Harry John Grier (1940–2018)

OBITUARIES

Copeia 107, No. 2, 2019, 373–378 Harry John Grier (1940–2018)

Mari Carmen Uribe1 and Lynne R. Parenti2

ARRY JOHN GRIER was an accomplished reproduc- attest. But the formal classroom did not suit him and a fish tive morphologist, fisheries biologist, tropical fish farm did not provide a reliable income, although he H farmer, and photographer. He was born on August maintained fishes in his personal aquaculture facility on his 7, 1940 in New York City where he grew up. His early property in Riverview, Florida, throughout his life. In 1984, education was in the City’s public school system, and he Harry took a permanent position as a biologist in what is now graduated in 1964 with a B.A. from Queens College (now part the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s of the City University of New York). Harry’s contacts in and Fish and Wildlife Research Institute in St. Petersburg. One of interactions with the local aquarium trade drew him to the his major assignments was to study the reproduction of some study of the viviparous poeciliid fishes, the guppies, mollies, of the state’s most popular and important marine gamefishes: swordtails, and relatives. He was also encouraged and guided the Common Snook, Centropomus undecimalis, and the Red by Donn E. Rosen, ichthyologist at the American Museum of Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. These two species became the focus Natural History (AMNH), for whom Harry worked as a of his 34-year research career at the FWRI. research assistant from 1963 to 1964. There Harry experi- Harry was a reproductive morphologist who always enced aspects of museum science firsthand, including the searched for the more general applications and implications importance of comparative biology and the value of a large of his research. He brought attention to the uniform biological reference collection. structure of the germinal epithelium (Grier, 2000; Grier and When employed as a sheet metal worker in the early 1960s, Lo Nostro, 2000) and the significance of the basement Harry decided to pursue a scientific career against the objections of his mother who did not want him to leave a membrane (Mazzoni et al., 2015) in gonad morphology, as good paying, steady job. After getting his B.A., he headed well as modified the protocol for oocyte staging in fishes to south, never again to live in the northeastern USA. Harry make it adaptable to all taxa (Uribe et al., 2009). He completed an M.A. in 1968 at the University of North maintained a strong interest in poeciliids and their relatives, Carolina, Chapel Hill, followed by a Ph.D. in 1973 under the as well as other atherinomorph fishes, all of which have a direction of Joe R. Linton at the University of South Florida, unique reproductive morphology, a feature that he discov- Tampa. Harry was the first person awarded a Ph.D. from that ered. In the late 1970s, one of us (LRP) was a graduate student campus. His doctoral dissertation on ‘‘Reproduction in the teleost Poecilia latipinna: an ultrastructural and photoperiodic investigation’’ formed the basis of his first scientific publications (Grier, 1973, 1975). These combined his love of poeciliids and fish reproduction with his keen eye for anatomical detail and tireless photo documentation that would remain the cornerstones of his research throughout his life. Harry held the post of Assistant Professor of Biology at USF for one year, then left for a postdoctoral fellowship in the Department of Endocrinology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, from 1974 to 1976. He returned to Florida in 1976 to become the owner and manager of Florida Tropicals, a tropical fish farm in Lakeland. Harry moved easily between the academic and the aquarium worlds, understanding what each brought to our knowledge of the biology of tropical fishes. He served as an editor of the tropical fish hobbyist periodical Fresh Water and Marine Aquarium for 20 years from 1981 to 2001. For short periods in the early 1980s and again in the 1990s, Harry taught part-time at Hillsborough Community College in Tampa. Harry was an engaging teacher one-on-one as his many colleagues and students will Fig. 1. Harry Grier, St. Petersburg, Florida, 2006. Photo from H. J. Grier.

1 Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Biolog´ıa de la Reproduccion´ Animal, Universidad Nacional Autonoma´ de Mexico,´ Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico,´ D.F., Mexico;´ Email: [email protected]. 2 Division of Fishes, NHB MRC 159, PO Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013- 7012; Email: [email protected]. Ó 2019 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists DOI: 10.1643/OT-19-210 Published online: 25 June 2019 374 Copeia 107, No. 2, 2019

(Grier, Linton, Leatherland, and DeVlaming, 1980) published a paper in which a particular form of the testis was described as unique to atherinomorphs: spermatogonia are restricted to the distal ends of testis lobules, rather than distributed along the length of the lobules. Rosen and Parenti (1981) used this character to diagnose the Atherinomorpha as a monophy- letic taxon. It is the most cogent morphological character of atherinomorph monophyly (e.g., Parenti and Grier, 2004). This is a remarkable contribution to systematic ichthyology from someone who would not identify himself as a systematist. Harry’s influence on a range of fields is reflected also in several other tributes: Brown-Peterson and Lowerre- Barbieri (2018) and Kroll et al. (2019). Harry was an international scholar who developed strong relationships with colleagues worldwide. He attended the European Ichthyological Congress in Stockholm in 1985 where he and LRP discussed potential collaborative projects on groups of atherinomorph fishes, especially those little known and little studied, such as the phallostethids of Southeast Asia. A joint publication on this topic (Grier and Parenti, 1994) kicked off 25 years of collaboration and friendship. Harry was most proud of his appointment as a Research Associate at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History beginning in the early 1990s. Harry was a regular visitor to the fish collection. There he could sample fixed gonads from a range of taxa and life history stages. One important finding of this research was that initially well-fixed, archival museum specimens can reveal remarkable details of reproductive morphology, as demonstrated for the freshwater oviparous goodeids Crenichthys and Empetrich- thys Fig. 2. Harry Grier photographing goodeid fishes maintained in the (Uribe et al., 2012, 2018) and the deep-sea aulopiform Laboratorio de Biolog´ıa Acua´tica, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicola´s Chlorophthalmus (Parenti et al., 2015), as well as the de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoaca´n, Mexico,´ 2014. Photo by L. R. Parenti. phallostethids, among other taxa. Harry was naturally communicative and enjoyed the of Rosen’s at the AMNH working on cyprinodontiform company and conversation of his many colleagues and systematics. The relationship of cyprinodontiforms to other students. A phone call from Harry could easily last an atherinomorphs was in question, as was the monophyly of hour, or more. He was an ace photographer and brought the atherinomorphs as a whole. Then Harry and colleagues his professional camera gear with him wherever he went,

Fig. 3. Harry Grier, Mari Carmen Uribe, and Lynne Parenti (left to right), July 2, 2016 in Pimmit Hills, Virginia. Photo by J. R. Burns. Obituaries 375 capturing friends and colleagues in informal portraits that Grier, H. J., J. R. Linton, J. F. Leatherland, and V. L. hewouldprintandsendtothemasgifts.Hewasinvited DeVlaming. 1980. Structural evidence for two different regularly to present his research at international symposia testicular types in teleost fishes. American Journal of and meetings. In 1998 one of us (MCU) invited Harry to Anatomy 159:331–345. participate in the first International Symposium on Grier, H. J., and F. Lo Nostro. 2000. The germinal Viviparous Fishes held in Cuernavaca, Mexico.´ His partic- epithelium: a unifying concept, p. 233–236. In: Proceed- ipation in that meeting began two decades of vibrant ings of the 6th International Symposium on the Reproduc- collaboration and cooperation between Harry and Mexican tive Physiology of Fish, Bergen 1999. B. Norberg, O. S. colleagues. Two books edited by Harry and MCU (Uribe Kjesbu, G. L. Taranger, E. Andersson, and S. O. Steffanson and Grier, 2005, 2010) brought together many of the (eds.). University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. results from that and subsequent symposia. These richly Grier, H. J., and L. R. Parenti. 1994. Reproductive biology illustrated volumes provide essential reviews and primary and systematics of phallostethid fishes as revealed by data on the fishes that exhibit some form of live-bearing. gonad structure. Environmental Biology of Fishes 41:287– Harry also developed strong connections with colleagues 299. in South America, as well as throughout the US. He Grier, H. J., W. F. Porak, J. Carroll, and L. R. Parenti. 2018. brought a critical scientific and artistic eye and demanding Oocyte development and staging in the Florida Bass, standards of histology to these collaborations, as seen in Micropterus floridanus (LeSueur, 1822), with comments on the crisp illustrations in his publications. He insisted on the evolution of pelagic and demersal eggs in bony fishes. embedding gonad tissue in plastic, not paraffin, which Copeia 106:329–345. required a dedicated tissue processor and microtome, as Grier, H. J., M. C. Uribe, F. L. LoNostro, S. D. Mims, and L. well as special skills. R. Parenti. 2016. Constancy of the germinal epithelium Harry regularly attended ASIH meetings and published his through 500 million years of vertebrate evolution. Journal research in Copeia. He was sensitive to the continued loss of of Morphology 277:1014–1044. vertebrate biodiversity and, with MCU, organized a sympo- Kroll, K., C. Neidig, L. Parenti, W. Porak, M. C. Uribe, J. sium for the 2003 meetings in Manaus on ‘‘Exotics and Landsberg, and C. Steward. 2019. A brief glimpse into the Extinction: Fates of Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles.’’ Ever reproductive biology of Florida fishes. Remembering Harry the optimist, Harry lead the evening round-table discussion Grier. The Shellcracker. Florida Chapter of the American on developing an action plan to prevent, contain, or Fisheries Society January:3–5. eradicate alien species in the wild. Mazzoni, T. S., H. J. Grier, and I. Quagio-Grassiotto. 2015. Harry would often sign his emails ‘‘Much to do, and too The basement membrane and the sex establishment in the little time.’’ He spoke of selling his property in Riverview and juvenile hermaphroditism during gonadal differentiation retiring to Mexico,´ but only after he finished ‘‘just a few more of the Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Teleostei: Characiformes: research projects.’’ In the last years of his life, he completed Characidae). The Anatomical Record 298:1984–2010. milestone papers with his frequent collaborators on the Parenti, L. R., and H. J. Grier. 2004. Evolution and phylogeny of gonad morphology in bony fishes. Integra- germinal epithelium (Grier et al., 2016) and the Florida Bass tive and Comparative Biology 44:333–348. (Grier et al., 2018), the latter one of six publications in 2018. Parenti,L.R.,H.J.Grier,andM.C.Uribe.2015. When Harry died in Florida on July 4, 2018, at age 77, from Reproductive biology of Chlorophthalmus agassizi Bona- prostate cancer, he had many other papers in preparation parte, 1840 (Teleostei: Aulopiformes: Chlorophthalmidae) with many of his colleagues. It remains for us to publish as revealed through histology of archival museum speci- these. mens. Copeia 103:821–837. Rosen, D. E., and L. R. Parenti. 1981. Relationships of ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Oryzias, and the groups of atherinomorph fishes. American We thank John Burns (The George Washington University), Museum Novitates 2719:1–25. Susan Silver (University of South Florida Libraries), and Wes Uribe, M. C., and H. J. Grier (Eds.). 2005. Viviparous Fishes. Porak (Lakefront Management and Research, Eustis, Florida) New Life Publications, Homestead, Florida. for graciously providing information. Uribe, M. C., and H. J. Grier (Eds.). 2010. Viviparous Fishes II. New Life Publications, Homestead, Florida. LITERATURE CITED Uribe, M. C., H. J. Grier, G. De la Rose-Cruz, and A. Garcia- Alarcon. 2009. Modifications in ovarian and testicular Brown-Peterson, N. J., and S. K. Lowerre-Barbieri. 2018. morphology associated with viviparity in teleosts, p. 85– Harry Grier 1940–2018. Gulf and Caribbean Research 29 117. In: Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Fishes (1). (Agnathans and Bony Fishes), Vol. 8A. B. G. M. Jamieson Grier, H. J. 1973. Ultrastructure of the testis in the teleost (ed.). Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire. Poecilia latipinna: spermiogenesis with reference to the Uribe, M. C., H. J. Grier, and L. R. Parenti. 2012. Ovarian intercentriolar lamellated body. Journal of Ultrastructure structure and oogenesis of the oviparous goodeids Cren- Research 45:82–92. ichthys baileyi (Gilbert, 1893) and Empetrichthys latos Miller, Grier, H. J. 1975. Aspects of germinal cyst and sperm 1948 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes). Journal of Morphol- development in Poecilia latipinna (Teleostei: Poeciliidae). ogy 273:371–387. Journal of Morphology 146:229–250. Uribe, M. C., H. J. Grier, and L. R. Parenti. 2018. Testicular Grier, H. 2000. Ovarian germinal epithelium and folliculo- structure and spermatogenesis of the oviparous goodeids genesis in the Common Snook, Centropomus undecimalis Crenichthys baileyi (Gilbert, 1893) and Empetrichthys latos (Teleostei: Centropomidae). Journal of Morphology 243: Miller, 1948 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes). Journal of 265–281. Morphology 279:1787–1797. 376 Copeia 107, No. 2, 2019

SCIENTIFIC BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HARRY JOHN GRIER Grier,H.J.,R.G.Taylor,andR.Reese.1987. The mechanism of tubule elongation during testicular recru- Edited books descence in the red fish, Sciaenops ocellatus, p. 285–291. In: Proceedings of the V Congress of European Ichthyology. S. Uribe, M. C., and H. J. Grier (Eds.). 2005. Viviparous Fishes. O. Kullander and B. Fernholm (eds.). Department of New Life Publications, Homestead, Florida. Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Uribe, M. C., and H. J. Grier (Eds.). 2010. Viviparous Fishes Stockholm. II. New Life Publications, Homestead, Florida. Grier, H. J. 1988. Brown bodies in the gonads of the black seabass, Centropristis striata, p. 199. In: Proceedings of the Chronological listing of peer-reviewed journal articles and 3rd International Symposium of the Reproductive Physiol- book chapters ogy of Fish. D. R. Idler, L. W. Crim, and J. M. Walsh (eds.). Grier, H. J. 1973. Ultrastructure of the testis in the teleost Marine Sciences Research Laboratory, Memorial University Poecilia latipinna: spermiogenesis with reference to the of Newfoundland, Newfoundland. intercentriolar lamellated body. Journal of Ultrastructure Grier, H. J., R. van den Hurk, and R. Billard. 1989. Research 45:82–92. Cytological identification of cell types in the testis of Esox Grier, H. J. 1975. Aspects of germinal cyst and sperm lucius and E. niger. Cell and Tissue Research 257:491–496. development in Poecilia latipinna (Teleostei: Poeciliidae). Grier, H. J., D. P. Moody, and B. Cowell. 1990. Internal Journal of Morphology 146:229–250. fertilization and sperm morphology in the brook silverside, Batten, T. F. C., J. N. Ball, and H. J. Grier. 1976. Circadian Labidesthes sicculus. Copeia 1990:221–226. changes in the prolactin cell activity in the pituitary of the Cochran, R. C., and H. J. Grier. 1991. Regulation of sexual teleost Poecilia latipinna in fresh water. Cell and Tissue succession in the protogynous black sea bass, Centropristis Research 165:267–280. striatus (Osteichthyes: Serranidae). General and Compara- Bhalla, V. K., J. Haskell, H. J. Grier, and V. B. Mahesh. 1976. tive Endocrinology 82:69–77. Extraction of high affinity gonadotropin sites from rat Quintero-Hunter, I., H. J. Grier, and M. Muscato. 1991. testis and partial characterization of their interaction with Enhancement of histological detail using metanil yellow as human follitropin, lutropin and choriogonadotropin. counterstain in periodic acid-Schiff’s hematoxylin staining Journal of Biological Chemistry 251:4947–4957. of glycol methacrylate tissue sections. Biotechnic and Grier, H. J. 1976a. Sperm development in the teleost Oryzias Histochemistry 66:169–172. latipes. Cell and Tissue Research 168:419–431. Coe,I.R.,H.J.Grier,andN.M.Sherwood.1992. Grier, H. J. 1976b. Spermiogenesis in the teleost Gambusia Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the molly Poecilia affinis with particular reference to the role played by latipinna: molecular form, quantity, and location. Journal microtubules. Cell and Tissue Research 168:89–102. of Experimental Zoology 261:414–423. Grier, H. J., and J. R. Linton. 1977. Ultrastructural Grier, H. J. 1992. The chordate testis: the extracellular matrix identification of the Sertoli cell in the testis of the northern hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Zoology 261:151–160. pike, Esox lucius. American Journal of Anatomy 149:283– Parsons, G. R., and H. J. Grier. 1992. Seasonal changes in 288. shark testicular structure and spermatogenesis. Journal of Grier, H. J., J. M. Fitzsimons, and J. R. Linton. 1978. Experimental Zoology 261:173–184. Structure and ultrastructure of the testis and sperm Grier, H. J. 1993. Comparative organization of Sertoli cells formation in goodeid teleosts. Journal of Morphology including the Sertoli cell Barrier, p. 704–739. In: The Sertoli 156:419–438. Cell. L. D. Russell and M. D. Griswold (eds.). Cache River Grier, H. J., J. Horner, and V. B. Mahesh. 1980. The Press, Clearwater, Florida. morphology of enclosed testicular tubules in a teleost fish, Sherwood, N. M., H. J. Grier, C. Warby, J. Peute, and R. G. Poecilia latipinna. Transactions of the American Microscop- Taylor. 1993. A novel from of gonadotropin releasing ical Society 99:268–276. hormone in the snook Centropomus undecimalis: Compar- Grier, H. J., J. R. Linton, J. F. Leatherland, and V. L. ison with the forms in black sea bass Centropristis striatus. DeVlaming. 1980. Structural evidence for two different Regulatory Peptides 46:523–534. testicular types in teleost fishes. American Journal of Grier, H. J., and L. R. Parenti. 1994. Reproductive biology Anatomy 159:331–345. and systematics of phallostethid fishes as revealed by Grier, H. J. 1981. Cellular organization of the testis and gonad structure. Environmental Biology of Fishes 41:287– spermatogenesis in fishes. American Zoologist 21:345–357. 299. Grier, H. J., J. R. Burns, and J. A. Flores. 1981. Testis Grier, H. J., and L. Fishelson. 1995. Colloidal sperm structure in three species of teleosts with tubular gonopo- packaging in mouthbrooding tilapiine fishes. Copeia dia. Copeia 1981:798–802. 1995:966–970. Grier, H. J., and M. Abraham. 1983. A model for testicular Grier, H. J., and R. G. Taylor. 1998. Testicular maturation recrudescence in Oreochromis aureus, p. 200–209. In: and regression in the common snook. Journal of Fish Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tilapia Biology 53:521–542. in Aquaculture. L. Fishelson and Z. Yaron (eds.). Tel Aviv Taylor, R. G., H. J. Grier, and J. A. Whittington. 1998. University Press, Tel Aviv, Israel. Spawning rhythms of common snook in Florida. Journal of Grier, H. J. 1984. Testis structure and formation of sper- Fish Biology 53:502–520. matophores in the atherinomorph teleost Horaichthys Roberts, S. B., L. F. Jackson, W. King, R. G. Taylor, H. J. setnai. Copeia 1984:833–839. Grier, and C. V. Sullivan. 1999. Annual reproductive cycle Grier, H. J., and B. B. Collette. 1987. Unique spermato- of common snook: endocrine correlates of maturation. zeugmata in testes of halfbeaks of the genus Zenarchopterus Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 128:436– (Teleostei: Hemiramphidae). Copeia 1987:300–311. 445. Obituaries 377

Grier, H. 2000. Ovarian germinal epithelium and folliculo- Lo Nostro, F., H. J. Grier, F. Meijide, and G. A. Guerrero. genesis in the Common Snook, Centropomus undecimalis 2003. Ultrastructure of the testis in Synbranchus marmoratus (Teleostei: Centropomidae). Journal of Morphology 243: (Teleostei, Synbranchidae): the germinal compartment. 265–281. Tissue and Cell 35:121–132. Grier, H. J., and F. Lo Nostro. 2000. The germinal Parenti, L. R., and H. J. Grier. 2004. Evolution and epithelium: a unifying concept, p. 233–236. In: Proceed- phylogeny of gonad morphology in bony fishes. Integra- ings of the 6th International Symposium on the Reproduc- tive and Comparative Biology 44:333–348. tive Physiology of Fish, Bergen 1999. B. Norberg, O. S. Tiersch, T. R., W. R. Wayman, D. P. Skapura, C. L. Neidig, Kjesbu, G. L. Taranger, E. Andersson, and S. O. Steffanson and H. J. Grier. 2004. Transport and cryopreservation of (eds.). University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. sperm of the common snook, Centropomus undecimalis Lo Nostro, F., L. Andreone, G. Guerrero, and H. J. Grier. (Bloch). Aquaculture Research 35:278–288. 2000. Annual cycle of the testis in the swamp eel, Dom´ınguez-Dom´ınguez, O., N. Mercado-Silva, J. Lyons, Synbranchus marmoratus (Teleostei, Synbranchidae), a pro- and H. J. Grier. 2005. The viviparous goodeid species, p. togynic, diandric fish, p. 254. In: Proceedings of the 6th 525–569. In: Viviparous Fishes. M. C. Uribe and H. J. Grier International Symposium on the Reproductive Physiology (eds.). New Life Publications, Homestead, Florida. of Fish, Bergen 1999. B. Norberg, O. S. Kjesbu, G. L. Grier, H. J. 2005. Guillermo Mendoza: a tribute, p. 8–9. In: Taranger,E.Andersson,andS.O.Steffanson(eds.). Viviparous Fishes. M. C. Uribe and H. J. Grier (eds.). New University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Life Publications, Homestead, Florida. Neidig, C. L., D. P. Skapura, H. J. Grier, and C. W. Dennis. Grier, H. J., M. C. Uribe, L. R. Parenti, and G. De la Rosa- 2000. Techniques for spawning common snook: brood- Cruz. 2005. Fecundity, the germinal epithelium, and stock handling, oocyte staging, and egg quality. North folliculogenesis in viviparous fishes, p. 191–216. In: American Journal of Aquaculture 62:103–113. Viviparous Fishes. M. C. Uribe and H. J. Grier (eds.). New Neidig, C. L., D. S. Skapura, H. J. Grier, and J. M. Sprinkel. Life Publications, Homestead, Florida. 2000. Preliminary study—a comparison of doses of human Meisner, A. D., and H. J. Grier. 2005. SEM study of the chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on ovulation, egg quality priapium of the phallostethid (Atherinomorpha: Phallos- and larval survival in Common Snook, Centropomus tethidae) Gulaphallus mirabilis, p. 579–580. In: Viviparous undecimalis (Bloch), p. 429. In: Proceedings of the 6th Fishes. M. C. Uribe and H. J. Grier (eds.). New Life International Symposium on the Reproductive Physiology Publications, Homestead, Florida. of Fish, Bergen 1999. B. Norberg, O. S. Kjesbu, G. L. Thacker, C., and H. Grier. 2005. Unusual gonad structure in Taranger,E.Andersson,andS.O.Steffanson(eds.). the paedomorphic teleost Schindleria praematura (Teleostei: University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Gobioidei): a comparison with other gobioid fishes.

Skapura, D. P., C. L. Neidig, H. J. Grier, N. Sherwood, J. Journal of Fish Biology 66:378–391. Rivier, and R. G. Taylor. 2000. Induction of ovulation in Grier, H. J., M. C. Uribe, and L. R. Parenti. 2007. The common snook, Centropomus undecimalis, using gonado- germinal epithelium, folliculogenesis, and postovulatory tropin-releasing hormone, p. 430. In: Proceedings of the follicles in ovaries of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss 6th International Symposium on the Reproductive Physi- (Walbaum, 1792) (Teleostei, Protacanthopterygii, Salmoni- ology of Fish, Bergen 1999. B. Norberg, O. S. Kjesbu, G. L. formes). Journal of Morphology 268:293–310. Taranger,E.Andersson,andS.O.Steffanson(eds.). Grier, H. J., and M. C. Uribe-Aranza´bal. 2009. The testis and University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. spermatogenesis in fishes, p. 119–142. In: Reproductive Taylor, R. G., J. A. Whittington, H. J. Grier, and R. E. Biology and Phylogeny of Fishes (Agnathans and Bony Crabtree. 2000. Age, growth, maturation, and protrandric Fishes), Vol. 8A. B. G. M. Jamieson (ed.). Science Publishers, sex reversal in the common snook, Centropomus undecima- Enfield, New Hampshire. lis, from east and west coasts of Florida. Fishery Bulletin 98: Grier, H. J., M. C. Uribe-Aranza´bal, and R. Patino.˜ 2009. 612–624. The ovary, folliculogenesis, and oogenesis in teleost, p. 24– Brown-Peterson, N. J., H. J. Grier, and R. M. Overstreet. 85. In: Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Fishes 2002. Annual changes in the germinal epithelium deter- (Agnathans and Bony Fishes), Vol. 8A. B. G. M. Jamieson mine male reproductive classes of the cobia. Journal of Fish (ed.). Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire. Biology 60:178–202. Martyniuk, C. J., K. J. Kroll, W. F. Porak, C. Steward, H. J. Grier, H. J. 2002. The germinal epithelium: its dual role in Grier, and N. D. Denslow. 2009. Seasonal relationship establishing male reproductive classes and understanding between gonadotropin, growth hormone, and estrogen the basis for indeterminate egg production in female fishes, receptor mRNA expression in the pituitary gland of p. 537–549. In: Proceedings of the Fifty-Third Annual Gulf largemouth bass. General and Comparative Endocrinology and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. L. Creswell (ed.). 163:306–317. Mississippi/Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, Fort Pierce, Uribe, M. C., H. J. Grier, G. De la Rose-Cruz, and A. Garcia- Florida. Alarcon. 2009. Modifications in ovarian and testicular Koulish, S., C. R. Kramer, and H. J. Grier. 2002. Organiza- morphology associated with viviparity in teleosts, p. 85– tion of the male gonad in a protogynous fish, Thalassoma 117. In: Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Fishes bifasciatum (Teleostei: Labridae). Journal of Morphology (Agnathans and Bony Fishes), Vol. 8A. B. G. M. Jamieson 254:292–311. (ed.). Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire. Lo Nostro, F., H. Grier, L. Andreone, and G. A. Guerrero. Fran¸ca, G. F., H. J. Grier, and I. Quagio-Grassiotto. 2010. A 2003. Involvement of the gonadal germinal epithelium new vision of the origin and the oocyte development in during sex reversal and seasonal testicular cycling in the the Ostariophysi applied to Gymnotus sylvius (Teleostei, protogynous swamp eel, Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch Gymnotiformes). Neotropical Ichthyology 8:787–804. 1795 (Teleostei, Synbranchidae). Journal of Morphology Grier, H. J. 2010. Population differences and the annual 257:107–126. reproductive cycle in Poecilia latipinna (Atherinomorpha, 378 Copeia 107, No. 2, 2019

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1948 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes). Journal of Morphol- genesis and oocyte atresia in ovulated common snook, ogy 273:371–387. Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792). Journal of Mor- Rhody, N. R., C. Neidig, H. J. Grier, K. L. Main, and H. phology 278:547–562. Migaud. 2013. Assessing reproductive condition in captive Grier, H. J., W. F. Porak, J. Carroll, and L. R. Parenti. 2018. and wild common snook stocks: a comparison between the Oocyte development and staging in the Florida Bass, wet mount technique and histological preparations. Micropterus floridanus (LeSueur, 1822), with comments on Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 42:979–988. the evolution of pelagic and demersal eggs in bony fishes. Wildner, D. D., H. Grier, and I. Quagio-Grassiotto. 2013. Copeia 106:329–345. Female germ cell renewal during the annual reproductive Johnson, A. K., and H. J. Grier. 2018. Ovarian germinal cycle in ostariophysians [sic] fish. Theriogenology 79:709– epithelium, oocyte development and the secretory epithe- 724. lium in monkfish (Lophius americanus Valenciennes). Mazzoni, T. S., H. J. Grier, and I. Quagio-Grassiotto. 2014. Journal of Morphology 279:1887–1896. Male gonadal differentiation and the paedomorphic Liu, Y., H. J. Grier, and T. R. Tiersch. 2018. Production of evolution of the testis in Teleostei. The Anatomical Record live young with cryopreserved sperm from the endangered 297:1137–1162. livebearing fish Redtail Splitfin (Xenotoca eiseni, Rutter, Poulakis, G., and H. J. Grier. 2014. Ontogenetic testicular 1896). Animal Reproduction Science 196:77. development and spermatogenesis in rays: the Cownose Uribe, M. C., and H. J. Grier. 2018. Insemination, intrafol- Ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, as a model. Environmental Biology licular fertilization and development of the fertilization of Fishes 97:1013–1029. plug during gestation in Heterandria formosa (Poeciliidae). Uribe, M. C., G. De la Rosa-Cruz, and H. J. Grier. 2014. Journal of Morphology 279:970–980. Proliferation of oogonia and folliculogenesis in the Uribe, M. C., H. J. Grier, S. A. Avila-Zuniga, and A. Garcia- viviparous teleost Ilyodon whitei (Goodeidae). Journal of Alarcon. 2018. Change of lecithotrophic to matrotrophic Morphology 275:1004–1015. nutrition during gestation in the viviparous teleost Mart´ınez, V. H., G. Monasterio de Gonzo, M. C. Uribe, and Xenotoca eiseni (Goodeidae). Journal of Morphology 279: H. J. Grier. 2015. Testicular structure in three viviparous 1336–1345. species of teleosts in the genus Jenynsia (Anablepidae). Uribe, M. C., H. J. Grier, and L. R. Parenti. 2018. Testicular Spermatogenesis 4:e983399. structure and spermatogenesis of the oviparous goodeids Mazzoni, T. S., H. J. Grier, and I. Quagio-Grassiotto. 2015. Crenichthys baileyi (Gilbert, 1893) and Empetrichthys latos The basement membrane and the sex establishment in the Miller, 1948 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes). Journal of juvenile hermaphroditism during gonadal differentiation Morphology 279:1787–1797.