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Population Biology of Callichirus Major (Say, 1818)

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Population Biology of Callichirus Major (Say, 1818) Revista da Gestão Costeira Integrada 14(1):109-118 (2014) Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management 14(1):109-118 (2014) http://www.aprh.pt/rgci/pdf/rgci-435_Alves-Junior.pdf | DOI:10.5894/rgci435 Population biology of Callichirus major (Say, 1818) (Crustacea: Callianassidae) at Piedade Beach, Brazil * Biologia populacional de Callichirus major (Say, 1818) (Crustacea: Callianassidae) na Praia de Piedade, Brasil Flavio de Almeida Alves-Júnior 1, Marina de Sá Leitão Câmara de Araújo 2, Petrônio Alves Coelho † RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a ecologia populacional de Callichirus major (Say, 1818) na praia de Piedade, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, através da análise de parâmetros como proporção sexual, período reprodutivo e o recrutamento de juvenis nesta população. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente entre dezembro de 2010 e novembro de 2011. A temperatura do ar e das tocas, além da salinidade da água do mar foram medidas in situ. O teste t de Student foi aplicado para comparar os valores dos fatores abióticos entre as estações seca e chuvosa. A proporção sexual foi analisada para cada mês e durante todo o período estudado, e o teste do qui- quadrado foi aplicado para verificar se desvia significativamente da proporção esperada. O período reprodutivo foi determinado com base na frequência de fêmeas ovígeras. O recrutamento foi obtido com base na frequência de indivíduos imaturos. A influência de fatores abióticos na população foi avaliada através do coeficiente de Pearson. A temperatura do ar e das tocas variou significativamente entre os períodos seco e chuvoso, com valores mais elevados no período seco. Um total de 389 indivíduos C. major foram amostrados (174 ♂ e 215 ♀). A razão sexual foi de 1:1,24 (♂:♀), as fêmeas foram mais abundantes que os machos. No presente estudo, foi observado que o pico da fase reprodutiva e frequência de fêmeas ovígeras de C. major ocorreu na estação seca (verão equatorial). O recrutamento de jovens na população ocorreu durante todo o ano, especialmente entre o verão e o outono. De acordo com a matriz de correlação, o fator abiótico mais influente na abundância de C. major, especialmente em fêmeas ovígeras, é a temperatura das tocas. Este estudo cria uma linha de base para futuras pesquisas com C. major no Nordeste do Brasil. Palavras-chave: Axiidea, camarão fantasma, ecologia de praias arenosas, período reprodutivo. ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to study the population ecology of Callichirus major (Say, 1818) at Piedade Beach, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, through the analysis of parameters such as sex ratio, reproductive period and recruitment of juveniles into this population. Sampling was taken monthly from December 2010 to November 2011. The burrow and air temperatures, as well as the sea water salinity, were measured in situ. A Student t test was applied to compare the value of abiotic factors between the dry and rainy seasons. The sex ratio was analyzed for each month and for the total studied period, and a Chi-square test was applied to verify if it deviated significantly from the expected proportion. The 1 - Laboratório de Carcinologia, Museu de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife – PE. E-mail: [email protected] (FAAJ). 2 - Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências, Educação e Tecnologia de Garanhuns, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE). Rua Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 105, São José, Garanhuns - PE. E-mail: [email protected] (MSLCA) * Submission: 20 August 2013; Evaluation: 26 September 2013; Reception of revised manuscript: 20 August 2013; Accepted: 13 October 2013 Available on-line: 14 January 2014 Alves-Júnior, Araújo & Coelho Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada / Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management 14(1):109-118 (2014) reproductive period was determined based on the frequency of ovigerous females. The recruitment was obtained based on the frequency of non- mature individuals. The influence of the abiotic factors was evaluated through a Pearson’s coefficient. The air and burrow temperatures varied significantly between the dry and rainy periods, with the highest values in the dry period. A total of 389 individuals of C. major (174 ♂ and 215 ♀) were sampled. The sex ratio was 1:1.24 (♂:♀), with females being more abundant than males. In this study, the most active reproductive period of C. major and frequency of ovigerous females was observed in the dry period (equatorial summer). Recruitment of juveniles into the population occurred throughout the year, between the summer and the autumn. According to the correlation matrix, the main abiotic factor influencing the abundance of C. major, especially of ovigerous females, was the burrow temperature. This study creates a baseline for further research with C. major in Northeastern Brazil. Keywords: Axiidea, ecology of sand beaches, ghost shrimp, reproductive period. 1. INTRODUCTION the removal of these burrowing organisms may interfere with the local environment, causing impacts in the target species Macrocrustaceans are important components of or in the organisms of the local meiofauna, because the coastal ecosystem communities, with an important role removal revolves the structure of the sediment, causing the in artisanal, commercial and recreational fisheries. Besides death of these individuals (Wynberg & Branch, 1991). The their importance for human consumption, they represent an overexploitation of the target species may cause alterations in important food resource for many carnivores, both in the the density of the animal or even its disappearance (Borzone larval or adult phases (Teixeira & Sá, 1998).Studies on these & Souza, 1996; Rodrigues & Shimizu, 1997). marine and estuarine animals are fundamental to understand their ecology and to raise data for maintenance of natural In Brazil, the reproductive patterns of the callianassids populations, through conservation mechanisms (Araújo et are poorly documented, despite of the importance of this C. major al., 2011), and focuses the following aspects: abundance, group in coastal benthic communities. Studies on sex ratio, reproductive period and recruitment of juveniles have been mainly from the Southern and Southeastern (Noro & Buckup, 2008; Araújo et al., 2012). As examples, Brazilian coasts (Borzone & Souza, 1996; Shimizu, 1997; et al., Araújo & Calado (2008) studied the population biology of Rodrigues & Shimizu, 1997; Souza 1998; Souza & Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), and Bezerra et al. (2010), Borzone, 2003), areas with distinct climatic conditions who described the spatial distribution of Uca maracoani when compared to the North and Northeast Brazilian coasts, (Latreille, 1802-1803). which results in different inter and intraspecific relations Reproduction is one of the most important phenomena in (Rodrigues, 1985). In the Northeast of Brazil, studies on this et al. the life of a given species (Cobo & Fransozo, 2000). Besides species were accomplished by Araújo (2000), at Sobral the hormonal control, in many crustaceans, reproductive Beach, Alagoas State, and by Botter-Carvalho (2001) and et al. processes are related to environmental conditions (Laufer Botter-Carvalho (2007), at Piedade Beach, Pernambuco & Landau, 1991; Quackenbush, 1994; Fingerman, 1995). State. Since these studies, there have been no others from the After spawning, the larvae usually undergo a series of molts coastal Pernambuco segment. Thus, studies on reproduction, in the open sea and then return to the coast to settle. The recruitment and sex ratio of these animals are still scarce. recruitment of marine benthos is defined as the number The aim of this paper was to analyze some aspects of the of new individuals that settle and survive in the substrate life cycle of C. major, including the abundance, sex ratio, (Keough & Downes, 1982; Caley et al., 1996). In the case of reproductive period and recruitment at Piedade Beach, species with planktonic larvae, it implies the transformation Pernambuco, and to compare the results with the available of its habit to a benthic form and survival until the time of literature. settlement (Done, 1982). 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Burrowing crustaceans of the Infraorder Axiidea have as their main ecological feature the construction of deep 2.1. Study area galleries in the sandy substrate of shallow waters (Griffis & The municipality of Jaboatão dos Guararapes is located Chavez, 1988). Their presence is detected by small apertures at the South of Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil (Fig. 1). It frequently surrounded by fecal pellets (Weimer & Hoyt, has a megathermal climate with rainfall concentrated from et al 1964; Frankenberg ., 1967; Rodrigues & Shimizu, 1997). March to August and a well-defined dry period (September Callichirus major Among species of the family Callianassidae, to February), characterizing the As’ climate (Hot Humid (Say, 1818),popularly known as ghost shrimps and ‘corrupto’ Tropical) (Köeppen, 1948; Cavalcanti & Kempf, 1967/69). in Portuguese, stands out. Their distribution includes the Piedade beach is located at 8° 09’ 40.80” S and 34° 54’ littoral of the Western Atlantic, from North Carolina State, 08.98” W, and is considered to have intermediate dynamics, United States of America, to Santa Catarina State, Brazil with the presence of beachrocks in the intertidal zone. (Coelho & Ramos-Porto, 1986; Manning & Felder, 1986; Coelho, 1997; Melo, 1999). Studies with species of Callianassids are extremely important due to their
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