1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5947 education; to the Committee on Ways and By Mr. CANNON: By Mr. JACKSON: Means. H.J. Res. 312. Joint resolution making ad­ H. R. 7013. A bill for the relief of Luis By Mr. FULTON: ditional appropriations for the fiscal year Rosendo Gallegos-Gallegos (also known as H. R. 7003. A bill to establish an effective 1957, and for other purposes; to the Commit­ Raul Gutierrez-Gonzalez); to the Commit­ program to alleviate conditions of excessive tee on Appropriations. tee on the Judiciary. unemployment in certain economically de­ By Mr. LANE: pressed areas; to the Committee on Bank~ng H. R. 7014. A bill for the relief of Mme. and Currency. MEMORIALS Henriette Buaillon and Stanley James Car­ By Mr. JENKINS: Under clause 4 of rule XXII, me­ penter; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H . R. 7004. A bill to amend the Tariff Act morials were presented and referred as H. R. 7015. A bill for the relief of Felicis­ of 1930 with respect to the dutiable status follows: imo Aguilar; to the Committee on the Judi­ of handles, wholly or in chief value of wood, ciary. imported to be used in the manufacture of By Mr. JENSEN: Memorial of Legislature By Mr. MORANO: of the State of Iowa commending the Fed­ paint rollers; to the Committee on Ways and H. R. 7016. A bill for the relief of Maria Do Means. eral agencies involved for their forethought and efforts in the interests of outdoor rec­ Carmo Vincente Fernandes; to the Commit­ By Mr. WHARTON: tee on the Judiciary. H. R. 7005. A bill to amend title II of the reation and urges their continued coopera­ tion in advancing this project to a success­ H. R. 7017. A bill for the relief of Apolonia Social Security Act so as to remove the limi­ M. J. Verhoef; to the Committee on the tation upon the amount of outside income ful completion; to the Committee on Public Works. Judiciary. which an individual may earn while receiv­ H. R. 7018. A bill for the relief of Roberto ing benefits thereunder; to the Committee By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ lature Of the State of Nevada memorializ­ Pais Vidal; to the Committee on the Judici­ on Ways and Means. ary. By Mr. CHUDOFF: ing the President and the Congress of the H. R. 7006. A bill to provide for the reor­ United States to take appropriate action to By Mr. MOSS: ganization of administrative procedures and cause the appointment of a second United H. R. 7019. A bill for the relief of Mar practices in Government operations for im­ States district judge in and for the district Man Li and his wife, Mar Wong Li Shee; to proving their economy and efficiency, to pro­ of Nevada; to the Committee on the Judi­ the · Committee on the Judiciary. vide for the organization of machinery to ciary. H. R. 7020. A bill for the relief of Masadeh coordinate and administer such procedures Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Mogannam; to the Committee on the Judi­ and related practices; and for other pur­ State of Wisconsin memorializing the Presi­ ciary. dent and the Congress of the United States By Mr. PATTERSON: poses; to the Committee on the Judiciary. regarding the di version of water from the By Mr. HYDE: H . R. 7021. A bill for the relief of Manuel Great Lakes; to the Committee on Public Rosa Silveira; to the Committee on the H. R. 7007. A bill authorizing the confer­ Works. ring of appropriate degrees by the District of Judiciary. Columbia Teachers College on those persons By Mr. TEAGUE of California: who have met the requirements for such PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 7022. A bill for the relief of Javier degrees, and for other purposes; to the Com­ Rojo Barcena; to the Committee on the mittee on the District of Columbia. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Judiciary. By Mr. MICHEL: bills and resolutions were introduced and By Mr. WRIGHT: H. R. 7008. A bill to amend the Internal severally ref erred as follows: H. R. 7023. A bill for the relief of Elsa Hart­ Revenue Code of 1954 to provide an exclu­ By Mr. BURDICK: mann Colvin; to the Committee on the sion of up to $50 per year from gross income H. R. 7010. A bill for the relief of Willard Judiciary. for amounts received as interest on savings 0. Mortenson; to the Committee on the deposits; to the Committee on Ways and Judiciary. Means. By Mr. DELLAY: PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. SANTANGELO: H. R. 7011. A bill for the relief of Nicola H. R. 7009. A bill to amend the act of Abbattista; to the Committee on the Judi­ Under clause 1 of rule X:XII, March 3, 1879, with respect to the admission ciary. 208. Mr. CHIPERFIELD presented a peti­ to the mails as second class matter of issues By Mr. FEIGHAN: tion of Henry County, Ill., citizens for enact­ of publications having substantial bindings; H. R. 7012. A bill for the relief of Samuel ment of the Jenkins-Keogh bills H. R. 9 and to the Committee on Post Office and Civil D. Huang; to the Committee on the Judi­ H. R. 10, 85th Congress, which was referred Service. ciary. :to the Committee on Ways and Means.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Progress in Our Military Program The Army also informs me that a total the present problems, and one which will of 161,329 young men are now enlisted result in time in developing the best EXTENSION OF REMARKS under the Army Reserve program. This military Reserve program in the world. is clear evidence, in my opinion, that our OF Reserve program is definitely developing HON. OVERTON BROOKS and should give our people confidence A Tribute to Thomas H. MacDonald, OF LOUISIANA in its future. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As with most successful programs, Father of the Nation's Highway Sys· however, additional problems arise. Wednesday, April 17, 1957 This is especially true of our Reserve pro­ tem Mr. BROOKS of Louisiana. Mr. gram. With the increasing influx of Speaker, I rise to report to the House younger men into this program, there EXTENSION OF REMARKS that our military program is moving come the difficulties of providing them OF along nicely. I have just been advised with adequate training facilities, equip­ by the Department of the Army that ment and competent instructors at unit HON. FRED SCHWENGEL this week 4,523 young men entered the level. A part of this problem is that of OF IOWA Army part of this program. Of this supplying military clothing for these IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES number, 2,244 were 18% years of age or men in needed amounts. The Army in­ Wednesday, April 17, 1957 older, the Army states, and 2,279 are dicates that these problems will be ex­ under 18 % years. Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, Since the Reserve Forces Act of 1955 tremely difficult to handle in some locali­ America lost a great public servant when was passed by the Congress, there have ties, particularly the one pertaining to Thomas H. MacDonald, former Commis­ been made criticisms of the operation of capable instructors. sioner of Public Roads, died on April 7, the program under the 6-month train­ These are but a few of the problems 1957. He has been rightfully called the ing act. Suffice it to note at this time which this program presents to the Army Father of the Nation's Highway System. that of these 4,523 men entering the and which must be ironed out as the Because his early background, training, Army program-does not include the Reserves continue to increase in size and education, and experience tie him to National Guard-this week, 3,080 cam·e move to their ultimate strength. This Iowa, I deem it an honor to pay tribute to in under the 6-month training provisions, is a very favorable situation, even with his memory. 5948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 17 Iowa, perhaps better than any other roads were graded, bridged, and drained, contribution to highway work. He ac­ State, knows the great loss to the world and plans had been made for an unprec­ cepted the position of "distinguished of highway administration, planning, edented hatd-surfacing program when research engineer" at Texas A. and M. and construction which is sustained in he was called to Washington, D. C., in College, College Station, Tex. There he the death of Thomas H. MacDonald. 1919 to take charge of the Bureau of headed a highway research station which Mr. MacDonald died at College Sta­ Public Roads, as the Nation's Federal in the few years of his tenure, has con­ tion, Tex., on Sunday, April 7, 1957, suc­ Highway Commissioner. tributed important knowledge and cumbing to a heart attack. There stands to his credit the develop­ counsel to the world of roadbuilding and Though born in Colorado and moved to ment of the joint Federal-State system road use. Iowa at an early age, Mr. MacDonald of highway planning and construction. We say a sad goodbye to a lifelong considered himself a son of Iowa. It He insisted always upon recognition of distinguished public servant, almost was in Iowa that he was educated in en­ State sovereignty in highway matters. without peer, and a personal friend of gineering; in Iowa that he entered upon He regarded State highway commissions all who worked with him in the great and his profession; in Iowa that he laid the as representative of the States, and the important objective of providing ade­ foundations for sound highway planning United States Bureau of Public Roads as quate thoroughfares for our country. He and engineering; in Iowa that he created properly bound to act only with and spent billions of dollars of the people's his first magnificent highway system; through the State commissions. money with never a shade of a shadow and from Iowa that he carried to the As the acknowledged last word in of a suspicion as to the integrity or the Nation's Capitol and to the Federal Gov­ highway administration and policy plan­ intelligence of the expenditure thereof. ernment the experience and wisdom ning, Tom MacDonald was frequently He left his imprint on his time as few which were to qualify him so thoroughly the adviser of congressional committees. men are privileged or able to do. His He never wavered from his loyalty to the was a substantial contribution to making for the expressive title "Father of the America a better place in which to live. ~atioii's Highway System." principle of State sovereignty. Neither did he ever relax his insistence upon the Much that today's motorist takes for Iowa knew Tom MacDonald not only granted in the ease, and comfort, and with deep respect and admiration, but right of the Federal Government to de­ mand uniformly high standards of de­ speed of his travel along America's high­ also with warm personal affection and ways, he owes to Thomas H. MacDonald. friendship. It knew him not only as an sign and construction in all projects where the Federal Government shared in There is no irreverence in quoting as a engineering administrative genius, but word of farewell to a good and faithful also as a man of the highest principles, financing. Throughout his public life, he was generous in the assignment of public t ~ vant the 5th verse of the 3d inflexible in his insistence upon render­ chapter of the Gospel according to St. ing in his own service the fullest measure credit to State highway departments for their large measure of contribution to Luke: of performance to the public which em­ Every valley shall be filled, and every ployed and trusted him, and equally in­ highway improvement. These self-imposed high standards mountain and hill shall be brought low; and sistent upon such performance by others the crooked shall be made straight, and the under his direction. won him in the national field the same rough ways shall be made smooth. · admiration and respect they had brought His career is too well known to high­ to him in his adopted state, Iowa. Tom did pis part to bring that to way and other governmental circles in Although himself a Republican, and pass. this State, as well as throughout Amer­ he always so remained, Mr. MacDonald, ica, to need detailed restatement today. without solicitation on his part, was ap­ But his is an inspiring life, nonetheless, pointed Chief of the United States Ease Hardship on Handicapped Children which may be profitably reviewed again. Bureau of Public Roads, in 1919, by a of Veterans Mr. MacDonald first attended Iowa Democratic Secretary of Agriculture, State Teachers College at Cedar Falls, serving under a Democratic President. Iowa, in 1899-1900. He went on from EXTENSION OF REMARKS He accepted the proffered appointment OF there to graduate in civil engineering at as a matter of duty and with some mis­ Iowa State College at Ames, in 1904. It givings as to his own ability to handle HON. THOMAS L. ASHLEY was during his undergraduate days there the job. He performed such an out­ that his lifetime interest in roads was OF OHIO standing service that, as a matter of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES developed. A thesis which he wrote on course, he remained, through 34 years of studies of the power required to pull a . shifting Republican and Democratic na­ Wednesday, April 17, 1957 wagon-this was before the days of auto­ tional administrations, exemplifying for Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, I have mobiles-over various types of roads be­ the Nation and the industry, that high• today introduced legislation to correct came an authoritative text in that field. way administration itself is not, and an inequity in the laws administered by When he was serving as a young pro­ should not, be in any degree partisan. the Veterans' Administration. In its fessor at Iowa State and the legislature One of Tom's last visits to Iowa was simplest terms, the bill would define the commissioned the college to prepare a to attend the testimonial dinner ac­ term "child" include persons over 18 study of how Iowa's roads might be im­ corded to his former associate and his years old who become incapable of self­ proved, Tom MacDonald was the logical successor, Fred R. White, who retired as support and remain dependent on a vet­ person to undertake and head such a chief engineer, Iowa State Highway eran or a veteran's widow. study. The research which went into Commission, in October 1952. He grace­ The following example serves to illus­ that effort was the beginning of a devo­ ' fully and justly gave credit to Mr. White trate the benefits that would result from tion to highway improvement which was for the structure built upon the f ounda­ passage of this bill. A 19-year-old boy, to characterize the rest of his life. tions he had laid in Iowa, without, of the only child of a deceased veteran, He fell naturally and logically into the course, claiming any credit for the foun­ takes his first job in industry. In his position of State highway engineer when dation. first week at work he becomes perma­ Iowa launched a road improvement pro­ Tom MacDonald was widely known nently disabled and incapable of earning gram in 1907. He simply switched titles, throughout Iowa despite his long absence his own way. His mother, the veteran's retaining the same functions, when the from this State. There are still active widow, is unable to claim her son as a Iowa State Highway Commission was es­ in highway and engineering circles here dependent under present law, yet she tablished separate from the college in men who knew him as a student and must and will want to provide for her 1913, with Mr. MacDonald as chief engi­ many who launched their own business handicapped son. As the law stands, neer. careers in Iowa while he headed the she would only be entitled to $1,044 an­ Iowa owes its first real system of all­ Iowa highway effort. Many too, met nually in widow's compensation benefits weather roads to Mr. MacDonald's fore­ him also at meetings of various national from the Veterans' Administration. In sight and energy. This State promptly highway and related associations, be­ addition, she would be allowed to earn took the lead among all States in crea­ fore which he was a frequent and appre­ up to $1,400 to supplement her meager tion of a coordinated highway system, ciated speaker. income-a total of $2,444 to support her­ under his administration. He recognized Mr. MacDonald retired as Commis­ self and her crippled son. By redefining the basic needs for proper grading and sioner of Public Roads in 1953, but did .the word "child" for purposes of the Vet­ draining. More than a third of Iowa's not discontinue his active interest in and erans' LGministration laws, Mr. Speaker, 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5949 the widow would collect $1,452 in com .. War Risk Insurance Act amendment of "child" by this legislation would be en.. pensation benefits and she would be al.. October 6, 1917: Compensation payable to titled to the same benefits she would re .. lowed to earn up to $2,700 outside income a child of any age if insane, idiotic, or oth­ erwise permanently helpless. ceive if her family were increased by one. without losing her Veterans' Administra­ World War Veterans' Act, 1924: Compen­ COMPENSATION, DEPENDENCY AND INDEMNITY . tion payments-a total, in this case, of sation payable to a child of any age if per­ COMPENSATION, OR PENSION TO VETERANS OR $4,152, and an increase of $1,708 over manently incapable of support by reason of THEIR DEPENDENTS existing benefits. mental or physical defect. RATE TABLES I should like to inquire, Mr. Speaker, Public No. 2, 73d Congress, and Veterans The succeeding tables of rates are added for how many of my colleagues would look Regulation No. 10: Compensation payable to ready reference where information as to rates forward to spending their last years on a child over 18 years of age only if prior to payable under existing laws is desired with­ an income of this size, while support­ reaching age 18 child becomes or has be­ out a detailed analysis of the elements of en­ ing a crippled son or daughter. I be­ come permanently incapable of support by titlement. The brief table of rates for war­ reason of mental or physical defect-or until time and peacetime service-connection dis­ lieve the time has come when Congress 21 years of age, under certain conditions, if abilities ls restricted to the largest class of must act to correct this unnecessary in school. such rates, those payable under Public Law hardship. Public No. 484, 73d Congress, as amended: No. 2, 71st Congress, March 20, 1933, and Vet­ To complete the record, Mr. Speaker, I Pension is not payable to a child ove.r 18 erans regulations issued pursuant thereto, as am including a brief summary of the years of age unless prior to reaching the age modified and amended by subsequent legisla­ legislative history of the term "child," of 18 the child becomes or has become per­ tion. It does not include rates payable for and a table of benefits that would re­ manently incapable of support by reason of service-connected disabllities under the gen­ sult from this legislation. Here again, mental or physical defect-also payable eral pension law or Public Law No. 141, 73d under certain conditions until 21 years of Congress, March 28, 1934, as amended. For let me point out that this bill does not age if in school. propose to raise existing benefit pay­ rates under Public Law No. 141 and for de­ BENEFIT SCHEDULES tailed information bearing on elements of en­ ments-but, rather, it broadens the titlement, under such laws, references should scope of the act to include a number of Mr. Speaker, benefits under laws cur­ rently administered by the Veterans' be made to the pertinent tables set forth our unfortunate citizens forever denied in the preceding part of this analysis. De­ the opportunity to earn their own way: Administration are listed in the follow­ ing chart. The legislation I have intro­ pendency and indemnity compensation is DEFINITION OF HELPLESS CHILD duced today would increase benefits by payable under the Servicemen's and Veterans General law: Compensation payable for Survivor Benefit Act for service-connected child over 16 years of age only if insane, increasing the total number of chil­ dea~hs occurring on or after January 1, 1957, idiotic, or otherwise mentally or physically dren in a family receiving these benefits. whether service was prior to or on and after helpless at date of attaining age 16 years For example, a veteran's widow support­ that date and without distinction between and at date of filing claim. ing a son or daughter newly defined as a wartime and peacetime service: Rates of compensation for wartime and peacetime service-connected disabilities under Public Law 2, 73d Cong., as amended and Veterans Regulations '

War service- Peacetime connected service-con- rates, Vet- nected rates, erans Regu- Veterans lation 1 (a), Regulation as amended, 1 (a), a

•, pt. II

(a) 10 percent disability ___ ------______.__ ------______------_------______------____ ----·------$17. 00 $14. 00 (b) 20 percent disability------__ ------__ ------__ ------_------_------____ ------______33.00 26.00 (c) 30 percent disability ____ ------______------______------______------______: ___ ------______50.00 ~o. oo (d) 40 percent disability ____ ------_ --• ------_------_____ ----____ ------______-----______: ______66.00 53.00 (e) 50 percent disability------__ : ____ ------______------_------______-----______------__ _ 91.00 73.00 (f) 60 percent disability ____ ------__ :; __ ------_------__ ------______.: ______------______------______109. 00 87.00 (g) 70 percent disability __ -----___ ------__ ------______------____ ------______------~------______127. 00 102.00 (h) 80 percent disability_------___ • ____ ------_------____ ------____ _ 145. 00 116. 00 (i) 90 percent disability ____ ------______------_------__ ------______163.00 130. 00 (j) Total disability ______------__ 181. 00 145. 00 (k) Anatomical loss, or loss of use of a creative organ, or 1 foot, or 1 hand, or both buttocks, or blindness of 1 eye having only light perception, rates (a) to U) increased monthly by ______------_------. ___ ------47.00 37.60 Anatomical loss, or loss of use of a creative organ, or 1 foot, or 1 l'tand, or both buttocks, or blindness of 1 eye, having only light perception, in addition to requirement for any of rates in 0) to (n), rate increased monthly for each loss or loss of use by ______147.00 137. 60 0) Anatomical loss, or loss of use of both hands, or both feet, or 1 hand and 1 foot, or blind both eyes with 5/200 visual acuity or less, or is perma- nently bedridden or so helpless as to be in need of regular aid and attendance, monthly compensation ______279. 00 223. 00 (m) Anatomical loss, or loss of use of 2 extremities at a level, or with complications, preventing natural elbow or knee action with prosthesis in place, or suffered blindness in both eyes, rendering him so helpless as to be in need of regular aid and attendance, monthly compensation ______329.00 263. 00 (n) Anatomicalmonthly compensation loss of 2 extremities ______so near shoulder or hip___ _as______to prevent use of prosthetic appliance, or suffered anatomical loss of both eyes, _ 371. 00 296. 00 (o) Suffered disability under conditions which would entitle him to 2 or more rates in (1) to (n), no condition being considered twice, or suffered total deafness in combination with total blindness with 5/200 visual acuity or less, monthly compensation ______------420.00 336. 00 (p) In event disabled person's service-incurred disabilities exceed requirements for any of rates prescribed, Administrator, in bis discretion, may allow next higher rate, or intermediate rate, but in no event in excess of..------420. 00 336. 00 (q) Minimum rate for arrested tuberculosis ___ . ______------___ ------______------__ 67.00 53.50

1 But in no eventj;o exceed $420. J But in no event'to exceed $336. Additional disability compensation because of dependents t

Wife, no Wife, 1 Wife, 2 Wife, 3 or No wife, No wife, No wife, Dependent child child children more chil­ 1 child ~children 3 or more parent or dren children parents

Korean conflict..------:, ______World War Il_ ------­------1 World War I _------Spanish-AmericanRebellion. ______War, Philippine Insurrection, :, ______Boxer _ $17. 50 (1) $2i.OO $35.00 $45. 50 $56. 00 $14. 00 $24. 50 $35.00 { 35. 00 (2) Civil War_------­ Indian wars._------Peacetime service (under combat or extrahazardous con- 1 ditions) ______------14. 00 (1) Regular peacetime service.------16. 80 28.00 36. 40 «. 80 11.20 19.60 28.00 { 28.00 (2)

t Above rates are for 100 percent disability. If and while rated partially disabled, but not less than 50 percent, additional compensation is authorized in an amount having the same ratio to the amount specified iri the applicable table, above, as the degree of disability bears to the total disability; e. g., war service-connected disability of ro percent, compensation rate $91.-if veteran has a wife, his compensation is fucreased as follows: $91.00+$10.50=$101.50. · 595() CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE Apri~ 17 Rates of compensation to widows, children, and parents of deceased veterarnt

Eachad­ No No No Each ad- For service-connected death prior to Jan. 1, 1957 Widow, Widow, ditional widow, widow, widow, ditional Dependent parents nochild lchild child 1 child 2 chil­ 3 chil­ child dren dren ------1-----1------I·--,------Korean confilct------1 World War II_------­ World War I_------Spanish-American War, Philippine Insurrection, Boxer Rebellion ______Civil War_------.------$87 $121 $29 $67 $94 $122 $23 {1 parent, $75. Indian wars ______-_------.. ------2 parents, $40 each. Peacetime (Regular Establishment): Death result of armed conflict, extra.­ hazardous service, including service under conditions simulating war, while United States engaged in war. 69.60 06.80 23.20 53.60 75.20 {1 parent, $60. Peacetime (Regular Establishment): Death not result of armed conflict, etc___ _ 97.60 18 · 40 2 parents, $32 each.

Rates of dependency and indemnity compensation to widows, children, and parents for service-connected death occurring on or after Jan. 1, 19571

Widows and children Children, no widow

Widow alone: $112 per month, plus 12 percent of basic pay of deceased husband, with total Children under age 18: a.mount adjusted to next highest dollar. Rates range from $122 in an E-1 case with less than 1 child, $70. 2 years' service to $242 in case of an 0-8 with over 30 yea.rs' service. Slightly higher rates if 2 children, $100 (equally divided). deceased was lieutenant general, vice admiral. general, or admiral, with $266 top. 3 children, $130 (equally divided). plus $25 for each child in excess of 3 (equally divided). Widow and 1 child under age 18: Same as amount payable to widow alone. Child age 18 or above who became permanently incapable of self-support prior to that age: $95 (basic $70 rate increased by $25; total rate with $25 supplement variable where there a.re other children). Widow and 2 or more children under age 18: Same rate as that payable to widow alone with Child or children ages 18 to 21 attending school: Same as basic rate payable to following exception: Where total amount payable under the Railroad Retirement Act or children under age 18 where there is no widow. (Payment barred if child Social Security Act, or under sec. 405 of the Servicemen's and Veterans' Survivor Benefits commences program under War Orphans' Educational Assistance Act of Act based upon an assumed fully and currently insured status, is less than $128, the com- 1956.) pensation payable to widow by VA increased by $25 for each child in excess of \.but the total increase may not exceed the difference between the amounts payable under t e above and $128. Widow and chUd or children age 18 and above permanently incapable of self-support where incapacity began under age 18: Regular widow's rate payable to widow, plus $70 for each such child payable to child. Widow and child or children age 18 but under 21 attending school: Regular widow's rate pay- able to widow, plus $Z5 payab:e to each such child. (Payment barred if child commences program under War Orphans' Educational Assistance Act of 1956.)

1 parent only 2 parents living together 2 parents not living together

Total annual income Combined annual income Total annual income of parent Monthly Monthly Indi- rate rate to vidual More than- But equal to or less More than- But equal to or less each More than- But equal to or less rate than- than- than-

$750 ______$750 ______$75 $50 $1,000_ - ______.: $1,000 __ ------$750 ______$50 $1,000$750_ - ______------60 $1,000_ ------40 $1,000_ ------40 $1,250_ ------45 $1,350_ ------~~:~gg=: ::::::::::::::: 30 $1,000_ ------$1,250_ ------30 $1,500$1,250 ______------$1,500_ ------30 $1, 700_ ------$2,050_ ------20 $1,250_ ------$1,500_ ------20 $1, 750_ ------15 $2,050_ ------$2,400_ ------10 $1,500_ ------$1, 750_ ------10 $1, 750 _____ ------0 $2,400_ ------0 $1, 750_ ------0

i Persons eligible for death compensation based on death occurring prior to Jan. 1, 1957, may, under certain conditions, apply for and receive dependency and indemnity compensation. Applies also to remarried parent living with spouse, with income of spouse counted. Pension rates: Indian wars, Civil War, Spanish-American War, Philippine Insurrection, Boxer Rebellion, World War I, World War II, and Korean conflict

Spanish-American War, Philippine Insurrection, and Boxer Rebellion Indian wars Civil War World War I, World War II, and Korean confilct i Service pension laws in effect Mar. 19, 1933, reenacted by Public Law 269, 74th Cong., Aug. 13, 1935, as modified or amended

30 days or more service or through 90 days or more service or 90 days or more service or dis- 70 days or more service but less 90 days or more service or discharge for campaign in connection with discharge for disability in- charge for disability incurred than 90 days. disability incurred in line of duty. or in zone of active Indian hos- curred in lili.e of duty. in li~ie of duty. In active service before cessation o! tilities. hostilities. Rates: Rates: Rate ______$101. 59 Rates: Rates: ~o disability or more __ $101. 59 ~o disability or more_ $101. 59 ~o disablllty or more_ $67. 73 Permanent and totaL ______$66. 15 Age 62 or over ______101. 59 Aid and attendance 135. 45 Age 62 or over ______101. 59 Age 62 or over ______67. 73 Rated permanent and total for Aid and attendance ___ 135.45 Aid and attendance__ 135.45 Aid and attendance___ 88.04 continuous period of 10 years or reach age 65 years______78. 75 Aid and attendance ______135. 45

1 Also available to Spanish War group veterans. However, such veterans generally are entitled to, and take, the higher service pension rates set forth in col. 3. Rates of pension to widows and children

If widow Widow was wife of Each addi- No widow, No widow, No widow, Each addl· For non-service-connected deaths Widow age 70 veteran Widow, 1 child tional 1 child 2 children 3 children tional during child child service

$27. 30 _____ $54.60 _____ Korean conflict, World War Il, World War!______$50.40 _____ ------$63 ______$7. 56 ______$40.95. ---- $7. 56. Spanish-American War, Philippine Insurrection, Boxer bellion: Act o! May 1, 1926, as amended ______$54.18------$67.73 _____ $62.31, $75.86 __ $8.13 ______$62.3L ____ $70.44_ ____ $78.57 _____ $8.13. Sec. 1, Public Law 144, 78th Cong., July 13, 1943 ____ ------$27.30 _____ $40.95 _____ $54.60 _____ $7.56. 0 Civil War, Indian wars------$40.64 _____ $54.18----- $67.73 _____ {$4~i'r.sl.62 ·31, }$8.13 ______$48.77 _____ $56.90 _____ $65.03. ---- $8.13. 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5951 Extension of Lease Purchase offices, branch offices and expansion of amendment are directed at trying to existing facilities. rectify some of these problems. The ba­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Aside from any considerations of merit sic reason for the philosophy behind the OF or demerit as they relate to lease pur­ bill remain as commanding as ever, and chase as such, there can be no argument it is a mistake, in my judgment, to kill HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER advanced that convinces me that this at this time a program that is so badly OF FLORIDA extended lease program is unsound, un­ needed. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES workable or unwise. It has proven itself Seventh. Much money and time and to the contrary. effort has been already expended in Wednesday, April 17, 1957 Considering the lease-purchase aspects planning a well-rounded program on a Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I intend of the bill I shall introduce, the following national basis under this act and this to introduce immediately a bill extending reasons seem to necessitate its extension should not be lost or destroyed at this the life of the lease purchase and ex­ for a reasonable period: time. tended lease program until June 30, 1960, First. It is obvious and has been for Eighth. This is the only way, through with amendments designed to make the some time that Congress is not going to financing, that the multi-million-dollar program more workable. The program meet this responsibility of Federal build­ financing deficit can be met soon enough otherwise expires July 22, 1957. ing and post office needs in the local to provide adequat~ services where Fundamentally, I believe the program communities through direct appropria­ needed. to be the most reasonable and acceptable tions. This is true despite the fact that approach to the ever-increasing problem authorized building in the District of Co­ of keeping up with Federal public build­ lumbia for Federal purposes is jumping What Price Culture ing needs, General Services and Post to an alltime high, to some $130 million, Office programs. not including the New House Office EXTENSION OF REMARKS It is essential that the extended lease Building. This is true despite the fact OF authority given the Postmaster under the that the needs in the local areas, in the Lease Purchase Act be continued. This Congressional districts, become ever more HON. JACK WESTLAND has proven to be a most effective weapon acute. This is especially true with the OF WASHINGTON in meeting the needs of the small com­ new economy wave that is sweeping the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES munities throughout the country. This Nation and Congress-with which I con­ Wednesday, April 17, 1957 is provided for in section 203 of Public cur-and which in itself justifies the Law 519, the Lease· Purchase Act and em­ lease-purchase approach to meeting this Mr. WESTLAND. Mr. Speaker, I powers the Postmaster General to enter problem. This is further true because would like to make some observations on into lease agreements for periods not ex­ our backlog of public building needs is so the activities of the State Department ceeding 30 years and to do other things great that the direct appropriations and their cultural exchange program to required to cary out the purposes of this needed to bring the program up to date date. provision. This extended lease authority and give the type of service to the people Since I believe that an exchange of is not available to the Post Office Depart­ at home to which they are entitled would ideas between nations is a good thing, I ment under the basic law and if this act be in the billions. suggested to the State Department that is not extended, then, this most effective perhaps it would be interested in helping Second. This is the most economical ·to send four youngsters who won the method of meeting the problem of post­ method of financing these projects over office needs in the smaller communities North American dairy cattle judging the long run without having to make championship to the world champion­ will not be available. - large construction appropriations at a There have . been hundreds of post ships in England in June. I received a time when the people are demanding great big "No." offices constructed under this program economy in government. that could not have been built without These four youngsters are typical, Third. The additional cost of rent as wholesome, fine young American farm long term lease arrangements. In my the result of moving to larger quarters is district as well as throughout the State people, who are the youngest judging self-liquidating by the additional busi­ team ever to win the United States na­ of Florida and the United States many ness turnover resulting from the addi­ urgent local needs have been met. tional judging contest, held at Waterloo, tional space and accommodations to Iowa, this year, and to go on to win the Using my district as an example, the patrons. following construction has in the last 2 North American continent champion­ Fourth. The entire program is based ships. Since they reside in my congres­ years been completed or is under way: upon the merits of the given projects and Dade City; 9,000 feet, estimated con­ sional district, I have had the oppor­ the greatest needs, rather than political tunity of meeting them. I can tell you struction cost $50,000. considerations, and this will continue to Zephyrhills, 4,200 feet, estimated con­ they are fine young Americans, teen­ be true so long as the GSA and the Bu­ agers we can view with pride. They come struction cost $20,000. reau of the Budget continue to handle st. Petersburg, 142,000 square feet, es­ from farm families of modest means, and the program of recommending projects. have earned their award through hard timated construction cost $1,300,000. Should Congress attempt to return to Interbay Branch, Tampa, 4,500 square work on the farm. only the direct appropriation program it The proposed trip would enable them feet, estimated construction cost $30,000. would result in district vying against dis­ to be in England for about a week. Pri­ The following construction has been trict for priority and favored treatment vate dairy people are attempting to raise approved and is being advertised or rather than meritorious consideration enough money for their expenses on the processed and thus the estimated cost alone. trip. I was interested in procuring travel is not available; Fifth. This lease-purchase program arrangements through the State Depart­ West Tampa Branch, 6,000 square feet. is only an alternative approach, addi­ ment's exchange program. Cattle ex­ Dale Mabry Branch, Tampa, 6,000 tional to the basic law and the direct ap­ perts say these outstanding 4-H judgers square feet. propriations approach. Congress can have an excellent chance to win the world Newport Richey, approximately 6,000 still, where and when the facts justify championship in England if they are square feet. it, authorize and appropriate for con­ able to compete. The following construction is being struction. This alternative is available I would like to refer to the remarks considered when the present lease terms to Congress at all times. This lease­ made yesterday by the gentleman from expire; size and cost is thus not yet esti­ purchase program and extended lease Arkansas [Mr. TRIMBLE], who pointed out mated: Ybor City, Tampa branch; program provides for an additional way the fine impression made by two young Tampa, mail-handling facility; Tarpon of meeting the need on a planned, me­ farm girls from India who came to visit Springs, St. Petersburg and Gulf Beaches, thodical and merit basis. in his district under the exchange pro­ two branches; Clearwater, additional Sixth. The Lease-Purchase Act has gram. I believe we could expect favor­ branch: Ruskin. not had adequate chance to operate to able results from sending these four I hope this gives an idea as to how im­ prove its true value. Admittedly, there young American farm people to England portant this extended lease program is are some shortcomings of the act, and to exhibit their skills against judging in meeting the problems of smaller post the amendments contained in my teams from around the world. 5952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 17 Now, I do not believe that every project among the American people to attend had a right to dissolve itself, to secede, was of this nature should be financed by the an international fair in Brussels, Bel­ settled forever. With this wonderful vic­ tory came also the greatest moral victory of Government. However, since we have gium. The object is to send American any nation in history. He led his people and approved vast sums to be spent on the musicals to Brussels at great cost to the they joined him in breaking the chains of cultural exchange program between our State Department, and then persuade slavery for millions born in an atmosphere Nation and others, I thought that this Americans to go overseas to see them, of freedom. Three million souls born to be would certainly reflect good will toward by spending $810,000 on a promotion slaves became free and soon a nation be­ our Nation, and would be a project that campaign for the trade fair. came aware of the fact that as the slaves were we could be proud of. This is big money, a grandiose type freed, so were their masters. The State Department has informed of promotion designed to dazzle. I think And so it was, as we look back to that time we can do more good by sending plain that our country was getting ready to en­ me that they cannot spend the small sum joy its finest moment. It had won its great­ of $3,000 or so to help send this team American citizens to exchange everyday est victories. Lincoln was happy and the to England. I was interested in finding ideas. people were rejoicing-the boys would soon out just what kind of talent it takes to I believe this Congress could well spend be home now. No more sow belly and beans, be financed by the State Department. more time looking into what kind of home and peace, a united Nation, it was A look at the record is most revealing. people we have directing these programs. wonderful. The State Department found it could Who is choosing for us the people and With this great achievement, however, the types of culture to be sent overseas Lincoln saw still other battles to be won. afford a sum of $133,000 so that Band They were in the political arena, and he knew Leader Dizzie Gillespie could reflect glory to impress the foreign population with they must be won on the basis of reason and honor on the United States by riding American ideals? It is obvious that and commonsense. This would be awfully down the streets of Buenos Aires dressed sending fine young farm people is not bard, but he must try. So as he had planned as a gaucho. It appears that we are being given consideration, but sending the battles of the war he now was plan­ interested in spreading be-bop before we bebop artists from our smoky dives is ning the battles for the peace and there was spread good farming practices. Gillespie considered hep international relations. no precedent for this either. He knew it drew $2,100 per week while teaching the would not be easy and he knew it would take time, and he knew that what was exactly Latin Americans to be cool cats. right would come gradually. We must take Looking further into the record we our time. So now the real pressure was find the Jose Limon Dance Co. received The Lowest Ebb of Our Country off, permitting him, the official family, and $43,801 to tour South America and teach bis family to look forward to some moments the natives there to tango and mambo. EXTENSION OF REMARKS of relaxation. And so, on the evening of the Then there is the globetrotting Tom Two OF 14th, he entered this theater with Mary, his Arrows, who this year had his listing wife, to see Our American Cousin. He was in HON. BEN F. JENSEN a box seat just above us 4 score and 12 years changed to Tom Dorsey. This veteran ago today. OF IOWA State Department cultural exhibit just We need not go into detail on what hap­ returned from a tour of Japan, Korea, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pened here on that day. All of us know Formosa, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Wednesday, April 17, 1957 too well the terrible story of the shot that Burma, and Malaya where he demon­ killed this great-hearted man. May I try for strated American culture, and the State Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, last Sun­ a few moments to review the reaction of a Department has received glowing re­ day, April 14, was the 92d anniversary Nation toward his passing-then from this, ports. of the assassination of President Abra­ call to your attention some significant ob­ The list of professional acts includes ham Lincoln. The Lincoln group of servations, from which we can learn some Washington, D. C., in cooperation with lessons for our time and which might be of many famous names in our field of en­ some value to us. tertainment, sent at a cost of $3 million. the National Park Service, held an ap­ Robert Browning Hamilton once said: Now, I believe that we should also have propriate observance at Ford's Theater, a few amateur attractions to show that the scene of the assassination, which "I walked a mile with sorrow has since become the famous Lincoln And ne'er a word said she; we have hard-working people in this But, oh the things I learned from her country who excel without selling their Museum. Our colleague, the Honorable When sorrow walked with me." talents. FRED SCHWENGEL, of Iowa, vice president of the Lincoln group, gave the address It was Good Friday when he was shot­ The State Department has sent a few one wonders-was this the hand of the Al­ amateur groups abroad. Included are for the occasion. He entitled his re­ mighty? He lived until Saturday morning; an amateur hockey team, distance run­ marks "The Lowest Ebb of Our Country." until 7:22. That day was a cold, rainy day. ners to Finland~ a track team to Ru­ Congressman SCHWENGEL is a lifelong He was in the Peterson house-hundreds of mania, the San Francisco Chinese-Amer­ student of the life and deeds of the Great people stood outside watching, wondering, ican basketball team, and also the world­ Emancipator. He knows his subject well hoping, and praying. Officials were coming f amous professional hoop squad, the and in his address last Sunday he gave and going from this brick house. Inside, new meaning to the growing importance Lincoln lay on a wooden bed in the rented Harlem Globe Trotters. room of William Clark. He hadn't been I do not believe that all of these groups of Lincoln's stature. I know that Con­ conscious from the time the bullet found did us good. Many of them were prob­ gressman SCHWENGEL considers it a great its mark the night before. Life was ebbing ably of great value in spreading our cul­ honor to deliver such an address. I can away. ture to foreign lands. I question strenu­ appreciate this deep sense of pride, be­ They did what they thought was best to ously the value of the State Department cause a few years ago it was my distinct keep him alive, but the doctors knew it spending $133,000 to send a jazz band to privilege to deliver the Lincoln Day couldn't be. memorial address at Ford's Theater. Rumors spread and soon the Nation was South America. I am not altogether to know that as they sacrified for the four certain that jazz is the type of culture Under leave to extend my remarks, I long years with Lincoln as leader and were we need to be spending that kind of am pleased to ask permission to have about to enjoy a great period of celebra­ money to spread. Congressman ScHWENGEL's fine address tion, they now were forced to mourn. Sor­ I believe the State Department could printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD row was with them once again. The Na­ do more toward cementing relations with so that all can share its message: tion began a period of mourning. More peo­ the youth of other nations of the world THE LoWEST EBB OF OUR COUNTRY ple shed tears over this death than any in the history of our Nation. Yes; maybe even by spending about $3,000 to send our (Address by Hon. FRED SCHWENGEL, of Iowa, the world. There were funeral sermons in judging team to England to compete in Ford's Th~ater, Sunday, April 14, 1957) almost every church and community. Edi­ the world championships. Prejudices Tomorrow morning at 7:22 o'clock, it wlll torials in every newspaper in the land and have less foothold in children than in be exactly 4 score and 12 years since the great muffled talk on the streets; in the homes. adults. These youngsters could do a real heart of Abraham Lincoln ceased to beat in It was on the lips of those in saloons and job of spreading American good will to mortal flesh. This happened at a time when the railroad cars. There was black bunting farm youths from many nations where be and the Nation that he led so nobly had and crepe everywhere. These were attempts reasons to feel that it stood on the pinnacle to say something that could not be said. our motives and system of government of its finest and most significant moment in Silence seemed to reign. Men tried to talk are misunderstood. history. After 4 years of sacrifice, bloodshed, about it and the words failed and they fell The State Department is also request­ and heartaches unmatched in the history of back to silenc.e. To say nothing seemed ing $810,000 to generate enthusiasm the world, the question of whether a nation best. They did go through the motions of 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5953 grief, and they did take their part in a na­ of love of country, of duty, and actually, of Then let us look at the last statement in tional funeral and the ceremony of humilia­ beauty of thought and style. Every Ameri­ his final inaugural address-"to do all which tion and abasement and tears. can ought to read it. In it Lincoln gave to may achieve a just and lasting peace-among Newsboys at their stands normally mak­ Congress the formal announcement of his ourselves and with all nations." ing a lot of noise but at this time they Emancipation Proclamation, together with We might ask ourselves-are we doing all cried no headlines. They handed the damp its facts and reasons and needs. He argued we can to bring peace and understanding sheets from the press to the buyers, wiping that two nations made out of our one, could among ourselves?-think for a moment on their tears as they sold their papers. In not reasonably exist. "There is no line some of our domestic difl'l.culties-race, labor thousands of stores the merchants told their straight or crooked suitable for a national and industry, and education. They are clerks they would close for the day. And boundary upon which to divide." "There is many-varied and complex-then we don't. on Monday, in many schools, the sobbing no possible severing of this but would multi­ really have to remind ourselves of the world teachers could only tell the children "Go ply and not mitigate, evils among us." Note tensions, do we? Are we doing all we can home, there will be no school today." the logic in his every word. He then pro­ to solve the problems that plague us? r 'I'he board of trade, operators in gold, were posed our Constitution be modified so that think not. shocked and closed the exchange. They his pet plan would prevail, that slaves would Let us then heed the admonitions of our couldn't transact business in this atmos­ be free and slave owners compensated. He forefathers and especially those of Lincoln. phere. In North Carolina a Negro in a said, "By mutual concession we should har­ Harken unto those great foundations of shanty barber shop told his first customer monize and act together. Without slavery truth and morality on whi.ch our country was that he wouldn't shave anybody that day, the rebellion could never have existed; with­ built. because he said, "Somethin's happen t<> out slavery it could not continue." Then we will know that as hate breeds Marse Linkum." How noble, how logical is every suggestion. contempt and ignorance breeds misunder­ Lincoln wasn't on the official roll of any Then came the famous last paragraph. It standing and poverty, so can the respect for church, but on Sunday every church did is probably 60 seconds in length. When we virtue in others make us more respected, penance-Catholic, Jew, and Protestant. read it we ask ourselves, Did anything and the sharing of our freedoms and liberties They could have and did have many differ­ grander ever come from the White House? will spread these virtues to other lands. ences. but in this they were united-thank­ "Fellow citizens, we cannot escape history. From these fine examples on our American ful that their God had given them a Lincoln We of this Congress and this administra­ heritage it is not bard to conclude that it is and mourned deeply his death. Seemed he tion will be remembered in spite of ourselves. our business to make other men wiser and might have been a member somehow of No personal significance or insignificance can better as we can find or make opportu,nity. every church. spare one or another of us. The fiery triat Let us then think on these and countless The tragic effect of this murder on the through which we pass will light us down, other thoughts, foundation truths of our South is strongly expressed in Herman Mel­ in honor or in dishonor, to the latest gen­ forebears-make them our rule and guide­ ville's poem, most effectively edited by Jim eration. We say we are for the Union. The then try to find ways to make our personal Bishop in his book The Day Lincoln Was world will not forget that we say this. We. and collective application of them to the Shot: know how to save the Union. The world problems of our time, remembering that th& "Good Friday was the day knows we do know how to save it. We­ words of a great seer-"that no doctrine, Of the prodigy and crime, even we here-hold the power and bear the faith, or knowledge is of value to man except When they killed him in his pity, responsibility. In giving freedom to the as it bears fruit in action." When they killed him in his prime. slave, we assure freedom to the free-hon­ Having done this, can anyone doubt that. They killed him in his kindness. orable alike in what we give and what we God will continue to bless America? In their madness in their blindness, preserve.. We shall nobly save or meanly Let us today then dedicate ourselves to our And they killed him from behind. lose the last. best hope of earth. Other unfinished task before us-emulating our means may succeed; this could not fail. forbears-doing those things, as they did, "He lieth in his blood­ The way is plain, peaceful, generous, just-­ that true wisdom dictates-realizing alwayg The Father in his face; a way which, if followed, the world will that right makes might and that if we would They have killed him, the forgiver­ forever applaud, and God must forever bless.•• attain our goal as Lincoln did, charity in all The Avenger takes his place. In this 1-minute paragraph there are a its senses must be our motive. Accepting "There is sobbing of the strong, total of 160 words-111 of them are 1-sylla­ these as our principal guidepost we will be And a pall upon the land; . ble words and 49 are 2-syllable words. Every well on the way toward attaining peace But the people in their weeping one a jewel set in a crown of logic. among ourselves and with all nations. Thu& Bare the iron hand: What a precious plea. To end the bloodiest we do great honor to our forefathers and Beware the people weeping war in history. especially to Abraham Lincoln. When they bare the iron hand." To sweep away the curse of slavery and selfishness. As we reflect and contemplate the almost Complete in justice-to all-even to the unbelievable problems of that time, one slaveowner. wonders how a Nation that had just gone Could purpose be more divine? The Dallas Tornado through the valley of the shadow of death Did mortal man ever use words for a nobler paid so dearly with so many human lives aim? EXTENSION OF REMARKS for its sins-then having won, and I believe How wise was Lincoln. How sad the OF somehow both sides in this war won-stood thought that men did not let his wisdom on the brink of enjoying and celebrating its then prevail. greatest achievement-could now stand the HON. W. J. BRYAN DORN But surely his God must forever bless OF SOUTH CAROLINA terrible shock of having to go into the dark­ the plea. est valley of sorrow ever experienced by any Let me at this point pose the question­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nation in the history of man. It seems as can we find some lessons or ideas in these 160 Wednesday, April 17, 1957 we look back now, too terrible a load for his words to end the terrible cold war today? people to carry-but they must. They could Mr. DORN of South Carolina. Mr. if-if, that is, they would harken and be Then there are those suggestions on con­ duct for a people and as a nation for our time Speaker, I believe sentiment is growing reminded, as Lincoln was, to what our fore­ the fathers said and did four score and seven and for all the world: in America among our States and years before. He said at Gettysburg that ··with malice toward none and charity to local communities to do as much as pos­ what they said and did about the great ob- all. sible for themselves without calling on 1ectives of Government was his goal-and he "With firmness in the right, as God gives the Federal Government. The people of certainly implied that they are our goals, too. us to see the right, let us strive on to finish Dallas, Tex., were stricken by a terrible The people must achieve them now without the work we are in; to bind up the Nation's tornado which caused over $4 million Lincoln as their leader. It seemed hard­ wounds; to care for him who shall have borne damage and took many lives. It is my but they now had, as we have, a forefather the battle, and for his widow, and his or­ that he did not have; one whose simple pro­ phan-to do all which may achieve and cher­ understanding that immediately after nouncements made so much sense. Volumes ish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves the tornado struck, insurance adjusters could be said about what he said that gave and with all nations." and investigators moved in to take care them sustenance for strength and courage in In this paragraph, this gem of completely of the people's claims. Carpenters, their hour of challenge, but I shall refer to Christian thought, this another of his mas­ brick masons, engineers, and the people only two short· paragraphs of his public terpieces, are exactly threescore and 12 words in general moved in the next morning statements. (72 in all) and 2 less than threescore of them and went to work to restore the damaged His annual message to Congress, dated. De­ are 2-syllable words and 1 word has 3 sylla­ property. Local contributions of time, cember l, 1862. has been nominated by many bles and it is "charity"-another and maybe money, clothes, and food poured in. A a student, at home and abroad, as the great­ nicer name for love. Christ said, didn't He. est state paper any American ever wrote. .. r give you one new law-that ye love one magnificent job was done by the city of With this I agree. The country's plight was another." This was the core-the central Dallas and the State of Texas. It is my then as desperate as it ever was. That mes­ idea of Lincoln's great objective-his life­ understanding that no official request for sage was a classic of truth, of philosophy, by precept and example. help to the Federal Government in 5954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 17 Washington was ever issued by the local But I must say, in fairness to those in to the general public. The fact is that the authorities. The people of Dallas will St. Louis and elsewhere who live in dread date on which we shall be able to offer flood insurance to the public is directly related to always remember with pride how every­ of new fiood damage while this whole action by the Congress. one chipped in and, at the local level, re­ program languishes in redtape, that it As you know, there is now pending before built the damaged portion of their great seems to me there has been much too the Subcommittee on Independent Offices of city. This is the kind of effort that made much delay downtown on this and that the House Appropriations Committee a sup­ America the Nation that it is today. there now appears to be a desire to blame plemental appropriation request which This is the kind of pride, frugality, and any and all delays on Congress. when approved by the Congress will provide thrift which will preserve this great Na­ The act was passed last year. There necessary funds. tion. I congratulate the people of the was no money included for the program A hearing on this request was held on April 3 and I am enclosing herewith a copy city of Dallas, Tex., on their splendid in the President's budget sent up here in of the justification of supplemental esti­ reaction to a major disaster. January. The initial request for funds mates and a copy of my statement before the did not arrive until last month. subcommittee, which you requested. I do I have checked with the Appropria­ not have a copy of my testimony to the sub­ tions Committee on this matter and I committee which you also requested. Flood Insurance Still in ALeyance have been informed that the proposed You will observe that the appropriation re­ funds for the fiood insurance program quest is for $50 million based on an initial Although All Details Are Said To Be insurance authorization of $3 billion as pre­ were not put on any urgent priority list scribed in the Federal Flood Insurance Act. Worked Out by the administration, and hence were This request is composed of two major not considered for any of the urgent items: EXTENSION OF REMARKS deficiencies or supplemental bills which The first item of $36 million is to be used, OF have been reported out so far. if needed, to pay losses in excess of premium SHOULD COME UP AFTER EASTER RECESS income estimated at $54 million. In short, HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN we anticipate having available for the pur­ OF MISSOURI Hence, this matter is being treated in poses of the disaster insurance fund loss re­ the usual manner of any rather routine serves aggregating $90 million. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES request for a supplemental appropria­ The second item of approximately $14 mil­ Wednesday, April 17, 1957 tion, and the reason it is so treated is lion is to be used for payments to the in· not by decision of the Appropriations surance companies, and agents and brokers, Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, in a for se111ng and servicing flood indemnity recent special order in the House, on Committee, as ·I understand it, but contracts, and to claim adjusters for adjust­ April 8, I was intensely critical of the rather by decision of the Bureau of the ing claims arising under these contracts. delays which have occurred in placing Budget, which has shown no sense of This money will be expended only as such into effect the Federal :flood insurance urgency about it. services are actually rendered. program authorized by Congress last Congress has just been subjected to In this connection, I should like to em­ year. a buck-passing, blame-placing fiasco phasize that: over deficiency postal funds, and the re­ The payments made to insurance com­ As I pointed out, people are experienc­ panies for issuing policies and performing ing :flood damage right now, with the sentments are deep in this entire House other related services on our behalf, are to heavy spring rains in many parts of the over the way this whole issue was reimburse them only for their out-of-pocket country, yet the official attitude has handled. I hate to see the Appropria­ costs, and do not include any profit, or ad­ seemed to be that the :floods should wait tions Committee again being blamed for ministrative overhead, or any other expense while the minute details of the program delay on the fiood insurance program, incident to the normal conduct of their are worked out to everyone's satisfac­ when it is not in any sense responsible business. The claims adjustment organiza­ tion-be!ore any policies are issued or for the delays which have occurred. tions are to be reimbursed for their services It is my understanding that this pro­ on a comparable basis. The agents and any businessmen or homeowners are brokers who sell the contracts are to be paid afforded some measure of protection posed appropriation for $50 million for on a commission basis which has not yet against disastrous fiood losses. payment of future losses and for pay­ been finally determined. Since then, I have received a great deal ment of agents' fees and adjusters' ex­ In effect, we are prepared to put into op­ of additional information from the Flood penses, and so on, will be considered by eration a wholly new insurance business Indemnity Administration of the Hous­ the committee along with other supple­ using for the purpose the facilities and the ing and Home Finance Agency, which mental items in a bill which will probably highly trained personnel of the insurance come out shortly after the Easter re­ industry at cost. This appears to us to be administers the new program, and have the most economical and effective way to put been assured that the details are now cess. I wish this had been earmarked this program into operation promptly. being worked out, and are just about all by the Budget Bureau as among the kind As a consequence, the staff of the Federal completed. of high-priority items taken up in the Flood Indemnity Administration can be kept Now, we are informed, the delay is at bill we passed earlier this week which relatively small. Our functions will include the door of Congress-that nothing can contained postal funds. policy formulation, supervision of program be done until Congress appropriates LETl'ER CONTAINS MORE DETAILS ON RATES operations by the insurance companies, set­ tlement df claims for losses, and research. funds for the payment of possible future In Mr. Meistrell's latest letter to me, The administrative costs of this agency can losses once the policies are issued and Mr. Speaker, there are some additional thus be kept comparatively low, especially also appropriates funds for the payment details on the probable rate structure during the early years when the program of private insurance companies of agents' for this insurance and on other aspects is largely experimental. fees, claim adjusting costs, et cetera. of the program which I believe will be You asked me also what the cost will be LETI'EK FROM COMMISSIONER MEISTRELL of interest to many of the Members as for this insurance. This raises the whole question of rates which has been our most This situation is outlined in some de .. well as to all of those who are anxious to buy fiood insurance once the program difficult problem. tail, Mr. Speaker, in a letter which I ha-ve For the major classes of risks, our net rates received from the Commissioner of the is underway. (after application of the subsidy) will range Federal Flood Indemnity Administration, The text of the letter from Mr. Meis­ from $1 to $2.50 per $100 of insurance on an Mr. Fran~ J. Meistrell, and in fairness to trell, dated April 15, is as follows: 80 percent coinsurance basis. Within this him, I am inserting the full text of his HOUSING AND range, the rates will be different in various HOME FINANCE AGENCY, parts of the country depending upon con­ letter at the conclusion of these remarks. FEDERAL FLOOD siderations of flood frequency and flood dam­ I will say, in comment on it, that I am INDEMNITY ADMINISTRATION, age in such areas. pleased all of the details have been Washington, D. C., April 15, 1957. On the basis of available data, we have es­ worked out for cooperation between the Hon. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN, tablished a separate set of rates for each Federal agency administering the pro­ House of Representatives, major river basin in the United States, and gram and the private insurance firms Washington, D. C. for the more highly exposed areas along the which will handle the sale of the insur­ DEAR MRS. SULLIVAN: I am pleased to give Atlantic and gulf coasts. We believe that ance on a nonprofit basis. you the following information in answer to these rates reflect varying degrees of ex­ your inquiry concerning the present status posure, ascertainable at this time, and that I will say I am delighted that things of the Federal flood-indemnity program. they are marketable, as required by the Fed· have been brought to the point that the I wish I could give you, and many others eral Flood Insurance Act. program can get underway if money is who have inquired, a definite answer as to The rating system we have devised will of made available. when flood insurance will be made available course be refined and improved, ·as we gain 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5955 experience. But it makes possible flood pro· equipped Reserve forces in being, cap­ The guard has constantly demon­ tection for the people this program is in· able of immediate mobilization and al­ strated its ability to meet the require­ tended to help-the home owners and bus!· most concurrent entry into battle sta­ by nessmen of modest means who are exposed ments imposed upon it Congress. It to flood hazards. The insurance industry is tions. I have no hesitancy in predicting has furnished trained units and individ­ prepared to market flood indemnity c0ntract11 that with all National Guard recruits uals in times of catastrophe and need, , at these rates. receiving 6 months of basic training and is deserving of strong and continued Mindful of the constant need for economy after their enlistment the level of train­ support in its efforts to increase its com­ in our operations, we have given considerable ing of the Army National Guard will bat potential and capability for our thought to the question of large losses being rise, and more than ever before the common defense. incurred in excess of income derived from Guard will justify the position which the these rates. Certain safeguards have, there· !ore, been incorporated into the program: Congress has given it, the first line of 1. The amount of insurance which can be defense for our country. sold to any person or corporation is limited The Army National Guard has done Our National Defense in the Atomic Age to $250,000, and $10,000 on a dwelling and an outstanding job of attracting and re­ its contents. taining in its ranks on a voluntary basis EXTENSION OF REMARKS 2. The total amount of insurance in force over 400,000 young men who have con­ wm not be the measure of the Government's OF liability as most losses arising under these sistently demonstrated an intense in­ contracts will in all probability be partial terest and desire to serve their country. HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT losses. Moreover, flood indemnity contracts One of the provisions of the memoran­ OF PENNSYLVANIA will contain dollar and percentage deduct­ dum of understanding, agreed to by both IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ibles which will tend to reduce nuisance the Army and the guard, was that the claims. strength of the Army National Guard Wednesday, April 17, 1957 3. The flood indemnity contracts will be should not be permitted to fall below Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, on sold nationwide. Since all exposed places 400,000. April 16, 1957, it was my privilege to ad­ wm not have damaging floods at the same time, the fundamental principle of insur­ It must be definitely understood, how­ dress the Pennsylvania State Society, ance will apply, namely, the contributions of ever, that what the committee and the Daughters of the American Revolution, the many to pay for the losses of the few. parties to the agreement had in mind, at the Shoreham Hotel, Washington,. You will also find enclosed three different in establishing this figure, was that the D. C., on the subject Our National De­ sets of answers which we have prepared to strength of 400,000 for the Army Na­ fense in the Atomic Age. various questions that have been asked us tional Guard was to be considered The address follows: from time to time. a We deeply appreciate your interest in this floor and not, in any respect, a ceiling. It is a pleasure to have this opportunity to program. If we can be of further service to The increased international responsi­ appear before so noteworthy an audience rep· you at any time, please let us know. bilities thrust upon this country dictat­ resenting as it does the best and most endur­ Sincerely yours, ing ideals of American womanhood and citi· ing increased worldwide commitments zenship. FRANK J. MEISTRELL, for our active Armed Forces require that During my years in public life I have de­ Commissioner, Flood Indemnity Ad­ our Reserve forces be maintained in a ministration. veloped admiration for your activities on a constant state of readiness and that national scale as reflected in your annual there be no reduction in their strength continental congress here in Washington. and training. However, it has ·been Your endeavors to restore and mark places brought to my attention that the De­ of great historic importance and your intense Reserve Forces Act of 1955 partment of the Army has projected a interest in the great problems facing our 1958 fiscal year end strength for the country are among your laudable objectives. EXTENSION OF REMARKS I am especially happy to speak to you as Army National Guard of 400,000. Now, my neighbors in Pennsylvania on a subject OF at the present time, the Army National which has been of vital importance to the. HON. OVERTON BROOKS Guard has already obtained a strength Daughters of the American Revolution since of approximately 430,000, and it can be its founding. OF LOUISIANA reasonably anticipated that this strength I share your conviction that continued lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will gradually increase as more and more public interest in an adequate national de­ Wednesday, April 17, 1957 fense is vital if we are to maintain our wo1·ld emphasis is put on the acquisition of position and strength in order to preserve our Mr. BROOKS of Louisiana. Mr~ trained men for the guard ranks. liberty and freedom. Speaker, since the enactment of the Re­ Last year the Congress appropriated In discussing the subject of our national serve Forces Act of 1955 I have made it for a 1957 fiscal year end strength of defense in the atomic age, it is of interest a policy to make periodic reports to the 425,000 and, it is my understanding, that Congress is currently considering the ad­ Congress on the implementation of that that the Appropriations Committee re­ ministration's request for a $38.5 billion de­ peatedly stated that it desired no cessa­ fense budget, the largest in 2 years. law and the Reserve forces generally. These funds are required for the mainte· I know the Members ·are aware of th~ tion in National Guard recruiting. nance of. our Armed Forces at their present Eecent controversy between the Army In view of this, it is my earnest hope strength and for the development of a wide National Guard and the Department of that the Congress will place no limita­ range of new powerful weapons. the Army which came about because of tions on the National Guard for fiscal In examining this request many of us ask ourselves whether or not such enormous ex­ an Army directive requiring Army ~a­ year 1958 which would serve to restrict tional Guard recruits to participate in recruiting activity at a time when it is penditure is rf'ally necessary for our national now on a steady ascent. I realize, of security. the 6-morith basic training program. We wonder if this huge and expensive De­ The differences between the Guard and course, that, for budget purposes, we fense Establishment is becoming an unbear­ the Army were resolved after lengthy must have an appropriations limitation able drain on our national economy. hearings before the subcommittee of on the overall strength of the Army Na­ Some critics contend that it is a waste to which I am chairman. We were able to tional Guard. But I believe this continue our national defense program at its obtain the unqualified approval of the strength figure should be set sufficiently present level, now that Stalin is dead. high so as to not impair National Guard They further state the present Soviet Army and the National Guard to a leadership has no intention of attacking the memorandum of understanding which recruiting in the next fiscal year. United States. alleviated their differences. The budget now under consideration In addition, they argue that the Russians The required 6 months' training pro­ provides for only 25,000 6-month have altered their doctrine and strategy and, gram for all guard recruits will have the trainees for the Army National Guard, hence, are no longer determined to com­ effect of providing the Army National whereas a more realistic figure would be munize the world. Guard with persons already trained in approximately 50,000. Any restriction Fellow Americans, let me assure you that the basic arts of war and ready to enter on National Guard recruiting at this this is not true. time, to my mind, would be a grave mis­ Today the Soviet Union and Communist upon the advanced and unit training China maintain the largest military force in phases in the Army National Guard. take and cause untold injury to the pro­ history. This is necessary because the technique jected plans and programs for increasing Ex.eluding the armies of North Korea and and pace of modern warfare, in this age the efficiency and combat capability of Vietminh, the Russian and Chinese Commu­ of possible sudden disaster. requires well- our Reserve forces. nists forces number well over 11 million men. 5956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 17

The Russians alone have an army of 2~ I believe that there are two major require­ use of tactical atomic weapons if the Com­ million ground troops. ments for a sound defense policy in this munists use only conventional-type weapons. The security of Western Europe ls con­ atomic age. When the Soviet Union is able to bomb tinually threatened by 31 Soviet divisions First, we must mai tain and develop our the United States with nuclear weapons the stationed on satellite territory. capacity to retaliate massively against any risk that a local atomic war might spiral Since World War II the Soviets have re­ power that launches a thermonuclear attack 1nto an all-out conflict would be too great. equipped their armed forces with a complete on the continental United States. This means that our Armed Forces must new family of powerful small arms, artillery, Second, we must maintain and develop our possess a dual capability, namely: armor, and transportation equipment. capacity to fight small or limited wars with (a) The capability to fight with conven­ They have constructed a fleet of over 450 the use of either tactical atomic weapons or tional arms, using conventional tactics for submarines and are aiding Red China in of conventional arms as the circumstances some types of conflict; and modernizing the huge Chinese Army. may require. (b) With atomic weapons using atomic The communist bloc is also pushing ahead Let me further develop these points. tactics for other types of combat. rapidly in the development of guided mis­ We are living today under the shadow of Therefore, it is necessary to maintain our siles and in the buildup of their atomic and atomic and hydrogen bombs. Armed Forces at their present strength and bydrogen stockpiles. In testimony before the Senate during its continue to supply them with conventional For example, since the first of this year we inquiry into airpower last year th~ Nation's equipment. have learned of a series of atomic bomb tests top military experts pointed out that the We must also train them in the use o by Russia. Soviet Union now has the capabillty of strik­ tactical atomic weapons and supply them They are training scientific and technical ing a devastating blow at the United States. with the latest models in our small atomic­ personnel at a rate which will seriously Gen. Nathan Twining, chief of the Air weapons system. threaten the lead of the West in scientific Force, said in part: Let us now turn our attention to our exist­ skill within a few years. "In looking to the future our plans and ing Defense Establishment and the problem If the Soviets have changed their nature programs must be oriented toward coun­ of its continued development. since Stalin's death there are few signs of it. tering the Soviet capability. Testimony by leading Defense Department Witness their sly maneuvering in the Mid­ "As the Soviet war potential increases, authorities has given convincing evidence dle East, where they are fanning fanatical particularly in intercontinental striking that we do have a balanced defense system. nationalism through anti-Western propa­ capability, this becomes even more valid. and at a cost which our national economy ganda. "Such a potential will give the Soviet a can support. Certainly the Communist ideology has not continuing ability to attempt to deliver at Secretary of Defense Charles Wilson re­ changed since Stalin's death. any time of his choosing, with or without cently pointed out that "the forces envisaged · The Soviet leaders still preach the in­ warning, a crucial blow against us. in the long-range program of the Depart­ compatibility of the Communist system and "Thus for the foreE,,.eable future we must ment of Defense constitute by far the largest Western society. maintain in constant protected readiness a M11ltary Establishment that this country has Mr. Khrushchev, after having labeled Sta­ retaliatory force of sufficient strength to deter ever undertaken to maintain for an indefi­ lin a murderer and a tyrant, recently stated an attack, or to insure ultimate victory if nite period of time." that he was nonetheless a great Marxist and general war occurs." Secretary Wilson continued by saying: "'fighter of imperialism in the class war." Therefore, it is evident the maintenance of "With the incorporation into our Military Khrushchev said quite openly that in this atomic-hydrogen power, as a deterrent force, Establishment of the new weapons that we respect the present Kremlin leadership is requires the stockpiling of sufficient quanti­ have developed, they constitute a force of Stalinist in its attitude. ties of fissionable material and the develop­ tremendous striking power which, in my With this attitude on the part of Soviet ment of airpower as a means of delivery. opinion, adequately provide for our national leaders the quest for peace remains in­ From information released to the public it security at this time." creasingly difficult. appears that both the United States and the He added: No one realizes more than I do the folly of Soviet Union have reached the position of "It is also my feeling that these powerful an arms race. being able to wage atomic warfare. United States forces continue to make a. Certainly every effort should be made to Working from published evidence and his major contribution to peace and stability in reach a sound agreement with the Soviet own special knowledge, a British physicist Union on the rPduction of armaments. the international field." recently estimated that the United States Fellow Americans, as a member of the But sound agreement involves interna­ probably has stockpiled material for the tional control and inspection. House Armed Services Committee and the manufacture of 35,000 atomic weapons as Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic It, therefore, tallows that until such an opposed to Soviet stockpiles for approxi­ effective systP.m can be established for the Energy, I agree with Secretary Wilson that mately 10,000. our present retaliatory deterrent force is entire world we must remain constantly Our Strategic Air Command today is the alert in our defense and push ahead with much more powerful than it was a year ago. means of delivering our thermonuclear Under plans outlined in the President's our weapons development. power. We cannot afford to take a chance on any 1958 budget this force will be strengthened From bases encircling the Soviet Union. in both power and effectiveness. weak disarmament plan based solely on the SAC can strike the Soviet Union within hours good faith of the Soviets. The present number of bomber wings in after an attack on the West: SAC-numbering 11 wings of B-52's with 45 A mistake in judgment on this crucial is­ To maintain and develop SAC as our first sue could mean our destruction. bombers per wing-will be maintained. line of defense we must steadily push re­ Plans have been made to accelerate the Confronted as we are with Soviet hostility search and experimentation in weapons, and with their refusal to cooperate on a fighter program. piloted aircraft, and guided missiles. Increased stockpiles of more powerful and sound disarmament system it is horrifying Above all, we must keep pace with Soviet to imagine what might happen to us if we more diversified nuclear weapons are being advances. made available to SAC at bases all over the do not maintain and develop our defense. Bases circling the Communist bloc must be We must remain vigilant. world. maintained. Research in the ballistic missile program, We must be prepared at all costs to oppose Because it is upon this first line of defense Communist aggression in any form. now highly accelerated and on atomic-pow­ that our national survival may depend. ered• aircraft, holds great promise for the . Therefore, let us now consider what we The second requirement of a sound na­ need to defend the United States adequately. future capabilities of SAC. tional defense policy is the ability to cope It is our hope to be first in developing We cannot forget the impact of atomic­ with local aggression in small wars. hydrogen weapons on our defense system. the intercontinental ballistic missile which We must take into account the possibility will enable us to strike the enemy with Surely we have all been made aware of that small tactical atomic weapons may be the new scientific age in which we are liv­ pilotless craft, armed with atomic or hydro­ used in a. local conflict rather than conven- gen warheads. ing. tional arms. • In this connection, the President's plan The development of ground-to-air and air­ for the peaceful uses of the atom has pro­ This means that our Armed Forces must to-air missiles for our continental defense vided some indication of the revolution in develop offensive and defensive tactics geared system is also being accelerated. living which we will experience when the to the use of a variety of small atomic The Air Force has developed the Falcon ' effects of nuclear power are fully felt. weapons. and the Navy the deadly Sidewinder, both Until now, however, primary emphasis on At the same time we must also be prepared of which are now in quantity production. nuclear research has stressed the destruc­ for local attacks that are confined to non­ The Air Force is currently concentrating tive aspect of the atom in the weapons field. atomic weapons. on the Bomarc, a. long-range missile of The effect of the atom on m111tary strategy According to the estimates of military ex­ supersonic speed, while the Army will further has completely altered former concepts of de­ perts the Soviet Union will soon possess a develop both Nike and Talas. fense and war. capability for atomic destruction equal with The Armed Forces of the United States Today we cannot think of an adequate the United States. have a total strength of over 2,800,000 men defense system without first taking into full This wm establish a nuclear stalemate. and women. consideration the destructive force of atomic­ In such a stalemate, the United States may The Army, according to Secretary Wilber hydrogen weapons. find that it will be difficult to initiate the Brucker, represents the most "thoroughly 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5957 equipped and superbly trained army" that The present program of the Navy and Ma­ program would involve a serious problem or this Nation has ever put into the field. rine Corps serves to maintain a high state difficulty. These forces, together with our strategic of immediate readiness, while instituting· In either case, it seems to me to suggest a Reserve, are ready to fight at any moment some very basic and revolutionary changes definite misgiving on the part of the Presi­ should the need arise. in naval weapons systems and strategy. dent, a doubt as to whether terminating the This readiness constitutes an impressive The readiness of the Navy was strikingly program is really going to be as easy and deterrent against aggression. demonstrated during the recent Suez crisis simple as a company commander ending a In support of our mutual defense alliances, by the rapid deployment of a large part of drill period with the order, "Fall out." and other arrangements, 40 percent of our our fieet and by the evacuation of our na­ In either case, the President's reference Army is stationed overseas in 73 countries. tionals from Egypt. to a constitutional amendment in this con­ Army missions in 44 nations in Europe, Fellow Americans, tn concluding my dis­ nection ought to be so effective a warning Asia, and Latin America are directly en­ cussion of our national defense in the atomic to the Congress and the American people gaged in helping to train more than 200 age, I join millions of other Americans in that it will be the kiss of death for this or allied foreign divisions-a large part of the accepting our Military Establishment, the any similar proposal for Federal aid to edu­ free world's military strength. projected program for the development of cation-and I earnestly hope it will be just Considerable progress is being made ln our military capabilities, as being adequate that. matters of organization, research, and devel­ in meeting the requirements of our defense Furthermore, if adoption of this or any opment in the Army. program for the maintenance of United program of Federal aid to education does Under plans now being implemented the States and free world security. in fact involve the likelihood or possibility major combat units of our ground force are that we are starting something which will being reorganized into the so-called pentomic require a constitutional amendment to stop, divisions, which improve the ability of the now is the time to know it; now is the time Army to fight effectively under conditions of to face up to the fact, and now is the time atomic warfare without losing their ability Federal Aid to Education to stop such a program, once and for all. to conduct conventional war. Indeed, it would be well for Congress and We are also organizing atomic support EXTENSION OF REMARKS the American people to earnestly consider units, which are particularly suitable in pro­ OF adoption of a constitutional amendment viding atomic support for the forces of our now, spelling out definitely and decisively allies in combat. HON. RALPH W. GWINN the proposition that the financing and con­ Research and experimentation are pro­ OF NEW YORK trol of education and educational policy in gressing in the development of new weapons the United States shall hereafter be specifi­ systems. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cally reserved to the States, or to the people. As a result, we are stockpiling our arsenal Wednesday, April 17, 1957 I intend, as a Member of Congress, to ex­ with an adequate variety of atomic weapons plore to the fullest the potentialities of such precisely tailored to our needs, and which Mr. GWINN. Mr. Speaker, under per­ a step. can be used accurately against close or dis­ mission to extend and revise my remarks, The temptation is strong to elaborate on tant targets. I include the following address on Fed­ the implications of such an amendment. At the same time, emphasis is being placed eral Aid to Education delivered today by Particularly, I would like to point out its on the continued improvement of conven­ my colleague, the Honorable AuausT E. potential effect in restoring to the States, tional weapons needed to accomplish many the local units of government, and our citi­ JOHANSEN, of Michigan, before the 66th zens, an acute awareness of their rights, tasks for which atomic weapons would be Continental Congress of the Daughters wholly unsuitable. responsibilities, and capabilities in this area The element of flexibility is similarly being of the American Revolution, meeting in of activity so vital to progress, freedom, and stressed by the Navy. Washington, D. C.: constitutional self-government. The most important offensive weapon de­ Two weeks ago today, on April 3, the Presi­ Such ?, step would, I believe, be a powerful veloped by the Navy is the mobile airbase­ dent of the United States held a White House antidote to the real opiate of a free people­ the new carrier Forrestal. news conference. the illusory doctrine and dogma that the In the event of global war this type of ship By way of opening my discussion of the solution of all problems, and of the problems will serve to defend the continental United subject of Federal aid to education, I quote of education in particular, must depend in­ States, and at the same time project our air a question asked at that news conference, creasingly upon Federal action, Federal fi­ striking power into the enemy's territory. and the President's reply. nancing, and the exercise of Federal author­ In case of local" war 1t will supplement our A newspaper correspondent asked: ity. land-based airpower, or supply airpower I resist that temptation because of the. "Sir • • • you said earlier tax cuts would greater and more immediate urgency of dis­ where land bases are limited or nonexistent. be possible because some of these programs The Navy is also pushing its aircraft and cussing the proposal currently before Con­ are not permanent. They are temporary. gress, in support of which both the Congress missile-development program. Could you identify 1 or 2 of these?" Several types of advanced aircraft, oper­ and the American people will be bombarded, The transcript of the President's reply, by high-voltage propaganda, increasingly in ating from mobile carrier bases, have already verified at the White House, is as follows:_ the weeks just ahead. been added to the fleet. "For example, I recommend the school With regard to this proposal for Federal Of particular importance ls the new Sky­ program for 4 years; I want 4 years, and I assistance to the States for school construc­ hawk, a light attack plane with high-speed want it stopped, if necessary by a constitu­ tion, I wish to make just two points: and high-altitude performance, capable of tional amendment. I just want it stopped First, I should like to document the fact carrying atomic weapons. there. I don't want to go into anything we that there are numerous determined and The development of sea-based ballistic can't continue, that we shouldn't continue." powerful advocates of this specific legislation, missiles will prove to be immeasurably im­ The school program to which the President both in education and in Government, whose portant by adding variety and dispersability referred is, of course, the proposed Federal . avowed desire and design for America is all­ to our deterrent capabilities. assistance to the States for school construc­ out, all-type Federal aid to education on a The Navy is making the transition from tion, again currently before the Congress. permanent basis and on an ever-expanding guns to missiles very rapidly. I believe the President is completely sincere scale-time-wise, dollar-wise and program­ The cruisers Boston and Canberra have in saying that he wants this program only on wise. been converted and a third, Galveston, is a so-called emergency, onetime, one-shot, For them this particular legislation ls use­ being readied. temporary, terminal basis. He has repeat­ ful and important primarily because it would Under the present program the Navy en­ edly so stated to the Congress, and he has successfully establish a principle; because it visages a total of 21 missile ships before the indicated some of the very valid reasons why ls, in the words of Adlai Stevenson to the end of 1958. the program shouldn't continue on a perma­ National Education Association convention The Navy is also making the transition nent basis. in July 1955, "just a beginning." And Mr. to nuclear power as rapidly as possible. Heretofore I have also always believed that Stevenson urged, as an illustration of what The submarine Nautilus, the pioneer ship the President was completely convinced that he had in mind, that "over the longer run tn this development, has now steamed more it is possible to have the program on such it may be best, it seems to me, not to tie than 55,000 miles without a single disabling a terminal basis-a view, incidentally, I have Federal assistance to specific purposes, such casualty. never shared. as school construction, but rather to µiake Its reactor has now been refueled after Now, however, I am not so sure as to the unrestricted cash grants to the States on a 2 years of service. . President's own certainty on this point- per pupil basis. State governments would The nuclear-powered submarine intro­ 1n view of his amazing and enigmatic ref­ then have much greater flexibility to dis­ duces a new weapon into naval warfare. erence to stopping the program "if necessary tribute these funds among local school dis­ It can sink ships, it can serve as a. radar by a constitutional amendment." tricts for whatever purpose would most ef­ picket ship, it can seek out and destroy en­ I will not speculate as to whether this fectively advance education." emy submarines, and most important of all, statement was made by the President in com­ This year, as for several years past, the it can serve potentially as a base for the plete seriousness or facetiously in an effort official platform of the NEA advocates, with­ launching of ballistic missiles. to discount the idea that terminating the out reference to any temporary or terminal 5958 CONGRESSIONAL ~ .CORD-· HOUSE· April._ 17 basis for the program "financial assistance One final example~ Dr. Theodore Brameld, tonomy in education is to be maintained, the from the Federal Government to the States professor of educational philosophy at New States and communities must meet their • • • for the support of public education." York Universlty--of whom more later-in future needs with their own resources and As .a further clarification of the permanent his book Toward a Reconstructed Philosophy the Federal-grant program must terminate." and expanding type of this Federal participa­ of Education, published in 1956, urges The key words, In that statement, are: "If tion envisioned by the leadership of this "• • • the United States should spend an­ State and local autonomy in education is to organization, I call attention to the testi­ nually at least $35 billion on education, be maintained." mony of Dr. William G. Carr, executive secre­ nationally and internationally, during the That, in plainest possible language, means tary of the NEA, to a Senate committee in next quarter-century. • • • Moreover, not "if State and local control of education are 1955: less than half of this amount should come not to be replaced and supplanted, albeit "As long as our schools are cut off from from the Federal Treasury" (p. 295) • gradually and at the outset imperceptibly, the most powerful and efficient and 'Produc­ What a pity that the House Subcommittee by Federal control of education." tive form of taxation that we have (Federal on Education did not secure for its record Unfortunately, most of the advocates of taxation, of course) so long will they fail to the testimony of these determined and reck­ Federal aid to education on a permanent receive a reasonable share of the great wealth less advocates of transfer of tlle responsi­ and expanding basis lack either the percep­ and income of our country." bility for public school financing to the Fed­ tion, or the honesty, or the courage to face There is nothing terminal or temporary eral Government, thereby putting the Con­ squarely this inevitable corollary of Federal about that philosophy of Federal aid to edu- gress and the American people on full and control. cation. . fair notice as to how truly, compared with One advocate who does unblinkingly face In February of last year, Dr. John K. Nor­ their desires and designs, current proposals up to this reality-and for his own ideologi­ ton, head of the department of educational are just a beginning. cal background and associations or his cur­ administration at Teachers College, Columbia To pooh-pooh these proposals for gargan­ rent proposals I have neither sympathy nor University, declared: tuan expansion of Federal activity and respect-is Dr. Theodore Brameld, whom I "Even if $500 million a year were voted financing in the field of public education as have already quoted. for school-building aid, it would represent merely the harmless pipedreams of dwellers Dr. Brameld does not flinch at Federal only a first step toward adequate Federal par­ in ivory towers ls to ignore the potential control of education. He advocates estab­ ticipation in the financial support of educa­ eagerness of powerful educational lobbyists, lishment of a permanent Federal Educa­ tion in the United States." of a few socialist-minded and power-hungry tional Authority. Dr. Edgar Fuller, executive secretary of the labor leaders, and the would-be political In that connection may I point out that Council of Chief State School Officers, whose beneficiaries of an all-powerful centralized the NEA and the American Association of chief argument for Federal aid to educa­ Federal Government to join forces to give School Administrators are on record as fa­ tion before congressional committees is that substance to the pipedreams. voring creation of a National Board of Edu­ the Federal Government now discriminates Small wonder President Eisenhower sug­ cation as an independent agency, which against education by limiting its Federal­ gests the possible necessity of recourse to a would select a Commissioner of Education aid bribes ("incentives" is the gentler word Constitutional amendment to set limits and responsible to the Board. he uses) to stimulate State spending to high­ call a halt to the relatively modest program Dr. Brameld asserts "the need for edu­ way and other welfare programs, and that it of Federal assistance for school construction cational designs that • • • are parts of an must offer some competitive bribery in be­ he has felt constrained to propose. organic whole embracing schools everywhere half of education, has urged that "Federal And now, briefly, my second point-the in the Nation and the world." matter of Federal control of education. More specifically, he contends that edu­ assistance for school facilities be at least It is absurd and, I think, an insult to one-third the amount of Federal assistance your intelligence to suggest that any transfer cators "in agreeing. to Federal aid • • • for highways during the next decade, in order of responsibility for public education to the acknowledge that final responsibility for that competition for State [matching] funds Federal Government and Federal finances, on schooling can no longer rest so exclusively may be equitable." the scale envisioned in the statements I have where it has rested in the past--with the Governor Williams, of Michigan, who has cited, can be accomplished without a trans­ localities or States." a known aversion for moderation, has pro­ fer of control over education. And he further argues that those who posed a 5-year program of $16 billion-plus­ · Yet it is stoutly argued in recent testi­ "separate the questions of Federal aid and compared with the President's one-time-only mony before the House subcommittee that Federal control" take the position that program of $2 billion, spread over a 4-year there is no threat of Federal control. "whereas they are willing that . Congress, period. And it is pointed out that the proposed as the representatives of the people, should Finis E. Engleman, Connecticut commis­ current legislation includes provisions that provide funds, they are · not willing that sioner of education, writing in the October there must not be any Federal control. the representatives of the people should 1955 NEA Journal, said: · How, as a practical matter, may I ask, can control them." "Since for many years funds (from Federal there be a massive transfer of citizen, com­ This, Dr. Brameld concludes, "implies a sources] will only be sufficient to supplement munity and State dependence for financial distrust in representative gove!'nment that the State and local efforts, some safeguards Congressmen who hold genuinely democratic support without a measure of transfer of convictions should resent." must be erected to insure the continuan,cb c.ontrol, regardless of these puny and tem­ of local and State efforts to finance their Finally he advocates an education system porary prohibitions. that is supported heavily by Federal taxa­ schools." One answer, of course, is that even to I said last July that "the import of these tion (supplemented by local resources) and achieve the comparatively modest degree of controlled by the majority; that gears cur­ words is that someday funds from Federal participation in Federal aid proposed by the sources will do all-or, at least, the bulk-of riculums, teaching, guidance, and admin­ President's school building bill, many States istration to the purposes of the economy of the job." And I have been told that this must change their tax structure and their was reading entirely too much into Dr. Engle­ abundance, political order, scientific society, school district setup-or face the prospect and esthetic pattern, and that brings news­ man's statement. of Federal taxation without participation. Be that as it may, I defy you to read "too papers, radio chains, and other instruments much" into the statements of the amazing To argue that because tomorrow, or next of public enlightenment into direct co­ trio of educators and economists who ad­ year, there may not be Federal interference operation with education and under similar dressed the American Association of School in, or dictation of, curriculum, educational controls. Administrators at Atlantic City on February standards or administrative policies, and con­ What, then, is the conclusion of this 18 of this year. clude that therefore there ls no actual or matter? Economist Beardsley Ruml described Mr. potential Federal control of education, and On the darker side, the warning of Dr. Eisenhower's current proposal as a "harm­ no threat of such Federal interference and Leonard D. White, of the University of Chi­ less gesture of good intent," but "wholly in­ dictation subsequently, is to miss the whole cago, national authority on State-Federal adequate," and evasive of what he termed point and meaning of control. relationships, a warning of particular import "the central duty of Federal support for the The unfortunate widow who signs over title with respect to education in these United public schools." Mr. Ruml proposed an im­ to her home to a greedy relative in return States: mediate Federal grant of $750 million a year, for an ill-defined promise of financial sup­ "If present trends continue for another which would increase until it reached $3 lf2 port loses control of that home the moment quarter century, the States may be left billion in 1962. No termination of the p.ro­ she delivers the deed-not at some indefinite hollow shells, opera ting primarily as the gram was suggested, so far as I can deter­ future when the new owner begins to dictate field districts of Federal departments and mine. her activities or serves an eviction notice. dependent upon the Federal Treasury for Prof. Seymour Harris, of Harvard, proposed The ominous threat of Federal control of their support." · a start of $600 million a year now, With education, it seems to me, ls clearly recog­ On the brighter side, the knowledge that $6 billion a year by 1965. nized and underscored by a statement of if, beginning with the problem of current Prof. Lester V. Chandler, of Princeton, President Eisenhower in his special message school-building shortages, we wm patiently, didn't bother with specific figures. He sim­ of January 28 of this year: painstakingly and persistently bring to bear ply advocated that "financing education President Eisenhower said: the resources of leadership, finance, and or­ should be primarily a Federal responsibility," "Once the accumulated shortage (of class­ ganized effort available in our communities with local or State support only secondary. rooms) is overcome, ll State and local au- and States, we will meet the needs and sue- 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5959 cessfully maintain State and local auton­ problem by the two major political parties. curtailed, and every person's dollar ts more omy in education-an indispensable bulwark The administration has submitted a bill to stable. This may seem strange to you at a of freedom and progress. the Congress which urges that funds should time when so much talk is heard on the God grant us the wisdom to recognize the be made available for school construction general subject of the $71.8 billion budget task; the courage to accomplish it. only in those areas where a need is dem­ for fiscal 1958. However, let us analyze the onstrated. We know there are areas where budget for a moment. the number of school-age children far ex­ In any discussion of the budget, we must ceeds the space available for classrooms. remember that 60 percent is accounted for Republicanism at Work Today The administration would also require that by defense and national security expendi­ the local units match the Federal funds. tures. If we could eliminate this huge ex­ The Democratic Party proposed legislation penditure and just consider the domestic EX.TENSION OF REMARKS for Federal aid to school construction with­ budget, we would find that it is sustained OF out regard to need or the willingness on the by an alltime high in national per capita. part of the local units to match Federal income and national gross productive out­ HON. LEVERETT SALTONSTALL funds. This represents a major difference put. We must never forget that our econ­ OF MASSACHUSETTS in the approach to this highly controversial omy is constantly expanding and that we, problem. The important thing to remem­ as a. nation, are going through a period of IN ~E SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ber is that the Republican Party recognized tremendous growth. This you can see in Wednesday, April 17, 1957 the need for action and, at the same time, the cars you buy, the clothes you wear, the proposed a solution which would allow local food processing in the supermarkets of to­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, units of government to participate and which day, the improvement in farm machinery, I ask unanimous consent to have printed limited Federal participation. and the advanced methods which are now in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an ad­ 2. Ever since the Civil War, the issue of employed by business and agriculture. dress on the subject Republicanism at civil rights has been debated and discussed. Even if we include the huge outlays for Work Today, delivered by the senior Sen­ Many office seekers have used this issue as national defense and security, we find that part of a platform to enter high office. How­ the percentage of our national income going ator from Minnesota [Mr. THYE] before ever, until 1953, very little in the way of ac­ to the Federal budget is not out of propor­ the Ramsey County Young Republican tion was taken to solve the problem. I have tion compared to preceding years. Let me League annual convention in St. Paul, observed, firsthand, the situation which pre­ illustrate this point: in 1953 the Federal Minn., April 13, 1957. vailed on civil rights in our Nation's Capital. budget was almost 25 percent of the national I also submit for printing in the REC­ For years and years, there were many income, in 1954 it was 22.7 percent, and in ORD, to follow the address of the Sen­ promises made to the colored population of the following years it has been declining ator from Minnesota, an editorial en­ Washington, but not until the Republican percentagewise until the 1957 budget rep­ administration came into power was any ac­ resented 19 percent of the national income. titled "Modern Republicanism Judged tion taken. Today when you visit Wash­ The $71.8 billion budget estimate for fiscal by Its Results," from the St. Paul ington, you will find segregation does not 1958 approximates about the same percentage Pioneer Press of April 17, 1957. exist in the public schools, the public of a projected estimate of the national in­ There being no objection, the address restaurants, the hotels, or the public parks come for next year. and editorial were ordered to be printed and playgrounds. By Executive action, I would like to see this percentage of our in the RECORD, as follows: President Eisenhower has recognized the total national income reduced if at all pos­ dignity of the individual and has lowered sible, but at the same time I realize that REPUBLICANISM AT WORK TODAY the bars of racial prejudice. If this present the 19 percent of our national income is (Address by EDWARD J. THYE, United States Congress passes civil rights legislation, it will considerably less than the 52 percent and Senator from Minnesota, before the Ram­ be due largely to the patient and under­ 54 percent during the war years of 1944 and sey County Young Republican League an­ standing approach taken by the President 1945. In this respect, I must emphasize the nual convention, Commodore Hotel, St. and the administration. Here we see Mod­ tremendous economic adjustment which Paul, Minn., April 13, 1957) ern Republicanism at work. It demon­ has been accomplished since that time with­ My participation in the Ramsey County strates a sensitive concern for a social prob­ out the depression which was once predicted. Young Republican League Convention is lem and a willingness to take action. Unfortunately, as long as we must engage something I have looked forward to ever 3. For over 20 years, we witnessed the in the cold war with Communist Russia and since I received the invitation from Mr. vigorous debate over the issue of public her satellites, we must continue to spend Butler. I have always maintained that no power versus private utilities. The two much of our revenue on items of defense and political party can long endure without the groups of contestants had become dead­ national security. active participation at all levels of activity locked to a point where suspicion, fear, and At this particular period in our history, by those like yourselves who are dedicated anger were the rule among those who had this represents an abnormally large expendi­ to a keen interest and desire to serve in pub­ the responsibility of converting our natural ture. The United States is still in the initiai lic and community affairs. resources_ for power. I have lived through stages of exploring and developing the mod­ One topic which has assumed national im­ that long debate, and I know that many ern instruments of defense. It was 40 years portance in today's political life is that of of you have debated this question in high ago that I served in the United States Air Modern Republicanism. Many Republicans school and college debate tournaments. Service, in World War I. At that time, the have attempted to define it, while the Demo­ Shortly after the Republican administra­ Air Force was in an early stage of develop­ crats maintain that it is a figment of imagi­ tion assumed its duties in 1953, President ment. However, we who were serving nation and that it does not exist. Eisenhower advocated a partnership to de­ thought that our planes were far advanced I am one who believes that there is no velop our natural resources. The partners in comparison with what other countries easy definition for the term which President were to be the Federal Government, the had. Eisenhower has created. I would like to private utilities, the State governments, and World War II demonstrated how quickly believe that the term "Modern Republi­ the local units of government. He said that research and development can change all canism" can only be defined by example and each partner should share in the work which weapons. Some of you probably tlew the by the record of the Republican adminis­ had to be done. Once again, we see the B- 29 and B-17 bombers. Everyone thought tration and the Republicans in Congress. recognition of a need for action and alert­ at that time that there could be little im- If we quickly scan the record of the Re­ ness in developing a workable blueprint for provement in aircraft production. - publican Party in the past 4 years, we can success. Then the atomic age dawned, and we now begin to see that Modern Republicanism is 4. Modern Republicanism has been re­ see how obsolete the equipment we used in a very real thing which has won the support sponsive to the human needs of our people World War II has become. Today we talk of the vast cross section of our people. in the area of research into diseases, exten­ in terms of missiles, atomic warheads, in­ This record indicates that the Republican sion of social security, unemployment com­ terceptor missiles, atomic-powered subma­ Party has met the fast-growing needs of our pensation, and other related programs. rines, for fighters, 'round-the-world bombers, expanding economy without sacrificing the The agency of Health, Education, and Wel­ advanced artillery, and pushbutton war­ principles of our free-enterprise system. It fare stands as a monument to this type of fare. has proved to be sensitive to the human action and accomplishment. It means that As a member of the Senate Appropriations needs of our Nation, and, at the same time, our standard of living has advanced to an Committee, I have the opportunity to hear has maintained a fiscal stability which has alltime high, that people are conscious of a the Chiefs of Staff, the top military and allowed us to assume heights of prosperity commonsense approach to problems that civilian officials of our Navy, Army, and Air which, 30 years ago, challenged man's affect them most directly, and that labor has Force. These men all testify that in spite of imagination. advanced to a greater position of importance the rapid advances we have already made, we We m ight use the following examples in in ~mr economy and society. are still involved in day-to-day research and considering our definition: 5. At the same time that the Republican development in the use and production of 1. One of the great problems of our day Party has been writing this record of ac­ new weapons. This is another reason why is that of providing school facilities for our complishments, the fiscal and monetary sys­ our current budget for defense represents expanding school population. It is inter­ tem of the United States has been main­ such a large share of the proposed budget estin g to note the approaches taken to this tained at an even level. Inflation has been for fiscal 1958. 5960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE April. 18 We know that we must never yield our The United States truly assumed leader­ [From the St. Paul Pioneer Press of April 17, place of leadership to the Communists. To ship of the free world under the guiding hand 1957] do that would be to seal the fate of freedom, of the President and the Secretary of State. ?\1:0DERN REPUBLICANISM JUDGED BY !TS peace, and our democratic way of life. So, The Russians were placed off balance. No RESULTS we must always ask ourselves this question: longer was the United States holding back Senator EDWARD J. THYE adopted an effec­ How much shall we pay to defend our lib­ and waiting to see what Russia would do tive and convincing way of explaining "Mod­ erty, our Constitution, our God-given rights? next. The United States became the first to ern Republicanism" in his tall! before the I, for one, would not attempt to place a dollar act and placed the Communist world on the Ramsey County Young Republican League. value on those basic elements of our way defensive. This was accomplished through Rather than emphasizing words and the­ of life. our leadership in the United Nations, at the ories, he presented concrete examples of This does not mean that we must go Geneva Conference, with the establishment what has been done and what is proposed by blindly ahead without challenging proposed of SEATO and by the strengthening of NATO. the Eisenhower administration and Repub­ expenditures. The administration and the Modern Republicanism again recognized licans in Congress. Republican Members of Congress realize the need for concerted action and met the The administration supports Federal aid that every expenditure must be carefully challenge. The most recent test in the for school construction, but only in areas weighed and considered. A conscientious ef­ Middle East was met with the same degree where the need is proved and where local fort will be made to reduce the present of patience and understanding. The job is taxpayers are willing to match Federal funds. budget by an amount which will not place not finished, but we are not at war, and Rus­ In contrast, the free-spending policy of the our national security in jeopardy. sia has not gained domination of that im­ Democrats calls for Federal appropriations At the same time, the administration and portant area of the world. "without regard to need or the willingness the Congress are working to implement the We have now considered major examples to match Federal funds." second Hoover Commission report, which will of how the Republican Party is meeting the In civil rights, the Eisenhower adm\nis­ allow us to trim expenditures and save tax­ needs of the people and the responsibility of tration actually brought about desegrega­ payers'. money. The executive branch of our shaping policy-both domestic and foreign. tion in Washington, which had persisted Government has already accepted wholly, Through the past 4 years, we have seen under Democratic administrations despite or in part, 313 of the 479 recommendations our people advance in all aspects of every­ many promises. The Republican civil-rights made by the Commission. This represents day life. There has been no appeal in this program now before Congress would get at 65.3 percent of the entire report. The 84th philosophy to special-interest groups. There the root of discrimination in the South by Congress enacted 39 public laws, House reso­ has been no use of the divide-and-conquer assuring minority groups the right to vote lutions, and Senate resolutions which imple­ technique of former years. There has been and thus make their influence directly ef­ ment 55, or approximately one-third, of the no emotional attempt to pit labor against fective in local politics. 167 legislative recommendations that the management, banker against farmer, small Commonsense partnership between public Commission made. against large. Ours has been an appeal for and private agencies and companies in de­ I point these facts out to demonstrate that unity-unity for a very real program of velopment of power and water resources is behind the scenes, there is much activity de­ progress with benefit to all and discrimina­ part of Modern Republicanism. Establish­ signed to increase efficiency in government tion for none. The Republican Party today ment of.the new Department of Health, Edu­ and which will effect an economy. This will is a party of heart, mind, and conscience. cation, and Welfare is an indication of the · appear in future budget requests. The heart has been demonstrated by the hu­ party's concern for human values and indi­ manitarian approach to our people's prob­ vidual happiness and well-being. But, remember, when we discuss the large In discussing the Eisenhower budget, Sen- _ budget requested by the President, we must lems. The mind has guided our financial and economic destiny. The conscience has ator THYE pointed out that the $71.8-billion view that budget in the light of our present­ program for 1958 represents only about 19 day economy and our growth as a nation. been the balance wheel which recognizes that the Federal Government shall share percent of the anticipated national income. Now, I would like to discuss the handling responsibility with the States and not domi­ The 1953 budget was nearly 25 percent of of our foreign policy under the Republicans nate and discourage local initiative. national income, and in the war years the during the past 4 years. President Eisen­ budgets took more than 50 percent of income. hower and Secretary of State Dulles assumed This is the type of philosophy which chal­ lenges the imagination of adults and young Of the total 1958 budget, 60 percent is re­ ~ situation in 1953 which was not bright. people alike. You are present today to par­ quired by defense and security measures to There was the Korean war, the crisis in prevent war and protect the Nation. The · Indochina, and rumblings in almost every ticipate in the work of Modern Republican­ foreign policy of the administration likewise part of the world. ism. As we look ahead, petty differences has reduced the danger of another world The Korean hostilities were ended shortly must be eliminated so that we may pass on war and has put Russia on the defensive. after the President assumed office. We wit­ to future generations the heritage of a na­ Senator THYE has given an excellent sum­ nessed a release of tension in Indochina and tion which, today, stands as a bulwark of ming up of the record of "Modern Repub­ saw the Red Chinese pull back from their hope, inspiration, and friendship to the licanism." Its results are the best proof threat of war against Formosa. entire world. of its soundness.

us to number our days that we may ap­ and remain forever upon this body, and SENATE ply our bearts unto wisdom. upon all those who labor, speak, and O God, beneath whose guiding hand dwell herein, and upon us all. Amen. THURSDAY, APRIL 18, 1957 our fathers crossed the sea, unto Thy