DOCSLIB.ORG

Unraveling the True Identity of the Hermit Crab Diogenes Pugilator (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) and Study of the Associated Species Complex

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Unraveling the True Identity of the Hermit Crab Diogenes Pugilator (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) and Study of the Associated Species Complex Unraveling the true identity of the hermit crab Diogenes pugilator (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) and study of the associated species complex Bruno Alm´on*1, Jacinto P´erez2, Eva Garc´ıa-Isarch3, J. Enrique Garc´ıa-Raso4 and Jose A. Cuesta5 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 1Instituto Espa~nolde Oceanograf´ıa,Centro Oceanogr´aficode Vigo. Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52 36390 Vigo, Spain. 2Grupo de Estudo do Medio Mari~no(GEMM), Puerto Deportivo s/n. 15960 Ribeira. A Coru~na.Spain 3Instituto Espa~nolde Oceanograf´ıa,C.O. de C´adiz.Muelle de Levante s/n, 11006, C´adiz,Spain 4Universidad de M´alaga, Fac. de Ciencias, Dep. Biolog´ıaAnimal, Campus Teatinos, s/n, 29071, M´alaga,Spain. 5Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andaluc´ıa,ICMAN-CSIC, Avenida Rep´ublicaSaharaui, 2, 11519 Puerto Real, C´adiz,Spain Keywords: Diogenes, Taxonomy, Iberian Peninsula, DNA, Paguroidea Abstract Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1829) is a widely distributed species which has been recorded profusely since its description based on specimens from the French Mediterranean. Its actual theoretical distribution covers all east-Atlantic shores, the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. It is very common in shallow waters from 0 to 40 m, especially in soft bottoms and sand beaches, where it can be easily spot, with a extremely long left chelae being dragged on the substrate. During the past decades, several morphotypes have been described based on notorious morphologic variations of different body parts, leading in some cases to the description of new species that years later have been largely synonymized to the original D. pugilator from Roux(1829). In his work, Roux gives a short description of the species along with a plate that, although it describes well the general form of the body of the species, it is not detailed enough to be able to compare certain important characteristics. Unfortunately, the type specimens of the Roux's species seem to have disappeared after his death, so the clarification of the true identity of D. pugilator remains unclear. Materials and Methods In the framework of a more global study devoted to the objective of reviewing Iberian species of hermit crabs both from the morphological and molecular point of view, a review of several specimens identified as D. pugi- lator has been conducted, leading to the identification of a certain number of well-defined morphotypes, all previously included in the nominal species. Specimens studied have been collected by a variety of methods and come from different sources, including Biological Reference Colections (Colecci´onde Crust´aceosDec´apodos y Estomat´opodos del Centro Oceanogr´aficode C´adizdel IEO- CCDE-IEOCD, “Colecci´onBiol´ogicade Referen- cia del Institut de Ci`enciesdel Mar"- ICM-CSIC and the personal collections from Jos´eEnrique Garc´ıa-Raso from M´alagaUniversity, Jose A. Cuesta from ICMAN-CSIC, and Christoph Schubart from the University of Regensburg, Germany), from scuba diving, and from scientific cruises devoted to the evaluation of fisheries stocks (ARSA 2017-2018 and MEDITS 2017-2018). Samples were studied under the stereomicroscope and then photographed and sketched to define the main traits defining each of the morphotypes. Drawings were 1 then digitalized in Inkskape, with the aid of a digital tablet. Molecular samples were then taken from at least a pair of individuals from each of the species, one male and one female. Sequences of two mitochondrial genes (16S and COI) were obtained as well as others from GenBank that were also included in the comparative. A complete Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree was obtained for the available species of the genus Diogenes along with other species of the family Diogenidae in order to contextualize the phylogenetic position of the species of Diogenes and validate morphological differentiation. Results and Discussion Preliminary phylogenetic analysis agrees with the morphological delimitation of the morphotypes, suggesting that D. pugilator is in fact a species complex composed of several well-delimited species, and that all previous records of D. pugilator should be revised under the light of the new information. The discussion about which of the identified morphotypes correspond to the original from Roux(1829), is still unresolved due to the absence of type specimens. Nevertheless, the revision of the synonymized species preserved in the Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, along with an increasing sampling effort oriented to the area where the type specimens where initially caught, aims to serve as a clue to elucidate the true identity of the Roux species. Unraveling the true identity of D. pugilator is one of the most urgent tasks within this project, but it also opens a series of new challenges, since as the result of the designation of neotypes, other morphotypes need to be addressed and described in detail, updating the biological and distributional information associated with each of them. Once this task is finished, a complete revision of previous records and synonymies for this species should be also conducted and old names, perhaps, resurrected. Nevertheless, although this is still a work in progress, preliminary results suggest that specimens from Atlantic coast of the Iberian peninsula are not assignable to Roux species, which is more likely to be restricted to the Mediterranean Sea. Notwithstanding, two different morphotypes are also present in Iberian Atlantic waters being one of them associated with northern latitudes and the second with southern distribution. There are still many questions to solve around this problem, but it is important to reach an consensus about the definition of the species, given that the absence of original material, can lead to the perpetuation of the misidentifications making studies where these species are involved unreliable and the evaluation of the Diogenes spp. populations status, consistently overestimated. See Figure1 and Figure2. 2 ER146 Diogenes pugilator ER142 Diogenes pugilator ER144 Diogenes pugilator 8 ER140 Diogenes pugilator KT209045.1 Diogenes pugilator 7 KT208608.1 Diogenes pugilator 24 KT208866.1 Diogenes pugilator KT208586.1 Diogenes pugilator 24 KT209297.1 Diogenes pugilator KT208810.1 Diogenes pugilator 24 ERMI11 COI Diogenes pugilator ERMI10 COI Diogenes pugilator 38 ERMI04 COI Diogenes pugilator 33 ERMI06 COI Diogenes pugilator 52 ER126+COH6 Diogenes pugilator 100 ERMI07 COI Diogenes pugilator ER123+COH6 Diogenes pugilator 48 ER128+COH6 Diogenes sp 23 ERMI09 COI Diogenes sp 18 ERMI02 COI Diogenes sp 100 ER127b+COH6 Diogenes sp 33 ERMI08 COI Diogenes sp 24 ERMI01 COI Diogenes sp 25 8 ER136 Diogenes sp 28 ERMI03 COI Diogenes sp 88 ER125+COH6 Diogenes sp 46 ER124 Diogenes sp 100 ERMI13 COI Cestopagurus timidus ERMI05 COI Cestopagurus timidus 99 KJ150701.1 Diogenes canaliculatus 100 10 KM043476.1 Diogenes canaliculatus KM043474.1 Diogenes merguiensis 100 ER135 Diogenes sp1 45 ER66 Diogenes sp1 0 100 ER137 Diogenes sp2 ER68 Diogenes sp2 97 ER139 Diogenes sp2 92 ER62a Diogenes sp2 35 16 ER70a Diogenes sp2 27 ER64 Diogenes sp2 100 KM043472.1 Diogenes alias 77 KJ150705.1 Diogenes violaceus KM043473.1 Diogenes dubius 94 100 KJ150703.1 Diogenes miles 1 KM043475.1 Diogenes manaarensis 100 KJ150704.1 Diogenes planimanus 4 100 ER11+COH6 Petrochirus pustulatus ER03+COH6 Petrochirus pustulatus ER106+COH6 Dardanus pectinatus 2 54 51 ER105+COH6 Dardanus arrosor 90 ER43+COH6 Dardanus arrosor 100 ER103+COH6 Dardanus pectinatus 1 94 ER101+COH6 Dardanus arrosor ER20+COH2198 Diogenes ovatus KJ150702.1 Diogenes custos 17 100 100 61 100 100 20 58 100 100 KF808160.1 Diogenes pugilator 0.020 Figure 1: Part of the resulting COI phylogenetic tree showing the different resulting groups involving Diogenes species. 3 Figure 2: Original illustration from Roux(1829), describing the general morphology of the species. Acknowledgments We want to thank Christoph Schubart, Carlos Farias and Pere Abell´o,the cession of specimens from their samplings and scientific surveys. References Garc´ıa,E., Mu~noz,I., 2013. Collection of decapod and stomatopod crustaceans from oceanographic center of cadiz. URL: www.gbif.es. Olivas, F.J., 2007. Colecci´onbiol´ogicade referencia del institut de ci`encies del mar- icm-csic. URL: http: //cbr.icm.csic.es/ca/site-page/cerca. Roux, P., 1829. Crustac´esde la Mediterran´eeet de son littoral. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Taxonomic Study of the Pagurus Forbesii "Complex" (Crustacea
    Taxonomic study of the Pagurus forbesii "complex" (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae). Description of Pagurus pseudosculptimanus sp. nov. from Alborán Sea (Southern Spain, Western Mediterranean Sea). GARCÍA MUÑOZ J.E.1, CUESTA J.A.2 & GARCÍA RASO J.E.1* 1 Dept. Biología Animal, Fac. Ciencias, Univ. Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain. 2 Inst. Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Av. República Saharaui, 2, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. * Corresponding author - e-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT The study of hermit crabs from Alboran Sea has allowed recognition of two different morphological forms under what had been understood as Pagurus forbesii. Based on morphological observations with various species of Pagurus, and molecular studies, a new species is defined and described as P. pseudosculptimanus. An overview on species of Pagurus from the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea is provided. Key words: Pagurus, new species, Mediterranean, eastern Atlantic. 1 Introduction More than 170 species from around the world are currently assigned to the genus Pagurus Fabricius, 1775 (Lemaitre and Cruz Castaño 2004; Mantelatto et al. 2009; McLaughlin 2003, McLaughlin et al. 2010). This genus is complex because of there is high morphological variability and similarity among some species, and has been divided in groups (e.g. Lemaitre and Cruz Castaño 2004 for eastern Pacific species; Ingle, 1985, for European species) with difficulty (Ayón-Parente and Hendrickx 2012). This difficulty has lead to taxonomic problems, although molecular techniques have been recently used to elucidate some species (Mantelatto et al. 2009; Da Silva et al. 2011). Thirteen species are present in eastern Atlantic (European and the adjacent African waters) (Ingle 1993; Udekem d'Acoz 1999; Froglia, 2010, MarBEL Data System - Türkay 2012, García Raso et al., in press) but only nine of these (the first ones mentioned below) have been cited in the Mediterranean Sea, all of them are present in the study area (Alboran Sea, southern Spain).
    [Show full text]
  • National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt
    UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS National monitoring program for biodiversity and non-indigenous species in Egypt PROF. MOUSTAFA M. FOUDA April 2017 1 Study required and financed by: Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat BP 337 1080 Tunis Cedex – Tunisie Responsible of the study: Mehdi Aissi, EcApMEDII Programme officer In charge of the study: Prof. Moustafa M. Fouda Mr. Mohamed Said Abdelwarith Mr. Mahmoud Fawzy Kamel Ministry of Environment, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) With the participation of: Name, qualification and original institution of all the participants in the study (field mission or participation of national institutions) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements 4 Preamble 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 9 Chapter 2: Institutional and regulatory aspects 40 Chapter 3: Scientific Aspects 49 Chapter 4: Development of monitoring program 59 Chapter 5: Existing Monitoring Program in Egypt 91 1. Monitoring program for habitat mapping 103 2. Marine MAMMALS monitoring program 109 3. Marine Turtles Monitoring Program 115 4. Monitoring Program for Seabirds 118 5. Non-Indigenous Species Monitoring Program 123 Chapter 6: Implementation / Operational Plan 131 Selected References 133 Annexes 143 3 AKNOWLEGEMENTS We would like to thank RAC/ SPA and EU for providing financial and technical assistances to prepare this monitoring programme. The preparation of this programme was the result of several contacts and interviews with many stakeholders from Government, research institutions, NGOs and fishermen. The author would like to express thanks to all for their support. In addition; we would like to acknowledge all participants who attended the workshop and represented the following institutions: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Quality Assurance and Intellectual Property Rights in Advancing Biodiversity Data Publication
    GBIF Discussion Paper: Quality assurance and IPR in advancing biodiversity data publication Version 1.0 Quality assurance and Intellectual Property Rights in advancing biodiversity data publication Version 1.0 October 2012 GBIF Discussion Paper: Quality assurance and IPR in advancing biodiversity data publication Version 1.0 Suggested citation: Mark J Costello, William K Michener, Mark Gahegan, Zhi‐Qiang Zhang, Phil Bourne, Vishwas Chavan (2012). Quality assurance and intellectual property rights in advancing biodiversity data publications ver. 1.0, Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Pp. 33, ISBN: 87‐92020‐49‐6. Accessible at http://links.gbif.org/qa_ipr_advancing_biodiversity_data_publishing_en_v1. ISBN: 87-92020-49-6 Persistent URI: http://links.gbif.org/ qa_ ipr_ advancing_biodiversity_data _publishing_en_v1 Language: English Copyright © Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 2012 License: This document is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Project Partners: The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF Document Control: Version Description Date of release Author(s) 0.8 Content January 2012 Mark J Costello, William K Michener, Mark development Gahegan, Zhi‐Qiang Zhang, Phil Bourne, Vishwas Chavan 0.9 Review, edits April 2012 Mark J Costello, William K Michener, Mark Gahegan, Zhi‐Qiang Zhang, Phil Bourne, Vishwas Chavan 1.0 Final version October 26 2012 Mark J Costello, William K Michener, Mark Gahegan, Zhi‐Qiang Zhang, Phil Bourne, Vishwas Chavan i GBIF Discussion Paper: Quality assurance and IPR in advancing biodiversity data publication Version 1.0 About GBIF GBIF: The Global Biodiversity Information Facility GBIF was established by countries as a global mega-science initiative to address one of the great challenges of the 21st century – harnessing knowledge of the Earth’s biological diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) Of
    CAMBARUS (TUBERICAMBARUS) POLYCHROMATUS (DECAPODA: CAMBARIDAE) A NEW SPECIES OF CRAYFISH FROM OHIO, KENTUCKY, INDIANA, ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN Roger F Thoma Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology Museum of Biological Diversity 1315 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, Ohio 43212-1192 Raymond F. Jezerinac Deceased, 21 April 1996 Thomas P. Simon Division of Crustaceans, Aquatic Research Center, Indiana Biological Survey, 6440 South Fairfax Road, Bloomington, Indiana 47401 2 Abstract. --A new species of crayfish Cambarus (Tubericambarus) polychromatus is described from western Ohio, Indiana, southern and east-central Illinois, western Kentucky, and southern Michigan areas of North America. Of the recognized members of the subgenus, it is most closely related to Cambarus (T.) thomai, found primarily in eastern Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee and western West Virginia. It is easily distinguished from other recognized members of the subgenus by its strongly deflected rostral tip. __________________________________ Raymond F. Jezerinac (RFT) studied the Cambarus diogenes species complex for two decades. He described one new species and erected the subgenus Tubericambarus (Jezerinac, 1993) before his untimely death in 1996. This paper is the continuing efforts of the senior author (RFT) to complete Ray’s unfinished work. Ray had long recognized this species as distinct, but was delayed in its description by his work on the crayfishes of West Virginia (Jezerinac et. al., 1995). After his death, a partial manuscript was found on Ray’s computer at the Ohio State University Museum of Biodiversity, Columbus, Ohio. That manuscript served as the impetus for this paper. This species first came to the 3 attention of RFJ and RFT in 1978 when conducting research into the Cambarus bartonii species complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Pitfall Traps for Sampling Marine Benthic Arthropods on Soft Substrate
    UNIVERSITY OF THE AEGEAN SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF MARINE SCIENCES Use of pitfall traps for sampling marine benthic arthropods on soft substrate BSc Thesis Dadaliaris Michail & Gkrantounis Pavlos Mytilene 2017 Ευχαριστίες Αρχικά κα κζλαμε να ευχαριςτιςουμε τον επιβλζποντα κακθγθτι τθσ διπλωματικισ μασ εργαςίασ κ. Στυλιανό Κατςανεβάκθ, πρωταρχικά ωσ επιςτιμονα και παιδαγωγό, για τθν ςυμβολι του ςτθν πανεπιςτθμιακι μασ εκπαίδευςθ και για τθν πολφτιμθ βοικεια του ςε όλθ τθ διάρκεια διεξαγωγισ τθσ πτυχιακισ διατριβισ και ακολοφκωσ ωσ άνκρωπο, διότι δεν δίςταςε να μασ παράςχει τθ βοικεια και τθ ςτιριξθ του ςε οποιαδιποτε δυςκολία ςυναντιςαμε ςτθ φοιτθτικι μασ ηωι. Τον κ. Ακανάςιο Ευαγγελόπουλο, για τθν αμζριςτθ βοικεια που μασ παρείχε, όλο αυτό το χρονικό διάςτθμα, ςτο εργαςτθριακό και ςυγγραφικό κομμάτι τθσ πτυχιακισ. Tθν κ. Μαρία Ναλετάκθ και τθν κ. Μαρία Μαϊδανοφ του ΕΛ.ΚΕ.ΘΕ για τθν ςυμβολι τουσ ςτθν αναγνϊριςθ των ειδϊν. Τθν φοιτθτικι καταδυτικι ομάδα ‘Τρίτων’ του Πανεπιςτθμίου Αιγαίου για τθν παραχϊρθςθ του καταδυτικοφ εξοπλιςμοφ, όπου δίχωσ αυτόν θ ζρευνα μασ κα ιταν αδφνατο να πραγματοποιθκεί. Τζλοσ κα κζλαμε να ευχαριςτιςουμε τισ οικογζνειζσ μασ και τουσ φίλουσ μασ, όπου χάρθ ςτθ ςτιριξθ τουσ, καταφζραμε να ανταπεξζλκουμε όλεσ τισ δυςκολίεσ αυτϊν των καιρϊν και να αναδειχκοφμε πτυχιοφχοι. Abstract Ecological monitoring is a prerequisite for ecosystem-based management and conservation. There is a need for developing an efficient and non-destructive method for monitoring marine benthic arthropods on soft substrate, as the currently applied methods are often inadequate. Pitfall trapping has been used extensively to sample terrestrial arthropods but has not yet seriously considered in the marine environment. In this study, the effectiveness of pitfall traps as a way to monitor marine benthic arthropods is assessed.
    [Show full text]
  • National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt
    National monitoring program for biodiversity and non-indigenous species in Egypt January 2016 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements 3 Preamble 4 Chapter 1: Introduction 8 Overview of Egypt Biodiversity 37 Chapter 2: Institutional and regulatory aspects 39 National Legislations 39 Regional and International conventions and agreements 46 Chapter 3: Scientific Aspects 48 Summary of Egyptian Marine Biodiversity Knowledge 48 The Current Situation in Egypt 56 Present state of Biodiversity knowledge 57 Chapter 4: Development of monitoring program 58 Introduction 58 Conclusions 103 Suggested Monitoring Program Suggested monitoring program for habitat mapping 104 Suggested marine MAMMALS monitoring program 109 Suggested Marine Turtles Monitoring Program 115 Suggested Monitoring Program for Seabirds 117 Suggested Non-Indigenous Species Monitoring Program 121 Chapter 5: Implementation / Operational Plan 128 Selected References 130 Annexes 141 2 AKNOWLEGEMENTS 3 Preamble The Ecosystem Approach (EcAp) is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way, as stated by the Convention of Biological Diversity. This process aims to achieve the Good Environmental Status (GES) through the elaborated 11 Ecological Objectives and their respective common indicators. Since 2008, Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention have adopted the EcAp and agreed on a roadmap for its implementation. First phases of the EcAp process led to the accomplishment of 5 steps of the scheduled 7-steps process such as: 1) Definition of an Ecological Vision for the Mediterranean; 2) Setting common Mediterranean strategic goals; 3) Identification of an important ecosystem properties and assessment of ecological status and pressures; 4) Development of a set of ecological objectives corresponding to the Vision and strategic goals; and 5) Derivation of operational objectives with indicators and target levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Shell Utilization by the Hermit Crab, Diogenes Planimanus (Anomura: Diogenidae) from Karachi Coast, Pakistan
    Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 39(4), pp. 233-238, 2007. Shell Utilization by the Hermit Crab, Diogenes planimanus (Anomura: Diogenidae) From Karachi Coast, Pakistan MEHER FATIMA Institute of Marine Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Karachi-75270. Abstract.- The purpose of present study was to investigate the shell utilization pattern of most abundant hermitcrab Diogenes planimanus. Hermit crabs were collected during June-August 2002. Out of 32 species of gastropod shells occupied the most frequent were Nevrita didyma, Bullia tranquebarica, Babylonia spirata and Thais lacera. Large size crabs (>5.0 mm sheild length, SL) were abundant at sublittoral zone, majority of which occupied three types of gastropod shells: N. didyma, B. spirata and T. lacera .Small size crabs (<5mm SL) were common in the intertidal zone occupying a wide variety of gastropod shells, most frequently occupied was Bullia spp. The largest size crab (l2.4 mm, SL) occupied T. lacera whereas the smallest ones were found in shells of N. didyma, Bullia spp. Anachis fauroti and Natica alapapilionis. Sex ratio was biased towards females (1:1.9) including majority of ovigerous females .The two sexes showed significant difference in shell occupancy, majority of males preferred light weight, low-spired N. didyma shells. Regression analyses between shell size and hermit crab size occupying B. spirata, N. didyma and T. lacera showed weak correlation and negatively allometric relationship between size of D. planimanus and shell size. Key words: Gastropod shells, intertidal fauna, hermit crabs. INTRODUCTION 0030-9923/2007/0004-0233 $ 8.00/0 Copyright 2007 Zoological Society of Pakistan. hermit crabs population. Keeping in view of the paucity of information present study was initiated.
    [Show full text]
  • An Illustrated Key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the Northern Arabian Sea. Part VI: Decapoda Anomura
    An illustrated key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the northern Arabian Sea. Part 6: Decapoda anomura Item Type article Authors Kazmi, Q.B.; Siddiqui, F.A. Download date 04/10/2021 12:44:02 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/34318 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol. 15(1), 11-79, 2006. AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE MALACOSTRACA (CRUSTACEA) OF THE NORTHERN ARABIAN SEA PART VI: DECAPODA ANOMURA Quddusi B. Kazmi and Feroz A. Siddiqui Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. E-mails: [email protected] (QBK); safianadeem200 [email protected] .in (FAS). ABSTRACT: The key deals with the Decapoda, Anomura of the northern Arabian Sea, belonging to 3 superfamilies, 10 families, 32 genera and 104 species. With few exceptions, each species is accompanied by illustrations of taxonomic importance; its first reporter is referenced, supplemented by a subsequent record from the area. Necessary schematic diagrams explaining terminologies are also included. KEY WORDS: Malacostraca, Decapoda, Anomura, Arabian Sea - key. INTRODUCTION The Infraorder Anomura is well represented in Northern Arabian Sea (Paldstan) (see Tirmizi and Kazmi, 1993). Some important investigations and documentations on the diversity of anomurans belonging to families Hippidae, Albuneidae, Lithodidae, Coenobitidae, Paguridae, Parapaguridae, Diogenidae, Porcellanidae, Chirostylidae and Galatheidae are as follows: Alcock, 1905; Henderson, 1893; Miyake, 1953, 1978; Tirmizi, 1964, 1966; Lewinsohn, 1969; Mustaquim, 1972; Haig, 1966, 1974; Tirmizi and Siddiqui, 1981, 1982; Tirmizi, et al., 1982, 1989; Hogarth, 1988; Tirmizi and Javed, 1993; and Siddiqui and Kazmi, 2003, however these informations are scattered and fragmentary. In 1983 McLaughlin suppressed the old superfamily Coenobitoidea and combined it with the superfamily Paguroidea and placed all hermit crab families under the superfamily Paguroidea.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrochirus Diogenes (Giant Hermit Crab)
    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Petrochirus diogenes (Giant Hermit Crab) Order: Decapoda (Shrimps, Lobsters and Crabs) Class: Malacostraca (Crustaceans: Shrimps, Sand-hoppers and Woodlice) Phylum: Arthropoda (Arthropods) Fig. 1. Giant hermit crab, Petrochirus diogenes. [https://www.google.tt/#tbm=isch&q=+Petrochirus+diogenes&imgrc=CBacQIJTL1g4XM%3A, downloaded 10 March 2016] TRAITS. In the Caribbean P. diogenes (commonly referred to as the giant hermit crab) happens to be the largest of the hermit crabs discovered (Wood and Wood, 2000), with a body up to 30 cm long. According to the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce (2010), this species has blue or greenish eyes with red and white-banded antennae (Fig. 1). The anterior shield is the flattened part of the body located behind the eyes and has a square shape. Setae (tufts of hairs) are distributed across the anterior shield (Williams, 1984). Its claws are large and reddish in colour with the right one slightly bigger than the left (Ruppert and Fox, 1988). In both male and female the right claw is the principle claw, however it is significantly bigger in males (Bertini and Fransozo, 1999). DISTRIBUTION. The giant hermit crab is distributed from the east coast of the United States from North Carolina and southern Florida south to Brazil, the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico (Williams, 1984). HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. Ruppert and Fox (1988) noted that P. diogenes can be discovered either offshore or in estuaries in their juvenile stage. Adults can be seen in reefs. It is seen UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology occasionally throughout the region, from shallow water to depths of about 30m (Wood and Wood, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Algal Relationships to Onychiurus Folsmi, a Minute Arthropod
    Technical Report No. 55 SOIL ALGAL RELATIONSHIPS TO ONYCHIURUS FOLSOi:1I, A MINUTE ARTHROPOD Linda-Lee McGurk Department of Botany University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS IRP U.• S. Internationa 1 Biological Program March 1975 PREFACE The following text is essentially the master's thesis of Linda Lee McGurk who was, while a graduate student, the principal research assistant on the Island Ecosystems IRP algal project. The personal time invested in technique development and in carrying out this work hardly shows adequately in this finished report. This work naturally fits into the overall algal project of the Island Ecosystems IRP. There is very little known of tropical terrestrial algae and thus a purely taxonomic effort had to be made in order to record the abundance of the algal species. This was done by sampling both at different elevations,and at similar sites at the same elevations in different seasons. Both sampling schemes were concerned with such objectives as learning about speciation, diversity in the algal communities, community variation as a function of spatial variations in environment, then also as a function of succession and, finally, the roles of the algae in the environments where they are found. The present thesis is an initial venture into this latter area of endeavor. Maxwell S. Doty Principal Investigator Algal portion US IBP/ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS IRP - i - ABSTRACT Elucidation of the roles of the soil algae is a natural goal of the algal component study of the Island Ecosystems IRP. Thus, the present study investigated the possibility that the algae could serve as food for the 5 to 6 mm long insect, Onychiurus folsomii, the most ubiquitous of the soil arthropods in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Larval Development of the Hermit Crab Diogenes Nitidimanus TERAO, 1913 (Crustacea : Anomura : Diogenidae) Reared in the Laboratory*
    Mem. Fac. Educ. Kumamoto. Univ. Nat. Sci., No. 34, 5—17, 1985 Larval Development of the Hermit Crab Diogenes nitidimanus TERAO, 1913 (Crustacea : Anomura : Diogenidae) Reared in the Laboratory* Keiji BABA and Yasushi FUKUDA (Received 23 May 1985) The complete larval development of the hermit crab Diogenes nitidimanus from hatching to first crab stage was obtained by laboratory rearing. Four zoeal and one megalopal stages are described and illustrated. The pleopod buds appeared in the third zoea, the posterior lobe of the scaphognathite appeared in the second zoea, and the antenna in the megalopa showing a remark- able differentiation toward suspension feeding, all unique to D. nitidimanus, are discussed. Introduction The hermit crab genus Diogenes represented by about 46 species are sublittoral inhabitants, many species of which are known from the Indo West-Pacific. In spite of the recent increase of species descriptions the systematics of the genus requires revision from a view point of functional morphology relating especially to the feeding habits, which will be published elsewhere. Knowledge of the larval development of this genus is very limited, restricted to thorough descriptions of D. pugilator by MACDONALD, PIKE and WILLIAMSON (1957), D. bicristimanus by SAROJINI and NAGABUSHANAM (1968), D. avarus by SANKOLLI and SHENOY (1975) and D. diogenes by NAYAK and KAKATI (1977). Planktonic material has also been described earlier for D. pugilator (MENON, 1937). Diogenes nitidimanus is a typical suspension feeder and is one of the common shore hermit crabs in Kyushu, Japan ; when the tide recedes the animals are sometimes found buried partly on muddy sand substrates at low tide levels, but usually they are not exposed to the air.
    [Show full text]
  • Shell Utilization by the Hermit Crabs <I>Diogenes Pugilator</I> (Roux
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 65(2): 391–405, 1999 SHELL UTILIZATION BY THE HERMIT CRABS DIOGENES PUGILATOR (ROUX, 1829), PAGURISTES EREMITA (LINNAEUS, 1767) AND PAGURUS FORBESII BELL, 1845 (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: ANOMURA), IN A SHALLOW-WATER COMMUNITY FROM SOUTHERN SPAIN M. E. Manjón-Cabeza and J. E. García Raso ABSTRACT Gastropod shells used by the three dominant hermit crabs, Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1829), Paguristes eremita (Linnaeus, 1767), and Pagurus forbesii Bell, 1845, of the detritic littoral bottoms from Barbate Bay (Cadiz, Spain) were analyzed. The study showed that these hermit crabs species have different patterns of gastropod shell use. Paguristes eremita, the largest and strongest species, inhabits heavier gastropod shell species with wider aperture (belonging to the Muricidae family), while, Diogenes pugilator and Pagurus forbesii, inhabit smaller and lighter shells (mainly those belonging to the family Turridae). Diogenes pugilator, despite being clearly the more abundant species, does not use the most abundant species of the gastropod community (Turritella turbona), which instead is used by Pagurus forbesii. However, no morphological relationships between these her- mit crabs and the diameter of shell aperture have been found, either in relation with the whole gastropod shells used or in relation with the more specifically used shells. On the other hand, specimens of D. pugilator with cephalothoracic shield widths larger than the shell aperture have been found, however, this result has not been found in P. forbesii or in Paguristes eremita. Also, in these three species no differences in shell use by sexes exist. These and other data indicate that D. pugilator does not make a strong shell selection, perhaps in part, due to a competition with P.
    [Show full text]