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Sherilyn Olsen. Christian Spinning , volume 36, issue 2, pages , Summer Christmas Carol , volume 39, issue 3, pages , Fall Dawn Baker Brimley. Christmas Conflict , volume 37, issue 2, pages , Summer Christmas in Utah , volume 19, issue 4, pages 85, Winter Leslie Norris. Christmas Morning , volume 22, issue 4, pages , Winter Aldyth Morris. Christmas Sonnets from Other Years , volume 19, issue 4, pages , Winter Helen Candland Stark. Christus , volume 50, issue 1, pages , Spring Laura Hilton Craner. Edgar Lyon. Churchgoers , volume 38, issue 4, pages , Winter Shelley Grose. Circles and Lines , volume 52, issue 1, pages 88, Spring Dalene Rowley. City of Brotherly Love , volume 41, issue 1, pages , Spring City of Saints , volume 51, issue 2, pages , Summer Donna Bernhisel. Cliff Dwellings , volume 22, issue 3, pages 90, Fall Close to the Bone , volume 9, issue 4, pages , Winter Colors in Idaho , volume 9, issue 1, pages 79, Spring Come to Zion , volume 51, issue 1, pages , Spring Annette Haws. Commentary , volume 26, issue 4, pages xv-xvi, Winter Commerce , volume 23, issue 2, pages , Summer Commonplace Nightmares , volume 33, issue 4, pages 96, Winter Companionship , volume 32, issue 1, pages , Spring Compass , volume 40, issue 1, pages , Spring Coney Island Hymn , volume 25, issue 2, pages 40, Summer Glen Nelson. Confession , volume 38, issue 2, pages , Summer Mark Sheffield Brown. Confessions of a Suburban Househusband , volume 12, issue 1, pages , Spring. Mervyn Dykes. Confessions of a Utah Gambler , volume 24, pages , Summer. Russell Burrows. Contingency 4 , volume 43, issue 2, pages , Summer. James Best. Contralto , volume 36, issue 3, pages 70, Fall Convictus or The Navigator's Confession , volume 2, issue 3, pages , Fall Cordoba , volume 30, issue 1, pages , Spring Sam Cannon. Corn Grows in Rows , volume 5, issue 2, pages , Summer Cornerstone , volume 7, issue 2, pages , Summer Counseling the Brethren , volume 9, issue 2, pages , Summer Counting the Cost , volume 24, pages , Fall. Courting , volume 31, issue 4, pages ix-xiii, Winter Peter Richardson. Coyote Laughter , volume 36, issue 4, pages , Winter Joe Staples. Creations , volume 31, issue 1, pages 14, Spring Casualene Meyer. Creek Skating , volume 52, issue 3, pages , Fall Critical Condition , volume 35, issue 1, pages ix, Spring Crow Games , volume 47, issue 1, pages 98, Spring Kim Simpson. Crucifixion in Judea , volume 3, issue 1, pages , Spring. Michael Gray. Daddy Hung Me Out , volume 23, issue 3, pages , Fall Alan Rex Mitchell. Danger on the Right! Danger on the Left! Dark Energy , volume 44, issue 4, pages , Winter Dark Watch , volume 46, issue 3, pages , Fall William Morris. Dave Elegy , volume 5, issue 2, pages , Summer James Miller. Michael Hicks. David and Bathsheba , volume 18, issue 1, pages , Spring Daltridge , volume 31, issue 1, pages , Spring Day Dreams , volume 26, issue 3, pages , Fall Day Music , volume 32, issue 2, pages 69, Summer Dear Brethren , volume 36, issue 3, pages , Fall Dear Diary. Decapitating the Mormons , volume 5, issue 2, pages , Summer Decoration Day , volume 26, issue 2, pages xii, Summer Jillyn Carpenter. Defending Jose , volume 31, issue 3, pages , Fall Dan Bischoff Baxter. Delineation , volume 36, issue 2, pages 86, Summer Descending Order , volume 28, issue 4, pages 65, Winter Desert Bloom , volume 30, issue 2, pages , Summer Devotion , volume 52, issue 1, pages 91, Spring Terresa Wellborn. Devotion to Sam , volume 6, issue 2, pages 98, Summer. Blanche Berry. Gary P. Diaries , volume 18, issue 1, pages , Spring Joyce Ellen Davis. Digging the Foundation , volume 9, issue 4, pages , Winter Dinner at Sylvia's , volume 25, pages , Winter. Erika Munson. Discouragement , volume 20, issue 1, pages 25, Spring Frederick G. Discovering a Mormon Writer , volume 5, issue 2, pages , Summer Dishes , volume 44, issue 3, pages , Fall Anna Kohler Lewis. Disorder and Early Joy , volume 9, issue 3, pages , Autumn Disrobed , volume 36, issue 1, pages 88, Spring Sondra Sumsion Soderborg. Dissertations and Theses Relating to Mormons and Mormonism , volume 12, issue 2, pages , Summer. Linda Thatcher. Disvertissement , volume 47, issue 2, pages , Summer Richard Hart. Laura Hamblin. Does the Camera Lie? Sharon Lee Swenson. Doing Huebener , volume 21, issue 4, pages , Winter Margaret Blair Young. Domestiku , volume 50, issue 3, pages , Fall Domlik , volume 41, issue 2, pages , Summer Samuel Brown. Double Exposure , volume 26, issue 2, pages , Summer Dragging Fanny , volume 32, issue 1, pages , Spring Drama Queen , volume 31, issue 4, pages , Winter Brent Pace. Drawing on Personal Myths , volume 20, issue 3, pages , Fall Dream Psalm , volume 51, issue 4, pages , Winter William DeFord. Drinking, and Flirting with the Mormon Church , volume 25, pages , Winter. Marian Nelsen. Driven , volume 36, issue 2, pages , Summer Nathan Chai. Drought , volume 40, issue 3, pages , Fall Larry T. Drum Major , volume 48, issue 4, pages , Winter Dry Tree , volume 52, issue 4, pages , Winter During Recess , volume 22, issue 1, pages 69, Spring Dust to Dust , volume 27, issue 4, pages , Winter Duties of a Deacon , volume 50, issue 3, pages , Fall Early Mormon Intellectuals, Parley P. Pratt and Orson Pratt, a Response , volume 15, issue 3, pages , Autumn Robert Paul. Early Through Winter , volume 22, issue 4, pages , Winter Early Winter , volume 27, issue 3, pages , Fall Easter , volume 46, issue 2, pages , Summer Easter Sermons , volume 44, issue 2, pages , Summer Harlow Clark. Easter Service , volume 28, issue 3, pages , Fall Steve Peterson. Easter Weekend , volume 21, issue 1, pages , Spring Ecclesiastical Check , volume 25, issue 3, pages , Fall Richard Wiman. Ecclesiastical Implications of Grace , volume 25, issue 1, pages , Spring Erin R. Echo of boy , volume 50, issue 2, pages , Summer Darlene Young. Eighteen Thousand Sundowns , volume 38, issue 1, pages , Spring El Cordero de Dios , volume 38, issue 2, pages , Summer Elijah's Calling , volume 32, issue 3, pages , Fall Elizabeth the Fijian , volume 10, issue 4, pages , Fall Estaleah Harmsen Baker. Elizabeth, and Dying Wishes , volume 29, issue 4, pages , Winter Daniel A. Embroideries , volume 16, issue 3, pages , Fall Emma's Anguish , volume 33, issue 1, pages , Spring Emptying Pockets , volume 46, issue 2, pages , Summer Encounter , volume 5, issue 3, pages , Autumn Douglas D. Encounter , volume 35, issue 1, pages 42, Spring Enduring , volume 16, issue 4, pages , Winter Kristopher Passey. Entertaining Angels Unaware , volume 41, issue 1, pages , Spring Laura McCune-Poplin. Entire unto Himself , volume 25, issue 4, pages 56—57, Winter Epiphany , volume 28, issue 3, pages , Fall Tory C. Epithalamion , volume 11, issue 3, pages , Fall Epithalamium , volume 41, issue 2, pages , Summer Krista H. Essay for June 9, , volume 32, issue 1, pages , Spring Randy Astle. Eternal Misfit , volume 43, issue 3, pages , Fall Roger Terry. Lester E. Eve's Offering , volume 37, issue 4, pages , Winter Jenifer Lee. Eve's Psalm , volume 35, issue 2, pages 88, Summer Anne Elizabeth Berbert. Even Manna , volume 48, issue 2, pages , Summer Evenings , volume 19, issue 1, pages 98, Winter Evenings in October , volume 47, issue 1, pages , Spring Everlasting , volume 39, issue 1, pages , Spring Everything That Glitters , volume 11, issue 2, pages , Summer. Cedric I. Excavating Myself , volume 11, issue 2, pages , Summer Herbert Harker. Exercising the Priesthood , volume 26, issue 1, pages xii, Spring Expatriate , volume 17, issue 3, pages , Fall Exploring the Mormon Past , volume 11, issue 2, pages , Summer. Donald R. Fact of my life , volume 31, issue 4, pages , Winter Failed Friendship , volume 21, issue 4, pages , Winter Victoria Grover-Swank. Natalie Shaw Evjen. Faith and Power of an Unbroken Woman , volume 53, issue 1, pages , Spring Joy Sitawa Richards. Faith Healing , volume 38, issue 4, pages , Winter Faith, Hope, and Charity , volume 27, issue 2, pages , Summer Mary Clyde. Faithful Fiction , volume 18, issue 4, pages , Winter Faithful History , volume 4, pages , Winter Faithful History , volume 18, issue 3, pages , Fall William D. Melvin T. Fall Is the Wrong Analogy , volume 30, issue 3, pages , Fall Fall Weekend at Rehoboth Beach , volume 28, issue 4, pages 25, Winter Family Presentation , volume 13, issue 2, pages , Summer Dian Saderup Monson. Family Scriptures , volume 20, issue 2, pages , Summer Family Tree , volume 38, issue 4, pages , Winter Famine and Scarcity , volume 47, issue 4, pages , Winter Fashion Show , volume 31, issue 3, pages , Fall Fast and Loose Freemasonry , volume 18, issue 3, pages , Fall. Kent Logan Walgren. Fast Offering , volume 48, issue 2, pages , Summer Fate and the Persecutors of Joseph Smith , volume 11, issue 4, pages , Winter. Richard C. Cathy Gileadi Wilson. Fathering , volume 18, issue 1, pages 7, Spring Fatherless Child , volume 24, pages , Winter. Angela B. Fatherly Advice , volume 9, issue 4, pages , Winter. William Mulder. Fawn McKay Brodie , volume 14, issue 2, pages , Summer Fawn M. Brodie , Shirley E. Feeding the Fox , volume 16, issue 4, pages , Winter Feisty Lee: Still Enigmatic , volume 16, issue 2, pages , Summer. Keith Melville. Feliz Navidad , volume 20, issue 4, pages , Winter Fern Hill Revisited , volume 45, issue 4, pages 97, Winter Fertility , volume 32, issue 3, pages 44, Fall Fidelity to Objects , volume 41, issue 2, pages , Summer Field Walking , volume 45, issue 2, pages , Summer Finding Place , volume 45, issue 2, pages , Summer Fire in the Water , volume 30, issue 2, pages , Summer First Indian Convert's Testimony , volume 13, issue 1, pages , Spring. Paul Thiruthuvadoss. Fish Stories , volume 43, issue 4, pages , Winter Fishers , volume 17, issue 2, pages , Summer Fishing for Emma , volume 12, issue 1, pages , Spring Linda King Newell. Flannel Board , volume 44, issue 1, pages , Spring Brent Corcoran. Flight , volume 37, issue 1, pages , Spring Victoria Ramirez. Flying Out , volume 42, issue 1, pages , Spring Follow Me, Boys , volume 40, issue 2, pages , Summer For Bonnie , volume 21, issue 3, pages 11, Fall Randal Allred. For Brother de Mik , volume 20, issue 2, pages , Summer For Catherine , volume 5, issue 2, pages 96, Summer For Linda , volume 14, issue 4, pages , Winter For Margene , volume 46, issue 3, pages , Fall For My Father, , volume 26, issue 3, pages , Fall Marni Asplund Campbell. For No Dreams , volume 7, issue 3, pages 79, Fall For Our Consummate Passover , volume 3, issue 1, pages , Spring Sylvia Ruth. For the Bishop's Wife , volume 19, issue 2, pages , Summer Kathy Evans. Forgotten Birds , volume 51, issue 1, pages , Spring Form and Integrity , volume 25, issue 2, pages , Summer Four Passes on Mount Horeb , volume 44, issue 4, pages , Winter Les Blake. Sara Lake. Fractals , volume 46, issue 1, pages , Spring Calvin Olsen. William A. Friday Morning Shift , volume 52, issue 1, pages 84, Spring Linda Hoffman Kimball. From Three Jacks , a novel , volume 36, issue 2, pages , Summer Darrell Spencer. From Apostle to Apostate , volume 16, issue 1, pages , Spring. Loretta L. From Great Heights , volume 41, issue 4, pages , Winter Ryan Shoemaker. From Mold Toward Bold? Dianne Dibb Forbis. From Outside the Settlement , volume 43, issue 2, pages , Summer. Darren M. Michael Quinn. From the Land of Nod , volume 30, issue 4, pages 26, Winter From the Laurel , volume 20, issue 1, pages , Spring From Under Ground , volume 32, issue 4, pages , Winter Lisa Garfield. From Utah Poems , volume 4, issue 3, pages , Autumn. Stan Andersen. Tyler Chadwick. Fruitless Wait , volume 11, issue 4, pages , Winter Jill Mulvay Derr. Frustration and Fulfillment , volume 16, issue 4, pages , Winter Full Circle , volume 16, issue 1, pages 89, Spring Brooke Elizabeth Smith. Gaining Darkness , volume 29, issue 2, pages 88, Summer Garden Tomb , volume 38, issue 3, pages , Fall Spencer Ellsworth. Gardener's Song , volume 36, issue 1, pages , Spring Max Michael Freeman. Gene, My Eternal Brother , volume 37, issue 1, pages 47, Spring Generalized Hatred , volume 12, issue 1, pages , Spring. Elinore Hughes Partridge. Gentle Dad , volume 42, issue 4, pages , Winter Gentle Persuasions , volume 42, issue 3, pages , Fall James Goldberg. Ghost Truck , volume 7, issue 3, pages , Fall Gifts of the Spirit , volume 26, issue 3, pages , Fall Sandra Skouson. Glaucus , volume 41, issue 3, pages , Fall Patricia Gunter Karamesines. Glimmers and Glitches in Zion , volume 25, pages , Summer. Brian J. God Of Our Fathers , volume 19, issue 3, pages , Fall Alan Meyer. God With Us , volume 26, issue 2, pages , Summer God's Plenty , volume 11, issue 1, pages , Spring God, Man, and Art , volume 2, issue 4, pages , Winter Dale Fletcher. Going Dark , volume 27, issue 2, pages , Summer Going Home , volume 23, issue 4, pages , Winter Going to Conference , volume 7, issue 2, Good Government in the City , volume 45, issue 1, pages 92, Spring Elizabeth Willes. Goodbye to Poplarhaven , volume 8, issue 2, pages , Summer Gospel by the Month , volume 11, issue 1, pages , Spring. David Briscoe. Annette Weed. James S. Graduation , volume 40, issue 1, pages , Spring The most unfortunate thing however, is that politicians have been playing politics with the issue. If communities that share the same culture, language and religion could not stay together, the extent of the disintegrative potentials of the polity can be understood. The aforementioned are just a few cases out of the numerous instances of ethnic conflicts in Nigeria. Afler the transition from the long years of military rule to civil rule in May, , by 27 th October that year, Zamfara State government elevated the Sharia to the status of the English common law that has formed the bedrock of Nigerian judicature. With the adoption and application of Sharia law coupled with the promise of its extension to other northern states, the whole country was polarized into two opposing camps of Moslems in support and Christians in opposition camp. This sparked off an orgy of violence unprecedented in the history of that state. At the end of the day, well over lives and properties worth about N1 billion naira had been destroyed. We now take some of the strategies for appraisal one after the other. The assumption of the policy was that if the emergent elites are forced to interact with the environment outside their natural milieu, they are likely to have better understanding of Nigerian state and the ethnic mix. The purpose of the scheme according to the Decree is primarily to imbue Nigerian youths with the spirit of selfless service to the community and to emphasise the spirit of oneness and brotherhood of all Nigerians irrespective of cultural or social back-ground. The history of Nigeria since independence and before has clearly indicated the need for unity amongst all segments of the country, and demonstrates the fact that no cultural or geographical entity exist in isolation. The objectives of the scheme which conscripts all young graduates for a year mandatory national service are indeed laudable and gallant. But the implementation of the policy had succeeded in truncating its achievements. Two salient problems of the scheme are first, favouritism in posting, in which corps members do serve within their localities thereby defeating the essence of the programme. Secondly, the scheme has become a bastion of corruption. The greatest hindrance to the success of the policy is the problematic nature of citizenship in Nigeria. In , the Political Bureau commended the principle and recommended that it should be continued in the politics and governance of the country. It is against that background that the principle was entrenched in the Constitution too. It however, cautioned that its practice should however be carried out without prejudice to the criteria of merit, excellence and achievement. In operation and actual practice, a number of pitfalls have been identified too with this policy. It potentially invades the integrity and standards of public bureaucracy and such other government bodies that normally require safeguards from the ravages of party politics. Another problem is that the policy has been used to achieve unintended purposes of ethnic cleansing sort-of, when people from some sections of the country are sacked, purged or removed all in the name of federal character. First, it is a policy that should have been designed for the beneflt of the under-privileged. But it was designed for the benefit of the ruling class, thus, resulting in the further disempowerment of the powerless. The consequence is that it removed the checks and balances in the informal arrangement that existed before. Since the emphasis was on nonascriptive considerations, it resulted in a geometric diffusion of mediocrity, public service ineptitude, and manifest decline in public morale. Of course, it has also made the further distortion of the federal arrangement possible. That is the paradox of federal character principle in Nigeria. In a plural society like Nigeria, political parties may have well strong ideological class which may impose inter-ethnic relationships since without such ideological class, the tendency is for the parties to see themselves as forces competing in a multi-ethnic civil- society. There is also the tendency for the parties to interpret competition in terms of ethnic entities, in which case, political parties may have institutional ethnic solidarities. In , the colonial administration had frustrated the first generation of professionals and intelligentsia sufficiently for them to cope with their predicament. It was the first party that aspired covering the whole country. It was a mass party with membership opened to everybody. This party was an offshoot of Egbe Omo Oduduwa lit. Association of the Children of Oduduwa, the mythical ancestor of the Yoruba speaking peoples. The third and perhaps the most influential party of the first republic was the Northern Peoples Congress NPC , which could be said to have been formed in and somewhat like the AQ was an offshoot of a cultural association, the Jamiyyar Mutanen Arewa JMA , lit. Aside from these three dominant parties, there were a number of small ones. But the dominant parties were far from being agents of national integration. Saburi Biobaku recalled that cut-throat competition for political power by the big three thus:. The dominant parties in the North and South-East formed the government with that in the South-West in the opposition. In some of the countries of the West, party identification has more or less played down the significance of cleavages such as ethnicity, religion and language. Being Conservative or Labour in the United Kingdom, Democrat or Republican in the United States can sometimes be more important than the natural ideologies which an individual in those two western nations may have inherited through the accident of birth. It was the same founder, the same centre of power, almost identical ideology and organizational structure. But it was dominated by the Northern aristocracy and the Southern bourgeoisie. Party formation in the aborted third republic was nothing to write home about too, for the military decreed them into existence and administered like government parastatals. Same blunder was repeated during Gen. Sani Abacha transition programme down to Gen. Abdulsalam Abubakar that handed over to President Obasanjo in From when the country went all hog to embrace federalism, the hope of national integration has become a mirage for quite a number of reasons which perhaps bothers on the mismanagement of the system. Unlike India where there is no duality of citizenship in which case there is only one Indian citizenship, Indian federalism is like that of Canada too, where the concept of state of origin does not really matters. It is also for these reasons among others that ethnic minorities who tend not to be reckoned with are restless too. Thus, managers of the system have been trying too to prevent the polity from crumbling. But considering all the conflict management strategies put in place by various civilian and military regimes, both prior and after independence, there is the under-lining conceptualization which informs them all. This conceptualization derives from the employment of Western bourgeois theory of social stability and elite stability. Two outstanding contributors to this perspective are worthy of mentioning. They are Martin D. G and Morrison Stevenson. In this wise, the stability of any plural society is a function of the state of development of the middle class. If the stratum called the middle class is well developed and fairly thick in terms of population and in terms of strength the more cohesive, the more stable the polity is. Also, if there is cordiality of ideas, or put differently, if there is ideological consciousness among the middle class, this is likely to engender stability that will affect the political system positively. They argued further that instability within any polity is elite instability or communal instability. Elite instability for them occurs when the competition among the elite is too keen on resources that are too few. Communal instability however, is grassroots one and it is usually caused by elite instability, carried to the grassroots level. Whereas, the masses of the people needs to be targeted for conflict resolution if lasting peace will be attained. The greatest recommendation of this paper therefore is that the grassroots must be mobilized by appropriate strategies to orientate the masses of the people on the need for communal stability in the interest of development, peace and tranquility. This can be done by educating the masses of the people on the need to live in peace and tranquility with their neighbours without which development becomes a mirage. The three best renewable energy stocks — all clean energy stocks — are swiftly taking on an ever-increasing slice of the energy pie. As technologies improve — and costs come down through scale — clean, green energy will become more and more economically viable. That means green energy stocks are in for a pump. The first graph tells us that petroleum has diminished, and coal dramatically so. Meanwhile, nuclear has remained a more constant source, while renewables and natural gas have clearly gained. The next graph shows us that, since the early s, wind and solar have both surged as U. As you can see, coal has gone almost completely out the window, with a small sliver of natural gas being added to U. In an effort to meet renewable energy goals, large corporate electricity consumers seek low-cost renewable energy while hedging costs by implementing long-term power purchase agreements. 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Veneta L. A Vibrant Vertical Town , volume 11, issue 2, pages , Summer. LouAnn Stoker Dickson. A Vision of Judas , volume 25, issue 1, pages 48, Spring A Vision of Words , volume 11, issue 3, pages , Autumn. A Visit for Tregan , volume 42, issue 3, pages , Fall Jack Harrell. A Walk through Blenheim , volume 47, issue 2, pages , Summer Karen Kelsay. A Wider Sisterhood , volume 11, issue 1, pages , Spring Claudia L. A Writer Reborn , volume 21, issue 3, pages , Fall Lambert: Teacher, Scholar, and Friend , volume 17, issue 1, pages , Spring. Roald F. Abandoned Farmyard, November , volume 22, issue 3, pages 91, Fall Anita Tanner. About Half , volume 46, issue 3, pages , Fall Shawn P. Above the Estuary , volume 32, issue 1, pages , Spring Abracadabra , volume 43, issue 4, pages , Winter Absent Sound , volume 48, issue 1, pages , Spring Clifton Holt Jolley. Accidental Mystic , volume 44, issue 1, pages , Spring Accolades For Good Wives , volume 16, issue 4, pages , Winter Gene A. Accusation , volume 40, issue 3, pages , Fall Angela Hallstrom. Acute Distress, Intensive Care , volume 47, issue 1, pages , Spring Karen Rosenbaum. Adam Had an Eden , volume 48, issue 3, pages , Fall Adlai Stevenson Died in Palermo , volume 5, issue 2, pages , Summer Yvonne Romney Dixon. Advent: Moose in Moonlight , volume 52, issue 3, pages , Fall Afield , volume 37, issue 4, pages , Winter After a Late Night, Waiting , volume 30, issue 4, pages , Winter After Her Stroke , volume 45, issue 2, pages , Summer Shannon Castleton. After My Brother's Remission , volume 40, issue 3, pages , Fall Dayna Patterson. After the Wind , volume 48, issue 2, pages , Summer Erika Anderson. Afterthought , volume 25, issue 3, pages , Fall Marlene Harris Austin. Afterward , volume 32, issue 1, pages , Spring Agency of All That Matters , volume 51, issue 2, pages , Summer Robert J. Ajalon Moon , volume 50, issue 1, pages , Spring Sarah E. Aladdin's Lamp, March 4, , volume 47, issue 1, pages , Spring Emma Lou Thayne. Alaska Girlhood , volume 29, issue 4, pages 16, Winter Alder and Maple in Molting , volume 31, issue 1, pages 46, Spring Stanton H. Alive in Mormon Poetry , volume 36, issue 2, pages , Summer Danielle Beazer Dubrasky. Lisa Bolin Hawkins. Allegiance and Stewardship , volume 16, issue 1, pages , Spring Edwin Brown Firmage. Allelujah , volume 31, issue 1, pages , Spring Joy K. Almost But Not Quite , volume 11, issue 3, pages , Autumn. Almost Pentecostal , volume 36, issue 3, pages , Fall Rita Grabowski. Douglas Alan Summers Stay. Always with Us , volume 41, issue 3, pages , Fall Ambulance Unit , volume 38, issue 1, pages , Spring Johnny Townsend. American Christians Visit Mr. Nebo , volume 29, issue 2, pages 76, Summer American Trinity , volume 44, issue 2, pages , Summer David G. Among the Mormons , volume 1, issue 3, pages , Autumn Ralph W. Among the Mormons [Autumn ] , volume 10, issue 4, pages , Autumn An Act of Faith , volume 33, issue 4, pages , Winter Michael R. An Anthology That Sings , volume 10, issue 4, pages , Winter. Rebecca Foster Cornwall. An Apocalypse , volume 44, issue 1, pages , Spring An Approach to the Mormon Past , volume 16, issue 4, pages , Winter Thomas G. Mark Goldrup. Hugh B. An Exit from Utah , volume 4, issue 3, pages , Autumn Robert Pack Browning. An Honorable Surrender , volume 2, issue 1, pages , Spring Carlos S. An Hour in the Grove , volume 13, issue 3, pages , Fall. An Inside-Outsider in Zion , volume 15, issue 1, pages , Spring Jan Shipps. Sterling M. McMurrin , Blake T. Robert D. Larry W. Conrad , Paul Shupe. And It Came to Pass , volume 10, issue 4, pages , Autumn. Edna K. And We Were Young , volume 11, issue 3, pages , Autumn. Dennis Drake. Andante , volume 23, issue 4, pages , Winter Ellen Kartchner. Anhedonia , volume 33, issue 3, pages ix, Fall Anne Parry's Tathea , volume 32, issue 3, pages , Fall Another Angel , volume 14, issue 2, pages , Summer Another Attempt at Understanding , volume 18, issue 1, pages , Spring. Kathryn Smoot Caldwell. Another Birth , volume 17, issue 1, pages , Spring Linda Sillitoe. Another Death , volume 36, issue 3, pages , Fall Thomas F. Another Prayer , volume 23, issue 3, pages 83, Fall Antler People v. Womb People , volume 36, issue 3, pages , Fall Joann Farias. Apostle Extraordinary—Hugh B. Brown , volume 10, issue 1, pages , Spring Richard D. Apple Indian , volume 25, issue 4, pages , Winter Michael Fillerup. Archaeopteryx , volume 36, issue 2, pages , Summer Ken Raines. Are Mormons Christians? Aristocrats , volume 28, issue 3, pages 64, Fall Walter R. Art and Half a Cake , volume 25, issue 2, pages , Summer Michael Shayne Bell. Art and the Church , volume 13, issue 4, pages , Winter Wayne C. Art, Religion, and the Market Place , volume 1, issue 4, pages , Winter Marden J. Clark , R. Christmas , Gary H. As If Nothing Matters , volume 51, issue 1, pages , Spring Chris A. As Winter Comes On , volume 18, issue 4, pages , Winter Don W. Aspiration , volume 35, issue 2, pages 72, Summer At Bay , volume 37, issue 4, pages , Winter Lisa Torcasso Downing. Lance E. At Fifty-five , volume 31, issue 1, pages 84, Spring At Least , volume 50, issue 4, pages , Winter Connor Bassett. At Mountain Meadows , volume 4, issue 3, pages , Autumn Michael Parker. Atlanta to Salt Lake , volume 45, issue 2, pages , Summer Elizabeth Cranford. August 6 , volume 21, issue 2, pages , Summer Aunt Betsy , volume 17, issue 3, pages , Fall Jerrie W. Authority , volume 25, issue 3, pages 86, Fall Averted Vision , volume 50, issue 2, pages , Summer Joanna Ellsworth. Awake to the Ineffable , volume 29, issue 4, pages , Winter Awakening , volume 47, issue 4, pages , Winter Mark Bennion. Babies, Berries, and Santa Claus , volume 25, pages , Winter. Joleen Ashman Robison. Backwards Pioneers , volume 52, issue 1, pages , Spring Heidi Naylor. Levi S. Balancing Acts , volume 28, issue 4, pages , Winter Myrna Marler. Balsamic Vinegar , volume 35, issue 1, pages x, Spring David K. Baptism , volume 38, issue 2, pages , Summer Robert A. Basic Training , volume 31, issue 2, pages , Summer Lewis B. Basilica , volume 27, issue 4, pages , Winter Jerry Johnston. Bathing a Child , volume 27, issue 4, pages , Winter Dennis L. Beached on the Wasatch Front , volume 22, issue 2, pages , Summer Karen Marguerite Moloney. Bean Counting , volume 26, issue 4, pages , Winter Michael J. Bearing Our Crosses Gracefully , volume 24, issue 4, pages , Winter Beautiful Black Madonna of Czestochowa , volume 41, issue 1, pages , Spring Jamie Naylor. Beautiful Naked Women , volume 27, issue 2, pages , Summer Tracie Lamb-Kwon. Becoming a Writer , volume 26, issue 1, pages 65, Spring Derk Michael Koldewyn. Bedouin Lullaby , volume 12, issue 2, pages 59, Summer. Before the World Expands , volume 11, issue 3, pages 78, Fall Begotten of the Ash , volume 31, issue 3, pages 79, Fall Bryant H. Being Baptized for the Dead, , volume 24, issue 2, pages 81, Summer Dana Haight Cattani. Irene M. Benediction , volume 18, issue 2, pages , Summer Neal C. Benjamin , volume 13, issue 2, pages 99, Summer John Sterling Harris. Leland Fetzer. Wallace Stegner. Beth-lehem , volume 26, issue 1, pages , Spring Richard Ellis Tice. Beyond on the Beach , volume 46, issue 2, pages , Summer Brian Brown. Bibliography , volume 47, issue 4, pages , Winter Bibliography of Leonard James Arrington , volume 11, issue 4, pages , Winter. David J. Bird Island , volume 10, issue 4, pages , Autumn Hugh W. Bird of Paradise , volume 24, pages , Fall. Phyllis Barber. Birthday Dreaming , volume 30, issue 3, pages 82, Fall Megan Thayne Heath. Birthing , volume 14, issue 4, pages , Winter Maureen Ursenbach Beecher. Loretta Randall Sharp. Steve Peck. Black Handkerchief , volume 40, issue 3, pages , Fall Black Moroni , volume 29, issue 4, pages 88, Winter Blessed Damozels , volume 6, issue 2, pages , Summer Leonard J. Blessed Virgin , volume 46, issue 1, pages , Spring Diana Dean. Blessing My Son , volume 44, issue 3, pages , Fall Matthew Thomas Nagel. Blessing the Chevrolet , volume 9, issue 3, pages , Autumn Blessing the Dog , volume 29, issue 2, pages , Summer Brian Keith Evenson. Blind Tears , volume 37, issue 3, pages , Fall Blood Cries , volume 47, issue 1, pages 95, Spring Will Reger. Blue Body: Excerpts from a Novoir , volume 36, item number 2, pages , Summer, Blue Glass , volume 43, issue 4, pages , Winter Lizzie Skurnick. Bode and Iris , volume 52, issue 2, pages , Summer Body and Blood , volume 42, issue 4, pages , Winter Michael Palmer. Book of Mormon Stories , volume 35, issue 3, pages , Fall Grant Underwood. Border Crossings , volume 27, issue 2, pages , Summer Born Again , volume 17, issue 3, pages , Fall Born Again , volume 17, issue 3, pages , Autumn Boy Diving Through Moss , volume 4, issue 4, pages 75, Winter Dennis Smith. Breach Birth , volume 36, issue 2, pages 88, Summer Maureen Clark. Bread , volume 28, issue 3, pages , Fall Breadcrumbs , volume 26, issue 1, pages , Spring Bridegroom , volume 52, issue 3, pages , Fall Brigham as Moses , volume 14, issue 1, pages , Spring Richard L. Bring 'Em Young , volume 47, issue 4, pages , Winter Broken Vessels , volume 48, issue 1, pages , Spring Bonnie Shiffler-Olsen. Bronzed Cadences , volume 16, issue 4, pages , Winter La Berta Bobo. Brooklyn , volume 38, issue 4, pages , Winter Russell S. Brother Melrose , volume 32, issue 3, pages , Fall Douglas H. Brothers , volume 36, issue 2, pages , Summer Charmayne Gubler Warnock. Bum Bam Boom , volume 43, issue 4, pages , Winter Burial Service , volume 21, issue 3, pages , Fall Jim Walker. Burn Ward , volume 24, issue 2, pages , Summer Busier Than Thou , volume 25, pages , Summer. Dawn Hall Anderson. By Extension , volume 29, issue 3, pages , Fall By the Mouth of Two or Three , volume 48, issue 3, pages 83, Fall Doug Talley. Laura Wadley. Call Before the Obituary , volume 24, issue 1, pages 99, Spring Jill Hemming. Maryann Olsen MacMurray. Cancun Beach, Mexico , volume 20, issue 1, pages 25, Spring Canyon Country , volume 6, issue 2, pages 97, Summer. Ina Jespersen Hobson. Canyon Eden , volume 10, issue 4, pages , Autumn Robin Hammond. Cap Meets the Prophet Brigham , volume 27, issue 4, pages 39, Winter Ronald D. Career of a Counter-Prophet , volume 16, issue 4, pages , Winter. Ross Peterson. Carefully Crafted Cocoon , volume 14, issue 4, pages , Winter Margaret Rampton Munk. Cargoes II , volume 37, issue 1, pages , Spring Brent D. Caridad , volume 10, issue 4, pages , Fall Carol Took the Cell , volume 38, issue 4, pages , Winter Carrying Water on Both Shoulders , volume 6, issue 1, pages , Spring Carterville , volume 38, issue 3, pages , Fall Cartooning Mormons , volume 12, issue 4, pages , Winter Gary L. Caught Gull, Plowing , volume 32, issue 1, pages , Spring Caught Up , volume 41, issue 2, pages , Summer Cedar City, , volume 14, issue 1, pages , Spring Sherwin W. Celestial Terms , volume 47, issue 3, pages , Fall Sarah Dunster. Cereal Polygamy , volume 28, issue 2, pages , Summer Mark Birch. Chant for Growing Older , volume 10, issue 2, pages , Fall Charity Never , volume 40, issue 4, pages , Winter Matthew James Babcock. Charm for a Sick Child , volume 17, issue 1, pages , Spring Chauvinist , volume 48, issue 1, pages , Spring Cheap Shots Miss the Mark , volume 14, issue 1, pages , Spring. Valeen Tippetts Avery. Childhood Homes , volume 36, issue 2, pages , Summer Childlike, Not Childish , volume 17, issue 3, pages , Autumn. Maggie Smith. Chokecherries , volume 23, issue 1, pages , Spring Choose Your Own Belief , volume 50, issue 4, pages , Winter Sherilyn Olsen. Christian Spinning , volume 36, issue 2, pages , Summer Christmas Carol , volume 39, issue 3, pages , Fall Dawn Baker Brimley. Christmas Conflict , volume 37, issue 2, pages , Summer Christmas in Utah , volume 19, issue 4, pages 85, Winter Leslie Norris. Christmas Morning , volume 22, issue 4, pages , Winter Aldyth Morris. Christmas Sonnets from Other Years , volume 19, issue 4, pages , Winter Helen Candland Stark. Christus , volume 50, issue 1, pages , Spring Laura Hilton Craner. Edgar Lyon. Churchgoers , volume 38, issue 4, pages , Winter Shelley Grose. Circles and Lines , volume 52, issue 1, pages 88, Spring Dalene Rowley. City of Brotherly Love , volume 41, issue 1, pages , Spring City of Saints , volume 51, issue 2, pages , Summer Donna Bernhisel. Cliff Dwellings , volume 22, issue 3, pages 90, Fall Close to the Bone , volume 9, issue 4, pages , Winter Colors in Idaho , volume 9, issue 1, pages 79, Spring Come to Zion , volume 51, issue 1, pages , Spring Annette Haws. Commentary , volume 26, issue 4, pages xv-xvi, Winter Commerce , volume 23, issue 2, pages , Summer Commonplace Nightmares , volume 33, issue 4, pages 96, Winter Companionship , volume 32, issue 1, pages , Spring Compass , volume 40, issue 1, pages , Spring Coney Island Hymn , volume 25, issue 2, pages 40, Summer Glen Nelson. Confession , volume 38, issue 2, pages , Summer Mark Sheffield Brown. Confessions of a Suburban Househusband , volume 12, issue 1, pages , Spring. Mervyn Dykes. Confessions of a Utah Gambler , volume 24, pages , Summer. Russell Burrows. Contingency 4 , volume 43, issue 2, pages , Summer. James Best. Contralto , volume 36, issue 3, pages 70, Fall Convictus or The Navigator's Confession , volume 2, issue 3, pages , Fall Cordoba , volume 30, issue 1, pages , Spring Sam Cannon. Corn Grows in Rows , volume 5, issue 2, pages , Summer Cornerstone , volume 7, issue 2, pages , Summer Counseling the Brethren , volume 9, issue 2, pages , Summer Counting the Cost , volume 24, pages , Fall. Courting , volume 31, issue 4, pages ix-xiii, Winter Peter Richardson. Coyote Laughter , volume 36, issue 4, pages , Winter Joe Staples. Creations , volume 31, issue 1, pages 14, Spring Casualene Meyer. Creek Skating , volume 52, issue 3, pages , Fall Critical Condition , volume 35, issue 1, pages ix, Spring Crow Games , volume 47, issue 1, pages 98, Spring Kim Simpson. Crucifixion in Judea , volume 3, issue 1, pages , Spring. Michael Gray. Daddy Hung Me Out , volume 23, issue 3, pages , Fall Alan Rex Mitchell. Danger on the Right! Danger on the Left! Dark Energy , volume 44, issue 4, pages , Winter Dark Watch , volume 46, issue 3, pages , Fall William Morris. Dave Elegy , volume 5, issue 2, pages , Summer James Miller. Michael Hicks. David and Bathsheba , volume 18, issue 1, pages , Spring Daltridge , volume 31, issue 1, pages , Spring Day Dreams , volume 26, issue 3, pages , Fall Day Music , volume 32, issue 2, pages 69, Summer Dear Brethren , volume 36, issue 3, pages , Fall Dear Diary. Decapitating the Mormons , volume 5, issue 2, pages , Summer Decoration Day , volume 26, issue 2, pages xii, Summer Jillyn Carpenter. Defending Jose , volume 31, issue 3, pages , Fall Dan Bischoff Baxter. Delineation , volume 36, issue 2, pages 86, Summer Descending Order , volume 28, issue 4, pages 65, Winter Desert Bloom , volume 30, issue 2, pages , Summer Devotion , volume 52, issue 1, pages 91, Spring Terresa Wellborn. Devotion to Sam , volume 6, issue 2, pages 98, Summer. Blanche Berry. Gary P. Diaries , volume 18, issue 1, pages , Spring Joyce Ellen Davis. Digging the Foundation , volume 9, issue 4, pages , Winter Dinner at Sylvia's , volume 25, pages , Winter. Erika Munson. Discouragement , volume 20, issue 1, pages 25, Spring Frederick G. Discovering a Mormon Writer , volume 5, issue 2, pages , Summer Dishes , volume 44, issue 3, pages , Fall Anna Kohler Lewis. Disorder and Early Joy , volume 9, issue 3, pages , Autumn Disrobed , volume 36, issue 1, pages 88, Spring Sondra Sumsion Soderborg. Dissertations and Theses Relating to Mormons and Mormonism , volume 12, issue 2, pages , Summer. Linda Thatcher. Disvertissement , volume 47, issue 2, pages , Summer Richard Hart. Laura Hamblin. Does the Camera Lie? Sharon Lee Swenson. Doing Huebener , volume 21, issue 4, pages , Winter Margaret Blair Young. Domestiku , volume 50, issue 3, pages , Fall Domlik , volume 41, issue 2, pages , Summer Samuel Brown. Double Exposure , volume 26, issue 2, pages , Summer Dragging Fanny , volume 32, issue 1, pages , Spring Drama Queen , volume 31, issue 4, pages , Winter Brent Pace. Drawing on Personal Myths , volume 20, issue 3, pages , Fall Dream Psalm , volume 51, issue 4, pages , Winter William DeFord. Drinking, and Flirting with the Mormon Church , volume 25, pages , Winter. Marian Nelsen. Driven , volume 36, issue 2, pages , Summer Nathan Chai. Drought , volume 40, issue 3, pages , Fall Larry T. Drum Major , volume 48, issue 4, pages , Winter Dry Tree , volume 52, issue 4, pages , Winter During Recess , volume 22, issue 1, pages 69, Spring Dust to Dust , volume 27, issue 4, pages , Winter Duties of a Deacon , volume 50, issue 3, pages , Fall Early Mormon Intellectuals, Parley P. Pratt and Orson Pratt, a Response , volume 15, issue 3, pages , Autumn Robert Paul. Early Through Winter , volume 22, issue 4, pages , Winter Early Winter , volume 27, issue 3, pages , Fall Easter , volume 46, issue 2, pages , Summer Easter Sermons , volume 44, issue 2, pages , Summer Harlow Clark. Easter Service , volume 28, issue 3, pages , Fall Steve Peterson. Easter Weekend , volume 21, issue 1, pages , Spring Ecclesiastical Check , volume 25, issue 3, pages , Fall Richard Wiman. Ecclesiastical Implications of Grace , volume 25, issue 1, pages , Spring Erin R. Echo of boy , volume 50, issue 2, pages , Summer Darlene Young. Eighteen Thousand Sundowns , volume 38, issue 1, pages , Spring El Cordero de Dios , volume 38, issue 2, pages , Summer Elijah's Calling , volume 32, issue 3, pages , Fall Elizabeth the Fijian , volume 10, issue 4, pages , Fall Estaleah Harmsen Baker. Elizabeth, and Dying Wishes , volume 29, issue 4, pages , Winter Daniel A. Embroideries , volume 16, issue 3, pages , Fall Emma's Anguish , volume 33, issue 1, pages , Spring Emptying Pockets , volume 46, issue 2, pages , Summer Encounter , volume 5, issue 3, pages , Autumn Douglas D. Encounter , volume 35, issue 1, pages 42, Spring Enduring , volume 16, issue 4, pages , Winter Kristopher Passey. Entertaining Angels Unaware , volume 41, issue 1, pages , Spring Laura McCune-Poplin. Entire unto Himself , volume 25, issue 4, pages 56—57, Winter Epiphany , volume 28, issue 3, pages , Fall Tory C. Epithalamion , volume 11, issue 3, pages , Fall Epithalamium , volume 41, issue 2, pages , Summer Krista H. Essay for June 9, , volume 32, issue 1, pages , Spring Randy Astle. Eternal Misfit , volume 43, issue 3, pages , Fall Roger Terry. Lester E. Eve's Offering , volume 37, issue 4, pages , Winter Jenifer Lee. Eve's Psalm , volume 35, issue 2, pages 88, Summer Anne Elizabeth Berbert. Even Manna , volume 48, issue 2, pages , Summer Evenings , volume 19, issue 1, pages 98, Winter Evenings in October , volume 47, issue 1, pages , Spring Everlasting , volume 39, issue 1, pages , Spring Everything That Glitters , volume 11, issue 2, pages , Summer. Cedric I. Excavating Myself , volume 11, issue 2, pages , Summer Yes, the Steelers were knocked from their perch as the NFL's last unbeaten team on Monday , sending members of the Dolphins into their latest bubbly celebration. Well, half the division, anyway. As for those Steelers: For months, fans of the Black and Gold told me I was foolish that's a sanitized version of their criticism for not installing their team atop the Power Rankings. Something tells me those same fans won't be thrilled with where the Steelers slot in this week. Credit the Broncos' stubborn defense for refusing to play the role of cannon fodder, and just be thankful you're not the Chiefs' upstairs replay guy who has to explain to Andy Reid why he wasn't told to challenge the ruled incompletion on what would have been a touchdown catch by Tyreek Hill in the second quarter. The Chiefs clinched their sixth consecutive postseason appearance tying a franchise record and are one Raiders loss away from their fifth straight AFC West title. These guys are good. Start No. The gadget-player-turned-starting-quarterback connected on two touchdown passes his first TD throws since his BYU days and added 83 yards on the ground in a win over the Falcons that clinched yet another playoff berth for New Orleans. Hill was especially impressive on third down: He went for for yards with a TD and He did it by climbing in the pocket, going through his progressions and driving throws to intermediate targets. It was positively Breesian at points. Drew Brees , by the way, could be ready to return for this Sunday's game in Philadelphia. Decisions, decisions for Sean Payton. But on Monday night? There were no excuses after the Steelers blew a point lead in a loss to Washington, a setback that ended the dream of a perfect season in Pittsburgh. The Steelers came undone on both sides of the ball in the second half, looking like a team that felt the pressure that comes with taking an undefeated record into December. Perhaps the loss will free Pittsburgh of the kind of tightness that was on display in this odd stretch of this weird season. The Packers were in cruise control on Sunday against the Eagles. Aaron Rodgers threw three touchdown passes making him the fastest ever to career TDs , Davante Adams made a couple more trips to the end zone, Aaron Jones put the game away with a gorgeous yard score , and the Green Bay defense harassed poor Carson Wentz all the way to the bench in a win. That's quite remarkable when you remember that Rodgers was widely viewed as a star in decline when this season began. Don't believe me? Go check where he went in your fantasy draft. I'll wait. Buffalo looked like a team ready to raise its ceiling on Monday night. Out front was Josh Allen , who played the best game of his pro career in a win over the 49ers. Allen carved up Robert Saleh's defense for yards while becoming the first quarterback in franchise history to complete 80 percent of his passes with four touchdowns in one game. Allen looked completely at ease in the pocket, playing like a quarterback who was seeing everything unfold in front of him in slow motion. Allen threw scoring passes to Cole Beasley , Dawson Knox , Isaiah McKenzie and Gabriel Davis , commanding an offense that didn't send punter Corey Bojorquez onto the field until the mark of the fourth quarter. Bojorquez's subsequent punt traveled 68 yards, because that's the kind of night it was for the AFC East leaders. Goff's three-turnover meltdown against the 49ers in Week 12 prompted a public admonishment from Sean McVay. His showing against the Cardinals was the best possible response from the veteran passer. The Rams are the reverse of the Seahawks: With a dominant defense, they just need their offense to be average or a little better to thrive. The Seahawks suffered a serious glitch in the matrix on Sunday. The undermanned Giants came to town as heavy underdogs and flew out of Seattle with a stunning win. The loss dropped the Seahawks back into a first-place tie with the Rams who currently hold the head-to-head tiebreaker in the NFC West and welcomed questions about what exactly happened to the once-unstoppable "Let Russ Cook" offense. Russell Wilson didn't get much help from his offensive line, but he also bore some responsibility for five Giants sacks. The defense, so improved in recent weeks, allowed nearly rushing yards to a New York offense that hasn't had Saquon Barkley for months. Did we mention Colt McCoy started this game for the Giants? Or that Alfred Morris scored twice? Simply put, it was one of the ugliest days of the Pete Carroll era. It's time to start believing in the Cleveland Browns. Baker Mayfield threw four touchdown passes -- all of them in a flawless first half -- in a win over the Titans that announced Cleveland as a legitimate player in the AFC. Could the Browns have done a better job closing out a game that was at halftime? Mayfield is a fascinating figure as we head down the stretch of this bizarre season. When he is playing with confidence, he can shred defenses with precision strikes, both short and long. Are the Ravens back? Yes, the pathetic Cowboys defense has been making other teams look good all season, but this felt like an important game for a Ravens squad that needed a shot of optimism in what had been a six-week stretch of frustration. The relationship between the quarterback and head coach will remain a storyline down the stretch. Bruce Arians hasn't made any excuses for Tom Brady when the offense has struggled, and Arians and offensive coordinator Byron Leftwich haven't always tailored the game plan to what made Brady a legend in New England. If there is a schism between Brady and Arians, it could lead to Arians' exit. But let's not get ahead ourselves: The Bucs can still make the playoffs, and they have a favorable remaining schedule. Brady has the weapons; Arians possesses the know-how. The pair has four games to get this thing turned around. The Texans were at the Colts' 2-yard line when Deshaun Watson couldn't handle a bad snap , leading to a game-sealing Colts recovery in a win. The victory, paired with a Titans loss to the Browns , moves Indy back into a first-place tie in the AFC South with four games to play. The Colts are a tough team to figure out: The ups and downs that marked Sunday's win felt like a microcosm of the entire season to date. The offense is particularly unknowable -- Philip Rivers and Co. You can take every level of the beleaguered unit to task for Cleveland's point first half, but the absence of a pass rush against Baker Mayfield was particularly glaring. General manager Jon Robinson had two big swings and misses in his attempt to improve this area in the offseason -- Jadeveon Clowney is parked on IR with zero sacks while Vic Beasley is already ancient history -- and the players who remain have been unable to pick up the slack. If an up- and-down passer like Mayfield can make the Titans look this bad, what would Patrick Mahomes do to them in the playoffs? Miracles exist, even in the wretched year of Seconds away from the season-crushing humiliation of a loss to the winless New York Jets, Derek Carr dropped back and found Henry Ruggs all alone for a yard touchdown , the deciding score for the Raiders in a stunning win at the Meadowlands. Carr's touchdown throw came one play after the quarterback missed an open Nelson Agholor on another deep strike. All Carr had to do was hit one, however, and as a result, the Raiders remain a player in the AFC playoff hunt. A huge Week 14 showdown with the Colts will have massive implications for both teams. Things were looking rough for the Dolphins and Tua Tagovailoa at halftime against Cincinnati on Sunday, but a switch was flipped when Brian Flores' team exited the locker room. Tua -- making his return after missing one week with a thumb issue -- went of for yards and a touchdown in the third quarter as Miami took control. The defense handled the rest, piling up six sacks and two takeaways against a poor Bengals offense in a win. One of those turnovers was forced by Xavien Howard , who collected his league-best eighth interception before being ejected for fighting with Cincinnati wide receiver Tyler Boyd late in the first half. A measuring-stick game awaits against the mighty Chiefs on Sunday. Kyler Murray was bottled up once again, this time by Aaron Donald and the Rams' defense, and the Cardinals continue to show they cannot win when they don't get a special performance from their second-year quarterback. To that point, remove one Hail Murray from the equation, and Arizona is riding a five-game losing streak right now. Week 14's matchup with the surging Giants is a virtual must-win. It wasn't pretty, but Sunday's overtime win over the Jaguars slid the Vikings into the seventh and final NFC playoff spot with four weeks to play. Not bad for a team that was left for dead at in October. The Vikes did a nice job fattening up on the soft portion of their schedule, but their level of play will have to improve significantly ahead of Sunday's matchup against a rested Buccaneers team. They'll also need more of the same from Justin Jefferson , who on Sunday became the fifth rookie to reach 1, yards receiving in his first 12 games. Jefferson's meteoric rise to star status gives the Vikings a playmaker core that rivals that of any team in football. The Patriots' offense with Cam Newton behind center isn't going to dazzle you. It consists mostly of interior runs, QB options and the occasional 7-yard lawn dart from Cam to one of his workmanlike receivers. But the New England attack doesn't need to be aesthetically pleasing when everything else is humming. On Sunday, Bill Belichick's defense flummoxed super rookie Justin Herbert , while New England special teams put on a clinic in a shellacking of the Chargers. The Patriots have won four of five to put themselves back on the radar in the AFC playoff picture. Newton is having a strange year: He has just five passing touchdowns all season, but has 11 rushing scores, including six in the last six weeks. Whatever works. Entering the season, the Giants' defense was supposed to be the team's Achilles' heel. With four weeks to play, the unit has revealed itself to be New York's greatest strength. The players deserve much credit, as does head coach Joe Judge and the rest of his staff. But let's give Dave Gettleman his due here, as well. Each of these veterans has been an impact contributor, and they all played their role in Sunday's huge upset. Arrow up in the Meadowlands. Washington knocked off the previously undefeated Steelers at Heinz Field on Monday , a complete team effort that should make people reconsider how much they really want to mock the NFC East at this point of the season. Both Washington and the Giants are surging, but only Ron Rivera's team can say it wiped out a point deficit on the road to defeat the NFL's last unbeaten team. Montez Sweat and Chase Young caused havoc all game long in the trenches, while Alex Smith added another page-turning chapter to his epic comeback tale. Smith made a host of money throws during Washington's stunning second-half surge, coolly leading Washington up and down the field against Pittsburgh's top-ranked scoring defense. Believe in The Football Team. Kyle Shanahan said the 49ers' county-mandated migration to Arizona had " absolutely nothing, zero, to do " with his team's flat performance in a loss to the Bills. It's what you expect most coaches to say, but we tend to believe him, based on how Buffalo just looked like the far better team on Monday night. The Bills quarterback picked apart Saleh's defense, setting the stage for an Allen v. Nick Mullens shootout that had no chance of being competitive. Atlanta made Taysom Hill look like a fully functional quarterback in a two-touchdown day for the erstwhile gadget guy. Hill shredded the Falcons on third down in the first half, completing eight of nine passes for 92 yards and a TD. Atlanta's offense, meanwhile, was held out of the end zone in the first three quarters and was stopped on downs with a chance to take the lead in the final minutes. Public Schools Essays: Examples, Topics, Titles, & Outlines

This is the first time TTIA has been recognized in the highest capacity grouping since it exceeded the passenger threshold in Facility operator Taoyuan International Airport Corp. The awards are based on over , passenger satisfaction surveys from airports in 84 countries and territories. The widely acclaimed kitchen maestro and restaurateur trained under French talents such as Jacques and Laurent Pourcel, Michel Troisgros and Pierre Gagnaire. After relocating to Singapore, he opened several restaurants, two of which featured on the S. In , his signature establishment, Restaurant Andre, ranked No. At the head of the pack is Mandarin Oriental Hotel, Taipei. It bagged the coveted five-star award for the second consecutive year on the strength of its prime location, spa, spacious rooms and wide array of dining options. The edition of the annual guide surveyed 1, hotels, restaurants and spas in 50 countries and territories. A total facilities earned five-star awards, fourstar awards and recommended listings. Taichung named trending travel destination by HomeAway Taichung was selected Feb. In a report based on feedback from Singaporean families and travel groups, the company listed the central Taiwan city as one of the top three trending vacation spots for alongside Cebu in the Philippines and Fukuoka in Japan. Taichung was also identified as a top three destination for Taiwan families and travel groups—together with Cebu and Sapporo in Japan—in a separate publication. Endowed with rich heritage and beautiful natural landscapes, the city is an ideal choice for those seeking to get away from the crowds, the firm said, adding that its convenient commercial districts and abundance of affordable dining options are drawing more and more tourists each year. According to the Ministry of Culture, the fair is an outstanding opportunity for Taiwan illustrators and publishing companies to exchange knowledge and explore business tie-ups. It is based on the Law for the Development of the Cultural and Creative Industries, which was promulgated in February The institute is one of many ministry initiatives aimed at rejuvenating and supporting the industry in the face of challenges like lack of production, limited market size, outflows of talent and stiff competition from imported cultural offerings. The act will be sent to the Legislature for review along with amendments to Articles 5, 7 and 30 of the Law for the Development of the Cultural and Creative Industries. The film features Huang explaining how he painstakingly fashions drums from wood and ox or water buffalo hides. His creations are commonly used in religious rituals, as well as the musical genres of beiguan and nanguan, or southern and northern pipes, brought to Taiwan centuries ago from the other side of the strait. Currently studying aboriginal art production at National Kaohsiung Normal University NKNU in the southern city of Kaohsiung, Palilaw considers herself fortunate to receive instruction in advanced creative techniques and greater exposure to indigenous cultures. Designed specifically for aboriginal students, the program encompasses a broad range. Young indigenous peoples such as the graduates of Gao Shi Elementary School in Pingtung County, southern Taiwan, will enjoy greater protection of their ethnicity, interests and rights via enhanced government policies. Photo by Central News Agency. An image highlighting aspects of tribal life and the natural environment President Tsai Ing-wen, front row, sixth left, and other officials attend a preparatory meeting for the establishment of the Indigenous Historical Justice and Transitional Justice Commission Dec. Photo by Chin Hung-hao Photos by Jimmy Lin Illustration by Lin Chian-ru Courtesy of Office of the President. The initiative is implemented jointly by the Cabinetlevel Council of Indigenous Pe o p l e s C I P and Ministry of Education, which both provide funding to participating schools. In recent decades, a number of laws have been enacted with a view to safeguarding the ethnicity, interests and rights of aboriginals. These are intended to provide equal access to education, employment, health care and political participation, as well as protect cultures, identities, languages and traditional territories. Some of the standouts include the Indigenous Languages. This determination, Nawi said, is illustrated by the official apology made Aug. An important aspect in this regard is the establishment in December of the Indigenous Historical Justice and Transitional Justice Commission under the Office of the President. Headed by Tsai and made up of representatives from all aboriginal groups in Taiwan, the commission is responsible for reaching consensus on policy directions and uncovering historical truths. It comprises five subcommittees tasked with tackling topics related to culture, history, land, language and reconciliation, respectively. In addition to the commission, many government agencies are introducing initiatives raising the living conditions and welfare of indigenous peoples, Nawi said. Measures taken under the FIDP include building multifunctional centers offering services ranging from child and senior care to cultural activities and language teaching, expanding access to broadband enabling indigenous communities to bridge the digital divide and upgrading community facilities. Funded by a special budget re vie wed and appro ved by the Legislature, the FIDP is anticipated as accelerating infrastructure development of aboriginal townships and substantially enhancing the wellbeing of residents. Progress is closely monitored on a monthly basis by project management centers, with assistance provided in the event of implementation difficulties. Art pieces created by aboriginal talents are displayed and sold at a restaurant in Sandimen Township. Atayal tribal elders in Miaoli County, northern Taiwan, can look forward to healthier golden years under the Long-term Care Plan 2. The Center for Indigenous Studies at National Taiwan University organizes different kinds of events including field trips, exhibitions and film screenings to promote public understanding of contemporary indigenous issues. Photos by Chin Hung-hao The government is also working to spur aboriginal employment and career development opportunities, Nawi said, citing the IPERPA under which indigenous peoples should make up at least 1 percent of the workforce in public sector agencies, schools and state-owned enterprises with or more employees. To this end, the CIP has commissioned 90 employment service professionals to help indigenous community members find jobs or start businesses, as well as provide low-interest loans in association with the Bank of Taiwan. Consequently, official data reveals that aboriginal unemployment dropped to 4. This directive is reflected in the special chapter for indigenous peoples incorporated in the Long-term Care Plan 2. First approved in , the initiative is achieving the goal of establishing a complete chain ranging from preventative health treatment to community-based support services and late-life hospice care. It has also launched training programs for caregivers, social workers and volunteers. Cultural and ethnic diversity is the cornerstone of achieving a genuinely pluralistic society in Taiwan, according to Tung. This has helped train the spotlight on core issues such as social exclusion, returning artifacts, and land and resources rights. Yao of the NKNU is on the same page as Tung when it comes to identifying and rectifying the causes of aboriginal marginalization. The main dividend of this approac h f or gr aduates of the Department of Indigenous Art Industry at NKNU is the chance to pursue rewarding cultural and creative industry careers within the aboriginal arts sector. Coffee beans and millet ears are staples of the Rukai tribe in Kaohsiung City, southern Taiwan. Trainees participate in the most recent edition of the annual talent cultivation program organized by Indigenous Peoples Cultural Development Center. Eaves are decorated with traditional images of sharp-nosed vipers at the park. Photo by Chuang Kung-ju. These include the establishment of five aboriginal schools in and Nanhu Mountain Atayal Tribal School is one such facility. The students are not the only ones benefiting at the school. Young members of the Atayal tribe hike along an ancient trail to a settlement inhabited by their ancestors in central Taiwan. Atayal craftspeople teach students at the school about traditional skills like fabric and rattan weaving. Among the most successful are those giving rise to the highly regarded traditional indigenous performances staged indoors twice a day. The current program differs from previous years in that greater. A full-time IPCDC employee and c lass of trainee, Lan describes the program as integral to the preservation of indigenous culture. Principal Yurow Hayung introduces tribal items handmade by his students. An artwork exhibited at the park is cared for by a conservator trained and employed by the center. Stilted structures modeled on those built by the Pinuyumayan tribe in Taitung County, southeastern Taiwan, are featured at the park. Diverse indigenous cultures and languages are an important component of Taiwan society. Alian It also helps bridge the urban-rural information divide and is an effective tool in enhancing disaster preparedness and relief measures. Tsai, an ethnic Paiwan on. Colorful aboriginal elements are an unforgettable part of the Taipei Universiade opening ceremony. The launch of Alian The foundation was established in with funding f rom the Cabinet-level Council of Indigenous Peoples under the Educ ation Act for Indigenous Peoples, revised in , and The Indigenous Peoples Basic Law, promulgated the following year. For Paiwan Yedda Palemeq, chief executive officer of IPCF, such progress demonstrates increasing concern for the vanishing traditions of disadvantaged groups in Taiwan. This is an extension of the indigenous rights movement emerging in the s as part of a broader social liberalization trend. On one hand, she added, indigenous peoples can express concerns and views that might be misrepresented in the mainstream media and, on the other, segments of society can develop a better Taiwan Indigenous Television airs content focusing on key issues impacting tribal communities. Representatives of plains- dwelling tribes call for recognition by the government during a recent news conference in Tainan City, southern Taiwan. Courtesy of Mata Taiwan Photo by Lin Min-hsuan. Article 23 of the legislation, Yedda said, stipulates that the number of hours dedicated to aboriginal language learning courses and programs must be at least 50 percent In addition, the IPCF magazine contains at least one Romanized indigenous text per issue since mid Concluding in February, the course turned out 25 young indigenous graduates qualified to work. Mainly designed for the 16 tribes, the IPCF platform also touches on issues concerning the nonrecognized plains-dwelling tribes. It is to this area that Mata Taiwan attaches greater importance. According to Fang, these easily understood topics build a greater appreciation for more challenging and controversial subjects like land rights. Mata is also capitalizing on these aboriginal connections by publishing books and tribal tourism tracts. Another side project involves arranging grassroots seminars across the country in partnership with the Ministry of Culture under its Civil Culture Forum project. In September , Mata organized three forums in Taipei, as well as Hualien and Pingtung counties in eastern and southern Taiwan, respectively, for exchanging experiences and ideas on indigenous tourism. Having indirectly assisted PTS with production of internet and TV news shows concerning aboriginal and other civic issues, Sun appreciates the distinctions among those living in indigenous communities and those belonging to the same ethnic group yet residing in different regions. Gender issues tend to be neglected when it comes to strengthening tribal rights and ties to culture. Online platforms and mobile devices are giving ready access to a vast amount of on-demand content, which can lead to unprecedented appreciation of aboriginal cultural assets, according to Sun. Communal Harmony The remote indigenous village of Smangus strikes a balance between development and sustainability. The metamorphosis of Smangus began in when residents discovered a group of majestic red cypress trees 4. Four years later, the local government completed the final stretch of road to the remote community, which sits at an elevation of 1, meters and was previously among the most inaccessible in Taiwan. As word got out, tourism numbers grew, bringing substantial economic benefits. According to village head Masay Sulung, while the road brought money, it also led to fierce competition among villagers. The visitor influx also raised concerns about outside businesses buying up land and spurring overdevelopment. They launched a community-managed, profit-sharing tourist restaurant in , before establishing a similar. Tourists hike along a mountain trail in Smangus. The Atayal community took a major stride toward creating a commune in when villagers reached a consensus on pooling land resources. A wooden gateway marks the entrance to the village. The commune is fostering value-added tourism through such measures as upgrading accommodation. Students take a class at the local elementary school. The number of pupils has risen to 24 from 10 in Commune members are assigned tasks such as guiding tourists and preparing food based on skills and interests. This move facilitated a robust, integrated approach to tourism development and prevented any land grabs by external forces. Members are assigned jobs based on skills and interests. Everyone receives the same income as well as a variety of benefits in areas like health care. Tourism, which accounts for about 80 percent of commune revenues, has led to significant infrastructure improvements. It also helped reverse the trend of population decline as natives committed to futures in the community and former residents returned. The number of households in Smangus stands at 35, up from eight in the mids, with about. The church in Smangus is a center of village life. The village embraces and promotes sustainable practices. Courtesy of Lahuy Icyeh. Benefits have risen accordingly as well. There are also incentives to attract educators to the elementary school, such as free accommodation in a guesthouse. Current teacher Ciwas Buya hails from Bailan, an Atayal village With everyone receiving an equal share of revenues, the tribal council has introduced measures to. Male members of the community are required to take turns patrolling surrounding mountainous areas to deter illegal logging by outsiders. These efforts are conducted in coordination with law enforcement authorities. Smangus is also addressing environmental issues caused by the tourism boom. Residents previously sought to attract as many visitors as possible, with the daily total reaching a high of in The commune has since set a cap of per day as it moves toward offering more valueadded experiences. When Masay surveys the community today and reflects on all that has been achieved, he often thinks of his Atayal ancestors and the hardships they endured migrating across northern and central Taiwan. Artistic Awakening Indigenous artists are employing contemporary approaches to promote and preserve tribal traditions. His painted woodcarvings depict centuries-old legends and motifs of the Paiwan indigenous people from which he hails. Yet the presentation of this imagery is far from conventional. The artist incorporates a variety of innovative symbols and techniques with the aim of attracting wider interest in the rich tribal culture. Etan colors a woodcarving. Arts and Culture. Its goal is to promote indigenous artists at home and abroad by fostering relationships with key players in local and international markets. These promotional efforts are bringing national recognition to a growing number of indigenous artists, many of whom had previously focused on selling works at tourist sites. Tseng, former secretary-general of Taipei-based Taiwan Art Gallery Association, led the residency program from During this time, she visited dozens of creative talents across the country spanning virtually every artistic field. Results of these measures included the addition of an aboriginal section at Art Taipei for the first time in The same year, the government-supported Indigenous Pe o p l e s C u l t u r a l Fo u n d a t i o n launched the biennial Pulima Art Festival to honor and promote exceptional creations by aboriginal talents. Among the most recent winners was current TICA resident Eleng, who claimed one of three first-place prizes in Longwarranted academic analysis by experts and researchers in such areas as art history, cultural anthropology and marketing can help attract international buyers and collectors to the field, he added. Recent years have seen a significant uptick in aboriginal exhibitions,. The gallery has since staged a further three shows—solo events for Etan as well as painters Lahok Oding and Eval Malinjinnan of the Amis and Bunun tribes, respectively—in addition to Widening interest in indigenous expression also extends to the performing arts, where groups such as Tjimur Dance Theatre are making a mark at home and abroad. The troupe, founded in , is the first professional dance company dedicated exclusively to Paiwan culture. This exposure results f rom being included in a Ministry of Culture program promoting the local arts scene overseas. The troupe has been a frequent participant in international events in. Tjimur founder and artistic director Ljuzem Madiljin, older sister of. Chilan works on a piece during Art Taipei. Photo by Huang Chung-hsin. Tjimur founder Ljuzem Madiljin Photos by Huang Chung-hsin. Baru, said the process of reimagining ancient customs is fraught, but also necessary to ensure cultural continuation. After Morakot, Etan said he wanted to convey in a contemporary vernacular ancient tribal principles of honoring the land and using resources sustainably. He directed a documentary released in by government-supported Taiwan. For the film, he returned home to record the bedtime stories of tribal myths and legends that his grandmother told him during childhood. Prominent images f rom the tales, such as lilies and. Among those inter viewed in the documentary is elder brother Sakuliu. In , the painter, potter and sculptor became the first indigenous talent to receive the National Award for Arts in the fine arts category. To Sakuliu, re-examination of tribal customs is an essential step in the evolution of aboriginal art. Model for the World Taiwan provides a template for the achievement of universal health care and is ready and willing to share its expertise. Launched in , the compulsory plan covers virtually percent of the population. It offers users affordable and convenient access to inpatient and outpatient services, dental care, prescription medications and traditional Chinese treatments. All citizens and foreign residents are enrolled. This efficiency translates into short wait times and cost-effective. In addition, more than 50 foreign delegations visited Taiwan last year alone to learn about the NHI. Shortly after beginning his five-year term in July , Tedros wrote in The Lancet medical journal that countries can learn from peers and embrace innovative, tailored solutions to achieve this objective. Taiwan attended the annual assembly as an observer from to following 38 years of exclusion. Its involvement is widely recognized as helping strengthen global health and disease prevention. According to the minister, the NHI can serve as a blueprint for nations around the world. In addition to controlling costs, the system has led to continuous advancements in public health, with average life expectancy in Taiwan rising from These gains result from consistent efforts to extend NHI coverage. And in December , babies born in Taiwan to foreign residents— previously eligible to join after a. The government also regularly expands the range of medications and treatments available under the system. A recent example is the inclusion in January of cuttingedge antiviral hepatitis C drugs for patients with advanced forms of the disease. This was a significant step as the illness, a major cause of liver cancer, is estimated to affect up to , people in the country, according to statistics from Taiwan nonprofit Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation. Minister of Health and Welfare Chen Shih-chung The National Health Insurance program offers nearly every citizen and foreign resident access to a wide range of services spanning Western and traditional Chinese medicine as well as dental care. Photos by Huang Chung-hsin Photo by Jimmy Lin. Since , the vast majority of hospitals and clinics in Taiwan have been connected to a cloud computing network, allowing physicians to quickly and easily locate patient medical records. This boosts service quality and safety by, for instance, enabling health care providers to avoid prescribing double doses of drugs. In January , the network was further upgraded into a file-sharing platform for diagnostic images such as CT scans. Epidemic prevention is another advantage of the centralized system. In the case of emergency situations such as the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, authorities can request real-time updates of records, enabling rapid identification of potential patients. The country operates comprehensive infrastructure at borders and international gateways for detecting illnesses like bird flu and dengue fever. Six months earlier, the CDC also informed its U. Under the initiative, the former provides funding and facilities while the latter arranges for leading international experts to participate. Six events have been staged in Taiwan to date, offering health officials and technicians from 18 Asian countries knowledge of diagnostic strategies for chikungunya, dengue fever, Ebola, MERS, or Middle East respiratory syndrome, and Zika. Attendees also used the occasions to bolster regional disease prevention and monitoring networks. The most recent camp, held April in Taipei City, focused on illnesses caused by enteroviruses. Chou said that Taiwan has amassed considerable expertise in the diseases, which disproportionally affect children and remain common in much of Southeast Asia. Medical Association. Among other measures, it hosted the general assembly of the World Medical Association in Taipei. Through technical meetings at the WHA, Taiwan can learn from other countries and give back by sharing its health care expertise. The NHI covers cutting-edge antiviral hepatitis C medications for people with advanced forms of the disease as part of government efforts to reduce liver cancer rates. Foreign medical professionals learn how to conduct a single test for chikungunya, dengue fever and Zika at a training camp jointly organized by Taiwan and the U. Courtesy of CDC. Good Deeds Taiwan is utilizing its extensive agricultural knowhow and resources in assisting partner nations tackle development challenges. Life for the then year-old took on a whole new meaning as he set about getting to grips with the ins and outs of his chosen field. The most recently completed project overseen by Huang is the integrated pest management initiative aimed at combating citrus greening or Huanglongbing HLB , an insectborne bacterial disease prevalent in Central America. The initiative encompassed a number of cost-effective and practical solutions for HLB-related. A verdant green valley in Honduras is free of Huanglongbing. It also produces clean, emissions-free electricity from eight nuclear power plants in Florida, New Hampshire, Iowa, and Wisconsin. NEE boasts numerous acclamations in sustainability, corporate responsibility, ethics and compliance, and diversity. Adjusted earnings per share has grown by about 8. NextEra makes for a great cornerstone in any portfolio. Plus, it boasts a VQScore of 3. SolarEdge Technologies Inc. By inventing a more efficient way to collect and manage energy in photovoltaic systems, the company has remained on the cutting edge of the industry. Since , the company has shipped over 1 million inverters and over 30 million power optimizers worldwide. Its monitoring platform continuously tracks hundreds of thousands of installations globally. Its systems have been installed in over countries on five continents. Offerings include residential, commercial, and large-scale photovoltaic PV , energy storage and backup solutions, EV charging, home energy management, grid services and virtual power plants, batteries, and uninterrupted power supply solutions. To see a special rebroadcast of this historic event, click here. About Money Morning: Money Morning gives you access to a team of ten market experts with more than years of combined investing experience — for free. 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[John_Barton_C_Chem__FRSC]_Dust_Explosion_Prevention | Árpád Pusztaszeri -

It also gave us history. Because we could look at the veins and see crosscutting relationships of veins. We could look at the nature of the alteration around the veins, whether it remained the same or not. We could look at the minerals and the fluid inclusions. So we got history of what had gone on since the materials are deposited -- that we were looking at. Was it exciting to work in Yellowstone? Oh, it's absolutely exciting and fun, yes. I'm accused of never having worked a day in my life. Ah, the, and as we did this we were learning things about it. The questions that we had at the start -- with we were answering and the other really exciting thing was that what we were doing did have application elsewhere. Uhm, at the time I was working in Yellowstone, this wasn't my only job, I was doing experimental work first in Washington and then here and at the same time I was greatly involved with developing methods to do exploration for geothermal energy resources elsewhere and also ways of helping produce geothermal resources so that they knew what was going on. So I was going back and forth from what I could learn from drilling in geothermal systems around the world to Yellowstone and, so this was exciting to do. What was unusual about the frilling operation in Yellowstone? Well ah, that was not considered that interesting. The economics are at greater depths. You would, at that time, you wanted to have at least degrees Celsius. Today, they're working at much lower temperatures. But then degrees to were kind of optimum. They were going deep enough to get much higher temperatures, but when you drill the well, it was very expensive and to stop and do any kind of measurements in the shallow part of the system wasn't considered economic at that time. And they were also using very big drills and lots of water. So they were cooling things down, you couldn't get good temperatures in the near surface. You certainly couldn't measure pressures. So they would punch right through the shallow zone that we were interested in and go for the deep stuff and then case it off. Describe capping the well that was shown years ago on CNN, I was key to that. Ah, we put in the wells. We finished them such that the valve at the top was at below ground surface. There was a cement cellar put around it with a steel door on the top. The idea was and the actuality was we kept going back to these wells over time and measuring temperatures and pressures and sampling fluids and gases from them because with time our ability to analyze things got better and better. And people from other parts of the world came and they had other interests and different constituents and so we could give them samples. Uhm, but with time, there were a certain amount of leakages of gases containing hydrogen sulfide and some of these wells began to be attacked a little bit. And one by one we cemented them up. The Y-8 well was still open and the amount of alteration increased there and it failed. Actually the valve at the top was blown off. This was within this locked cement cellar. So in late November it happened. And so we got ah Speaker 2: What year are we in? Robert Fournier: We were in ' Speaker 2: ' Robert Fournier: '90, 92, 90 somewhere in there. Speaker 2: '92 I think. Robert Fournier: Ah, so uhm, I got a call that, well that morning, from Rick Hutchinson, and said we have a problem I need you up here. And so I was up there that night. And ah, yeah it obviously failed so uhm Speaker 2: What did you see when you got there? Robert Fournier: Well I saw a huge amount of water and steam blasting out like a jet engine from underneath this lock thing. I did get a commitment from the park service that they would do the, put up the, ah, do it without bids, essentially. I knew that there had been a problem with a slim hole like we had in Honduras, and so it was a hole drilled by a United Nations exploration. So I found out what driller had taken care of that problem. And he was actually operating out of Salt Lake City. I contacted that driller and told him the situation and asked if he would be interested in participating and whether that he had drill rig available. He was, and they did, and he also had a drill foreman that was in Idaho at that time. So the very next day, he had his foreman into Yellowstone. They used a forklift to hold the pressure -- the lid down on this pressurized cellar, undid the lock, backed off the forklift and the steam blew out like a geyser, and they were able to see that the valve had blown off. Measurements were made of exactly where the pipe was within the cellar, then with the forklift closed it up again put the lock on. So with that information, that week over the phone with the driller, we designed a piece of equipment that we thought we could force down over this erupting column, actually it was a pipe with a couple of valves on it and we wanted to lower this onto the erupting column. My peculiar major contribution was calculating what the thrust was of the fluid coming out of that well because I knew how deep the well was. I'd made pressure measurements in it, so forth, so I knew how much weight we needed on this equipment. So it was designed within a few days. We started fabrication before we even had a contract to do it. Just went ahead with it and above then I contacted the director of the survey and said, we've got to pay for this. So he decided, yes we had to do it. So anyway we went forward with it. Anyway we were being put on TV as we put this thing together. So we had the drill rig there, we had the new material there. We opened up the top, the thing erupted. We moved the new wellhead equipment over it. It came down through this erupting column, -- stopped the thing up. Then we had to go into the well with drill rods, cleaned it out because some silica deposited in there; come in with the packer. Everything worked exactly as planned. We filled it up. Also, and another thing, we had to do this so as not to interfere with the small geyser that was a few yards away. We had intersected the channel bringing the water to the geyser during the drilling so that we knew that we were in that channel of up-flow for the geyser and we dare not stop that geyser by cementing up its tube or Channel. So we pumped in just enough concrete to fill up the hole without effecting the geyser and it's ah, doing fine. Go ahead and add to what you were saying It was very important that we get this well Y-8 under control very quickly because the park service was closed temporarily while there was a transition between the summer period and the winter period. In the winder period they had to bring snow coaches in over snow with people. And so after certain point the park service could no longer plow the roads. They had to let snow accumulate. And that point was very rapidly approaching. So we had to get this thing capped before the winter season came on because if the roads got covered with snow, we couldn't bring in the rig and so on. So we had a very small period of time to do this, which we did. We got it done about two or three days before a major snowstorm was to come through. So we came through on time under budget. What about concerns about down hole pressure? When we first started into the park, our background was the pioneering work that Don White had done at Steamboat Springs. And at Steamboat he'd found that by putting cold water into the well he could more than balance the pressures that the, was heavier than the weight of the hot water and so he could control the wells very easily by just putting in cold water. Came the first well that was drilled in Yellowstone. I wasn't on that well but I heard an awful lot of it and I was very interested because I was going to have to go and sit on some of the wells afterwards. Well they were down a certain depth and when you drill the, when you pull the drill rods, you're open to the pressures underneath there. Well they had filled water, the well with cold water and were pulling the rods and suddenly the well went into eruption, unexpectedly. Well the drillers departed the drill rig very quickly, and so there it was the erupting well, Patrick Muffler, Don White. At which point the drillers rather sheepishly I'm told came back on to the drill rig and took it from there. After that, the drillers I believe had a lot more respect for the geologists involved. Now, because we found that the underground pressures, fluid pressures underground were controlled not by the weight of the overlying column of hot water but were controlled by the weight of the cold water going into the system. We found that all of the hot spring basins were very much, uhm, subject to erupting very easily, hydrothermal eruptions and others because there were, there were here, you know, really ready to go. So this also, our drilling showed us that the conditions in the Upper Geyser basin and parts of the Lower Basin were optimum for sustaining long lived hot spring activity and Geyser activity. My silica information showed that the temperature at upper basin was optimum for not depositing amorphous silica as the natural waters flowed from depth to the surface. That the silica would not deposit as amorphous silica until after it reached the surface. This meant that the system was to remain relatively open. Other minerals might deposit but it wasn't silica, which was the main mineral. So we had one, the temperatures are appropriate for not stopping up the system. And two they had enough energy to give the big Geyser eruptions that we see right now. So it really explains why Yellowstone is, why we see it as a premiere place in the world for Geyser activity. How does it compare to New Zealand? Uhm, New Zealand, it, it compares the situation as quite similar to New Zealand. We don't know as much about the deep part of this at least I don't know as much about the deep part of the system in New Zealand as they have a series of calderas. They have a series of hot spring systems. Many of them are producing from reservoirs, source areas for the springs that are about to The geothermal energy production mostly is coming from around , now it's going up to around degrees and so, ah, yeah. But the Yellowstone system was much bigger and what you need to keep the hot spring system going at Yellowstone are one, a very, very large heat source. You need a source of recharged water, which is a big snowfall that we get at Yellowstone, which we don't get at New Zealand. So we have a continuous source of water going on there as the snow melts during the season. And we have a lot of seismic activity, which keeps the system open. So that if it gets stopped up by mineral deposition, which it does at deeper parts, this seismic activity opens it up again. I still go to the web to look at how much seismic activity there is in New Zealand and elsewhere and it just doesn't have as much and it certainly doesn't have the year-round source of recharge water, and a huge amount of recharge water that Yellowstone has. And it may or may not have as high a temperature underground as Yellowstone has. How has the concept of the heat source changed over time? And different people have different thoughts about what the heat source is and how it's evolving. When I first started working at the Yellowstone, we knew that it was volcanic. Ah, even though I had met Joe Boyd as a grad, he was a grad student. I was an undergrad student. I had met him there. I knew him mostly as an experimentalist. I didn't really appreciate what he'd done in Yellowstone. So when I got to Yellowstone, we knew it was volcanic, we knew that there was heat down there but we weren't even sure whether or not there was any magma left down there. And so then it was through association with Chris that suddenly the whole concept of what was going on came into focus. Very early on, the thought was that we had magma underlying the Yellowstone caldera at fairly shallow depth. Underneath the whole darned caldera. And that was the working model he had going for. Then I got interested in how deep the water might be going and so I teamed up with Mitch Pitt here, seismologist, and we began to look at how deep the earthquakes were. At the same time, Bob Smith at Utah was doing very similar work. And so, anyway, uhm, looking at very precise locations, Mitch and I determined that seismicity was only occurring within the caldera to a depth of about four to five kilometers with then best data we had available. So this put a depth of circulation on the hydrothermal system of about four to five kilometers. So this then gave us a baseline to a look at a hydrothermal system with mostly pretty much shallow recharged by meteoric water, and it was kept open by seismic activity that only extended down to about four to five kilometers. Could you just continue on that topic? We were, we were concerned about why there was a difference between what Don White had found at Steamboat Springs Nevada and what we had found in Yellowstone. I can only speculate about Steamboat because I have not worked there. Steamboat was coming out pretty much of a granitic system. Ah, it was not experiencing a great amount of seismic activity to keep things open. It was also close to some major faults between the basin and range and the block of rock, which shows us here in Nevada Mountains. I can only speculate that the early seismicity that opened up the hydrothermal system at Yellowstone or rather at Steamboat Springs had opened up fractures in the rock but the system was not so hot that there was a lot of movement of really hot waters from underground to the shallow part of the system. So that hot water wasn't getting much hotter than about to degrees Celsius at Steamboat so it wasn't picking up enough silica to stop things up. And so for that reason, the water was able to get out of the system fairly readily without depositing a lot of silica. So the pressures in the up flow zones were controlled by the weight of the overlying hot boiling water not by the weight of the recharge water. And this is saying that the permeability of the recharge water was relatively restricted whereas the permeability along the flow path of the discharge water was really wide open. At Yellowstone it was just the reverse. The permeability and the recharge path would be kept open by deep seismicity, which was opening up things and the large amount of silica in the water was stopping up flow out of the system so that we had the reverse going on. What was the difference between steamboat and Yellowstone? Ah, a major difference between the hot spring system at Steamboat Springs, Nevada and Yellowstone is that Yellowstone is a much hotter system at depth. The drilling that has gone on at Steamboat Springs, the water that is being produced for geothermal energy is coming from source areas, which are only around degrees, something like that. And at these relatively low temperatures, there's very little material that is deposited on the discharge part of the system. At Yellowstone, we had much, much higher temperatures the water is deep, deep flowing waters there dissolve a lot more material and they begin to deposit that material as the water flows toward the surface. So things get very much stopped up. You're kind of putting a stopper or at least you're putting a, like a faucet on your water system. You have high pressures in your household water system because people have valves to close it off and so at some point you have the source area for your water, which is way off in some kind of a holding area and it flows underground and water pressures are kept high because the source area pressure is high. At Steamboat it's as if everybody opened up their valve at the same time at the surface and so water pressures are dropped. Don White ah, as Patrick noted was one of the great icons. He had studied Steamboat Springs. He had studied what was going on at the shallow part of the system. He was very, very generous with his time and his comments and so on. Uhm, he was very, very generous in coming with me to Yellowstone. And then when we were in Yellowstone working most of the time, Don would be on a well and I'd be back in Menlo Park and we'd switch places. So I wasn't with him in the field very much. But we argued a lot about what was going on. And Don most of the time was right. And uhm, Don would stick to his beliefs until he was convinced that your arguments were sound. And as soon as he determined that your arguments were sound, he was very good about saying, OK you are right and very graciously, he would say, go ahead with what you're doing. And so he was great to work with. He made you really be clear about your ideas and then if you are right, he'd say fine. If you weren't right, go back to the drawing boards. Don was just a really good scientist and a great scholar and a marvelous gentleman. Marvelous to work with. Describe collaborating during fieldwork Before Chris started to work in the park, Chris looked at all the maps, looked at the topography and drew out what he thought was going to happen. And so then talking with him in the park, we would sit down and he would sort of turn page and say, hey it is. You know this is the way it is. This is the way we thought it should be and it is the way it should be. And uhm, of course I was working in a field entirely different than Chris. Chris was doing the geology and I was working on, on the waters and so, but we had a very diverse group of people working in the park. Chris was doing the geology, which was marvelous. Don was sort of an overseer of things. Eventually working in the park, we had geophysicists come in. We had people working on the glacial picture. So Jerry Richmond was with I'm most had. And so it was just every day, we were learning something new and we're talking to each other at night about what we'd found. And it was just very marvelous to have all of this enthusiasm going on at the same time. Did you work with Ken Pierce? I know Ken. Ken didn't have any direct contact in the park during those early years. I've had more contact with Ken since then and I'm very, very impressed with what Ken was doing and then of course when I was interested in what the fluid inclusion data were telling us about hot temperatures, about seeing how well my estimates of how deep or how thick the ice would be according to what Ken would have to say and, and, ah, yes this was fine. And then also Ken became more interested in the caldera moving up and down, inflation- deflation and I became very, very interested in the deflation-inflation, ah, deflation-inflation part of the story and related that to hydrothermal activity. But that all was in the later years so not in the earlier years and so most of my activity with Ken had to do with ideas about movements of caldera up and down. What do you think of the previous portrayal of the Yellowstone story? When the people from the television group, it was an English group, that wanted to do the initial one, they approached the Park Service and asked somebody from the park Service to show them around the park when they're first writing the script. Ah, the park service suggested that they talk to me. I was going to be in the park about the same time they were at another meeting. And so I ended up showing the group, the producer and the writer, around Yellowstone to come up with the first storyline. I spent most of that time trying to talk them out of it but it was obvious they weren't going to talk, be talked out of it. So, yeah, I was involved with them there. I thought, in general, they did a pretty good job of saying, what would happen if you are willing to take their assumptions as being true. This I do not do. I disagree with their assumptions but for their assumptions, are pretty good. Any epiphanies during your career? In terms of whether I've made great discoveries while I was on a drill rig, uhm, the really great discoveries came with the first two wells that were drilled. And so, there were lots of moments where things happen but it isn't that I was in the field and suddenly realized that that something was there. A lot of my major feelings of breakthroughs actually didn't come in the field they came when I had time to reflect on what I've been doing in the field and so they came at other times but, I had a lot of really interesting times on drill rigs. One discovery we made ah, we uhm, were trying to drill with, against this fluid pressure underground and so one thing that was tried on the Y-3 drill hole and I think I misspoke earlier about saying that we drilled where the public could look at us and saying it was Y-5, no it's Y Y-3 drill hole we started to use some mud to maintain this pressure. And in spite of the mud went into eruption and so instead of having water, which cools down pretty rapidly by evaporation, mud stays hot very long. And so we were getting very hot sticky mud thrown over everything, the drill rig, the drillers, everything. And so we learned very quickly. It was a real breakthrough then that we didn't want to drill with mud. We want to strictly stay with hot water. So that was kind of interesting to do. Actually we were in a situation where we were trying to set the first major drill string. What we would do, we would drill about feet, enough pipe in the ground to set a four-inch valve at the surface and then we would drill through the valve to about feet to the point where we found our first solid rock and then try to put feet of casing in the ground and so we were only at about ten feet of pipe in the well and it went into eruption. It was throwing stuff all over the place. And we had to get back into it to get our casing in. So we had to lower the casing pipe with chain rather than the usual way of from the top of the drill rig. We had a chain around it and we're lowering it in through this four-inch pipe hoping that it wouldn't fail with the whole thing erupting the whole time we were putting this pipe into the ground. And so that was, by then the mud was all gone so it was just hot water coming out. So that was a rather exciting time to try to get that pipe into the ground at a place where the public could see what we're doing. Speaker 2: Well there was a public watching all that? Robert Fournier: The public came through every morning Speaker 2: Uhuh. Robert Fournier So the park service had decided that they were going to hold a tour in the Pocket Basin to show people a hydrothermal explosion crater. So we were also right on a road, which was a side road, Fountain Flat road, but people were going around there and it was also a road the people like to go on to see game at night and so on. And I think you have a picture of that, -- that has been given to you. So when the tour came around and when people came around to stop through. One of my main things was to talk to them about what we were doing. And very commonly their initial response was very hostile, what are you doing drilling in this park and so on. And by the time they learned what we were doing and why we were doing it and what we were learning, the response turned right around and people went away supportive. What are your personal feelings about Yellowstone? These pofiles of students' family backgound who attend public and pivate schools demonstate that school choice is a combination of paents' values towads education and thei socio-economic backgounds and capabilities. Teache pefomance Quality of teaching Quality of education is also linked to teache pefomance, specifically, the competence and quality of teaching that teaches give thei students. Teaches with impessive o highly commendable qualifications tend to teach at pivate schools instead of public schools. Thus, it can be sumised that because of teache "quality" based on cedentials ae highe in pivate schools than public schools, students in pivate schools ae getting quality education than public schools. Howeve, this assumption is dispoved in Xu's study, which detemined if teaches' cedentials tanslate to quality of teaching. The eseaches found that teaches' cedentials "shows no elationship" with students' impovement in academic pefomance Thus, teaching quality assumed to be diven by teache cedentials…… [Read More]. Economic Issues in Non-Public Schools. Economics Issues in Non-Public Schools This paper is a literature review of economic issues in non-public schools and it will mainly use information obtained from nine sources of economic literatures so highlighted in the work cited section. To begin with, this section will look at an overview of the economic subject from a general perspective, followed also by an overview of the non- public educational sector in general; the purpose of this is to give the research more in depth in terms of information about the topic of discussion. The economic issues in non-public schools that will be discussed include the issue of economies of scale and the issues of demand and supply in non-public schools. The issues will be presented in a manner stemming from the literatures that will be reviewed for this research. Economics Aristides , in his studies described economics as the study of how man tries…… [Read More]. You might have something heavy going on at home but no one asks. They're not interested. They just want you out of the school. An educational crisis exists; particularly relating to African-American students, that links to a number of factors. According to Sullivan in the published study, Deprived of Dignity. Educational Assessment Methods and Standards Participants Scoring Key Letter to Principal Principal's Questionnaire Teacher's Questionnaire aw Data It is widely known that testing and assessment have become critical components and indicators for success in today's educational system. This process is widely considered as a feasible means to improve student success and achievement as well as educational outcomes and future potential in educational pursuits and the workforce for millions of students with widely varying levels of skill and ability. Therefore, standardized assessment does not often reflect the true talents and abilities of the existing student population. Furthermore, assessment standards and testing procedures are often scrutinized for their ineffectiveness in accurately evaluating student promotion and skill development, which lead to future educational pursuits and workforce placement. The primary argument against the current methods of testing and assessment is that the established standards do not accurately reflect the true talent, skills, potential, and…… [Read More]. Inclusion and Public Schools the. Although this movement has created controversy and has seen mixed results, it has become a major force in the placement and education of children and is expected to expand in the future King, Definitions Accommodations: when an aspect of the environment or expectation has been changed so that a child with a disability can be successful at completion of a task. Constituents: a citizen who is represented in a government by officials for whom he or she votes Curriculum: the course of study offered in a school. Disability: According to the ADA of a disability is a physical or mental impairment that substantially impacts one aspect of a person's life. Inclusion: the provision of educational services to students with a full range of abilities and disabilities in the general education classroom with appropriate in-class support. General Education: a wide selection of subjects that emphasizes the acquisition of knowledge,…… [Read More]. Student Emotional Issues in K12 Public Schools Student Emotional Issues in K Public Schools When public schools do not prepare themselves to take care of Kindergarten through 12th grade students' emotional problems, they face troublesome implications. Furthermore, students suffering from emotional problems have a tendency to experience potentially, multiple-level academic challenges causally corresponding to their behavioral deficits and excesses. Problem Statement Alarmingly, an increasing number of American children have been displaying externalizing or…… [Read More]. Consolidation of Public Schools. Consolidation of Public Schools The American public school system was revolutionized sometime in the middle of the 20th century in a rather conspicuous way. The school system in many parts of the US were small entities run by communities as recently as the s. Most of these institutions only acquired the services of a single teacher. In the subsequent four decades, the number of schools in the US reduced by over Approximately two thirds of the existing schools were integrated under the consolidation program Berry, The average size of schools increased five times in the short span. Increasingly, school districts became professional entities overseen by professionals. Some of these bureaucracies were in charge of huge numbers of students. Some handled several hundreds of thousands of students. Consolidation and closure of schools is a process for the long-term because it is complex. Owing to social and cultural policy…… [Read More]. Round Schooling: Implications for the Current State of Public Education The media has recently reported an array of problems with the public education system including criticisms of teacher effectiveness, lack of funding, and continued decline in academic achievement in comparison with other nations. Schools are facing a rise in class size with reduced support in regards to materials, finances, and staff. Despite government legislation, including the No Child Left Behind Act which has received billions of dollars in funding, lack of academic achievement and closing the achievement gap are consistent problems facing the education system Koretz These current issues have been a cornerstone of the year-round school debate which focuses on increasing the instructional days for students and reducing extended vacation times. Implementation of year-round education addresses these problems including helping to improve academics, reduce the achievement gap, and decrease classroom size. According to research learning loss is a…… [Read More]. The Rising Cost of Education Introduction The socio-cultural problem of the rising cost of public and higher education is one that affects a wide range of stakeholders across multiple communities throughout the country. Education is something that allows people to develop skills, hone a craft, become more knowledgeable about various subjects, and obtain jobs that can support themselves, their families and give back to the overall economy and society. Education is thus a very important plank in how societies grow, develop and maintain stable connections and networks. Without education, a society will inevitably fester, decay and decline: individuals will lack the skills to compete with others from other parts of the world for work. Their economy and communities will collapse. Public Budgeting Public Schools Are. Property tax relief is a subject that arises when the elderly or poor struggle to meet their property tax burdens. If they are long-term residents, they can be caught up when their neighborhood sees a dramatic increase in property values. There are sometimes mechanisms that governments use in order to provide relief. Both tax credits and rebates can be used to help return some of the money paid or that is owing from eligible property owners, in order to help relieve from of the burden. This method is direct, and puts the money back into the hands of those who need it. However, this method relies on being able to determine who needs relief. People often have control over their financial situation so an inability to pay does not necessarily reflect somebody with a lack of opportunity to pay. It can be hard to qualify people for relief because of…… [Read More]. Most of our public school students lack even basic knowledge of scientific facts and mathematical concepts and their communication skills leave a lot to be desired. With such students we cannot hope to compete on a global level, not at least in the long run. This explains why more professionally qualified people from other parts of the world are so rapidly taking over American job market. Public Schools' Incorporation of Sexual Education and. Public schools' incorporation of sexual education and family planning courses have led to a decline in teen-age pregnancies. Sexual education curriculum Background of history of school incorporation Who takes the classes What is taught Perceived effects on teenagers thoughts about sexuality Knowledge of sexually transmitted disease Impact on self-esteem Peer pressure to engage in sexual acts Forms of preventing pregnancy Abstinence Forms of birth control School's role in providing information Family's role in providing information Comparison of number of teenage pregnancies from 20, 10 and 5 years ago V. Conclusion Government-funded health agencies have recorded a dramatic drop in teenage pregnancies over the past decade reaching an overall record low according to the U. Department of Health and Human Services. This decrease is related directly to the inclusion of sexual education in public junior high schools and high schools. Although sex education was first proposed in the early s, the…… [Read More]. Public Schools and Drug Use. Public school culture is fairly similar even amidst ethnically and geographically diverse schools. For example, there is prohibition of classroom prayer. Students and school staff must maintain a professional and platonic relationship at all times. Any student or school staff engaging in illegal behaviors must be reported. These are just some things that every public school must do or else face potential legal problems. That being said, the culture in the school can be split up into subcultures where the differences can clearly be seen. Cultural context has always been an important area to examine. Organizations often have their own sub-culture demonstrated by the ones working there. An example is corporate culture. Each company has its own corporate culture and corporate cultures often develop as an ethos generated and maintained by images, ritual, symbols, and social processes. Public School Students Be Required. This debate does not include the fact that peer pressure in many public schools causes families to spend much more on "street clothes" so that their kids are not embarrassed or bullied because they do not have the latest fashions. It seems clear that the argument that public school uniforms are more expensive may be difficult to prove. The second, and most often used, argument against school uniforms is that they stifle self-expression and inhibit individuality. These are normally arguments from parents of children who have not yet participated in a school uniform policy. Most parents, in my research, who have a child who goes to a public school with a uniform policy say that their child expresses their individuality and self-expression in many other…… [Read More]. Funding Public School Disparities. Public School Funding ith reports on the lower standardized test scores among the nation's students, policy makers are once again turning their attention to the issue of education reform. For many educators, one of the culprits behind this is not only the dearth of money spent on public education. Rather, the available funding is disbursed unequally, benefiting the already more affluent school districts. This paper examines the inequity that exists in funding public school education. The first part of this paper looks at examples of this unequal funding throughout the country. The next part of the paper then looks at the various reasons for these disparities, from the government level to the lack of public support. In the conclusion, this paper argues that there remains a strong need to increase public support for education funding, and to re-work the current formula used by states to determine how school funds are…… [Read More]. Private vs. Public Schools Many parents find themselves caught in a dilemma when trying to decide on which choice of education to take for their children. They ask themselves whether to take their children to private schools or public schools. For a parent to choose the ideal school for their children they always have to take into consideration all the available options. They consider things like the cost of the school, how much time they will invest as a parent, the social impact that the school have on their children based on the specific need of their children as well as the family. Private schools offer the best option for the parent who is in need of better and quality education for their children. Private schools have a nearly perfect graduation rates which market them a great deal. Their performance is better as compared to the public schools. This is…… [Read More]. It deciphers several truths and realities associated with these two systems. Another factor brought to light is the positive role played by ample resources in the betterment of private sector and the loss it has incurred to public sector education system. Parents always face this query whether they should choose a private school or public schools. They want best for their children and it is a normal perception that private schools are way better than public schools in terms of quality and academic excellence. Although problems exist in both the sectors but due to ample…… [Read More]. Bilingual Education in Public Schools. Such limitations seem necessary because of the limited resources that schools have and the need for students to learn English as soon as possible so that they can receive all the benefits of a public school education. Reflection It is evident that this issue will be present for years to come. The increase in the number of children for whom English is not their first language is an indication of the importance of this subject. It is also evident that the issue must be resolved so that all of the children in this nation are able to receive the education needed to become viable members of society. Food Served in Public Schools. Food Served in Public Schools he school nutrition environment, consisting of school meals and competitive meals, has actually properly gotten terrific attention due to the fact that kids eat, usually, one-third of their everyday calorie consumption at school Briefel et al. Improving the dietary consumption of our country's kids is of crucial value given that one-third of school-age kids are obese or overweight Ogden et al. Paper's Scope and significant areas:. Moreover, the present research concentrates on competitive meals, which are extensively readily available in schools, mostly exempt from federal nutrition criteria, and have an unfavourable influence on the wellness and health of all pupils, particularly pupils from low-income households. Research Methods:. American Public Schools Continue to. Students with various needs are crowded into the same classroom, and teachers have few resources to draw from in order to accommodate their individual needs. The most important factors in providing educational equity include improving access to educational and community services for people with special needs and for people whose first language is not English. Parents and students need to participate fully in the educational process. Also, teachers need to be aware of the specific needs of students from different cultural or linguistic backgrounds and alter curriculum accordingly. Another key factor in improving educational equity is ensuing that students who are struggling academically receive all the support they need from as early an age as possible. Rather than stick struggling students into remedial classes thereby negatively labeling them for life, educators need to stimulate their unique talents and abilities in order to help them thrive. Banning Books in Public Schools. Banning Books in Public Schools The 1st Amendment to the constitution does guarantee freedom of speech and freedom of the press. However, when children are involved, freedoms often become blurry. In some cases, they are not freedoms at all, when parents or society believes they are protecting children. One example would be the case of banning books in public schools. However, banning books in public schools is unacceptable because it deprives everyone not just children of their rights, imposes and fosters normative values, and generally harms the author. Book banning in public schools is unethical because it deprives every one of their right have the material. While the target audience may be children, there are many adults who read books that are aimed at youth. For example, Harry Potter has been read by old and young alike, and The Hunger Games has been a best seller for many months. Many…… [Read More]. Violence in the Public Schools Teen Violence. Teen violence in general has become a major concern in America today. One of the reasons for the issue being so prevalent is the number of school shootings in the last few years, especially the shooting at Columbine High in Littleton, Colorado. For one thing, teen violence is not the new phenomenon many people seem to think it is, and an analysis of our history shows that violence in the schools has always been a problem and that in fact it is diminished at the present time. In truth, though, any school violence is too much, and ways of eliminating it and protecting students in school must be found. Several "solutions" to the problem have been offered. One such recommendation is school uniforms,…… [Read More]. Homeschool a Child vs Public School. Home School vs. Public School Home schooling was once reserved for homebound students due to a number of reasons, such as rural locations, or physical conditions. Religion has also been a major reason for home schooling. Today, however, many parents are choosing home schooling over public schools for variety of reasons and statistics show that for the majority it has proven to be the right choice. This is 1. During the last two decades there has been a steady increase of parents choosing home schooling…… [Read More]. Half of Public School Children live in Poverty. Moore has a valid point, made even more urgent by the fact that more than half of the students in American public schools ". Hence, this paper proposes working with the federal government, with states, and with private sector corporations to properly fund all public schools, in particular those that serve towns and cities steeped in abject…… [Read More]. Diversity Public school teachers are disproportionately white, middle-class females, in spite of the student body becoming increasingly diverse across the nation. As many as ninety percent of grade school teachers are white, but as many as thirty percent of students are persons of color, according to an article by Christine I. In order to correct this imbalance and provide students of color with an enriched learning environment, a group of researchers designed and implemented a program at several Indiana University campuses to recruit, support, and help graduate students of color in an educational tract. Education Scenario The initial conflict at Lakeside was due to the high suspension rate, and after six years in the principal's chair, Mr. Downey apparently was not competent to rectify the situation. Downey had been in the district 40 years and that is too long for an administrator to be up- to-date with schools, kids, and social dynamics that surround public schools. Hence, one could pin blame on the district for not replacing Mr. Downey earlier with a younger, more energetic, more contemporarily adroit individual. Bottom line: the district was responsible for the conflict. This was an outrageous violation of decorum and…… [Read More]. Improving Eating Choices in Public Schools. A sample letter to the editor of the Philadelphia Inquirer concerning the alarming prevalence of childhood obesity in the Philadelphia community in general and inner-city communities in particular is provided below. Dear Editor, Public school students in Philadelphia need healthier choices in school cafeterias. As many people in Philadelphia already know, the prevalence of childhood obesity in our community is at near-epidemic levels. Mann v Gatto the Early Public School. Mann v. Gatto The early public school reformer Horace Mann celebrated the institution of the public school as a profoundly democratizing force in American life. Mann believed that without public schooling, America could not become a true democracy. Public schooling enabled even the children of paupers to work hard and to gain a foothold in the middle class Badolato Schools could provide students with technical expertise which would also make for a more productive society and also a more equitable society. Mann's philosophy is still seen today in the discourse about education, when it is bemoaned that so many students graduating college with liberal arts degrees are not 'marketable' despite their high levels of college debt. Instead of teaching learning for learning's sake, Mann believed that education had a social mission to empower people economically. In contrast, the contemporary conservative educational theorist John Taylor Gatto views the public educational…… [Read More]. Charter Schools vs Public Schools. If these people control everything, their agenda will very likely inform the type of schooling that is provided to young people. If parents do not want their children to be educated according to the agenda of the oligarchy, they should have the option of providing alternative schooling, such as homeschooling, charter schools, and so on. I would personally favor homeschooling because I like to be in control of education myself, but having time for it can be difficult if you are already working full time, so charter schools would be another option. Finding a school that is safe…… [Read More]. TAPE V. HURLEY Exclusion of cildren of non-wite races from public scools was a major cause of concern for immigrants in late 18t century and for te first alf of te 19t century. Te issue reaced its peak wen in wen Josep and Mary Tape sougt admission in a public scool for teir U. In tose days, Cinese immigrants were seen in a negative ligt especially in California, as tey were considered "dangerous to te well-being of te state. Te court ruled tat cildren of all nationalities and races could seek admission in public scools except tose of "filty or vicious abits. Collective Bargaining in Illinois Public Schools. The policy paper discusses how teachers unions take advantage of the collective bargaining process in Illinois by working with school boards. The school board members are elected thanks in part to the campaign funds provided by the unions. Taxpayers are left in the dark about much of this because of the misleading communications provided them by the unions. It will provide…… [Read More]. Zero Tolerance Policies in Public Schools. Education: The Intolerance of Zero Tolerance Zero Tolerance Policies in Public Schools One has only to turn on the television, log onto the Internet, or glance at a newspaper to see that violence is everywhere in our society. The nightly news is dominated by one act of depravity after another: murders, rapes, and violent assaults, among others. Hate crimes send shockwaves through seemingly peaceful communities. A cross is burned in a field, a Jewish cemetery is ransacked, the tombstones broken and covered with swastikas, a gay college student is crucified on a fence, left to die by his homophobic classmates, and a Black man is dragged behind a speeding car. Such horrific incidents seem almost commonplace. Mutual intolerance of one group for another breeds hatred and cruelty. People today appear quick to anger and even quicker to react Stabbings and shootings and bloody assaults are as frequent as fights on…… [Read More]. School Choice Throughout the Nation the American. School Choice Throughout the nation the American public has clamored for school change and reform. One of the alternatives that has moved to the forefront of the arena is the ability of parents to choose the public school that their children will attend without geographic boundaries and mandates. Experts continue to debate whether or not school choice ability will force the hand of the public school system to make the desired changes. Some believe that parents having the ability to move their children to the school of their choice will force all schools to improve to compete, while others think it will harm the economically disadvantaged schools with little benefit to the then overcrowded wealthy schools. This paper presents a research proposal that addresses the question of school choice. This might include the choice to choose a different public school, choose to home school, and choose private school or another…… [Read More]. Public Partnership in Serving Transitional. By bringing into the equation of transitional services the special needs personnel at local colleges and vocational institutions, the interagency agreement described here will ensure that upon the student's eventual arrival at one such institution, there will be people familiar with his case and prepared to accommodate his needs. These respective agency types can then help a disabled student to train a focus on the specific career goals which have been identified either with the assistance of counselors. Using the Strategic Planning Meeting as a method to identifying willing and helpful stakeholders in the process, the public partnership in question relies heavily on such networking to both orient the community toward our collective goals and to foster natural communication between such agencies at a personal level. By inviting and bringing into contact such groups as decision-makers from local law organizations, leaders from public recreation leagues and university personnel, as well…… [Read More]. Schools in the Future. Schools in the 21st century are very different from the one-room schoolhouses that once dotted the American landscape. Today a single school can house thousands of students at various grade levels and many schools integrate the latest technologies into their curriculums. With this being understood, it will be interesting to see how school curriculum will change in the future. The purpose of this discussion is to examine how schools will change in the future as it pertains to technology. The discussion will also focus on the introduction of schools as social anchors, that are both moral and purposeful. Schools of the future Indeed technology will continue to play a large role in schools of the future. Educators will continue to incorporate technology into the curriculum. According to Caldwell and Hayward "schooling at the upper secondary level will become more complex and diverse, with multiple providers; combined with advances made…… [Read More]. School Clinics Affects on Students. Utilization of the data and collection of the data should be one of the main aims of the policy makers. The data can be used by the policymakers in order to develop the policies and implement these in order to make sure that improvement can be ensured Basch, , p. One of the main roles that can be played by the policy makers includes reviewing the policies that have already been designed for the schools. How these previous policies have played roles in an improvement of academics of the children, their environments and their health are important parts of the review by the policymakers. It is important that funding is collected for the issues that affect health and academics of children. The policymakers should make sure that the importance of school-based health clinics that can play roles in looking after the needs of the students. Great levels…… [Read More]. School Finance Its Economics and Politics. School Finance: Its Economics and Politics School financing in America Revenue sources for federal and state governments Judicial reviews of school finance policy with evolving standards of equality School-based decision making Family choice of schooling Reform of schooling-finance Providing equality in educational opportunities to all is one of the cornerstones of American democracy. The founding fathers of America were aware of the necessity of having a population, which is educated since it enables an opportunity for all the citizens of the country to be successful. The necessity and the desire to create an environment where all children have equal opportunities for education to achieve success are now creating fundamental challenges in the field of education in America. In the 20th century, the issues which concerned school finance was about dealing with how to overcome fiscal disparities with the use of state and federal resources within a public school system. The…… [Read More]. School Superintendent's Communication Within the. It raises the need for both written and verbal communication skills to reach an optimum level that can persuade and cajole. It is believed by many experts that this economic role will become more important in future years and that in order to achieve the status of superintendent, a candidate will have to display some experience or education in that field to ensure board members that he or she is capable of representing the district well Thomas, With Administrators, Staff and Teachers School superintendents face a new level of issues when dealing with these three groups of employees, and it is very important how the man or woman in that position communicates layoffs, curriculum changes, school closures, firings, or an order to re-apply for their jobs, as has been done now in a significant number of districts around the country. One of the superintendent's first priorities is to get…… [Read More]. Schools and Education Over the Last Several. Schools and Education Over the last several years, the field of education has been facing tremendous challenges. This is because of shifts in how they address a host of issues and there are changing demographics of students. These are all signs of broader social implications which are having an effect on individual performance and their ability to adapt with a variety of situations. Rury, Evidence of this can be seen with observations from Rury who said, "e live in a time of considerable social and political turmoil, marked by economic uncertainty that has directly touched the lives of millions of Americans. Deep divisions and critical problems, as a range of issues are debated fervently, extending from economic policy, to poverty and inequality. If there is anything everyone seems to agree upon it the growing importance of education for the future. School Choice Has Been a. These issues of professionalism and innovation seem to be a major problem in many public schools in America. In recent years these issues have come to light as teachers have been disciplined and even fired for their interactions with students that have been unprofessional and even criminal at times. Teachers have an ethical responsibility to act professionally and when they fell to do so the ability of students to excel academically is also compromised. The aforementioned authors also mention the lack of innovation that often occurs as a result of using democratic methods. One of the reasons why school choice is even an issue is because the curriculums that have been implemented in public schools lack variety. Part of the reason for this lack of innovation has to do with bureaucracy and government mandates such as the No Child Left Behind Act. This particular act stifles innovation because many teachers…… [Read More]. School-Based Bullying Prevention Programs the. They predict age and gender variations relate to bullying concerns. Of the 25 cartoons implemented in the study, two depict characters with different shades of skin color where skin color appeared to be an issue. One cartoon relating to sexual orientation was not used in several countries. Smith et al. It is aggressive behavior or intentional "harmdoing" 2. In an interpersonal relationship characterized by an imbalance of power. Listed and selected bullying terms as well as social exclusion in the applicable language. Used fundamental focus groups with participating children to confirm usage and extensive comprehensive of terms. Using cartoons, sorted tasks to…… [Read More]. School Choice and the Dropout. Her point is to get support for her views, and she did, because three months after she wrote this piece there was a rally at the State Capitol in Austin where 5, people called for school choice in front of the Capitol building. Therefore, her words helped people make up their minds and seek action from their legislators. However, she failed to convince the legislators, who did not even address school choice during the legislative session Editors. Either this means that the legislators are not listening to the will of the people, or that her rhetoric failed to gain their support. The media has certainly picked up this issue, and it is an issue all around the country, not just in Texas. The Milwaukee school district has had a voucher system like this for over sixteen years, and it has proven to be a money saving plan for taxpayers,…… [Read More]. School and Society the Evolution. This Conant warned was the seed of revolution and the only manner in which to change this reality, he warned was through educational opportunity, "the chances of a nonrevolutionary development of our nation in the…… [Read More]. School Leadership Monroe Lorraine Monroe planned every aspect of her public school's curriculum like a battle, including creating an atmosphere of order from day one, founded on 'non-negotiable' rules. Students who failed to meet expectations were immediately targeted and given extra tutoring. Clear benchmarks were set for the school in terms of meeting goals of passing standardized exams and getting students into college. For example, fifteen 7th graders passed the New York high school Regents Exam, thanks, Monroe says, to the stringent goals she made for the math department. In response to criticisms that she cherry-picked her student body, Monroe is proud -- she says the sense of specialness her students feel about their achievements, is part of the reason her school has succeeded. Monroe speaks passionately about her own anger as a child when she felt that expectations for her own academic success were set too low, thus she refuses to show such…… [Read More]. Public Administration Policy Reform Supporting. This system is stated to be flawed as "The school board members have a vested interest in the success of the existing local school system and are reluctant to introduce a competitor into the marketplace, said charter school supporters. CATO Institute. School Bullying Plan. School Legal Entanglement Plan This Legal Entanglement Plan seeks to examine the policies, programs, strategies, and practices of a particular school with respect to its moral, legal, and ethical implications. The plan is developed based on a three-step process that will help in addressing the issue that could potentially become a liability or legal entanglement if left unaddressed. The plan will help in addressing the issue since it will be communicated to appropriate stakeholders. Step 1 — Analysis Moral and Legal Issues in School Strategies One of the moral, ethical or legal issue facing Carson Elementary School in West Price and could escalate into a legal entanglement is school bullying, which poses significant threats on the welfare and well-being of students. Carson Elementary School recognizes that…… [Read More]. Public School Finance the Williams Case. Williams Case Settlement Mr. Governor, our youth represents our state's future - addressing and correcting the discrepancies that will be addressed in this memo should be a main priority and maybe even the ultimate objective of the Williams Class action lawsuit educational budget adjustments. The Courts have spoken and have obviously concurred that the California Educational System has been broken for quite some time and is in need of serious financial reform. The decision reached by the courts in the Williams' Class action lawsuit affirms the requirement of the State's obligation to provide an adequate educational process for this state's citizens. The Williams' Class action lawsuit has become a successful demonstration that points out the blearing differences between an education received by our states rich and poor children when it comes to a K. Schools and Parents Effective Staff. And when the parent comes to an event held in the classroom, it makes good sense to have interpreters available, and "invite the extended family," which of course is a very welcoming act of kindness and good judgment. The other parent in this list of "types" is the "Busy Parent," who is a person with a work schedule that is hard to get a hold of, or plan meetings for. Get the cell phone number of parents like this, and the email addresses, and "continue to send home their children's work on a regular basis, including writing samples, artwork, and test copies" - and even consider taking digital photos of class activities and attaching those pictures to emails that go to parents. On a more serious note, the literature on school administration duties as far as training staff to be parent-active and family-friendly offers an article called "here's the Ministry…… [Read More]. School Budget Is Designed the. The district will be advised of any lack of budget approval with specific recommendations on necessary corrective revisions. Key Budget Terminology There are numerous terminologies with regard to the school district budget. The most important budget terminologies are evenue The revenue is the money received by the school district within an accounting year. A fund is part of the revenue and there are four sources of revenue for the school district and this include: Local source, Intermediate source, state, and Federal sources. Expenditures Expenditures are the expenses that the school district must fulfill within an accounting year. Part of the school district expenditures are the payment of teachers' salary, and travel expenses for…… [Read More]. The author of the article, "Achieving the Challenge: Meeting Standards in the Continuation High School" Stits, related that "prior to , many continuation high schools existed in districts where expectations were limited to keeping the students in school as much as possible," and also the ideas was to keep those continuation students "away from the traditional high school campus. But eventually, the image of continuations schools in California changed, as communities more and more were trying to prevent school dropouts, and the need for a high school diploma became more important, as well, Stits writes.

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