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Demoting Pluto Presentation
WWhhaatt HHaappppeenneedd ttoo PPlluuttoo??!!!! Scale in the Solar System, New Discoveries, and the Nature of Science Mary L. Urquhart, Ph.D. Department of Science/Mathematics Education Marc Hairston, Ph.D. William B. Hanson Center for Space Sciences FFrroomm NNiinnee ttoo EEiigghhtt?? On August 24th Pluto was reclassified by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) as a “dwarf planet”. So what happens to “My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas”? OOffifficciiaall IAIAUU DDeefifinniittiioonn A planet: (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, and (c) has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit. A dwarf planet must satisfy only the first two criteria. WWhhaatt iiss SScciieennccee?? National Science Education Standards (National Research Council, 1996) “…science reflects its history and is an ongoing, changing enterprise.” BBeeyyoonndd MMnneemmoonniiccss Science is “ not a collection of facts but an ongoing process, with continual revisions and refinements of concepts necessary in order to arrive at the best current views of the Universe.” - American Astronomical Society AA BBiitt ooff HHiiststoorryy • How have planets been historically defined? • Has a planet ever been demoted before? Planet (from Greek “planetes” meaning wanderer) This was the first definition of “planet” planet Latin English Spanish Italian French Sun Solis Sunday domingo domenica dimanche Moon Lunae Monday lunes lunedì lundi Mars Martis -
L RES~ARCH Coljncll ·
NA~IOf\i'At ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE AND ENGiNEERING 7 ·.· ·.·. : NATIONAL RES~ARCH ColJNCll · of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNITED• STATES NATIONAL COMMITTEEI . International Union of Radio Sden<:e Nationa.1 Radio Science Meeting 13-15 January 1982 · f l··.. ·· Sponsored by USNC/URSI in cooperation with r Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers University of· Colorado Boulder, Colorado U.S.A. ~· 1' National Radio Science Meeting 13-15 January 19 82 Condensed Technical Program TUESDAY, 12 JANUARY 0900 CCIR U.S. Study Group 5 OT 8-8 CCIR U.S. Study ,Gr.oup 6 Radio Building 2000-2400 USNC/URSI Meeting Broker Inn WEDNESDAY, 13 JANUARY 0900-1200 A-1 Time Domai~ 1-ieasurements CRl-42 B-1 Scattering CR2-28 B-2 Electromagnetic Theory CR2-28 C-1 Topics in Information Theory CR0-30 F-1 Propagation Theory and Models CR2-26 J-1 Millimeter-Wave Astronomy UMC Ballroom 1330-1700 A-2 Microwave/Millimeter Wave Measurements CRl-42 B-3 Antenna Theory and Practice CR2-28 B-4 Inverse Scattering CR2-6 C-2 Digital HF: Equaltz ation and Reiated CR0-30 Techniques E-1 EM Noise in the Sea CRl-40 F-2 Ground-Based Remote Sensing CR2-26 H-1 VLF-ELF Wave Injection Into the CRl-46 Magnetosphere J-2 Very Long Baseline Interferometry UMC 157 1700 Commission A Business Meeting CRl-42 Commission C Business Meeting CR0-30 Commission E Business Meeting CRl-40 Commission F Business Meeting CR2-26 Commission H Business Meeting CRl-46 1800-2000 Reception Engineering Center 2000-2200 IEEE Wave Propagation Standards Committee CRl-46 TH.URSDAY, 14 JANUARY 0830-1200 A-3 -
Mellor 2018 Mres Genderpowe
Gender, power and disguise: cross dressing women within Shakespeare and Spenser MELLOR, Hollyann Available from the Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24018/ A Sheffield Hallam University thesis This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Please visit http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24018/ and http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html for further details about copyright and re-use permissions. GENDER, POWER AND DISGUISE: CROSS-DRESSING WOMEN WITHIN SHAKESPEARE AND SPENSER. Submitted by Hollyann Kaye Mellor Department of Development and Society In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters by Research in English Sheffield Hallam University September 2018 Abstract Gender, Power and Disguise: Cross-Dressing Women within Shakespeare and Spenser. Master of Arts in English, 2018. By engaging with Jonathan Dollimore and Alan Sinfield’s (1994) consolidation, subversion and containment theory this dissertation explores how Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare incorporated female crossdressers within their works to present fictional women as threatening to established Elizabethan gender codes. Transgressive female characters in these works demand particular attention given the insecure variant of patriarchy that had emerged out of Elizabeth I’s reign, and the insistent iconography of female power and constancy that was encouraged throughout the final decades of her rule. This dissertation argues that Spenser and Shakespeare presented crossdressing women as figures who had the potential to subvert established notions of patriarchy during the final decade of the sixteenth-century. -
The Rings and Inner Moons of Uranus and Neptune: Recent Advances and Open Questions
Workshop on the Study of the Ice Giant Planets (2014) 2031.pdf THE RINGS AND INNER MOONS OF URANUS AND NEPTUNE: RECENT ADVANCES AND OPEN QUESTIONS. Mark R. Showalter1, 1SETI Institute (189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, mshowal- [email protected]! ). The legacy of the Voyager mission still dominates patterns or “modes” seem to require ongoing perturba- our knowledge of the Uranus and Neptune ring-moon tions. It has long been hypothesized that numerous systems. That legacy includes the first clear images of small, unseen ring-moons are responsible, just as the nine narrow, dense Uranian rings and of the ring- Ophelia and Cordelia “shepherd” ring ε. However, arcs of Neptune. Voyager’s cameras also first revealed none of the missing moons were seen by Voyager, sug- eleven small, inner moons at Uranus and six at Nep- gesting that they must be quite small. Furthermore, the tune. The interplay between these rings and moons absence of moons in most of the gaps of Saturn’s rings, continues to raise fundamental dynamical questions; after a decade-long search by Cassini’s cameras, sug- each moon and each ring contributes a piece of the gests that confinement mechanisms other than shep- story of how these systems formed and evolved. herding might be viable. However, the details of these Nevertheless, Earth-based observations have pro- processes are unknown. vided and continue to provide invaluable new insights The outermost µ ring of Uranus shares its orbit into the behavior of these systems. Our most detailed with the tiny moon Mab. Keck and Hubble images knowledge of the rings’ geometry has come from spanning the visual and near-infrared reveal that this Earth-based stellar occultations; one fortuitous stellar ring is distinctly blue, unlike any other ring in the solar alignment revealed the moon Larissa well before Voy- system except one—Saturn’s E ring. -
Abstracts of the 50Th DDA Meeting (Boulder, CO)
Abstracts of the 50th DDA Meeting (Boulder, CO) American Astronomical Society June, 2019 100 — Dynamics on Asteroids break-up event around a Lagrange point. 100.01 — Simulations of a Synthetic Eurybates 100.02 — High-Fidelity Testing of Binary Asteroid Collisional Family Formation with Applications to 1999 KW4 Timothy Holt1; David Nesvorny2; Jonathan Horner1; Alex B. Davis1; Daniel Scheeres1 Rachel King1; Brad Carter1; Leigh Brookshaw1 1 Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder 1 Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland (Boulder, Colorado, United States) (Longmont, Colorado, United States) 2 Southwest Research Institute (Boulder, Connecticut, United The commonly accepted formation process for asym- States) metric binary asteroids is the spin up and eventual fission of rubble pile asteroids as proposed by Walsh, Of the six recognized collisional families in the Jo- Richardson and Michel (Walsh et al., Nature 2008) vian Trojan swarms, the Eurybates family is the and Scheeres (Scheeres, Icarus 2007). In this theory largest, with over 200 recognized members. Located a rubble pile asteroid is spun up by YORP until it around the Jovian L4 Lagrange point, librations of reaches a critical spin rate and experiences a mass the members make this family an interesting study shedding event forming a close, low-eccentricity in orbital dynamics. The Jovian Trojans are thought satellite. Further work by Jacobson and Scheeres to have been captured during an early period of in- used a planar, two-ellipsoid model to analyze the stability in the Solar system. The parent body of the evolutionary pathways of such a formation event family, 3548 Eurybates is one of the targets for the from the moment the bodies initially fission (Jacob- LUCY spacecraft, and our work will provide a dy- son and Scheeres, Icarus 2011). -
Ice& Stone 2020
Ice & Stone 2020 WEEK 33: AUGUST 9-15 Presented by The Earthrise Institute # 33 Authored by Alan Hale About Ice And Stone 2020 It is my pleasure to welcome all educators, students, topics include: main-belt asteroids, near-Earth asteroids, and anybody else who might be interested, to Ice and “Great Comets,” spacecraft visits (both past and Stone 2020. This is an educational package I have put future), meteorites, and “small bodies” in popular together to cover the so-called “small bodies” of the literature and music. solar system, which in general means asteroids and comets, although this also includes the small moons of Throughout 2020 there will be various comets that are the various planets as well as meteors, meteorites, and visible in our skies and various asteroids passing by Earth interplanetary dust. Although these objects may be -- some of which are already known, some of which “small” compared to the planets of our solar system, will be discovered “in the act” -- and there will also be they are nevertheless of high interest and importance various asteroids of the main asteroid belt that are visible for several reasons, including: as well as “occultations” of stars by various asteroids visible from certain locations on Earth’s surface. Ice a) they are believed to be the “leftovers” from the and Stone 2020 will make note of these occasions and formation of the solar system, so studying them provides appearances as they take place. The “Comet Resource valuable insights into our origins, including Earth and of Center” at the Earthrise web site contains information life on Earth, including ourselves; about the brighter comets that are visible in the sky at any given time and, for those who are interested, I will b) we have learned that this process isn’t over yet, and also occasionally share information about the goings-on that there are still objects out there that can impact in my life as I observe these comets. -
Guide to the Extended Versions of MPC Data Files Based on the MPCORB Format
Guide to the Extended Versions of MPC Data Files Based on the MPCORB Format Last updated: 2016/04/19 by J.L. Galache Introduction The Minor Planet Center (MPC) has been providing the orbits of minor planets in the form of a file, MPCORB.DAT, since the mid '90s (1990s, not 1890s). Back then there were only a few thousand known asteroids, compared to the several hundred thousand of today, so a flat text file was the appropriate way to circulate these data. It was also a time when most orbit computations were programmed in Fortran, which ingested data no other way. MPCORB.DAT has therefore always been, and continues to be, a fixed-width file (see Table 1 for the current format description1). In fact, all original data files available on the MPC website are flat text files (even the orbits files provided for planetarium-type/sky simulation software packages are simply text files of varying format2). In the early years of the 2010s, possibly due to the rising popularity of the scripting language Python amongst astronomers, and an increased interest from developers wanting to write asteroid-themed tools, requests were received to provide data in other, easier to parse formats, e.g., JSON, CSV, SQL, etc. At the same time, astronomers and developers alike wanted more information than was currently been provided in MPCORB.DAT; information that did exist on the MPC website in other, often hard to find, files. Here was an opportunity to add some new data to existing files, while also making them available in other formats. -
1 Resonant Kuiper Belt Objects
Resonant Kuiper Belt Objects - a Review Renu Malhotra Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Email: [email protected] Abstract Our understanding of the history of the solar system has undergone a revolution in recent years, owing to new theoretical insights into the origin of Pluto and the discovery of the Kuiper belt and its rich dynamical structure. The emerging picture of dramatic orbital migration of the planets driven by interaction with the primordial Kuiper belt is thought to have produced the final solar system architecture that we live in today. This paper gives a brief summary of this new view of our solar system's history, and reviews the astronomical evidence in the resonant populations of the Kuiper belt. Introduction Lying at the edge of the visible solar system, observational confirmation of the existence of the Kuiper belt came approximately a quarter-century ago with the discovery of the distant minor planet (15760) Albion (formerly 1992 QB1, Jewitt & Luu 1993). With the clarity of hindsight, we now recognize that Pluto was the first discovered member of the Kuiper belt. The current census of the Kuiper belt includes more than 2000 minor planets at heliocentric distances between ~30 au and ~50 au. Their orbital distribution reveals a rich dynamical structure shaped by the gravitational perturbations of the giant planets, particularly Neptune. Theoretical analysis of these structures has revealed a remarkable dynamic history of the solar system. The story is as follows (see Fernandez & Ip 1984, Malhotra 1993, Malhotra 1995, Fernandez & Ip 1996, and many subsequent works). -
The Orbital Distribution of Near-Earth Objects Inside Earth’S Orbit
Icarus 217 (2012) 355–366 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus The orbital distribution of Near-Earth Objects inside Earth’s orbit ⇑ Sarah Greenstreet a, , Henry Ngo a,b, Brett Gladman a a Department of Physics & Astronomy, 6224 Agricultural Road, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada b Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, 99 University Avenue, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada article info abstract Article history: Canada’s Near-Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat), set to launch in early 2012, will search for Received 17 August 2011 and track Near-Earth Objects (NEOs), tuning its search to best detect objects with a < 1.0 AU. In order Revised 8 November 2011 to construct an optimal pointing strategy for NEOSSat, we needed more detailed information in the Accepted 9 November 2011 a < 1.0 AU region than the best current model (Bottke, W.F., Morbidelli, A., Jedicke, R., Petit, J.M., Levison, Available online 28 November 2011 H.F., Michel, P., Metcalfe, T.S. [2002]. Icarus 156, 399–433) provides. We present here the NEOSSat-1.0 NEO orbital distribution model with larger statistics that permit finer resolution and less uncertainty, Keywords: especially in the a < 1.0 AU region. We find that Amors = 30.1 ± 0.8%, Apollos = 63.3 ± 0.4%, Atens = Near-Earth Objects 5.0 ± 0.3%, Atiras (0.718 < Q < 0.983 AU) = 1.38 ± 0.04%, and Vatiras (0.307 < Q < 0.718 AU) = 0.22 ± 0.03% Celestial mechanics Impact processes of the steady-state NEO population. -
The Minor Planets
The Minor Planets Swinburne Astronomy Online 3D PDF c SAO 2012 The Minor Planets c Swinburne Astronomy Online 2012 1 Description 1.1 Minor planets Our view of the Solar System has changed dramatically over the past 15 years with the discovery of new classes of small bodies. Mi- nor planets are another name for asteroids, or celestial bodies that orbit the Sun that are not otherwise classed as planets or comets. Generally, minor planets are relatively small rocky bodies, while comets are icy bodies that become active when their orbits carry them close to the Sun. (An \active" comet exhibits a large coma and a long tail.) The minor planets can be classified by their orbital characteristics. In this 3D PDF, we have included 5 classes of minor planets: (1) the Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs), (2) the main belt asteroids, (3) the Trojan asteroids of Jupiter, (4) the Centaurs, and (5) the Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs). The dataset used comes from the Minor Planets Centre. As of 19 November 2012, there were 9,346 NEAs (comprising 732 Atens, 4686 Apollos and 3928 Amors); 581,613 main belt asteroids; 5,407 jovian Trojans; 330 Centaurs; and 1,150 TNOs. (Note than in this 3D PDF, we have only included 11,678 main belt asteroids.) • The Near Earth Asteroids have perihelion distances of less than 1.3 AU, and include the following sub-classes: { Atens have aphelion distances greater than 0.983 AU, and semi-major axes less than 1 AU { Apollos have perihelion distances less than 1.017 AU, and semi-major axes greater than 1 AU { Amors have perihelion distances between 1.017 and 1.3 AU and semi-major axes greater than 1 AU • The main belt asteroids reside between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, with most of the asteroids orbiting between about 2.1 AU and 3.3 AU. -
Cfa in the News ~ Week Ending 3 January 2010
Wolbach Library: CfA in the News ~ Week ending 3 January 2010 1. New social science research from G. Sonnert and co-researchers described, Science Letter, p40, Tuesday, January 5, 2010 2. 2009 in science and medicine, ROGER SCHLUETER, Belleville News Democrat (IL), Sunday, January 3, 2010 3. 'Science, celestial bodies have always inspired humankind', Staff Correspondent, Hindu (India), Tuesday, December 29, 2009 4. Why is Carpenter defending scientists?, The Morning Call, Morning Call (Allentown, PA), FIRST ed, pA25, Sunday, December 27, 2009 5. CORRECTIONS, OPINION BY RYAN FINLEY, ARIZONA DAILY STAR, Arizona Daily Star (AZ), FINAL ed, pA2, Saturday, December 19, 2009 6. We see a 'Super-Earth', TOM BEAL; TOM BEAL, ARIZONA DAILY STAR, Arizona Daily Star, (AZ), FINAL ed, pA1, Thursday, December 17, 2009 Record - 1 DIALOG(R) New social science research from G. Sonnert and co-researchers described, Science Letter, p40, Tuesday, January 5, 2010 TEXT: "In this paper we report on testing the 'rolen model' and 'opportunity-structure' hypotheses about the parents whom scientists mentioned as career influencers. According to the role-model hypothesis, the gender match between scientist and influencer is paramount (for example, women scientists would disproportionately often mention their mothers as career influencers)," scientists writing in the journal Social Studies of Science report (see also ). "According to the opportunity-structure hypothesis, the parent's educational level predicts his/her probability of being mentioned as a career influencer (that ism parents with higher educational levels would be more likely to be named). The examination of a sample of American scientists who had received prestigious postdoctoral fellowships resulted in rejecting the role-model hypothesis and corroborating the opportunity-structure hypothesis. -
A Satellite Chronology of the May–June 2003 Eruption of Anatahan Volcano
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 146 (2005) 102–116 www.elsevier.com/locate/jvolgeores A satellite chronology of the May–June 2003 eruption of Anatahan volcano Robert Wrighta,T, Simon A. Carnb, Luke P. Flynna aHawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA bJoint Center for Earth Systems Technology (NASA/UMBC), University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA Received 21 July 2004; accepted 26 October 2004 Abstract The first recorded eruption of Anatahan began at approximately 17:00 local time on May 10, 2003. Here, we present observations made by a suite of Earth-orbiting satellites of the heat, ash and gas emitted from the volcano before, during and after the eruption. No thermal or sulphur dioxide emissions are apparent in MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder), EP TOMS (Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) satellite images acquired prior to the eruption. However, within 24 h of eruption onset, the University of Hawaii’s near-real-time satellite thermal monitoring system dMODVOLCT detected the eruption and confirmed Anatahan’s eastern caldera as the center of the activity. Although the eruption was initially phreatic, it quickly transitioned into a magmatic phase that culminated in the emplacement of a dacitic lava dome. The onset of the magmatic phase is recorded by MODVOLC as an order of magnitude increase in the heat flux from the volcano after May 16, indicative of fresh lava at the surface, relative to low values (50–90 MW) observed during the initial phreatic phase.