22 NOTICIAS DE GALAPAGOS No. 48

Puerto Grande y Sappho Cove - This tiny cove lives in a xeric area of eastern San Crist6bal is one of near RocaLe6n Dorrnido has a beach and provides an the most secure in the Archipelago, in part due to opportunity to see large cactus (Opuntia) and other diligent research and management activities coastal plants. conducted by Park personnel for more than a decade. La Lober(a - A favorite site to view the sea lions This is not a visitor site. near the port. Islote Pitt - Many sea birds nest on this small Isla Lobos - One hour by boat from Pto. Baquerizo Island. Moreno is a rock named for the sea lions that Jacinto Gordillo G., Delegado Cantonal INGALA· congregate here. During the nesting season Blue­ Isabela, Puerto Villamil, Isla Isabela, Galapagos, footed Boobies are conspicuous here. Ecuador; and Arnrit Work Kendrick, Perth, La Galapaguera - The population of tortoises that Western Australia.

GALAPAGOS ISLAND NAMES

By: John M. Woram

In any attempt to sort out all the names that have entry (p. 14). been applied to this or that island in the Galapagos In fact, Cowley lost his onsite Galapagos notes in Archipelago, one usually begins with William August 1684, when he left Captain Ambrosia Cowley, who visited the Islands in 1684. and the Batchelors Delight to join Captain John According to no less an authority than himself, he Eaton aboard the Nicholas . In an entry for that month " ...being the ftrst that came to an Anchor there, did he writes " .. .I got neither my Journall which I had give them all distinct Names." Or so he claims in the kept from Virginia, nor more than my quadrant." All much-edited printed edition (Cowley 1699) of his else was left behind. So at some point after this date handwritten journal (Cowley ca. 1690). In the journal he rewrote the lost journal from memory, and then itself, Cowley is more restrained: " ...there being in began making more-or-Iess daily entries in a new Number 15 Hands that I have Seen: I have Named 8 journal. At ftrst glance, these might appear to begin of them." on page 28, where for the ftrst time the day is noted Of the ftrst of these eight, Cowley writes that (December 22, 1684), a practice which continues "This island maketh high Land, the which I called throughout the rest of the journal. However, it is not King Charles's Island." Tradition has it that this is until page 71 that the journal reaches the time when the Island now known offtcially as Santa Maria and Cowley learned of James' accession to the throne popularly as Floreana. According to the journal, the (although this point is not actually mentioned). Since other seven were: "Duke of Yorks Hand but now by the journal is only 116 pages in its entirety, it's a safe the Grace of God King James the Seconds nand, bet that the entire manuscript now preserved at the DukeofNorfolks, Duke of Albemarles, Lord Norris 's, British Library was written after October 1686, when Lord Wainmans, Ld Culpeppers, and Cowlys [sic]." its author ftnally returned to England; rummaged The change from Yorks to James reminds us that the through his various notes, shipboard journals, and Galapagos segment of Cowley's journal was written earlier recollections; put things in chronological order; after the fact, for it was not until the death of Charles and changed Yorks to James. II in February 1685 that the Duke of York became To return now to the details of Island names, King James II. Cowley did not hear of Charles' death Cowley writes of King Charles Island that "we having until late in December of the same year, according to the Wind at South, and being on the Northside his printed edition. Therefore, unless Ambrosia was thereof, ... we could n()t sail to get to it, to discover the Jeanne Dixon of his era, the "by the Grace of what was upon it." Yet in the journal of Cowley's God" remark could not have been written much more-famous shipmate, (ca. 1690) before 1686, even though it appears as a June 1684 describes anchoring "at the Easter Side of the December 1989 NOTICIAS DE GALAPAGOS 23

Eastermost nand in 16 Fathom water, hard Sand a also plenty of Brooks of good Fresh-water" (Dampier mile from the Shoare. Capt. Eaton came to a mile to 1703). In 1712, Captain also writes Leward of us and one of the Prizes gott to anchor at in hisA Cruising Voyage Round The World ofCaptain the north End of the nand, but the other two could not Davis, and of "the Island S. Marfa de l' Aquada, fetch in. There wee went a Shoare ...." reported to be one of the Gallapagos, where [according The "prizes" were ships captured a few weeks to Davis] there is Plenty of good Water" (Rogers earlier, and-assuming both journals are reasonably 1712). Although Rogers doesn't have much accurate-the contradiction would be resolved if confidence in Davis, the description does fit the Cowley had earlier been placed in temporary present Santa Marfa, which is indeed west of San command of one of those vessels that "could not Crist6bal. West of Santa Marfa is the barren southern fetch in." Indeed, someone must have been placed in end of Isabe1a, an Island known to Cowley and charge of each prize, since we can hardly expect the Dampier although they did not reach this end of it. captives would have followed theBatchelors Delig ht Rogers' opinion of Captain Davis eventually found and Nicholas of their own free will. As master of the its way to a Galapagos chart published by Harris Batchelors Delight, Cowley would have been alogical (1744). At the bottom of the chart we read that choice for the job. And if so, this answers the Captain Rogers "was deceived by one Capt. Davis's question of how Dampier did, and Cowley didn't, account of these Islands." The chart still turns up land at that first Island. every now and then, often with coloring added. It is A casual glance at a modern map (see back cover almost identical to a 1699 H. Moll chart which of Noticias) suggests that Santa Marfa could not appears in Cowley's book, except the Moll chart possibly be the first Island observed (and named) credits the discovery of the Islands to Captain John under the conditions described by both writers. Eaton, even though Cowley was still aboard the Although the shipmates of Cowley and Dampier Batchelors Delight (or as noted, in charge of one of were noted for their prowess at the rum keg, they the prizes) when the Islands were first seen and would have had to be blind drunk or asleep (perhaps named. At that time, the captain of the Batchelors both) to sail between the present Espanola and San Delight was . When he died shortly Crist6bal without seeing either one of them. As a thereafter, Edward Davis was elected by the crew to further consideration, Dampier's description of the fill the vacancy. Was Cowley peeved at losing an anchorage does not fit the rocky eastern coast of election? He says nothing of this, but perhaps such an Santa Marfa, where the modern visitor finds not hard event had something to do with his decision to try his sand a mile from shore, but rather, Champion, luck with Eaton, and led to giving Eaton the credit on Enderby, Caldwell, Gardner, and Watson protruding the 1699 chart. In any case, the Harris chart restores from the water. Surely, Dampier and/or Cowley credit to Cowley, who is now identified as Capt. would have noticed them too. Cowley. At this point, it seems clear (to me, at least) that A map of South America from the same period, Cowley's Charles is none other than the present San again by Moll (ca. 1700), shows two distinct and Crist6bal, and that it could not possibly be Santa separate Islands labeled St. Marfa de l'Aquada and Marfa. To support this contention, Dampier's K. Charles I., respectively. The formeris signifIcantly description of the anchorage does fit this general displaced westward of its true position, perhaps in area, as does Cowley's "it makeing high Land and reaction to Dampier's retelling of Davis 's visit there. low Land" (or just "high Land" in the printed work). The map suggests that the separate identities of these In either case, Cowley's remark rules out Espanola, Islands were known in the years immediately which is low land only. following the visits by Cowley, Dampier, Davis, and Dampier further reinforces the case for being Eaton. nowhere near Santa Marfa, by mentioning a later The subsequent mix-up came about as an voyage of Captain Edward Davis, who "went to other inadvertent error introduced by Captain James Islands on the West-side of these. There he found Colnett, who visited the area in the merchant ship 24 NOTICIAS DE GALAPAGOS No. 48

Rattler in June 1793. Carrying on the literary tradition thought to be several islands or, several islands of his forbears, Colnett wrote his Voyage to the South including Isabela, Santa Maria, and others? Perhaps Atlantic and Round Cape Horn into the Pacific we shall never know, but in any case the orientation Ocean (1798). In his Chapter VI, "The Gallipagoe of the group-and perhaps of the entire chart-is Isles," Colnett clearly describes and positions the skewed sufficiently to make any definitive statement Islands known today as San Cristobal and Espanola. a risky business. However, he does not realize that San Cristobal is in Torres and Colnett were followed in 1813 by fact Cowley's Charles: "As I could not trace these David Porter in the American frigate Essex. Not to be isles, by any accounts or maps in my possession, I outdone by his British predecessors, Porter named one Chatham Isle, and the other Hoods Island" contributed his Journal 0/ a Cruise Made to the and for those who have trouble following things, he Pacific Ocean (Porter 1815) to the literature, and the helpfully adds "after the Lords Chatham and Hood." name of Porter's to the Island now known as Santa A 1798 Galapagos chart by A. Arrowsmith is found Cruz. Actually the ship's chaplain, the Reverend in Colnett's book, and this may mark the first place Adams, did the honors, on not recognizing it as in which Cowley's Charles is applied by mistake to Cowley's Duke of Norfolks Island. Porter had the present Santa Maria. Colnett's chart with him, on which is seen but a The mix-up did not escape the attention of James fragment of Norfolk; no doubt not enough to help Burney. In Volume IV of his 1816A Chronological him recognize Adams' error. Or perhaps he did History o/Voyages and Discoveries in the South Seas recognize it but rather liked the idea of seeing his own (Burney 1816), he writes of an Island (Santa Maria) name on a chart. In any case, Porter's name didn't that Colnett "appears to have mistaken for the King stick, and it is not seen on any map but his very own, Charles's Island of Cowley's chart. On comparing which appears in the second American edition (1822) Captain Colnet's [sic] chart with Cowley's, it is of his work, and again in a much-abridged edition evident that Captain Colnet has given the name of published in England as A Voyage to the South Seas Lord Chatham's Isle to Cowley's King Charles (1823). In this edition, a previously unnamed island Island." To reinforce the point, Burney inserts an (probably Rabida) is labeled "Phillips's I.," with no Island to the lower center of Cowley's chart. A note explanation given. Perhaps none is needed; the below the chart states that "The Island Santa Maria de edition was published by Sir Richard Phillips & Co. I' Aquada, according to the situation from Albemarle (See the previous issue of Noticias for comment [Isabela] Island, is added from the Chart published about the actual location of Porter's Bainbridge's by Mr. Arrowsmith." The general outline is identical Rocks.) to the Charles Island group seen in the Arrowsmith Twenty-two years later (1835) the most famous chart. To summarize, Burney has correctly placed visitor of them all arrived, sailing in the company of the Island of Santa Maria, and restored Charles to its Captain Robert FitzRoy. While Charles Darwin rightful place. busied himself with other matters, Captain FitzRoy Colnett's survey came just a few months after a worked on a superb chart of the Islands, which visit by Don Alonso Torres y Guerra, Captain of the surpasses all the others in detail and accuracy. Spanish frigate Santa Gertrudis. Don Alonso prepared However, and although FitzRoy also thought that a very rough sketch during a visit that lasted from 18 Charles was in reality San Cristobal (Grant 1975), his to 21 March 1793 (Torres y Guerra 1793). An chart did carry on the Colnett error, and in so doing enhanced copy of his chart was drawn in Lima in perhaps legitimized it for posterity. 1794 by Tomas de la Cruz Doblado and names 13 of Another writer of some note, Herman Melville, the Islands (Cruz Doblado 1794). However it is visited the Islands in 1841 and later wrote The difficult if not impossible to recognize any of them. Encantadas, or Enchanted Isles (Melville 1854). What might be the largest Island, now Isabela, is Melville mentions a few of the British (i.e., Cowley labeled Cordillera de Islas (note plural) de Santa and Col nett) names and invents two of his own; Getrudia. Is this actually Isabela, which Torres McCain's Beclouded Isle and Wood's Isle. December 1989 NOTICIAS DE GALAPAGOS 25

Fortunately for posterity, Herman did not draw a 17931794. In J. Colnett, A Voyage to the South map. Atlantic and Round Cape Horn into the Pacific With the possible exception of William Beebe, Ocean. W. Bennett, London. Reprinted 1968, who reproduced Burney's adaptation of Cowley's Nico Israel, Bibliotheca Australiana #36, chart in his 1924 Galapagos: World's End (Beebe Amsterdam. 1924) but did not identify the source, it would seem Arrowsmith,1. 1839. Galapagos Islands. By the that the world of cartography has followed the path Officers of H.M.S. Beagle. 1835. In R. FitzRoy, from Cowley to FitzRoy, via Colnett. In travel Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His literature Cowley is now all but forgotten, while Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle. Volume Dampier is still widely admired as one of the world's 2. London. finest travel writers. As for who named what, this Beebe, W. 1924. Galapagos: World's End. G.P. information has also faded with the passage of the Putnam's Sons, The Knickerbocker Press, New centuries. Although many of the old names remain, York. their origins are almost forgotten. Beebe, W. 1926. The Arcturus Adventure: An In 1892, Ecuador-having formally claimed the Account of the New York Zoological Society'S Islands in 1832-now formally renamed 13 of them First Oceanographic Expedition. G.P. Putnam's in honor of various aspects in the history of-of all Sons, The Knickerbocker Press, New York. people-ChristopherColumbus. The old Santa Maria Blondeau. ca. 1780. Amerique Meridionale. de I' Aquada, honoring a drink of water, became the British Admiralty. 1841. Galapagos Islands Surveyed new Santa Maria, now honoring one of the great by Capt. Robt. Fitz Roy R.N. and the Officers of admiral's vessels. As already noted, the locals prefer H.M.S. Beagle, 1836. British Admiralty Chart to call it Floreana, although on just about every map #1375, London. in existence the British name of Charles still appears British Admiralty. 1899. Pacific Ocean: Anchorages as well. I suppose it doesn't matter any more, what in the Galapagos Islands; Approaches to Wreck with all those other names, but it would be rather nice Bay, Surveyed by Commander J. Wood, H.M.S. to see Charles again restored to his proper place, if Pandora, 1849. British Admiralty Chart #1376, only to honor our old friend Ambrosia Cowley, who London. started all the confusion so very long ago. Brosset, A. 1963. La reproduction des oiseaux de Since 1684, it seems that just about every visitor mer del iles Galapagos en 1962. Alauda 31:81- has brought along a new set of names, and at least one 109. Island has collected some 11 of them (one or two of Bureau of the American Republics. 1894. Ecuador. dubious origin): Carenero, Dukes, Gil, James, Bureau of the American Republics, Washington, Olmedo, San Bernardo, San Marcos, San Salvador, DC, Bulletin No. 64, 1892 [Revised to April 1, Santiago, Tabac, and Yorks. And then there's the 1894]. one with no name at all-Sin Nombre. Burney, J. 1816. A Chronological History of the A final note: to add still more confusion to the Voyages and Discoveries in the South Sea or matter of who named what, some recent accounts Pacific Ocean. Vol. 4. G. & W. Nicol, London. have attributed the journal of Dampier to Cowley, Cabello Balboa, M. 1584. Miscelanea Austral. and Cowley's own journal to Davis. But in fact, Collins, W. 1974. Untitled chart of Galapagos Davis was probably illiterate; when captured some Islands. In M. Harris, A Field Guide to the Birds years later in Virginia, he signed various court of Galapagos. William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd., depositions (Public Record Office 1688) with a London. sometimes-inverted letter "E." Colnett, J. 1798. A Voyage to the South Atlantic and LITERATURE, MAPS, AND CHARTS CITED Round Cape Horn into the Pacific Ocean .... W. Arrowsmith, A. 1798. Chart of the Galapagos, Bennett, London. Reprinted 1968, Nico Israel, Surveyed in the Merchant -Ship Rattler, and Drawn Bibliotheca Australiana, #36, Amsterdam. by Capt: James Colnett, of the Royal Navy in Cooke, E. 1712. A Voyage to the South Sea, and 26 NOTICIAS DE GALAPAGOS No. 48

Round the World, Perfonn'd in the Years 1708, Monde sur la Fregate La Venus. Paris. 1709, 1710, and 1711, by the Ships Duke and Duperrey, L.J. 1822. Carte des lIes Gallapagos Dutchess of Bristol. 2 volumes. Reprinted 1969, d' apn!s Ie observationes faites par Vancouver en Nico Israel, Bibliotheca Australiana #51-52, 1791, par Davidson et Ie Capt. B. Hall en 1822. Amsterdam. Hyd. Fr. No. 725 No. 42. Cowley, W.A. ca. 1690. Journal of a voyage round Flerning,B. 1894. Map of Ecuador (with Galapagos the World, 1683-1686. British Library, Sloane inset). In Bureau of the American Republics, Mss. 1050 and 54, London. [The latter appears to Ecuador, Bulletin No. 64. be a copyist's version of the fonner.] FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of tho Surveying Cowley, W.A. 1699. Cowley's Voyage Round the Voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Globe. In A Collection of Original Voyages, Beagle. Volume 2. London. Published by Capt. William Hacke. James Fuente F., V. 1748. Nueva y Correcta Carta del Mar Knapton, London. Pacifico 0 del Sur. Cruz Doblado, T. de lao 1794. Carta Espherica que Gerbault, A. 1930. In Quest of the Sun: The Journal comprehende una parte del Archipielego de los of the "Firecrest." Hodder and Stoughton, London. Galapagos. Museo Naval, Madrid. Grant, P.R. 1975. Four Galapagos Islands. Cruz Doblado, T. de lao n.d. [Not dated]. Carta Geographical Journal 141(1, March):76-91. Espherica. Museo Naval, Madrid. Hack, W. 1685. A description of the Islands of Dampier, W. ca. 1690. William Dampier's second Gallappagos, delineated exactly according to the voyage into the South Seas with Capt. Cook .... prescription of Mr. William Ambrose Cowley. British Library Dept. of Manuscripts, Sloane, British Library, Dept. of Manuscripts, Add. 5414, 3236, fol. 29-233, London. 27, London. Dampier, W. 1703. A New Voyage Round the Hack, W. 1687. A general draught of the Islands of World. Vol. I, 5th edition. James Knapton, Gallapagos; then followeth the said Islands London. described severally ... originally described by Defense Mapping Agency, Washington, DC. William Ambrose Cowley. British Library Dept. 22ACO 22000, Archipielago de Colon (Galapagos of Manuscripts, Sloane, 45, part ii, fol. 38v-67r, Islands); 22XCO 22521 Isla San Cristobal & London. Approaches; 22XCO 22523 Approaches to Canal Harris, J. 1744. The Gallapagos Islands Discovered de Santa Fe; 22XCO 22524 Isla Espanola (Hood and Described by Capt. Cowley in 1684. In Island) & Approaches; 22XCO 22526 Isla Santa Navigantium atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca. Or, Maria & Approaches; 22XCO 22528 Southern a complete collection of voyages and travels ... Coast of Isla Santa Cruz including Isla Santa Fe; Originally published in Two Volumes ... By John 22XCO 22529 Isla Isabela to Isla Santa Maria; Harris ... Now Carefully Revised ... to the 22XCO 22531 Southern Approaches to Canal de PresentTime .... Printed for T. Woodward,etal., Pinzon; 22XCO 22533 Western Approach to Bahia vol. 1, p. 79, London. Isabel; 22XCO 22541 Bahia Isabel & Approaches; Hooker. 1822. Gallapagos Islands. In D. Porter, 22XCO 22542 Western Approach to Estrecho de Journal of a Cruise. Wiley and Halsted, New Bolivar; 22XCO 22551 Isla Pinta & Isla Marchena. York. de Gueydon, H.L., Compte. 1846. Exploration made Instituto Oceanografico de la Annada. lOA 20 in August and September, 1946, by Capt. de Archipielagode Colon; lOA 20211 Bahia Sullivan, Gueydon Commander of the BrigLe Genie. [Cited Isla Bartolome. in Slevin 1959.] Jackson, M.H. 1985. Galapagos: A Natural History Delisle, G. 1720. Hemisphere Occidental. Guide. University of Calgary Press, Canada. Delisle, G. 1722. Carte D' Amerique dressee pour Johnson, Captain and Mrs. Irving. 1936. Westward l'usage du Roy. Bound in the Schooner Yankee. W.W. Norton & du Petit-Thouars, A. 1841. Voyage Autour du Co., New York. December 1989 NOTICIAS DE GALAPAGOS 27

Lanza, B. 1974. Le Isole Gahipagos con 1a Spedizione Richard Phillips and Co., London. Mares-G.R.S.T.S. all' Arcipelagodi Colombo. Public Record Office. 1688. The Examination of Istituto Geografico Militare, Firenze. Edward Davis (at James Town Gaol, in his Larrea, C.M. 1973. El Archipielago de Colon Majesty's Colony of Virginia, and related (Galapagos): Descubrimiento, Exploraciones documents). British Public Record Office CO 1/ Cientificas y Bibliografia de las Islas. Editorial 65 fol. 97-104. Jose M. Cajica Jr., S.A., Puebla, Mexico. Reynolds, J.N. 1835. Voyage of the United States Leveque, R. 1964. Notes sur la Reproduction des Frigate Potomac under the Command of oiseaux aux iles Galapagos. Alauda 32(2):81-96. Commodore John Downes, during the Melville, H. 1854. The Encantadas, or Enchanted Circumnavigation of the Globe, in the Years 1831, Isles. Published serially in the March, April, and 1832,1833 and 1834. Harper and Brothers, New May, 1854 issues of Putnam 's Monthly Magazine York. under the pseudonym Salvator R. Tarnmoor. Robinson, W.A. 1936. Voyage to Galapagos. Mercator, G. 1569. Nova et aucta orbis terrae Harcourt, Brace and Co., New York. descriptio ed usum navigantium emendate Robinson, W.A. 1957. To the Great Southern Sea. accomodata. Peter Davies, London. Meyer, R. 1914. Archipielago de Galapagos. In R. Rogers, W. 1712. A Cruising Voyage Round the Enock, Ecuador. Charles Scribner's Sons, New World. Reprinted 1928, Longmans, Green, & York. Co., The Seafarers' Library, New York. Moll, H. 1699. The Gallapagos Islands, Discovered Sarmiento de Gamboa, P. 1572. Historia de los by Capt. . InA Collection of Original Incas. Voyages, Published by Capt. William Hacke. Sayer, R. 1775. A Map of South America containing James Knapton, London. Tierra-Firma, Guayana, New Granada, Amazonia, Moll, H. ca. 1700. Map of South America (showing Brasil, Peru, Paraguay, Chaco, Tucuman, Chili the separate identities of Santa Marfa and King and Patagonia. London. Charles Islands). Slevin,J.R. 1959. The Galapagos Islands: A History National Geographic Magazine. 1921. Map of of Their Exploration. Occasional Papers of the South America (with Galapagos Archipelago California Academy of Sciences, No. 25. inset). National Geographic Society, Washington, Torres y Guerra, A. 1793. Islas Galapagos por la DC. fragata Gertrudiz. Museo Naval, Madrid. Neele & Son. 1823. Gallapagos Islands. In D. U.S. Army. 1943. Special Map: Galapagos Islands, Porter, A Voyage in the South Seas, in the Years Baltra Island. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1812,1813, and 1814 .... Sir Richard Phillips and Panama Canal Department. Co., London. Vandermaelen, Ph. 1827. Oceanique. Iles Galapagos. Ortelius, A. 1589. Map title not given. [Cited in Von Hagen, V.W. 1949. Ecuador and the Galapagos Larrea 1973.] Islands. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Porter, D. 1815. Journal of a Cruise Made to the Vonnegut, K. 1985. Galapagos. Delacorte Press/ Pacific Ocean. Bradford and Inskeep, Seymour Lawrence, New York. Philadelphia. White, A., and B. Epler. 1972. Galapagos Guide. Porter, D. 1822. Journal of a Cruise Made to the Charles Darwin Foundation, Ecuador. Pacific Ocean. 2nd edition. Wiley and Halsted, Wittmer,M. 1961. FloreanaAdventure. E.P.Dutton New York. & Co., New York. Porter, D. 1815 and 1822. Journal of a Cruise. Editor's Note.-This article is a modified version of Reprinted 1986, R.D. Madison (ed.). Naval an article originally published in the Map Collector Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland. 44:16-24 and is reprinted with permission. Porter, D. 1823. A Voyage to the South Seas, in the John M. Woram, 45 Lakeside Drive, Rockville Years 1812, 1813, 1814 .... Abridgededition. Sir Centre, New York 11570, USA. 28 NOTICIAS DE GALAPAGOS No. 48

Galapagos Island Names Island Name A name given to one of the islands. Boldface; the official name of an island. Italic; the popular (local usage) name, only when this differs from the official name or there is no official name. [in brackets); the name is eIther misspelled, or has been applied to the wrong island. The nature of the error is briefly stated In the next column. Named after The person or place honored by the name. "quotes;" the English translation of an island name. 'single quotes;' the Spanish translation or transliteration of an English name. Named by The person who gave the island the name listed in the 'Island Name' column. Name; the person who named the island. Name, date; an author-date citation for the book in which the name appears. Cowley xx/yy; the pages in his journal/book. (Name); the island may have been named by this person. Ecuador (x); the official name IS taken from the 1892 decree, where (x) is tlie order in which the name is listed in the decree. Ecuador; the name has assumed official status through long usage, but the person who first used the name is unknown. Chart/Attribution The authority for the information in the previous columns. Name, date; an author-date citation for the book which gives the information. Name date; engraver and date of the chart/map on which the name appears. lOA xx; Instituto Oceanografico (Ecuador) chart. DMA or 5xx; Defense Mapping Agency (U.S.A.) chart. For 5xx, the full number is 22XCO 225xx. If (5xx), the island appears without a name, or with some variation in name. Undocumented data ?; uncertain, but thought to be as given here. ??; the missing information is unknown. Island Named after Named by Chart, or Official name, attribution other name(s)

ARock ~n Elizabeth Bay) Cowley mack?) William Hack 1687 Marielas? A. Rock (another) east of Dassigney) Cowley Moll?) Hennan Moll 1699 's Rock Abingd0'f: Abington arl of Abinton . Cowley, /10 William Hack 1685 Pinta [Albania sle] ~isspelled lbanie-y] Fleming 1894 Albany Albany uke of Albany Cowley fHack?l William Hack 1685 Albame Albame Duke of Albany Cowley Hack? Hennan Moll 1699 Albany Albemarle Duke of Albemarle Cowley, 16/10 William Hack 1685 Isabela Anonim\lsla "anonY!J1ous" ?? BurAmer.R~21894 Sin Nombre Avachum i "outer island" i~ca legend Sarmiento, 1 Isabela? Bainbrid§e's Rocks Comm. Wm. Bainbridr David Porter, 1822 Hooker 1822 Rocas Gordon [Bainbri ge, Rocas] tnow misplaced east 0 San Salvador] 545,547 Roches Pamfreys? misplaced at Daphne] Flem~1894 BaItra an acronym?) USAF, WWII? U. S. nny, Corps of Base Beta, Beta, Engineers 1943 South Se)'!Dour, "The Rock" WaIl?bridge} Rocks [misspelled Bainbridge] Neele & Son 1823 Rocas Gordon arrIngton sle Adm. S. Barrinf.on James Colnett, 1798A. Arrowsmith 1798 Santa Fe Barrin~ton Islet ~ust off Santa e) B. Lanza B. Lanza, 1974 Islote de Santa Fe Bartho omew t. David Bartholomew ?? ?? Bartolome Bartolome, Bartholome Lt. David Bartholomew Ecuador 54i547 Bartholomew Bartolome, EscoUe de Lt. David Bartholomew B.Lanza B. anza, 1974 Gran Felipe Beagle sh~, Robert FitzRoy Ecuador 545 Tiburon Beta, Base co e name, WWII U.S. Army,WWII none BaItra BewelRock ?? ?? Joseph Slevin, 1959 Sin Nombre Big Penguin ~fter the penguins there Wm. Robinson,1957none one of Marie/as Bindlos's Capt. Jolin Bmdlos Cowley, /9 Hennon Moll 1699 Marchena ~BindIOe] (miSspelled Bindlos's) William Hack 1685 Bindolese] misspelled Bindlos's BurAmer.Rep., 1894 lanca, Roca 'white rock" Ecuador 545 none Bolivia Simon Bolivar Jose Villamil none? Santa Cruz Botello, La "bottle" nr. Black Beach ?? none none Bowditch'aEscollo de P. Nathaniel Bowditch B.Lanza B. Lanza 1974 none BrattIe's, mttle Lord Nicholas Brattle Cowley, /9 William Hack 1685 ~UndlaWj (misspelled Bindlos'sj L. D~elT~ 1822 Marcliena Buraj, Roca miss[elled Burraj lOA 0193 urra, Roca 'Don ey Rock" Ecuador 531 none Caamafio, [Coamafioj Pres. Placedo Caamafio Ecuador 528 Jensen Caldwell Admiral Caldwell James Colnett, 1798A. AlTowsmith 1798 none Campeon Andrew Champion James Colnett, 1798 ~26) Champion Care nero "careening place"? ?? uente F. 1748 San Salvador? ~arlosl ~ncom~lete San Carlos] BurAmer.Rep., 1894 arlos V, Tierra de arlos V Torres ~Cruz?) Crnz Doblado 1794 uncertain Champion Andrew Champion James olnett, 1798A. AlTowsmith 1798 Cam~eon Charles'S, King King Charles I Cowley,13/9 William Hack 1685 San ristobal December 1989 NOTICIAS DE GALAPAGOS 29

Island Named after Named by Chart, or Official name, attribution other name(s) [Charles] [misplaced @ St. Maria] James Coinett, 1798A. Arrowsmith 1798 thatham Isle John Pitt, Earl of C. James Colnett, 1798 A. Arrowsmith 1798 San Cristobal Chaves ?? ?? Richard Mayer 1914 Santa Cruz Chavez ?? ?? Nat. Geographic 1921 Santa Cruz Colon, "Archipela~o of Ecuador (designated as a Provincia de Ecuador, Archipielago de Columbus' prOVInce in 1973) Provo de Gahipagos, Las Encantadas,lslas de la Floreana, Galapagos, Las Huerfanas Corona del Diablo "Devil's Crown" Ecuador <{?om Devil's Rock) Onslow Cousins ?? Ecuador Mares Cowan Rocks Midshp. John S. Cowan? L. Duperrey? L. Duperrey 1822 Arrecife Macgowen [or misspelled McGowen?l Cowley William Cowley Ecuador 545 Cowley's Enchanted Cowley's Enchanted William Cowley himself /10 Herman Moll 1699 Cowley [Cowlys] [misspelled by Cowley!] himself, 16/ none Cowley trossman Richard Crossman Cowley, /9 William Hack 1685 Erasmus?, Los [misplaced at Pinzon?] Vandermaelen 1827 Hermanos, Tabaco? Culpepper, Cullpeper Lord CuIQepper Cowley, 16/10 William Hack 1685 Darwin [Culpepper] [mislinkea to Rabida] V.W.von Hagen, 1949 Dalrimple, Rocas Alexander Dalrymple J. Colnett?, 1798 A. Arrowsmith 1798 Dalrymple Rock, [Privateer's Rockl, Remarkable ROCK, Rendevous Rock Dalrfin!ple Rock Alexander Dalrymple J. Colnett?, 1798 A. Arrowsmith 1798 Rocas Dalrimple Dap ne HMSDaphne ?? 547, 548 Daphne Major, Daphne Minor Daphne Chica, Minor HMSDaphne Wm. Beebe, 1924 547, 548 Daphne Daphne Major HMSD~hne Wm. Beebe, 1924 547, 548 Daphne Darwin Charles arwin Ecuador DMA 22ACO 22000 Cufpepper, Guerra, one of Los Hermanos Dassi~ey's Phillip Dassiffcey Cowley, /9 William Hack 1685 San Cristobal? Deans Sir Anthony ean Cowle~/9 William Hack 1685 Pinzon Devil's Rock now 'Corona del Diablo' David orter, 1822 none Onslow Diable "devil" old French Delisle 1722 uncertain Diablo "devil" old Ssanish ?? Marchena Diamond Rock Davi Porter?, 1822 Hooker 1822 Onslow? Dismal, Rock David Porter, 1822 none Onslow Douwes ~misspelled DowneS?~ Robert FitzRoy? I. Arrowsmith 1839 Genovesa Dower misspelled Downes? du Petit-Thouars,1841 Genovesa Dowers miss~elled Downes? Vandermaelen 1827 Genevosa Downes t. Jo n Downes David Porter?, 1822 Hooker 1822 Pinzon? or Downes himself? none? Genovesa Dukes shln' Woodes Rogers Edw. Cooke, 1712 (sketch in his bookJ San Salvador? Duncan A miral Duncan James Colnett, 1798A. Arrowsmith 179 Pinzon Dutchess ship, Stephen Courtney Edw. Cooke, 1712 (sketch in his book) Santa Cruz? Ecuador, "Archipelagjo Ignacio Hernandez Larrea, 1973 Archipielago Archipielago de of Ecuador de Colon Eden Admiral Henry Eden? Ecuador 545,547 none Elefante, Islote "EliBhant Islet" ?? none? Watson Elizabeth ~in izabeth b(~? Dagmar Werner? Peter R. Grant, 1975 one of Marielas? Encantadas, Las ' The Enchante s" old Spanish Ortelius 1589 Archi. de Colon Wnchanted Island] see Cowley's Enchanted William Hack 1685 nderby Samuel Enderby James Colnett, 1798A. Arrowsmith 1798 none Erasmus ?? ?? Vandermaelen 1827 Crossman? Wspa.naJ lmisspelled Espanola] R. Enock, 1914 Richard Mayer 1914 Espanola spano a 'Spanish" Ecuador (11) 524 Hood, Mascarin, McCains, de Tabac? Esperanza, N.S. de la "Our Lady of Hope" Fuente F.? Fuente F. 1748 uncertain Este, Roca "east rocI," Ecuador 521 none Eures's, Ewres William Eure Cowley, /9 William Hack 1685 Genovesa, [W 011] Fernandina Fernando II of Spain; Ecuador (4) 533,541,542 Fernando, Narborough, Ninachumbi?, de Plata Turtle Fernando Fernando II of S.!1ain Fernandina Floreana Pres. Juan Jose ores ~acio Hernandez Larrea, 1973 Santa Maria ~'floriferous"] . Jackson, 1985 Floreana, Islas de la res. Juan Jose Flores Decreto Leg!slativo, 12 April, 1839 Archi. de Colon Floriana variant of Floreana Ecuadorian Constitutio~ 1835 & 1843 Santa Marfa Floriana, La (local usage, ca. 1832) J. . Reynolds, 1835 Santa Maria 30 NOTICIAS DE GALAPAGOS No. 48

Island Namedafier Named by Chart, or Official name, attribution other name(s)

Foche ?? ?? Brit. Admiralty 1899 Lobos Gah!pagos ;'tortoise" Old Spanish Mercator 1569 Archi. de Colon Galapagos, Provo de "Province of Galapagos" Ecuador since 1973 Archi. de ColOn Gallego Juan de Gallego old Spanish Bellin 1695 Santa Maria? Gardner-by-Charles Adm. Sir Alan Gardner James Colnett, 1798A. Arrowsmith 1798 Jardinero Gardner-by-Hood Adm. Sir Alan Gardner? ?? 524 Jardinero [Gasna] Imisspelled, incomplete Nuiiez Gaona1 various uncertain Wolf? Genovesa 'of Genoa" (birthplace Ecuador (12) 541 Douwes bower, Eure's, of Columbus) Hawk, Nightmare, Quita Sueiio, Salud Sante, [Tover], Tower,l [Wenmlill, Wolf] Geraldino, Isla de ?? TorresJcruz?) Cruz Doblado 1794 uncertam Gil, Tierra de F: Gil, Viceroy of Peru Torres Cruz?) Cruz Doblado 1794 San Salvador? Gordon, Rocas G. Wold (Norwegian)? himsel. 547 Bainbridge Rocks Grande "!p:and" ?? V.W.von Hagen,1949 San Cristobal Gran Felipe, Islote Felipe Degel (a I@ide) himself IOA20211 Bartolome, Escollo de Guerra Alonso Torres y Guerra himself (Cruz?) Cruz Doblado 1794 Darwin? [Guerra] fmislinked to Rabida] V.W.von Hagen, 1949 Guy Fawkes Guy Fawkes Ecuador 545,547 none Hancock Bank Allan Hancock himself none Banco Hancock Hancock, Banco Allan Hancock himself 526 Hancock Bank Hawk man-of-war hawk (frigate) L. Duperrey 1822 Genovesa Herdars, Roches ?? (rocks, nr. Campeon) Vandermaelen? Vandennaelen 1827 (chartin.,g error?) Hermanas, Las dos "the two sisters" Torres (Cruz?) Cruz Doblado 1794 uncertam Hermanos, Los "the brothers" old Spanish various Crossman (& Tortuga?) Hermanos, Los dos "the two brothers" Fuente F.? Fuente F. 1748J. Darwin & Wolf? after Fuente F.? Robert Sayer 1175 Hobbs, Arrecife ?? ~cuador 521 none Hood LOrd Hood James Colnett, 1798A. Arrowsmith 1798 Espanola Huerfanas, Las "the orphans" Cabello Balboa? Cabello Balboa 1584 Archi. de Colon Iguana Tree (after an iguana in tree) W. Robinson, 1936 none one of Marielas Indefatigable HMS Indefatigable ?? ?? Santa Cruz Isabela Isabela I of ~uador(3) 53453~ 544 Albermarle,Avachumbi?, Spain; 1451-1504 543, 544, 545 S. Gertrudis, S. Margarita, Ysabel James King James II Cowley, 14/25 William Hack 1685 San Salvador Jardinero Sir Alan Gardner Ecuador (526) Gardner-by-Charles Jardinero Sir Alan Gardner? Ecuador (524) Gardner-by-Hood, Rod~er's Jarvis, Jervis Admiral John Jarvis James Colnett, 1798A. Arrowsmith 1798 Rablda Jensen ? Jensen (Norwegian)? himself? Alan White, 1972 Caamaiio Jenson] misspelled Jensen] Leveque, 1964 Caamaiio (Johnson] (misspelled Jensen] Brosset, 1963 Caamaiio Kicker Rock ?? James Colnett, 1798A. Arrowsmith 1798 Leon Dormido Leon Dormido "sleeping lion" Ecuador (521) Kicker Rock, Leon Dormiente, Remarkable Rock Leon Dormiente see Leon Dormido 521 Little Se~our USAF, WWII none North Seymour Loberia; fLoveria] ~near Post Office Bay) Ecuador Margret Wittmer, 1961 none Lobos, ISla 'Wolves (sea lions) Isle" Ecuador 521 Foche Macgowen, Arrecife from McGowen's Reef J. Colnett?, 1798 524 Cowan Rocks? Maglcienne Rocks HMS Magicienne ?? Brit. Admiralty 1841 Marchena Fr. A. de Marchena Ecuador (9) 551 Bindloe, Bindlos, Diablo, Torres? Mares Lodovico Mares B.Lanza B. Lanza, 1974 Cousins Marielas "Mariela" ?? none A Rock?, Elizabeth?, Big Penguin, Iguana Tree Marqueses ship, Edward Cooke Edw. Cooke, 1712 none San Cristobal Mascarenas ?? de Villefort? James Burney, 1816 Santa Maria Mascarin 11 Delisle 1720 Espanola Mazarredo ?? Torres (Cruz?) Cruz Doblado 1794 uncertain McCain's Beclouded I. ?? H. MelVille, 1854 "The Encantadas" Espanola McGowen's Reef now Macgowen,Arrecife J. Colnett?, 1798 A. Arrowsmith 1798 Arrecife Macgowen Mercedes Pres. Jose Flores' wife Jose Villamil de Gueydon, 1846 San Cristobal December 1989 NOTICIAS DE GALAPAGOS 31

Island Named after Named by Chart, or Official name, attribution other name(s) Mosquera Pres. A. Mosquera? Ecuador 547, 548 Seal Island Nameless 'Sin Nombre' ?? 528, 547 Sin Nombre Narborough Sir John Narborough Cowl:%, /10 William Hack 1685 Fernandina Nerus, Rocas (transliterated Nones?) Ecua or 551 Nories, North Rocks, Wainman's Little Island Nightmare see Quita Suefto old Sreanish Irving Johns01: 1936 Genovesa Ninachumbi "island of fIre" Inca egend Sarmiento, 15 2 Fernandina? Norfolk Duke of Norfolk Cowley, 16/10 William Hack 1685 Santa Cruz Norris's, Lord Lord Noris Cowley, Wc Pinta Nories Rocks Lord Noris Cowley ~ oll?J Hennan Moll 1699 Rocas Nerus North Rocks Cowley Hack.) William Hack 1687 Rocas Nerus Wunezh ~incomplete Nunez Gaona.} various uftez aona . ? orres (Cruz?) Cruz Doblado 1794 Wolf

Olmedo Jose Joaquin Olmedo ~acio Hernandez Larrea, 1973 San Salvador Onslow ?? cuador Brit. Admiralty 1899 Corona del Diablo, Devil's Rock, Diamond Rock, Rock Dismal Osborn Henry FairfIeld Osborn Wm. Beebe, 1926 524 none Pamfreys, Roches ?? Vandermaelen? Vandennaelen 1827 Rocas Bainbridge? Pan de Azucar :'~ufr loaf' B. Lanza? B. Lanza 1974 Sin Nombre Phillip's Sir ichard PhilliKs himself? Neele & Son 1823 Rabida Pinnacle Rock (near Black Beac ,) ?? 526 none Pinta shiPi Martin Pinz6n; &uador (8) 551 Abin~don, Carlos IV? hCo umbus' caravel) Gera dino, Norris's Pinzon rothers Pinz6n; Ecuador (10) 545 Deans, Douwes?, Nina, Pinta captains Downes?, Duncan Pitt, Isla William Pitt? ?? W. Collins Sons 1974 none Plata, de ~late" () ~id Spanish Robert Sayer 1775 Fernandina Plaza {North, South) res. Leonidas Plaza Ecuaaor 547 none Porter s Captain David Porter David Adams David Porter, 1822 Santa Cruz Hooker 1822 Privateer's Rock the Cowley (Hack?) William Hack 1685 A. Rock grivateer's Rock] [mislinked with Dalrimplet V.W.von Ha~en,1949 uita Suefto 'without sleep" uente F.? Fuente F. 17 8 Genovesa

Rabida Convent of la Rabida Ecuador (13) 545 ~Culpe~per) Gue.rr.a], al'VlS, el'VlS, Phllhps Redonda, Roca "round rock" Cowley ~Hack9 543 Redondo Rock {fedondo] Rock [misspelled Redonda] CowIe Hack? William Hack 1685 emarkaole Rock Edw. ~ooke, 1 12 none Leon Dormido & W. Rogers 1712 Rendevous Rock W. Rogers, 17 12 none Rocas Dalrimple Roca~s)t Rock(s) see Burra, Redonda, Rlcot, Union, etc. "Roc he" topular usage in WWI U. S. Army, WWII none Baltra Rodge~s', [R0'krs] ommodore J. Rodgers David Porterk 1822 none Jardinero Rycot, Rycaut ock ?? Cowley (Hac ?) William Hack 1685 none Salud "health" old Spanish BurAmer.Rep.,1894 uncertain st. Charles ?? BurAmer.Rep., 1894 Santa Maria St. Barnabe "St. Barnabt' ?? Desisle 1722 uncertain San Bernardo "St. Bernar " ~id Spanish BurAmer.Rep.,1894 San Salvador San Carlos "St. Charles" ?? ?? Santa Maria San Clemente "St. Clement" Fuente F.? Fuente F. 1748 San Cristobal San Cristobal "St. Christopher" Ecuador (1) 521 Charles, Chatham, (to honor Columbus) Dassigney's?, Grande, MarCueses, Mercedes, San lemente San Marcos "St. Mark" Fuente F.? Fuente F. 1748 uncertain ~er Fuente F.? Robert Sayer 1775 San Salvador San Salvador Columbus's fIrst uador (5) 545,547 Carenero?, Dukcs~ landfall, in Gil? i/ames, Olme 0, Caribbean San ernardo, San Marcosvantiago, Tabac, orks Santa Cruz "holy cross" Ecuador (6) 528, 547 Bolivia, Chaves, Chave~ Dutchess? IndefatIgable, Norfolk, Porter's, l,fanti(!!f.0] ' Valdez, [ era ruz] Santa Fe Spanish city Ecuador (7) 523 528 Barrington Santa Fe, Islote de Gust off Santa Fe) B.Lanza B. Lanza, 1974 Barrington Islet 32 NOTICIAS DE GALAPAGOS No. 48

Island Named after Named by Chart, or Official name, attribution other name(s)

Santa Gertrudix ship, Alonso Torres Torres ~cruz?~ Crnz Doblado 1794 Isabela Santa Gertrudiz ship, Alonso Torres Torres Cruz? Crnz Doblado n.d. Isabela Santa Isabel r.atron saint of Isabela? Fuente .? Fuente F. 1748 IsabeIa Santa Maf!~arita 'St. Margaret" old Sganish James Burney, 1816 Isabela? Santa Marla Columbus' flagship Ecua or (2) 526, 529 {fharlesJ, Floreana, allefe0' Mascarin, St. Char e~ San Carlos,Sta. Maria e I'Aquada,Saute St. Marfa de l'A~uada "S. Mary of the Water" old Spanish Hennan Moll ca. 1700 Santa Maria St. Marfa, Islas e "St. Mary, Isles of' old Spanish Roben Sayer 1775 BrattIe & Crossman Santa Rosalia ~oetic hcense) K. Vonne~t, 1985 "Galapa~os" none Sante ' ealth" Le Sieur e Delisle 1 '20 uncertain Villefort?,17oo James Burney, 1816 Santiago "St. Iago" old ~ish ?? San Salvador ifantiar] ~misPlaced @ Sta. Cruz] Bur er.Re~. 1894 Saute misspelled Sante] de Villefort, 1 00 Jose~h Slevin, 1959 Santa Marfa chiavoni, Arrecife .? Ecuador 521, 23 Schiavoni Reef Schiavoni Reef ?? ?? Brit. AdmiralB:, 1899 Arrecife Schiavoni Seal Island ldue to sea lions there) U. S. Army, WWII U. S. Anny 1 43 Mosquera Seymour ord Hugh Seymour Ecuador 547, 548 Little Seymour, North Seymour Seymour, North Lord Hugh Seymour ?? ~{47, 548) Seymour Seymour South Lord Hugh Seymour ?? Baltra Sin Nom bre "without name" Ecuador (528, 547) An6nima, Bewel Rock, Pan de Azucar Solano ?? Torres (Cruz?) Cnlz Doblado 1794 uncertain Sombrero Chino ;'Chinese hat" Ecuador (545,547) none Tabac, (de, a) "tobacco" Le Sieur de Delisle 1722 Espaiiola? Villefort?, 1700 James Burnll' 1816 fl':!baco] ~misplaced at Crossman] old Spanish Bur. Amer. ep," 1894 epda . ? Torres (Cruz?) Crnz Doblado 794 uncertain Terragin Rock turtle ?? Bur. Amer. Ref 1894 ?? Tibur n, Islotes "shark" (near Villamil) B. Lanza? B. Lanza, 197 none? ~lso used by Lanza for Beagle) Torres lonso Torres y Guerra himself (Cruz?) Crnz Doblado 1794 uncertain Tortuga "turtle" Ecuador 529 Brattle, one of Los Hermanos? Tonllga, Islote fanother, off Espaiiola) local usage none? none IJover] misspelled Tower] Nat. Geograflhic 1921 ower var. on "Dower?" ?? Brit. Admiralty 1375 Genovesa Turtle A. Gerbault, 1929 none Fernandina Union, Roca "union rock" Ecuador 532 none

Valdes, Tierra de ?? Torres ~Cruz?~ Crnz Doblado 1794 uncertain Valdez, Tierra de ?? Torres Cruz? Crnz Doblado n.d. uncertain Venecia Venice (canals ot) C&F Angerwwr? ?? none [Vera Cruz] [used in error] U. S. Army, II none Santa Cruz Wainman Lord Wainman Cowley, 16/ William Hack 1685 Wolf Wainman's Little Island Lord Wainman Cowl% (Hack?) William Hack 1685 Rocas Nerus Watson ?? EClla or 526 Elefante I~isspelled wainman) David Porter, 1822 Hooker 1822 ~enam]Wen man misspelled Wainman Cowley, /10 Weriman' missEelled Wainman Blondeau ca. 1780 ale, Roca 'wha e rock" Ecuador 521 none Wolf geologist Teodoro Wolf Ecuador DMA 22ACO 22000 one of Los Hermanos, Nuiiez Gaona?, Wainman [Wenman], [Weriman] [mislinked to Ewres & Genovesat, Joseph Slevin, 1959 [Wood's Isle] typographical error?] H. Me Ville, 1854 "The Encantadas" Hood's? York's James, Duke of York Cowley, 14/10 none San Salvador Ysabel "Isahela" old Spanish various Isabela