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2020 Deborahfurlanscavone V UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS EM INGLÊS DÉBORAH FURLAN SCAVONE A dramaturgia curta de Thornton Wilder no período compreendido entre 1957 e 1961: Análise de The Wreck on the Five-Twenty-Five, Someone from Assisi e Childhood Versão Corrigida São Paulo 2020 DÉBORAH FURLAN SCAVONE A dramaturgia curta de Thornton Wilder no período compreendido entre 1957 e 1961: Análise de The Wreck on the Five-Twenty-Five, Someone from Assisi e Childhood Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre. Área de Concentração: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em inglês Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria Silvia Betti Versão Corrigida São Paulo 2020 DÉBORAH FURLAN SCAVONE A dramaturgia curta de Thornton Wilder no período compreendido entre 1957 e 1961: Análise de The Wreck on the Five-Twenty-Five, Someone from Assisi e Childhood Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre. Área de Concentração: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em inglês BANCA EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr._______________________________________________________________ Instituição: _______________________ Assinatura:____________________________ Prof. Dr._______________________________________________________________ Instituição: _______________________ Assinatura:____________________________ Prof. Dr._______________________________________________________________ Instituição: _______________________ Assinatura:____________________________ Prof. Dr._______________________________________________________________ Instituição: _______________________ Assinatura:____________________________ Prof. Dr._______________________________________________________________ Instituição: _______________________ Assinatura:____________________________ Para meus pais Terezinha e Waldemar (in memoriam) AGRADECIMENTOS À professora Dra. Maria Sílvia Betti, por me aceitar como sua orientanda de mestrado e por ampliar meu conhecimento sobre o teatro norte-americano. Aos professores ministrantes das aulas do curso de pós-graduação da FFLCH-USP, Anderson Gonçalves da Silva, Daniel Puglia e Marília Velardi (ECA-USP), por tudo o que aprendi em suas disciplinas. À amiga Gisele Freire, por todo o apoio, incentivo e carinho. Ao amigo Evandro Ponce Munhoz, pela incansável colaboração e presteza no envio de livros e materiais importados. A Fulvio Torres Flores, por seu interesse em minha pesquisa e por sua gentileza. A Brian Penido Ross, membro do Grupo TAPA, pela atenção e informações. DÉBORAH FURLAN SCAVONE A DRAMATURGIA CURTA DE THORNTON WILDER NO PERÍODO COMPREENDIDO ENTRE 1957 E 1961: ANÁLISE DE THE WRECK ON THE FIVE- TWENTY-FIVE, SOMEONE FROM ASSISI e CHILDHOOD “Art is confession; art is the secret told. But art is not only the desire to tell one’s secret; it is the desire to tell it and hide it at the same time. And the secret is nothing more than the whole drama of the inner life.” Thornton Wilder RESUMO Este estudo propõe a análise das peças curtas The Wreck on the Five-Twenty-Five (1957), Someone from Assisi (1961) e Childhood (1960), concebidas pelo dramaturgo estadunidense Thornton Wilder. No fim da década de 1950, Wilder retoma a escrita de peças curtas e projeta os ciclos The Seven Deadly Sins (Os Sete Pecados Capitais) e The Seven Ages of Man (As Sete Idades do Homem) para o palco em arena do Circle in the Square Theater, no Greenwich Village, Off-Broadway da cidade de Nova York. Em 11 de janeiro de 1962, estreia o espetáculo Plays for Bleecker Street: Plays in One Act for an Arena Stage apresentando Infancy, Childhood e Someone from Assisi sob a direção de José Quintero, cofundador do Circle. A despeito do sucesso da temporada, Wilder desiste do projeto por acreditar que as peças necessitavam de muitas revisões. O ciclo Sins nunca esteve a seu contento; quanto ao ciclo Ages, Wilder disponibiliza Infancy e Childhood, mas interrompe a escrita de Youth, The Rivers Under the Earth, A Ringing of Doorbells e In Shakespeare and the Bible. Este estudo inclui trechos traduzidos das peças em análise com o objetivo de ressaltar as rubricas minuciosamente pontuadas por Wilder, nas quais o autor buscava orientar os atores na criação dos subtextos de suas personagens. Serão discutidas as características formais e estilísticas das três peças, as fontes que contribuíram para a identidade dramatúrgica do autor, a peça em um ato, o épico e a representação do tempo no teatro wilderiano. Wilder acreditava que as produções do Off- Broadway constituíam uma boa alternativa aos espetáculos comerciais da Broadway, visto que nelas o investimento financeiro era menor, os ingressos eram acessíveis e os dramaturgos podiam usufruir de independência autoral. Palavras-chave: Thornton Wilder; Peça em um ato; Palco em arena; Off-Broadway; Circle in the Square Theater. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyze American playwright Thornton Wilder’s one-act plays The Wreck on the Five-Twenty-Five (1957), Someone from Assisi (1961) and Childhood (1960). In the late 1950’s Wilder turned his attention to the short play form and envisioned two cycles depicting The Seven Deadly Sins and The Seven Ages of Man for the arena stage of The Circle in the Square Theater, New York City’s Greenwich Village, Off-Broadway. The plays Infancy, Childhood and Someone from Assisi premiered at Circle in the Square on January 11, 1962, as part of the evening called Plays for Bleecker Street: Plays in One Act for an Arena Stage, directed by its co-founder José Quintero. Although the season was a success, Wilder believed his plays needed many revisions. He never wrote the Sins cycle to his satisfaction; as for the Ages cycle, he delivered Infancy and Childhood, but Youth, The Rivers Under the Earth, A Ringing of Doorbells and In Shakespeare and the Bible were left unfinished. This study also comprises excerpts of the three original plays translated into Portuguese to show how Wilder worked in detail his stage directions and punctuation marks so that actors could convey their appropriate subtexts on stage. We will discuss the drama influences on Wilder´s theatre, the play in one act, the epic theatre and the way Wilder managed the concept of time in his plays. Wilder believed Off-Broadway productions were a good alternative to the expensive and business-oriented Broadway shows because they were economical, tickets were affordable, and playwrights could experience more independence. Keywords: Thornton Wilder; Play in one act; Arena Stage; Off-Broadway; Circle in the Square Theater. Sumário Introdução ......................................................................................................................... 11 1 Perfil histórico-biográfico ............................................................................................... 15 1.1 Os primeiros passos na dramaturgia ............................................................................ 19 1.2 As minipeças (playlets) ............................................................................................... 20 1.3 As primeiras peças curtas ............................................................................................ 22 1.4 Wilder chega aos palcos.............................................................................................. 22 1.4.1 Lucrece ................................................................................................................ 22 1.4.2 A Doll’s House ..................................................................................................... 23 1.5 Our Town – o primeiro Pulitzer no teatro .................................................................... 23 1.6 The Merchant of Yonkers - The Matchmaker - Hello, Dolly! ....................................... 25 2 As origens do teatro de arena nos Estados Unidos ........................................................... 27 2.1 O teatro regional de Margo Jones, uma alternativa à Broadway .................................. 29 2.2 Tyrone Guthrie e a popularização do teatro regional norte-americano ......................... 30 2.3 As cinco espécies de teatro nos Estados Unidos .......................................................... 31 2.3.1 Broadway ............................................................................................................. 31 2.3.2 Off-Broadway ....................................................................................................... 32 2.3.3 Off-Off-Broadway ................................................................................................ 32 2.3.4 Regional Theater – Resident Theater (Teatro Regional - Teatro Residente) .......... 33 2.3.5 Community Theater (Teatro Comunitário) ............................................................ 34 2.4 Principais diferenças entre o teatro comercial e o teatro sem fins lucrativos ................ 34 2.5 Circle in the Square Theater, uma companhia teatral do Off-Broadway ....................... 35 3 Os Sete Pecados Capitais e As Sete Idades do Homem ................................................... 38 3.1 Concepção e histórico dos ciclos ................................................................................. 38 3.2 Wilder e a religião .....................................................................................................
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