Flood defense measures in BiH during the May 2014 flood

Nenad Đuki ć B.Sc.Civ.Eng. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management Banja Luka

Flood protection system in the Republic of Srpska

Flood protection system currently consists of: • 420 km embankments • 220 km auxiliary channels • 22 pump stations capacity of 120 m3/s The existing elements of flood protection

Flooded area Area Embankment Channel Number of (Km2) length (km) length (km) Pump stations Knežpolje 11,26 - - - Podrašni čko 29,05 - - - Grad Prijedor 18,11 - - - Gomjenica 205,69 - - - Srba čko – Nožičko 128,68 19,189 13,754 2 ravan Lijev če polje 414,19 52,946 54,80 5 Dubi čka ravan 65,95 45,430 14,570 4 Ivanjsko polje 84,44 24,679 13,530 2 Ukrinska regija 78,54 - - - Srednja 707,59 3,760 63,395 2 496,96 44,393 70,501 4 10,33 - - - Trebinjsko 14,99 - - - polje 151,25 - 12,095 - Ljubinjsko polje 9,09 - - - Gata čko polje 64,72 - - - Nevesinjsko polje 142,19 - - - Ukupno 2.633,03 190,397 242,645 18 The main pumping station in RS River - pump stations Number of Capacity Energy Year of consumpt pumps (m3/sec) ion (kW) built UNA – Kozarska 3 2,55 192 1973 GLAVINAC 2 4 500 1983 ORAHOVA 2 3 240 1958 LIMAN – Gradiška 3 6,6 480 1960 LIMAN – Gradiška 1 2 160 1988 KEJ – Gradiška 2 1 150 1971 DOLINA 3 8,4 690 1954 MATURA 3 8,5 750 1986 BAJINCI 2 5 500 1985 POVELI Ć 2 4 250 1960 INA – Srbac 2 1,5 120 1959 IVANJSKO polje 1 3 5,4 520 1958 IVANJSKO polje 2 2 5 400 1985 TOPOLOVAC 1 – 2 3 250 1958 Crnjelovo TOPOLOVAC 2 – 3 6 600 1983 Topolovac DOMUZ SKELA – 2 2,8 200 1958 Batkovic BEGOV PUT 5 15,7 1132 1984 Ukupno 42 84,45 7134 Analysis of the problems of flood risk management

• The original flood protection system is made by the former Yugoslavia was quite robust and provided a level of protection from 1:100 years for the most of the Sava River Basin rivers and their tributaries. • It basically consists of a series of embankments, channels, pumping stations and retention areas.

• In some areas, protection is provided upstream, for example. hydroelectric power plants on the Drina near Zvornik.

• Since the early 90s system was not properly maintained, which caused deterioration of dykes and drainage systems, reductions in capacity of pumping stations, which led to an increase in the risk of flooding, even in areas that were under protection. • Since 1990 there is a lot of realized infrastructure projects that were not built in accordance with flood protection measures. - CAUSES

May - CONSEQUENCES August EXPERIENCE AND 2014 September LESSONS - PREVENTION AND MEASURES 2010 PUBLIC 2013 PARTICIPATION ANALYSIS AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT RECOVERY Heavy rainfall caused by the formation of a cyclonic circulation in Genoa Bay and its strengthening over the southern Adriatic and the central part of the Balkans in the evening of May 13 to May 17 in the morning caused extreme floods, which have disastrous consequences for the Republic of Serbian and the Federation of and . In addition, exceptionally large floods same circulation system are affected and and the eastern part of Croatian along the Sava River. Floods have May affected river basins of the Drina, Bosnia, Sana, Una and Sava in BiH.

Rainfall (mm)

Ба nja 214 Luka Doboj 177.4

Prijedor 163.8

If we compare the average rainfall in April, with the amount that fell in April 2014 it is clear that in some places fell two and a half times more rain than average. This is expressed especially in Banja Luka, Prijedor and Doboj.

Very deep and spacious height cyclone whose center on May 15, in the morning contained in eastern Serbia in their circulation across the Adriatic hauled the cooler air from the northwest, and from the south of the eastern Mediterranean also much warmer and humid air. In the afternoon it is visible new secondary cyclogenesis in the south of Italy. In three days, dropped a large amount of rainfall, and the country was already saturated with water and could not absorb the new, rain is quickly made floods and drained in rivers that are rapidly growing and "rampant" causing spills its banks and flooding quickly . The photograph shows a wide area with high rainfall, it is only in the south of Herzegovina were less. When comparing the amount of precipitation in May 2014. with average rainfall in May shows that in some places (Bijeljina) of rain fell, and three times more than the average.

The amount of rainfall graphic display for the period 1 to 17 May 2014 and the average values for certain data sets Climatological aspect of precipitation April-May 2014 in the Republic of Srpska According to available data RHMZ it can be said that throughout the Republic of Srpska, with the exception of Eastern Herzegovina, from 1920 did not occur more rain for seven days of May. Bearing in mind that April was in the category of "wet" to "extremely wet" and that since 1925 is not measured by more precipitation in that month, the ground was saturated, so there was unprecedented floods Consequences of casualty.

From the analysis of extremely heavy rainfall, it can be said that these rains duration of 3-8 days, at sites with moderate continental and continental precipitation regime, which includes the larger part of the Republic of Srpska have a return period of 500-1000 years (the probability less than 0.2% ). HYDROLOGIC ASPECT OF FLOODS, MAY 2014 THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

After several days of rainfall in early May, during the period 3-8 May, there was an increase in the water level of rivers that overcome regular and emergency flood protection level at different hydrological stations. After that, the situation has conditional pacified and water levels have declined to normal limits. In the period 13-17 May, come new precipitation across the country, except in the southern regions, which were very intense, especially in the - region, where on some stations fell more than 200 l/m2 of rain. On land that was saturated with water due to the rains that have fallen earlier in May, the new rainfall has rapidly transformed into surface runoff that caused flash flooding of small streams in a very short period. The steep rise of all watercourses in the Republic of Srpska created a flood wave on all the major rivers of Una, Sana, Vrbas, Vrbanja, Bosnia and the Drina River where in less than 24 hours a flood wave raised the water level up until now, unseen borders. The sharp rise in the water level was particularly strong on the Bosna River, on the hydrological station in Doboj, where in less than 24 hours the water level rose by more than 6 meters to the night of 15/16 May and reached its highest ever recorded level of 721 cm, which is 143 cm more than the previous highest recorded water level of 578 cm by cm of 13 May 1965.

A similar situation was also on the Vrbas River, on the hydrological station Delibašino selo, where from 14-16 May, the water level rose by 7 m and to 16 May reached a record value of 837 cm, which is 150 cm higher than it has so far been highest water level on this hydrologic station, which was recorded in September 1996 and was 687 cm.

Overview of hourly values of changes in water level VRBAS, VS Delibašino selo, 14-20. Мај 16.5.2014. 14:00:00; 837 cm cm

Д.Село КРО

КВО МАХ 20.5.2014 1:00 20.5.2014 5:00 20.5.2014 9:00 14.5.2014. 9:00 15.5.2014. 1:00 15.5.2014. 5:00 15.5.2014. 9:00 16.5.2014. 1:00 16.5.2014. 5:00 16.5.2014. 9:00 17.5.2014. 1:00 17.5.2014. 5:00 17.5.2014. 9:00 18.5.2014. 1:00 18.5.2014. 5:00 18.5.2014. 9:00 19.5.2014. 1:00 19.5.2014. 5:00 19.5.2014. 9:00 14.5.2014. 13:00 14.5.2014. 17:00 14.5.2014. 21:00 15.5.2014. 13:00 15.5.2014. 17:00 15.5.2014. 21:00 16.5.2014. 13:00 16.5.2014. 17:00 16.5.2014. 21:00 17.5.2014. 13:00 17.5.2014. 17:00 17.5.2014. 21:00 18.5.2014. 13:00 18.5.2014. 17:00 18.5.2014. 21:00 19.5.2014. 13:00 19.5.2014. 17:00 19.5.2014. 21:00 Overview of hourly values of changes in water level

800 15.5.2014. 22:00:00; BOSNA, VS Doboj 14-20.Мај 721cm 700

600

500

400 cm

300

Добој КРО 200 КВО МАХ 100

0 20.5.2014 5:00 14.5.2014. 9:00 15.5.2014. 5:00 16.5.2014. 1:00 16.5.2014. 6:00 17.5.2014. 2:00 17.5.2014. 7:00 18.5.2014. 3:00 18.5.2014. 8:00 19.5.2014. 4:00 19.5.2014. 9:00 20.5.2014 10:00 14.5.2014. 14:00 14.5.2014. 19:00 14.5.2014. 24:00 15.5.2014. 10:00 15.5.2014. 15:00 15.5.2014. 20:00 16.5.2014. 11:00 16.5.2014. 16:00 16.5.2014. 21:00 17.5.2014. 12:00 17.5.2014. 17:00 17.5.2014. 22:00 18.5.2014. 13:00 18.5.2014. 18:00 18.5.2014. 23:00 19.5.2014. 14:00 19.5.2014. 19:00 19.5.2014. 24:00 Water levels and flows of rivers Sana, Vrbanja, Vrbas and Bosnia have overcome their historical highs.

2010

2014

• Hydrograph of flood waves and catastrophic floods which have occurred, particularly in Doboj, Banja Luka, Samac, Bijeljina and Čelinac showed us that it is necessary to establish a system of monitoring water levels on the entire territory of the RS, allowing reading of water levels in real time and establishing a system of alarms on automatic hydrological stations.

• High waters significantly modify the morphology of the river bed. In this regard, the current flow curve, or functional dependencies water level/flow, should be checked and corrected, especially in the area of low water. This imposes the task for hydrometric measurements in all hydrological stations and characteristic profile because it is the only way possible to obtain information about the balance of water in the watercourses of the Republic of Srpska.

• HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC ANALYZES AND FORECASTING MODELS

• COMMUNICATION AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS

• DEFINE LEVELS AND FIELDS OF COMPETENCE / WATER MANAGEMENT - SPATIAL PLANNING DOCUMENTS - PROHIBITION OF CONSTRUCTION IN THE INUNDATION AREA - ANTI-EROSION MEASURES IN BASIN - FOREST MANAGEMENT - INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGE

RECOVERY Measures for flood risk management

The list of possible interventions (short, medium and long term)

Mapping of flood risk Revitalization of embankment Revitalization of channels Rehabilitation of pumping stations Maintenance of riverbeds Flood forecasting and early warning system Rapid response to flood situations Schemes of flood protection Management of the upper parts of the basin Reconstruction of the road network Revitalization of landslides Thank you for attention!