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Snakes and Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) of the Opak River Area, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Snakes and Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) of the Opak River Area, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia Snakes and lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) of the Opak River area, province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia Donan Satria Yudha, Rury Eprilurahman, Rianjani Pratiwi, Iman Akbar Muhtianda, Aisyah Arimbi, and Hastin Ambar Asti Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1744, 020013 (2016); doi: 10.1063/1.4953487 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953487 View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/1744?ver=pdfcov Published by the AIP Publishing Articles you may be interested in Knowledge, behavior and socio-economic status of community in dengue endemic areas with increase and stable trends in Sleman district, Yogyakarta, Indonesia AIP Conf. Proc. 1744, 020059 (2016); 10.1063/1.4953533 Determination of ancient volcanic eruption center based on gravity methods (3D) in Gunungkidul area Yogyakarta, Indonesia AIP Conf. 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Teknika Selatan Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2Herpetological Study Club, Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia a)Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. Reptiles that commonly found in or on riverbanks are turtles, lizards, snakes and crocodiles. Nowadays, turtles and crocodiles are rarely found or seen the river which flows across human settlement especially in Java. The Opak River is one of the biggest rivers that flowing across Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) Province, Indonesia. The Opak River upstream is located on the southern slope of Mount Merapi, and it is estuary is located on the southern beach of DIY (Depok Beach), Bantul Regency. The research aimed to acquire data about the diversity of snakes and lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) along the Opak River in the DIY. The data of squamates diversity were acquired using a combination of several methods, i.e., VES (Visual Encounter Survey), riverbank cruising and transect. Sampling area generally divided into four locations, i.e., upstream, midstream, downstream and estuary. Species diversity of squamates in the Opak River consists of 11 species of lacertilians (lizards) and 16 species of serpents (snakes). The Opak River is a decent habitat for some lizards and snakes. Keywords: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, diversity, lizards, snakes, the Opak River. INTRODUCTION A group of reptiles that are frequently found in, along and around rivers are turtles (order Testudinata), lizards and snakes (order Squamata: suborder Lacertilia and suborder Ophidia/Serpentes) and crocodiles (order Crocodylia). Turtles and crocodiles nowadays are rarely found in rivers that flow through the human settlement area. Both groups of reptiles, especially crocodiles are known to be hardly coexisting with humans. The inabilities of turtles for living in the area near the human settlement because they are slow-moving, tend to be passive and an alternative for human consumption, while crocodiles are wild (predatory opportunists and could attack human as prey) and feared by humans. People who see a crocodile in its region tend to hunt it down and kill it immediately. Opak River is one of the major river crossings in the area of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) Province, Indonesia. The upstream of the Opak River located in the northern part of DIY, more precisely on the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Sleman Regency. The upstream riverbank is surrounded by dense riparian vegetation. The midstream of the Opak River is located in the eastern part of DIY Province. In some spots, midstream is surrounded by human settlement, an area of dense population; many houses built close to the river banks. On the midstream, the river also passes through on the west side of the Prambanan Temple. The downstream of the Opak River located in the southern part of DIY Province. The downstream is surrounded by rice fields with dense riparian vegetation while the estuary located south of DIY near Samas Beach i.e. around Depok, Bantul Regency. The species diversity of reptiles (lizards and snakes/order Squamata) which inhabit in and around the river in the DIY Province is still not well known, and there is no recent published database. We need new information of these Towards the sustainable use of biodiversity in a changing environment: From basic to applied research AIP Conf. Proc. 1744, 020013-1–020013-8; doi: 10.1063/1.4953487 Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1401-3/$30.00 020013-1 Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 202.43.93.104 On: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 06:29:47 reptiles as a starting point of conservation especially reptiles that inhabit around the river in DIY. This research aimed to know the diversity of reptiles that are present along the Opak River, DIY Province. The data is useful to provide more detailed information and can be used as a reference for future research. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens of reptiles (specifically Squamata: lizards and snakes) were collected from its habitats along the Opak River from the upstream, midstream, downstream to the estuary in the DIY Province. Chemicals (alcohol 70 %, 4 % formaldehyde, distilled water and chloroform) were used to preserve the specimens. The research was conducted from June to July in 2013. Research location is along the Opak River from upstream in the northern part of DIY to the estuary in the southern part of DIY. The method used was line transect along 500 m per sampling point (location) with a combination of visual encounter surveys (VES) and river bank cruising. Transect line along 500 m was made on the middle part of the water body. Transect line was also made using the handheld GPS [1–3]. To facilitate the sampling, we divided the river into four parts, i.e.: upstream, midstream, downstream and estuary. Five sampling points (locations) were determined for each part (upstream, midstream and downstream). Meanwhile, the estuary was divided into four sampling points (locations) (Table 1). At each sampling points on the same day, there were two times data retrieval (sampling) which were day and night. Sampling during the day was expected to encounter diurnal reptiles while sampling in the evening is in order to get the nocturnal species. It was done to maximize the number of species found in the area. TABLE 1. Sampling locations for lizards and snakes of the Opak River from upstream, midstream, downstream and estuary Sampling River part Point (SP) Locality Coordinate Code 7o38’41,52” LS SP I Kecamatan*) Cangkringan, Kabupaten**) Sleman 110o27’8,36” BT 7o39’41,51” LS SP II Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman 110o27’16,14” BT 7 o41’20,28” LS Upstream SP III Kecamatan Ngemplak, Kabupaten Sleman 110ͼ27’56,33” BT 7°41'53.06"S SP IV Kecamatan Kalasan, Kabupaten Sleman 110°28'3.82"T 7o44’47,10” LS SP V Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Sleman 110o 29’15,14” BT 7°46'14.53"LS SP I Kecamatan Kalasan, Kabupaten Sleman 110°28'50.45"BT 7o47’17,06” LS SP II Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Sleman 110ͼ28’4,07” BT 7o48’24,17” LS Midstream SP III Kecamatan Berbah, Kabupaten Sleman 110 o 27’32,31” BT 7o50’22,78” LS SP IV Kecamatan Piyungan, Kabupaten Bantul 110ͼ26’59,93” BT 7o51’24,02” LS SP V Kecamatan Banguntapan, Kabupaten Bantul 110 o 25’34,42” BT 7o53’38,11” LS TS I Kecamatan Jetis, Kabupaten Bantul 110o23’14,99” BT 7o54’56,13” LS SP II Kecamatan Jetis, Kabupaten Bantul 110o21’57,79” BT 7o56’1,27” LS Downstream SP III Kecamatan Jetis, Kabupaten Bantul 110o21’57,79” BT 7o57’19,28” LS SP IV Kecamatan Pundong, Kabupaten Bantul 110o21’51,86” BT 7o59’22,98” LS SP V Kecamatan Kretek, Kabupaten Bantul 110o18’47,14” BT Continued on next page 020013-2 Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 202.43.93.104 On: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 06:29:47 Table 1. Continued Sampling River part Point (SP) Locality Coordinate Code SP I Kecamatan Kretek (Pantai Depok), Kabupaten Bantul SP II Kecamatan Kretek (Pantai Depok), Kabupaten Bantul Estuary SP III Kecamatan Kretek, Kabupaten Bantul SP IV Kecamatan Kretek, Kabupaten Bantul Note : * Kecamatan = subdistrict ** Kabupaten = district ***Pantai = beach All specimens of lizards and snakes (squamates, order Squamata) were collected, identified and documented. One individual of each species was taken as a voucher specimen. Specimen was preserved using alcohol 70 % and labeled. Identification was done based on Manthey [4], de Rooij [5–6], van Hoesel [7] as well as Das [8]. RESULT AND DISCUSSION On the upstream area, total numbers of squamates obtained were five species of lizards (member of the suborder Lacertilia) and 11 species of snakes (suborder Serpentes) (Table 2). There were three species of lizards encountered during the day, i.e.: Eutropis multifasciata (common sun skink), Draco sp. (flying lizard) and Varanus salvator (monitor lizard), and one species encountered during the night, i.e.: Gekko gecko (Gecko), while Broncochela jubata (maned forest lizard) was encountered two times during sampling day and night.
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