laom v prove oufaojyonf v provide axmufyHhonf? ay;onf n pub bD,mqdkif adj public trsm;jynfolESifhqdkifaom n public school tpdk;&ausmif; phrase public transport trsm;jynfoloHk;c&D;oGm;vkyfief; pull v 1. tug qGJonf phr v 2. pull down (demolish) NzdKzsufcsonf phr v 3. pull up (stop) &yfonf colloq phr 4. pull oneself together tdaNE´qnfonf n pump a&pkyfpuf adj punctual tcsdefwdusaom v punish tjypfay;onf n punishment tjypf'gPf pupil n 1. eye part oli,ftdrf n 2. school student wynfh? ausmif;om;ausmif;ol adj pure ppfrSefaom adj purple r&ef;apha&mif&Sdaom push v 1. exert force wGef;onf phr v 2. push in (go before your turn) wdk;0ifonf put v 1. place xm;onf? xnfhonf phr v 2. put away (pack up) ab;z,fonf phr v 3. put off (delay) a&TUqdkif;onf phr v 4. put on (dress in) 0wfqifonf phr v 5. put out (as fire) Nidrf;owfonf phr v 6. put up with (endure) onf;cHonf n puzzle cufcJaomjyóem n pyjamas ntdyf0wfpHkyG

54 pyramid – realise n pyramid yd&rpf Q v qualify (make competent) t&nftcsif;&Sdaponf adj quality t&nftaoG; n quantity yrmP v quarrel jyif;xefaom tjiif;yGm;rI n quarter av;yHkwpfyHk n queen bk&ifr n question ar;cGef; n queue wef;pDNyD;tvSnfhapmifhjcif; adj quick vQifjrefaom adv quickly vQifjrefpGm adj quiet wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaom adv quietly wdwfqdwfNidrfoufpGm v quit vufavQmhonf? xGufonf adv quite tawmftwef R race n 1. competition NydKifyGJ n 2. ethnicity vlrsKd; v 3. compete NydKifqdkifonf n racism vlrsKd;a&;cGJjcm;rI n radio a&'D,dk n radius tcsif;0uf n railing vufudkifwef; n railway rD;&xm; n rain rdk;&Gmjcif;? rdk;a& n rain coat rdk;umtusÐ v raise tay:jr§ifhonf? rçonf pt v ran *see run pt v rang *see ring n range tuGmta0;? ajrjyifus,f? awmifwef;rsm; v rank &mxl;&onf? trsKd;tpm;cGJowfrSwfonf adj rapid vQifjrefaom adj rare &Sm;yg;aom n rash (skin eruption) ta&jym;ay:tzktydefYxGufjcif; adv rather (to a certain extent) tenf;i,f adj raw csufjyKwfrxm;aom? tpdrf;twdkif; reach v 1. arrive at a&mufonf phrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable) rrDaom? r&Edkifaom v react wkefYjyefonf n reaction wkefYjyefcsuf v read pmzwfonf adj ready tqifoifhjzpfaeaom adj real trSefwu,fjzpfaom? ppfrSefaom v realise oabmaygufonf

55 really – republic adv really trSeftm;jzifh adj rear aemufydkif;wGif&Sdaom n reason taMumif;jycsuf? qifajc v receive (get) &&Sdonf? vufcH&&Sdonf/ adj recent rMumrDujzpfaom n recess (morning tea) acwå&yfem;jcif; colloq reckon (think or suppose) xifonf? awG;ac:onf v recognise todtrSwfjyKonf v record rSwfwrf;wifxm;onf recount n 1. story genre aemufaMumif;jyef Zmwfvrf; v 2. narrate aemufaMumif;jyef ajymjyonf recover v 1. get back jyefvnf&&Sdonf v 2. get better jyefoufomvmonf n rectangle axmifhrSefpwk*H adj red eDaom v reduce avQmhcsonf v refer &nfñTef;onf n referee 'dkifvlBuD; n refrigerator a&cJaowåm n refugee 'ku©onf v refuse jiif;qefonf n region a'o v regret aemifw&onf? pdwfraumif;jzpfonf adj regular yHkrSefjzpfaom? tusifhygaeaom adv regularly yHkrSef n relation (kin) aqGrsKd;awmfpyfrI n relationship qufpyfrI? wGJzufrI n relative aqGrsKd; v relax oufawmifhoufomaeonf n religion bmomt,l0g' v remain usef&pfonf? csefxm;onf? qufaeaeonf n remark rSwfcsuf v remember rSwfrdonf? owd&onf v remind owday;onf n reminder owday;csuf? EId;aqmfcsuf v remove z,f&Sm;onf rent n 1. payment for accommodation tdrf/tcef;/ajr iSm;c v 2. hire iS;onf v repeat xyfrHjyKvkyfonf v replace tpm;xdk;onf v reply tajzay;onf? wkefYjyefonf report n 1. written account tpD&ifcHpm v 2. give an account owif;ydkYonf? wifjyonf n reporter owif;axmuf n republic or®wEdkifiH

56 request – ring

request n 1. petition awmif;cHjcif; v 2. ask for ay;&ef? cGifhjyK&ef awmif;cHonf v rescue u,fq,fonf reserve n 1. park obm0twdkif; xdef;odrf;xm;aoma'o v 2. keep aside aemifwGifoHk;&ef oD;oefYxm;onf n resident pGJNrJpGmaexdkifol n respect av;pm;rI? &dkaorI n responsibility wm0ef&Sdjcif; adj responsible wm0ef&Sdaom rest n 1. relaxation tem;,ljcif; v 2. relax tem;,lonf n 3. remainder usef&Sdaom tpdwftydkif; n restaurant pm;aomufqdkif n rest room trsm;oHk;tdrfom n result tusKd;? &v'f return n 1. arrival back jyefvmjcif;/ jyefoGm;jcif; v 2. go back to jyefoGm;onf v 3. give back to jyefay;onf phrase 4. return tickets tjyefc&D;twGuf ygaomvufrSwf reverse adj 1. opposite forward aemufjyefjzpfaom v 2. go backwards aemufjyefoGm;onf v revise jyefíppfaq;onf revolution n 1. full circle wpfBudrf tjynfhywfrdjcif; n 2. war awmfvSefa&;? ykefuefx

57 ripe – run v 3. as a bell acgif;avmif;xdk;onf adj ripe rSnfhaeaom rise n 1. ascent tay:wufjcif;? jrifhwufvmjcif; v 2. get up xvmonf n risk tEå&m,f xdcdkufrIjzpfEdkifonfhtcGifhtvrf; n river jrpf n road vrf; v roar usm;[def;onf n robot puf&kyf n rock ausmufwHk;? ausmufaqmif? vTJjcif; n rockpool yifv,furf;ajcausmufwHk;rsm;Mum;rS a&tdkif n rod wkwfacsmif;? ig;rQm;wH pt v rode *see ride roll n 1. absentee list vl&Sd?r&Sd ppfonfhpm&if; n 2. form of bread aygifrkefYyHkpHwpfrsKd; v 3. move by turning over vl;vSdrfhonf n roof tdrfacgifrdk; n room tcef;? ae&m n root tjrpf n rope BudK; rose n 1. flower ESif;qDyef; pt v 2. *see rise adj rough Murf;wrf;aom round adj 1. circular 0dkif;aom phrase 2. round the corner a'gifhtauGUrSm row n 1. arrangement in a line tpDtwef; n 2. fight qlnHpGm&efjzpfonf v 3. as a boat avSavSmfonf adj royal bk&if?rdbk&m;ESifh oufqdkifaom? awmf0if v rub vufjzifhyGwfonf n rubber a&mfbm? &mbm n rubbish pGefYypönf;? trdIufo&dkuf adj rude &dkif;jyaom v ruin zsufqD;onf? b0ysufaponf rule n 1. regulation pnf;urf;? rl0g' v 2. as a line rsOf;aMumif;qGJonf v 3. govern tkyfcsKyfonf n ruler (school equipment) rsOf;wH run v 1. move fast ajy;onf phrase 2. a river runs into the ocean pD;qif;onf phr v 3. run away from xGufajy;onf phr v 4. run out of ukefoGm;onf

58 rung – scissors phr v 5. run over (with a car) wufBudwfonf n rung (of a ladder) avScg;xpf n runner-up 'kwd,ae&m&ol phrase runny nose ESm&nftvGefxGufaeaom v rush uref;uwef;vIyf&Sm;onf S adj sad pdwfrcsrf;omaom adj safe tEå&m,fuif;aom? pdwfcs&aom pt v said *see say sail n 1. part of ship &Guf v 2. cause movement of ship using &Gufwdkufonf wind n salad toD;t&Gufpdrf;rsm;ESifh tqmrsm;okwfjcif; n salary vpm n sale a&mif;csjcif;? aps;avsmha&mif;jcif; n salt tdrfoHk;qm; adj same wlaom n sand oJ? oJaomif n sandal BudK;odkif;zdeyf n sandwich tom;n§yfaygifrkefY pt v sang *see sing pt v sat *see sit n satisfaction auseyfESpfodrfhrI adj satisfactory ESpfoufauseyfbG,f&Sdaom adj satisfied ESpfoufauseyfonf v satisfy pdwfauseyfaponf? vHkavmufonf n sauce tcsOf&nf n sausage 0uftlacsmif;? tom;tlacsmif; save v 1. rescue u,fq,fonf v 2. keep on computer uGefjyLwmwGif odkrSD;onf v 3. keep as money pkaqmif;onf saw n 1. tool vT pt v 2. *see see v say ajymqdkonf scale n 1. covering on animals taMu;cGH n 2. measuring device csdefcGif? uwåm; adj scarce &Sm;yg;aom n scarf yk0g n scene jrifuGif;? tjzpftysuf n scenery a&ajrawmawmif&Icif;? ¤if;yef;csD n school pmoifausmif; n school shoe ausmif;pD;zdeyf n science taxGaxGodyÜHynm n scissors uwfaMu;

59 score – set

score n 1. points made in a game &rSwfrsm; v 2. to get points trSwf&onf? *dk;&&Sdonf v scream aMumufvefY/emusifíi,foHygatmifatmfonf n screen uefYvefYum? ydwfum;? wDADzefom;jyif n screw 0uftl n sea yifv,f n seagull pifa&mf search n 1. the act of searching &SmazGjcif; v 2. look for &SmazGonf n season &moD? Owk n seat xdkifcHk? ae&m second n 1. unit of time puúefY adj 2. after first 'kwd,jzpfaom adv secondly 'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh? qufvufí secret n 1. something hidden vSsKdU0Sufcsuf adj 2. unknown by others olwpfyg;rodaom n section tpdwftydkif; v see Munfhonf? jrifonf n seed opfaph? rsKd;aph v seek &SmazGonf? pHkprf;onf adv seldom &Hzef&Hcgü v select a&G;cs,fonf adj selfish wpfudk,faumif;qefaom v sell a&mif;csonf v send ydkYaqmifonf? apvTwfonf sense n 1. one of the five faculties tm&Hk phrase 2. make sense (be intelligible) t"dyÜg,fudk jyo/awGU&Sdonf adj sensible vufawGUusaom pt v sent *see send n sentence 0gus separate adj 1. disconnected oD;jcm;jzpfaom v 2. to keep apart oD;jcm;jzpfaponf? jzwfawmufonf n sequence a&SUaemuftpOf n series qufwdkuf? twGJvdkuf serious adj 1. important ta&;BuD;aom adj 2. opposite of lighthearted av;eufrI&Sdaom n servant tdrfap? tdrfaz: v serve trIxrf;onf? tvkyftauR;jyKonf n service 0efaqmifrI? wm0efxrf;aqmifrI set v 1. to put in a particular place ae&wusxm;onf?qifhonf/ n 2. a group of things twGJ? tpk

60 settle – short cut phr v 3. set off (go) c&D;xGufonf phr v 4. set out (put in order) tpDtpOftwdkif;jzpfaponf phr v 5. set up (prepare) BudKwifjyifqifonf settle v 1. to live in tajccsaexdkifonf phr v 2. settle on (agree on) oabmwlnDMuonf n settlement oabmwlnDcsuf? tajccsaexdkifjcif; n settler EdkifiH&yfjcm;wGif tajccsaexdkifol adj several tenf;i,f v sew pufcsKyfonf? vufESifhcsKyfonf n sex vdif? umrpyf,Sufjcif; n sexism vdiftjccHNyD; rdef;rrsm;udk rkef;wD;&GH&Smjcif; n shade t&dyf? tvif;a&mifudk umonfht&m n shadow wpfckck\tarSmif&dyf v shake vIyfcgonf? vIyf,rf;onf? wkefvIyfonf v shall tem*gwftwGuf &nf&G,fcsufudkaz:jyjcif; adj shallow wdrfaom n shame &SufaMumufpdwf? odu©musjcif; n shampoo acgif;avQmf&nf n shape yHko@mef share n 1. portion a0pk? &S,f&m v 2. divide up cGJa0onf adj sharp cRefxufaom n sharpener cRefpuf v shave rkwfqdwf&dwfonf? tarT;&dwfonf pron she olr n sheep odk; sheet n 1. of paper puúLcsyf n 2. of bedding tdyf&mcif; n shelf qifh? eH&Huyfpif n shell (of sea) c&k? urm? vdyfwdkY\tcGH n shelter tumtuG,f? cdkvHIp&mae&m v shine awmufyonf? tvif;a&mifxGufonf adj shiny awmufajymifaeaom n ship oabFm n shirt &SyftusÐ n shock wkefvIyfrI? acsmufjcm;rI n shoe &SL;zdeyf v shoot ypfcwfonf shop n 1. place to buy goods aps;qdkif v 2. buy goods aps;0,fonf n shore urf;ajc short adj 1. opposite tall ykaom adj 2. opposite long wdkaom n short-cut jzwfvrf;

61 shorts – skate n shorts (clothing) abmif;bDwdk? twGif;cHabmif;bD shot n 1. gunfire aoewfoH? tajrmufoH pt v 2. *see shoot v should ..oifhonf v shout atmf[pfonf v shove jyif;xefpGmwGef;onf show v 1. display jyoonf n 2. as on TV wDADrStpDtpOf phr v 3. show off (be pretentious) [dwf[efMuD;onf?

62 skateboard – so n skateboard pudwfpD;onfhwdkwdkusOf;usOf;ysOfjym; n skateboarding pudwfpD;jcif; n ski ESif;avQmpD;zdeyf? ESif;avQmpD;ud&d,m n skiing ESif;avQmpD;jcif; adj skilful uRrf;usifrI&Sdaom n skill uRrf;usifrI n skin ta&jym;? wd&pämefta&cGH skip v 1. jump BudK;ckefonf v 2. pass over csefvSyfNyD;ausmfoGm;onf n skirt rdef;r0wfpuwf n sky rdk;aumif;uif n slang Aef;pum; v slap vufz0g;jzifh&dkufESufonf n slave aus;uRef v sleep tdyfonf adj sleepy tdyfcsifonf pt v slept *see sleep n slice tcsyfyg;yg;tvTm? tpdwftydkif; v slide avQmoGm;onf adj slim oG,faysmif;aom? tcGifhta&;enf;aom n sling vnfyif;odkif;BudK;? xdef;xm;onfhBudK; v slip ajcukwfvGwfonf? avQmoGm;onf n slipper (type of shoe) El;nHhayghyg;NyD; BudK;rygonfhzdeyf adj slippery acsmfvJEdkifaom? pdwfrcs&aom v slit tuGJ? t[jzpfaponf n slope qifajcavQm? slow adj 1. opposite fast aES;aom adj 2. behind time tcsdefaemufusaeaom adv slowly ajz;ajz;oGm;aeaom adj small ao;i,faom adj smart (clever) yg;eyfaom v smash wpfppDNydKuGJonf? t&Sdefjyif;pGm&dkufcsonf smell n 1. odour teHY v 2. inhale an odour teHYudk&SLonf smile n 1. facial expression tjyHK; v 2. make facial expression jyHK;onf smoke n 1. visible substance from fire rD;cdk; v 2. inhale a substance &Slonf? aq;vdyfaomufonf adj smooth rsufESmjyifnDaom n snack tqmajypm;p&m n snake a>r v sneeze ESmacsonf n snow qD;ESif; conj so (consequently) 'gaMumifh? 'Dawmh

63 soap – sphere n soap qyfjym n soccer abmvHk;? abmvHk;tzGJUBuD; n society todkuft0ef;? vlrItzGJUtpnf; n sock (clothing) ajctdyf soft adj 1. opposite hard El;nHhaom adj 2. opposite loud wdk;nif;aom? rus,favmifaom adv softly wdk;wdk;? nifompGm pt v sold *see sell solid adj 1. having three dimensions oHk;bufjrifjzpfaom n 2. matter that is not liquid or gas tpdkiftcJ solution n 1. answer tajz n 2. mixture (scientific) wpHkwckudk t&nfESifh azsmfxm;aomt&nf v solve ajz&Sif;onf det some tcsKdU n somebody wpfpHkwpfOD; n someone wpfa,mufa,muf adv sometimes wpfcgwpfav n son om; n song oDcsif; adv soon rMumrD sore adj 1. painful emusifaom n 2. painful spot tem phrase 3. sore throat vnfacsmif;em adj sorry aemifw&aom? 0rf;enf;&aom v sort pepfwuspDpOfonf n soul 0dOmPf? wpfOD;wpfa,muf n sound toH? usef;rmjcif;? cdkifvHkrI n soup [if;csKd adj sour csOfaom n south awmifbuf? awmifydkif; space n 1. outside earth’s atmosphere tmumo? [if;vif;jyif n 2. room ae&mvGwf? uGufvyf n spade a*:jym: wl&Gif;jym; adj spare tydkjzpfaom? t&efjzpfaom v speak zGifh[onf? ajymqdkonf adj special xl;jcm;aom? trsm;ESifhrwlaom n speech pum;ajymjcif;? a[majymcsuf? rdefYcGef; speed n 1. rapidity tjrefEIef; v 2. go fast jrefjrefoGm;onf v spell rSefuefpGm pmvHk;aygif;onf v spend aiGaMu;xkwfay;onf? oHk;pGJonf pt v spent *see spend n sphere pufvHk;? urÇmvHk;

64 spill – starfish v spill zdwfusonf v spin vQifjrefpGmvnfywfonf? Adkif;iifonf n spirit (soul) 0dOmPf v spit wHawG;axG;onf v splash tpufrsm;ab;odkYpifonf v split xufcsrf;cGJonf? tnDtrQcGJa0onf v spoil rauseyfbG,fjzpfaponf pt v spoke *see speak n spoon ZGef; n sport tm;upm; n sports oval tm;upm;ae&m n sports shoe tm;upm;zdeyf spot n 1. circular pattern tpuftaysmuf n 2. sore emusifaomae&m n 3. place ae&m v 4. see jrifawGUonf v spread ysHUESHUonf spring n 1. season aEGOD;&moD v 2. jump ckefonf spy n 1. person who keeps secret pHkaxmuf? olvQdK watch on others v 2. watch pHkprf;axmufvSrf;onf? apmifhMunfhonf square n 1. plane figure av;axmifhyHk adj 2. shaped as a square av;axmifhyHk&dSaom n staffroom 0efxrf;rsm;\tcef; n stage pifjrifh? Zmwfpif n stair avSum; stamp n 1. as for postage wHqdyfacgif; v 2. impress a mark on trSwftom;&dkufonf v 3. strike with foot ajcjzifhaqmifheif;onf stand v 1. take upright position rwfwyf&yfonf phr v 2. stand back aemufqkwfonf phr v 3. stand for (signify) udk,fpm;jyKonf? ta&G;cHonf phr v 4. stand up for (defend) tumtuG,fay;onf colloq phr 5. I can’t stand it (I hate it) onf;rcHEdkifawmhjcif; n standard tajccH? pH? omrefvkyfenf; star n 1. astral body Mu,fwm&m n 2. famous actor, singer etc. emrnfBuD;o&kyfaqmif? tqdkawmf adj 3. shape Mu,fyHko@mef&Sdaom n starfish Mu,fyHk&Sdaomig;

65 start – stop

start n 1. beginning ueOD;tp v 2. begin pwifonf? pwifvkyfaqmifonf state v 1. say ajymqdkonf n 2. political division jynfe,f? EdkifiHawmf? EdkifiHawmfESifhqdkifaom n statement aMujimcsuf? bPfpm&if; station n 1. of railway &xm;blwm&Hk n 2. police station &Jpcef; n statue ausmuf&kyf? owåK&kyf v stay aexdkifonf adj steady yHkrSefjzpfaom? cdkifrmaom? r,drf;,dkifaom n steak tom;/ig; uif/aMumf v steal cdk;,lonf n steam a&aEG;aiGU n steel oHrPd adj steep rwfapmufaom n stem yifpnf? tn§m step v 1. move using feet ajcvSrf;onf n 2. stair avScg;xpf phrase 3. watch your step (be careful) owdxm; n stepbrother tarwl/tazwl nDtpfudk n stepfather yaxG; n stepmother rdaxG; n stepsister tarwl/tazwl nDtpfr stick v 1. fasten uyfonf n 2. piece of wood opfom;p adj sticky ap;uyfaom adj stiff awmifhaeaom still adv 1. without moving rvIyfbJ Nidrfaeaom adv 2. yet ,ckxufwdkifatmif v sting owå0gwdkY wkyfjcif;? udkufjcif; stink n 1. bad odour teHYqdk;xGufaejcif; v 2. smell very bad teHYqdk;xGufaeonf v stir arTonf pt v stole *see steal n stomach tpmtdrf n stomach ache Adkufemjcif; n stone ausmufwHk;? ausmufcJ pt v stood *see stand stop n 1. cessation &yfqdkif;jcif; v 2. halt &yfqdkif;onf

66 store – suburb n store odkavSmifxm;aomypönf;rsm;? ¤if;ae&m n storey taqmufttHk\ tvTm? txyf n storm avjyif;rkefwdkif; n story yHkjyif n stove rD;zdk n stove top rD;zdktay:ydkif; straight adj 1. not crooked ajzmifhaom adj 2. not wavy or curly (of hair) ajzmifhwef;aom phrase 3. straight ahead a&SUwnhfwnfhrSm v straighten ajzmifhwef;aponf v strain wif;usyfaponf? tvGeftrif;usifhoHk;onf adj strange xl;jcm;aom? xHk;pHr[kwfaom n stranger vlpdrf;/ rdrdrodol n strawberry pxa&mfb,f&D n stream a&pD;aMumif;? jrpfi,f n street vrf; n strength tiftm; stress v 1. put emphasis on av;eufaponf n 2. tension zdtm;? wif;rmrI adj strict wdusaom? r,drf;,dkifaom strike v 1. hit xdk;ESufonf? &dkufESufonf? wdkufrdonf n 2. blow xdk;ESufrI? &dkufESufrI? wdkufrdjcif; phrase 3. on strike (not working) oydwfarSmufaeonf? qE´jyonf n string BudK;tao;? *DwBudK;? aESmifBudK; n strip tzHk;? tum? t0wftpm;rsm;z,f&Sm;onf v stroke &dkufESufonf? yGwfoyfonf adj strong (powerful) oefrmaom n struggle &kef;uefrI pt v stuck *see stick n student ausmif;olausmif;om; study n 1. room of house pmMunfhcef; v 2. endeavour to acquire avhvmonf knowledge stuff n 1. material ypönf; v 2. push xdk;xnfhonf adj stupid rdkufrJaom? pOf;pm;OmPfr&Sdaom n style pwdkif? yHkpH? [ef subject n 1. course of study bmom&yf n 2. topic tMumif;t&m n substance tESpfom&? taumiftxnf? trSefw&m; v subtract EIwfonf? z,fonf n subtraction EIwfjcif; n suburb NrdKUawmf\ qifajczHk;&yfuGuf

67 succeed – survey v succeed atmifjrifonf n success atmifjrifrI v suck pkyf,lonf? 0JtwGif;odkYpkyfcH&onf adj sudden rarQmfvifhbJjzpfay:aom adv suddenly &kwfw&uf v suffer cHpm;&onf n sugar oMum; v suggest tMuHOmPfay;onf n suggestion tMuHOmPf suit n 1. clothing 0wfpHk v 2. be appropriate oifhavsmfrI adj suitable oifhavsmfaom n sum (total) pkpkaygif; n summer aEG? aEGOwk? aEG&mod n sun ae n sunburn aeavmifjcif; n sunglasses aeumrsufrSef n sunhat aeumOD;xkyf adj sunny aea&mif&aom? aeomaom n sunscreen c&rf;a&mifvGefa&mifcsnfrxd&efvdrf;onf n sunshine aea&mif supply n 1. provisions vdktyfonfhypönf;? tpm;tpmrsm; v 2. provide yHhydk;onf support n 1. assistance tultnD? taxmuftyHh v 2. provide assistance yHhydk;ulnDonf v suppose (assume) xifjrif,lqonf adj sure aocsmaom surf n 1. seaswell a&vdIif;xdyf v 2. ride a surfboard ysOfjym;jzifh a&vdIif;pD;onf n surface rsufESmjyif n surfboard a&vdIif;ay:avQmpD;ysOfjym; n surfer a&vdIif;avQmpD;ol surgery n 1. doctor’s room cGJpdwfcef; n 2. operation by doctor cGJpdwfukorI n surname rsKd;&dk;trnf surprise n 1. unexpected event rarQmfvifhaomjzpf&yf v 2. catch unprepared rarQmfvifhbJjzpfonf adj 3. unexpected rarQmfvifhaom v surrender vufeufcsonf? t&IH;ay;onf v surround 0ef;&Honf survey n 1. poll avhvmrI v 2. ask questions of avhvm&efar;cGef;rsm;ar;onf

68 survival – tame n survival qufvuftouf&Sifaejcif; v survive qufvuftouf&Sifaeonf n swagman cdk;&mygypönf;rsm;jzifh pD;yGm;&Smol v swallow tpmudk rsKdcsonf pt v swam *see swim swear v 1. use bad language qJa&;wdkif;xGmonf v 2. take oath of truth usrf;usdefqdkonf v sweep wHjrufpD;vSJíoefY&Sif;aponf adj sweet csKdaom n sweet corn csKdaomajymif;zl; n sweet potato uefpGef;O v swim a&ul;onf n swimmer a&ul;ol n swimming a&ul;jcif; n swimming carnival a&ul;NydKifyGJygonfhaysmfyGJ&TifyGJ n swimming costume a&ul;0wfpHk swing v 1. sway vTJonf? b,fnmvIyf,rf;onf n 2. play equipment vTJpD;onfh'ef; switch n 1. device for turning on/off zGifh/ydwfcvkyf v 2. change ajymif;onf adj swollen a&mif&rf;aeaom phrase swollen ankle ajcrsufpdtqpfa&mifaeonf n sword "m;&Snf T table n 1. furniture pm;yGJ n 2. list pm&if; n table tennis pm;yGJwifwif;epf n tablet (medication) aq;jym;? aq;awmifh n tail tNrD; take v 1. seize ,lonf v 2. last for (as time) tcsdefMumonf phr v 3. take away (mathematical) EIwfonf phr v 4. take away (remove) z,f&Sm;onf phr v 5. take away (fast food) csufNyD;tpm;tpmrsm;a&mif;onfhqdkif phr v 6. take off (as clothing) t0wfcRwfonf phr v 7. take off (as plane) av,mOfwufonf n tale yHkjyif talk n 1. conversation tjyeftvSef ajymqdkjcif; v 2. converse tjyeftvSef ajymqdkonf adj tall t&yfjrifhaom adj tame ,mOfyg;aom

69 tan – terrific

tan v 1. sunbake aeavmifonf adj 2. colour t0ga&mifoef;onfh tndKa&mif n tank a&wdkifuD? avmifpmqDjznfhyHk;? wifhum; n tap (as for water) a&ydkufacgif;? a&bHkydkif v tape (record) toHoGif;onf n task wm0ef? tvkyf taste v 1. sample jrnf;Munfhonf phrase 2. the food tastes good t&om&Sdonf adj tasty t&om&Sdaom pt v taught *see teach n tax tcGeftaiG n taxi tiSm;,mOf? wuúpD tea n 1. beverage vbuf&nf n 2. dinner rGef;vGJtqmajytpm;tpm v teach oifMum;onf? qHk;ronf n teacher ausmif;q&mq&mr n teacher’s aide q&mq&mr\tul n team toif;? tzGJU tear v 1. rip qkwfNzJonf n 2. liquid from the eye rsuf&nf v tease usDp,fonf? aemufajymifonf n technology enf;ynm n teenager q,fausmfouf&G,f telephone n 1. device for phoning w,fvDzkef; v 2. ring w,fvDzkef;qufonf n telephone booth trsm;oHk;w,fvDzkef;&Hkuav; n telescope ta0;MunfhrSefajymif; television n 1. receiver for broadcasts &kyfjrifoHMum; abbrev 2. TV wDAD v tell ajymonf? od&Sdaponf? n temper a'go n temperature tylcsdef n temple em;xif? bk&m;ausmif;? 0wfausmif; adj temporary ,m,D? ce? acwå n tennis wif;epf n tent &GufxnfwJ term n 1. a period of time owfrSwfumv n 2. a naming word oD;oefYa0g[m& adj terrible tvGefqdk;0g;aom adj terrific jyif;xefaom? taumif;qHk;aom

70 test – tie

test n 1. examination pmar;yGJ? ppfaq;rI v 2. check ppfaq;onf n text pmudk,f? pmom; thank v 1. express appreciation aus;Zl;wifaMumif;ajymqdkonf phrase 2. give thanks aus;Zl;wif&Sdonf int 3. thank you (polite expression of aus;Zl;wifygonf gratitude) that pron 1. indicator of person or thing xdkvl? xdkt&m conj 2. used as subject of relative qdkcJhNyD;aomvl/t&mudk xyfñTef;jcif; clause det the ajymNyD;?ajymqJ?odNyD; vl?t&mrsm;udkqdkvdkjcif; n theatre Zmwf&Hk pron their olwdkY\ pron them olwdkYudk adv then xdktcsdefwGif adv there [dkrSm conj therefore xdktaMumif;aMumifh n thermometer tylcsdefwdkif; ud&d,m pron they olwdkY adj thick xlaom? yspfcJaom n thief olcdk; adj thin yg;vTmaom v think awG;onf? pdwful;onf n thong (footwear) ajcn§yfzdeyf thought n 1. idea tawG;tac: pt v 2. *see think thread n 1. cotton tyfcsnf v 2. put through eye of needle tyfaygufxdk;onf pt v threw *see throw prep through (from one side to wpfzufrSwpfzufodkY another) v throw tm;jzifhypfvTifhonf n thumb vufr n thunder rdk;csKef;oH? rdk;BuKd;ypfoH n thunderstorm rdk;BuKd;ypf?vQyfpD;vufí rdk;onf;aomrkefwdkif; adv thus þenf;jzifh v tick (indicate correctness) rSefuefaMumif; Â trSwftom;jyonf n ticket vufrSwf n tide 'Da& adj tidy oefY&Sif;aom? oyf,yfaom tie n 1. clothing vnfpD; v 2. fasten csnfaESmifonf n 3. equal place tqifhwl

71 tight – town adj tight wif;Muyfaom v tilt wpfzufodkYapmif;onf? ,dkifonf time n 1. measurement of duration tcsdef phrase 2. in time (not late) tcsdefrDa&mufonf phrase 3. on time (at the appointed time) tcsdeftwdtusa&mufonf phrase 4. at times jywfawmif;jywfawmif;jzpfvsuf phrase 5. a good time aumif;aumif;aysmfaeonf phrase 6. take your time (don’t rush) ajz;ajz;vkyfyg phrase 7. What’s the time? b,ftcsdef&SdNyDvJ? phrase 8. two times four (mathematical) ESpf tajr§muf av; n timetable tcsdefZ,m; tip n 1. hint tMuHay;pum; n 2. rubbish dump trdIufoGefonfhae&m v 3. tilt apmif;xm;onf n 4. pointed extremity xdyftzsm;tpGef; phr v 5. tip over (spill) arSmufusonf n tissue wpf&SL;? ESmokwf? zHkokwfpuúL n title trnf? acgif;pOf? tqifhtwef; prep to odkY n today ,aeY n toe ajcacsmif; adv together twlwuG n toilet tdrfom pt v told *see tell n tomato c&rf;csOfoD; n tomorrow reufjzef n tongue vQm pt v took *see take n tool vufoHk; pufoHk;ud&d,m n tooth oGm; n toothache oGm;udkuf oGm;emonf top n 1. highest point xdyfqHk;? tjrifhqHk; n 2. clothing tusÐ n topic aqG;aEG;yGJ pum;0dkif;\taMumif;&if; pt v tore *see tear total n 1. complete amount pkpkaygif; v 2. add up pkpkaygif;ta&twGuf v touch xdonf n tour tm;vyf&ufwGifc&D;oGm;onf? avhvmonf v tow (avS ponfudk) BudK;ESifhqGJonf prep towards qDodkY n towel udk,fokwfyk0g? ypönf;okwft0wf? puúL n tower arQmfpif n town NrdKU

72 toy – turn n toy upm;p&mypönf; v trace t

73 twice – urge n 2. action following someone udk,fhtvSnfh else’s phr v 3. turn into (become) jzpfvmonf? .. tjzpfodkYajymif;vJonf phr v 4. turn off (switch off) cvkwfydwfonf phr v 5. turn on cvkwfzGifhonf phr v 6. turn up (arrive) a&mufvmonf adv twice ESpfBudrfwdkif v twist vdrfonf type n 1. kind trsKd;tpm; v 2. use a machine to write vufESdyfpuf n tyre wm,m? U adj ugly t&kyfqdk;aom n umbrella xD; n uncle OD;av; adj unconscious owdvpfaeaom prep under atmufrSm v undergo cHEdkif&nf&Sdaponf? jyKvkyf&onf adj underground ajratmufwGif&Sdaom v underline rsOf;wm;onf adv underneath atmufrSm n underpants twGif;cHabmif;bD v understand em;vnfonf pt v understood *see understand n underwear twGif;cHt0wftxnf v undo jznfonf? cRwfonf? jyefjyifonf adj unemployed tvkyfvufrJhjzpfaeaom n uniform ,leDazgif;? wlnD0wfpHk n union toif;? or*¾? pkpnf;nDnGwfjcif; unit n 1. type of housing wdkufcef; n 2. measurement ,lepf? pHtjzpfxm;onfhta&twGuf v unite pkpnf;onf? nDnGwfonf n universe pMum0Vm n university wuúodkvf prep until tcsdeftxd adj unusual xHk;pHr[kwfaom prep up (to a higher place) tjrifhodkY? tay:odkY prep upon (up and on) tay:wGif adj upper txufbufrSm&Sdaom adj upright rwfrwfaxmifaeaom adj upset pdwftaESmuft,Sufjzpfaom adj upside-down uRrf;xdk;arSmufcHk adv upstairs tay:xyfrSm v urge wdkufwGef;onf

74 urgent – wall adj urgent tvsifvdkaom? tjrefvdktyfaom pron us uREfkyfwdkY use n 1. the act of using oHk;pGJjcif; v 2. employ toHk; adj used (not new) toHk;jyKNyD;om;jzpfaom V n vaccination umuG,faq; adj vain b0ifjrifhaom? tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom n valley awmifMum;? csdKifh0Srf; adj valuable wefbdk;&Sdaom? wefbdk;BuD;aom value n 1. worth wefbdk; v 2. to hold in high esteem wefbdk;xm;onf n van (truck) aemufbufwGifukefwifEdkifonfhum;BuD; n variety trsKd;tpm; trsKd;rsKd;&Sdaom v vary uGJjym;jcm;em;onf adj various uGJjym;jcm;em;aom n vegetable [if;oD;[if;&Guf n vegetable garden [if;oD;[if;&Gufpdkufcif; n vegetarian om;ig;rpm;ol? oufowfvTwf n vehicle ,mOf n verandah tdrfab;0&Hwm n verb Bud,m? adv very tqifhjrifhpGm? vG,fulpGm abbrev vet *see veterinarian n veterinarian wd&pämefukq&m0ef n video (recording) AD'D,dk(toHoGif;) n view tjrif? xifjrifcsuf? jrifuGif; n village aus;&Gm adj violent Murf;wrf;aom? jyif;xefaom n violin wa,m v visit tv,ftywfoGm;onf n visitor tvnfvmol? {nfhonf n voice toH? ajymqdkcsuf? a&;om;csuf n volleyball (game) abmfvDabmupm;enf; n volume xkxnf? pmtkyftwGJ v vote qE´rJay;onf n vowel o&oH? at?tD;?tdkif?tdk?,l..ponf n voyage c&D;&SnfoGm;jcif; W n wage yHkaovkyftm;c v wait apmifhqdkif;onf v wake tdyf&mEdk;onf? tdyf&mxonf v walk vrf;avQmufonf n walkway vloGm;vrf; n wall eH&H

75 wallaby – Web n wallaby om;ydkufaumifti,fwpfrsKd; n wallet ydkufqHtdwf v wander ajcOD;wnfh&moGm;vmonf v want vdkcsifonf n war ppfyGJ n waratah yef;teDa&mif yGifhaomtyifwpfrsKd; n wardrobe t0wfxnfhbD&dk adj warm (opposite cool) aEG;aom adj warm-blooded aoG;aEG;aom v warn BuKdwifowday;onf n warning BuKdwifowday;csuf pt v was *see be wash v 1. clean with water aq;onf? avQmfonf phr v 2. wash up (of dishes) aq;onf (yef;uef) n washing machine (clothes) tyfcsKyfpuf waste v 1. employ uselessly rvdktyfbJjzKef;wD;onf n 2. rejected products pGefYypfypönf; watch n 1. timepiece em&D v 2. look at Munfhonf phr v 3. watch out (be careful) owdxm; water n 1. liquid a& v 2. moisten a&avmif;onf n watermelon z&JoD; n wattle tree t0ga&mifyef;yGifhaom tyifwpfrsKd; wave n 1. swell of water a&vdIif; v 2. make a hand signal vuf,rf;jyonf adj wavy vdIif;wGefYyHkpHjzpfaeaom n wax za,mif; way n 1. road vrf; phrase 2. a long way c&D;a0; phrase 3. a good way vrf;aumif;? enf;vrf;rSef phrase 4. give way vrf;z,fay;onf pron we uREfkyfwdkY adj weak tm;enf;aom? aysmhnHhaom n wealth Opöm? "e? csrf;omspider) yifhultdrf abbrev Web *see World Wide Web

76 wedding – width n wedding r*Fvmaqmif n week &ufowåygwf? ckepf&uf v weigh tav;csdefonf? csdefqonf? wGufqonf n weight tav;csdef welcome n 1. a kind greeting r*Fvmyg? whip MumyGwf v whisper wdk;wdk;av;ajymonf whistle v 1. make a musical sound avcRefonf n 2. equipment used to make a c&m sound adj white jzLaom? tjzLa&mif&Sdaom n whiteboard oifykef;tjzLa&mif who pron 1. interrogative b,fol pron 2. relative pronoun xdkol? tJ'Dvl adj whole wpfckvHk;? tm;vHk; adv why bmaMumifh adj wicked odu©mr&Sdaom? ,kwfrmaom adj wide us,fjyefYaom n widow rkqdk;r n widower rkqdk;zdk n width tus,f

77 wild – write adj wild &dkif;pdkif;aom? qlnHaom? a'gojzpfaom will v 1. auxiliary used in future tense tem*gwfumvudkñTef;onf n 2. declaration of wishes on one’s aowrf;pm death n 3. choice of one’s actions rdrdjyKvkyf&ef a&G;xm;jcif; v win Edkifonf? tEdkif wind n 1. movement of air av? avwdkufjcif; v 2. turn in a circular way ywfywfvnfvSnfhonf? ywfonf colloq phr 3. wind up (finish) tqHk;owfonf phr v 4. wind up (as a clock) em&DoHywfay;onf n windmill udk,fh&GufESifhudk,f avtm;jzifhvSnfhonfhpuf n window jyLwif;ayguf n window sill jyLwif;ayguf\atmufajcabmif adj windy avxefonf n wing tawmifyH n winter aqmif;Owk? aqmif;&moD v wipe okwfypfonf? zsufypfonf n wire 0g,mBudK; adj wise pOf;pm;OmPf&Sdaom? okw&Sdaom n wish qE´? vdkcsifawmifhwjcif; prep with ESifh? ESifhtwl v withdraw (as for money) aiGpm&if;rS aiGxkwf,lonf n witness rsufjrifoufao pt v woke *see wake n woman trsKd;orD; n wombat 0ufESifhwlaomowå0g pt v won *see win v wonder tHhMobG,fjzpfonf? csD;usL;bG,fjzpfonf n wood opfom; n woodwork opfom;jzifhjyKvkyfaomypönf;rsm; n wool odk;arG; n word pum;vHk;? pum;? tmrcHcsuf pt v wore *see wear work n 1. labour tvkyf v 2. carry out labour tvkyfvkyfonf v 3. be operational vkyfEdkifonf phr v 4. work out (solve) tajz&Smonf? ajz&Sif;onf n world urÇmajr? urÇmhEdkifiHrsm;ESifhvlrsm; n World Wide Web pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; ydkY/jzefYonfpH v worry aomua&mufaponf adv worse ydkrdkqdk0g;pGm n worth wefbdk; v wrap &pfywfonf? xkyfydk;onf? vTrf;jcHKonf v wring wif;MuyfpGmjzpfn§pfonf n wrist vufaumuf0wf v write a&;onf? rSwfom;onf

78 wrong – zucchini adj wrong (incorrect) rSm;,Gif;aom pt v wrote *see write abbrev www * see World Wide Web X n x-ray "gwfrSef Y n yacht taysmfpD;&GufavS n yard wpfudkuftvsm;? tdrfESifhwGJaeonfhtydkif; v yawn orf;a0onf n year ESpfumv? 365 &uf adj yellow t0ga&mif&Sdaom int yes [kwfuJh? rSefonf n yesterday raeYu pron you oif adj young toufi,faom pron your (possessive) oif\? oihf Z n zone ZHk? e,fajr? a'o n zoo wd&pämefO,mOf n zucchini c&rf;oD;ESifhqifaom toD;wpfrsKd;

79 Appendix 1

Numerals and Ordinals

Symbol Numeral Ordinal 1 one first 2 two second 3 three third 4 four fourth 5 five fifth 6 six sixth 7 seven seventh 8 eight eighth 9 nine ninth 10 ten tenth 11 eleven eleventh 12 twelve twelfth 13 thirteen thirteenth 14 fourteen fourteenth 15 fifteen fifteenth 16 sixteen sixteenth 17 seventeen seventeenth 18 eighteen eighteenth 19 nineteen nineteenth 20 twenty twentieth 30 thirty thirtieth 40 forty fortieth 50 fifty fiftieth 60 sixty sixtieth 70 seventy seventieth 80 eighty eightieth 90 ninety ninetieth 100 one hundred one hundredth 1000 one thousand one thousandth 10000 ten thousand ten thousandth 100000 one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth 1000000 one million one millionth 80 Appendix 2

Common Countries/States and their Adjectival Forms

Country/State Adjectival Form Country/State Adjectival Form

Afghanistan Afghani Japan Japanese

Argentina Argentinian Korea Korean

Bangladesh Bangladeshi Kosovo Kosovar

Bolivia Bolivian Kurdistan Kurdish

Brazil Brazilian Laos Laotian

Bulgaria Bulgarian Lebanon Lebanese

Cambodia Cambodian Macedonia Macedonian

Chile Chilean Malaysia Malaysian

China Chinese Nigeria Nigerian

Colombia Colombian Pakistan Pakistani

Cook Islands Cook Islanders Peru Peruvian

Croatia Croatian Philippines Filipino

East Timor East Timorese Poland Polish

Ecuador Ecuadorian Portugal Portuguese

Egypt Egyptian Russia Russian

El Salvador El Salvadorian Samoa Samoan

Eritrea Eritrean Serbia Serbian

Ethiopia Ethiopian Somalia Somalian

Fiji Fijian Sudan Sudanese

Ghana Ghanian Syria Syrian

Greece Greek Taiwan Taiwanese

Hungary Hungarian Thailand Thai

India Indian Tonga Tongan

Indonesia Indonesian Turkey Turkish

Iran Iranian Ukraine Ukrainian

Iraq Iraqi Uruguay Uruguayan

Israel Israeli Venezuela Venezuelan

Italy Italian Vietnam Vietnamese 81 Appendix 3

Common Irregular Verbs

Base Form Past Tense Past participle awake awoke awoken be was, were been beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bet bet bet bid bid bid bite bit bitten blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built burn burned/burnt burned/burnt buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawn dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt drive drove driven drink drank drunk eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen get got gotten give gave given go went gone grow grew grown hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held

82 Common Irregular Verbs (continued)

Base Form Past Tense Past participle hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept know knew known lay laid laid lead led led learn learned/learnt learned/learnt leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent show showed showed/shown shut shut shut sing sang sung sit sat sat sleep slept slept speak spoke spoken spend spent spent stand stood stood swim swam swum take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown understand understood understood wake woke woken wear wore worn win won won write wrote written

83 Appendix 4

Times

Analog time 24 hour time 12.00am 12 o’clock; midnight 00:00 zero zero hundred hours 1.00am 1 o’clock 01:00 zero one hundred hours 2.00am 2 o’clock 02:00 zero two hundred hours 3.00am 3 o’clock 03.00 zero three hundred hours 4.00am 4 o’clock 04.00 zero four hundred hours 5.00am 5 o’clock 05.00 zero five hundred hours 6.00am 6 o’clock 06:00 zero six hundred hours 7.00am 7 o’clock 07:00 zero seven hundred hours 8.00am 8 o’clock 08:00 zero eight hundred hours 9.00am 9 o’clock 09.00 zero nine hundred hours 10.00am 10 o’clock 10:00 ten hundred hours 11.00am 11 o’clock 11:00 eleven hundred hours 12.00pm 12 o’clock; midday; noon 12:00 twelve hundred hours 1.00pm 1 o’clock 13:00 thirteen hundred hours 2.00pm 2 o’clock 14:00 fourteen hundred hours 3.00pm 3 o’clock 15:00 fifteen hundred hours 4.00pm 4 o’clock 16:00 sixteen hundred hours 5.00pm 5 o’clock 17:00 seventeen hundred hours 6.00pm 6 o’clock 18:00 eighteen hundred hours 7.00pm 7 o’clock 19:00 nineteen hundred hours 8.00pm 8 o’clock 20:00 twenty hundred hours 9.00pm 9 o’clock 21:00 twenty one hundred hours 10.00pm 10 o’clock 22:00 twenty two hundred hours 11.00pm 11 o’clock 23:00 twenty three hundred hours

Examples of quarter and half hours (analog)

quarter to three three o’clock quarter past three half past three 2.45am or 2.45pm 3.00am or 3.00pm 3.15am or 3.15pm 3.30am or 3.30pm

Examples of quarter and half hours (24 hour time)

zero two forty five zero three hundred hours zero three fifteen zero three thirty

84 Appendix 5

Days of the week/Months of the year/Units of time

Days Months Units of time Monday January 60 seconds = 1 minute

Tuesday February 60 minutes = 1 hour

Wednesday March 24 hours = 1 day

Thursday April 7 days = 1 week

Friday May 4 weeks = 1 month

Saturday June 12 months = 1 year

Sunday July 4 years = 1 leap year

August 10 years = 1 decade

September 100 years = 1 century

October 1000 years = 1 millenium

November

December

Appendix 6

Weights and measures

Weight (mass) Length Volume 1000 milligrams = 1 gram 1000 millimetres = 1 metre 1000 millilitres = 1 litre

1000 grams = 1 kilogram 100 centimetres = 1 metre 1000 litres = 1 cubic 1000 kilograms = 1 metric tonne 1000 metres = 1 kilometre metre

Bibliography

Australian Learners Dictionary, 1997, National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research, Macquarie University, NSW.

Horton, D. (ed.) 1994, The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander History, Society and Culture, vols 1-2, Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.

The Macquarie Dictionary, 1997, 3rd edn, Macquarie University, NSW.

My First Macquarie Dictionary, 1987, Jacaranda Press, Sydney.

NSW Department of School Education. 1994, New Arrivals Dictionaries, 16 vols, Disadvantaged Schools Program, Erskineville.

Oxford Elementary Learner’s Dictionary, 1994, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

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