anything had discover

Liverpool

rugby mentioned period.

tively

providing may

low afternoon, to

England formers.

the

The

On

been

pay

have

among

Census

minor

1

the

thought

It

that

and It

else

and formed

and

a

is been

other

did 811

is

range

not

football

few

almost

part. middle-class

Wales

is

District of

not

local

inhibited

hand

that

bound

entirely

1911, by

and

benefit

of

Capital

thirty

certain

as

Liverpool

usually

was

Liverpool

football

Football

feeble

504

to

a

clear

by

most

a

whole.

clubs

young

give

and

for that

little

the

labour

unskilled

matches

why

Liverpool

Association

every

is did

rise

several enterprise

in

city's

late

men

As

now

1878

have

there

THEBLUESANDTHEREDS

organisations.

to

in

a

10,000

unique

in

and

group

somewhat

of

in

more

coming

more T.

but

Liverpool. workers

should

the

had

1879-80; Mason,

did

casual

most

males

young

industrial famous

clerks

than

not

long

be

to

until

of

employment mixed

The

appear

B.A.,

its

above

this

The

Merseyside.

men

appear

them

Liverpool been

fair

for

well

five

structure

time

Ph.D.

spread

who

feelings.

the

until

share

its

were

concentrated

into

and

to

lag.

age connection

began

have

newspapers 1882.

with

of

of the

easterners

a

in

One

of The

clerks, half

football

It

1880s

which

to

been 10 its

Similarly

is

factor

Lancashire

kick

day

employed

accompanying

perhaps

in

with

19,000

and

keen

from

to

manufacturing

noticed

week,

port

a

might

working ball

beyond.

football

Birmingham

games

the

services

surprising

in

about

with

compared

Football only

1872, be

cotton

2

men

the

characteristics

players

its

than

in

two

and,

and

played

Stanley

free

popularity districts.

in

therefore

Association

newspapers

with in

for

Liverpool

transport, according

the

Saturday

and

almost

a

264

same

rela­

The

club

to

of

of

in Page

interesting Park

had were as

ground',

the

garments of

decide

for and clubbed

having days matches

formed

name public headquarters

from

Ramblers

nowhere

1878

play The

Matches

the St.

ball

The

before

donned

108

in

-

involved

a

to

had

and

whether

latter.

house

O'Whatmore, Mary's,

was

wider

the

been

as

some

eighties, together as

Everton.

on

by

was

occupied

description

the

become far

and

'amongst

mid

took

obviously

special

the

Stanley

opened

in

probably

constituency,

time

players

as

from

after

a

St

Everton

side

1870s

place

goal

possible,

to

then,

At

Peter's,

during

151

the

buy

garments,

the

the

the the

of

for

park

in

had

had of

variable.

reflected

but

were

were

premier

the

match

by

'first

same the

village

selected

1870 this

many

been to

and

the

during

infrequently,

St.

T.

goal-posts,

i886, a

necessary

find

early

employed a

constituency

day

time Mason

following carried

but

1870s

Benedict's

run

years

decade

scored.

'Of

and places

a

were

it

by

wish that

1878179.

form

the

they

after

combination

mine

which

wrote

and

those

materials. a in majority

the

when enjoining

to There

in

decided

of

and

it

real

the

the

host,

a

become

and

in clearly Revs. the

the

the

goalposts

football

time

St.

there

city.

the

closure game

football

was

game

expanding

St

for

'Football

Domingo's

wore

to

and

hope

W.E.

the 7 We

Bootle,

were becoming

Domingo's,

no independent

a

locate

took

team

time,

was

dribbling

man

put

net of

their from

really

of

Jackson

not

three

place

provided and

Notes'

the

down

getting

Everton,

in

administrations

in

acted

the

many

ordinary

Methodist

available.

took goal

headquarters

1878.

no

city

nothing among

ground.

between

of

and

the

as

column

crossbar

it

people

to

the

a

thirty

Secretary.

Liverpool again centre

In

sockets

R.H.

grip

keep

clothes,

church

T879

other

Two

Church

was

Football

sides

years

to in

on

Marsh

a -

his

of of

churches.

look the

for

known.

It

football

the St. thin

church

the club and

and

the

eye

These

Caledonians

which

was

later

Porcupine. the

was

....

cost

Domingo's

on

popular

recruit band

commercial

piled

on

sometimes

....

goalposts

by

the

6

changes

a

clubs

Some

money

teams

them'.

were

A

at

recent of a

their

the

In

cricket playing

idea

participant

tape imagination

in

picked

of

those

and

The

Queen's changed

were

The

even

of Liverpool

superfluous

was

in

the

foundation,

sector.

doing difficult

name

Liverpool

churches

club the

members

standard

days

in

players

playing

to

on

who,

those

park,

Head

duty

kick

their

was

An the

and

and

we

to

in Page this

champions

Road look club and

lot paper, Everton

both the setting as

well

Alderman was

1897

president football 1884 difficulty but

Anfield.

1882-8J.

an

But with

It

Sandon

had

expansion

he

was

9

after

chairman

known 109

states

and

errand

he

is

the

He

had

up

if

a

had

Everton. not was

paying

had

What

season

everything

the gate

reputation

Football

of

on

was

in

of

in

of apparently

Hotel

figure

clear

boy

wasted

the

clearly the

enjoying his

been day

1895

affairs.

of

receipts

a of happened

.

.i

its

Free

Football

own

carters' the

in

to

In close fortune

When

when

in

Echo,

member

and,

players.

a

day for

on no

one.

The 1884 Everton

local

That

Mason, custom

as

turned

had the

the

to

time

being

after

he

brewer affairs.

Blues after

union,

had

professionalism

It

League

more

he

political the

man

more

increased

field

Even first

seems

of

out

played

in

Conservative

devoted

house

a

Orangeman

that

future

able

the and

was

certain

signing

astonishing

of

dropped

Since

was became for

popular

before

in

doubtful

City Houldings to

circles,

the

the he John

its

an

Anfield

ten lovely,

persuade

a

1884

Reds

amount third progressed

important

good

Breckfield

Council their

professionalism

times

involved

his

Houlding.

manifestations

and

was

frequently

Association,

that

than it

season

everything

deal

Road

aitches

first

Sparkling

a had

the

from

of reluctantly

'Parochial

he

for

part

of in

unsavoury

paid with via Cricket

been better

ground.

ever

and

Houlding

space

Everton the . about

and

referred

page

in

cow-keeper's

players.

Everton off

of had

playing

Ales.

the played

Everton

it

players

of

was

to

Club.

the accepted

patriot'

was

£600

109

it Moreover

appointed

club's

the

the

and

politicking

was

to

He was

West generally

attempting

organised

in on

A

club's popular F to

from

owned club.

Kirkdale

.C. not

in

a

move the

halfpenny

£6,000.8

an

by

Derby

assistant

real

Waller's

He

and

bv

press other

a enclosed

doings

the

By

permanent the

from rags

several

inside

the

c~ture

was

one

football,

Football

to

Board

ward.

1891

as

local

kind

And

end

to corner

to

since Saturday

neat

a

certainly

man

King

his

ground ground

brewery

riches

public of

of

the

clubs

of

of

of He

phrase.

had

Association

he own salaried the

which

the the

John Guardians

course

tory

team

was

was

figure.

autumn

to

in houses

fronting much evening

President

best

1880's

party,

foreman

of

Priory who 1 throw

to

-He

by

fifty

had

by Secretary

Everton.

local

become

to

Beginning

the

including

then, Mayor of

found and he

in

was

become

in Anfield

football

do

in

Road

for 1889. before

talent

was 1885,

1880s

1882,

their

from

with

also

the

He

the

to

an no

in

to

a Page

birth

is

had

in

increased, notice deal attempt an

take packed

his Everton Everton

Hudson north loan

money.

Liverpool

members to to some

hi$,.p,',Plitical

well

Houlding

The inflated

~·.~i~::Power i-Q#e

It

new

been

in

to

their

of

110

is

side

p,~r~p~l,,,animosity.CBuLit

to

excess

known

the

Anfield

£1,000. meeting

to

the

still

Some club

members

club

quit

money

a disliked club

so sell

of

Liverpool

Review

price.

soap had

nominal

standing

not

would

and

Stanley had

of

Everton.

to

and

to contemporary

Road

Goodison

of arranged

that

for

the

entirely

When

manufacturer.

registered

which

formed play

the

who pointed

the

the

their

one club

paid

Football

site

tenancy

Park

club's

elsewhere.

club,

details

So

a

had

really

man,

rent.

some had

clear

meeting to

a

by Park

bought

he

out,

T.

guarantee

his

be

reliance

gone

all

other

been

suggestions

Mason

club

By

cannot

particularly called

and

provoked

was

their

land

why

own

the but

A

seems

188~90

Another

of

limited him with for

similar

cannot

owned

substituted

ready

a Everton

which

Everton

Houlding representative

the on

it

handful be

fund

£8,090.

that

Liverpool

the

the

membership

entered

this

for

liability be claimed

football

by

as

he owned

blow to

including

drink

it

opposition. built

club Football

the

entirely

it another

had

of

was One

took

a

obviously

start

members

into

sliding

interest.

were increased

up

instead. company clubs.'

Houlding's political tenant.

of

King

the

adjoining

subscriptions

ignored.

the

of turned

Club the brewer,

here.

'Tory

line

the Football

2

John

scale

members, Liverpool

Members

already

By When

rejected

His

and

Nonetheless,

from

1892~93 differences

was

he

down

the to

John

commercial

was

the

Athletic

money

procedure

did.

the

the

formed

£100 might

end

helped

Orrell

from

his

the the

Orrell,

Dr.

were

team

club

He

backbone'.' season.

of

proposals,

F

Houlding per

and

to

be

J.C

Grounds

the W .A. could

and

holding,

the

began

further

sell

from

and

be so

.P. instincts

annum

a

's

the

Baxter,

controversy

business

a

events

refusal

his

at that

Hartley

rough hardly when

4

expertise

scratch.

to

the

provoked

Company

scheme It

Houlding

ales

at

to

do

as

and

is put

what

whi£h

root

the

to £250,

piece

wdl

but

have

ad the

the

possible

13

in

allow

hls

there

club

prooa:bly

and

of was

of

it Meanwhile

jam

he

an

club's

by

of

a

Limited. gave

been were

determination

was

some it

sum

ended

interest

had

resolved

land him Houlding's

was

considered

maker

but

that

the

not

short to

income

moved a

to

clearly

of

helped on

as

what

good

some give

At club

there

free

call

and

the

the

the

the

to

of

a Page

and in

remaining remained "instead

to

Watson

tleman and been

1,500 1890s.

is victualler stone 1905 inter-war

Williams original

serving

insurance McKenna President

served on

in

the

very

transfer

Who

1892

The

as

provision

111

formerly

they

merchant.

community

£1

contemporaries

After

and

striking.

Everton

was

of in

were

were

solicitor,

something

shares

years.

and

the

ten

and manager,

a

had

the one.'

who

from an

Liverpool

an

the

the

years undertaker,

another

undertaker. merchant

members

autumn

been

5

F.A.

ex-schoolteacher

By probably Thomas

became directorate The

death

Sunderland

kinds

too.

in

1914 joined

of

joined

of

1926 The

licensed

Councillor

gentleman.

Board

Houlding

pointed John

of of

a

of

had

of

Crompton,

more

Blues

one-man the

John

1947

only

The

who

people

but

the

the

on

shows

Houlding's

all

brewery of

and

victualler

continuity Board

came

the original

widely

out,

Houlding

and left

when died

9 been

seems

who John

or who

sufficiently

become

a

band

Board

the it

the

licensed

similar

10

hack

in

among in

Mr.

left

manager

distributed.

ran

had

Asbury,

Everton

Reds

strong

life.

Board 1929.

to

1920

and

in

of

in

by

Liverpool

Cartwright to

these

have

terms

club

recruited

personnel

pattern.

1902

His

gentleman

victualler, the

take a

along

between Martindale

onerous

in licensed

and

provision

club.

teams made

shrewdest

secretary

minority

of

his

Berry's

1922

In

solicitor

with

Three shares

twice

the

son The

died. 1905

on

a

and

1892-1939.

remained had

victualler,

because

and

considerable

highly timber

the

merchant,

William

place

the vaccination

who

of

with blessed

to move on

Furthermore

four

also

had

board

the

time

what

coal

paper

had

when

successful

merchant

full

of

gone,

he gone

original

was

a

sold

relieving

consuming. with

merchant

member

from the

purpose?

followed

remained

found

and

responsibility

probably misjudgement.

he officer,

to

replaced

Liverpool

out

two

the

1905

power

be

subscribers died

W.H.

his

Sunderland

the

until

officer,

replaced

vaccination

professional

If

John

was

on

brewery

until

in

duties

To

Houlding

to we

by in

Webb

the

his

1931.

Board

persuade

replaced

the

Houlding

sum

take

a

for

the

board schoolmaster,

coal death

to

But

by

as

boardroom

and

manager,

team

second

the

up

W.H.

the Liverpool

officer

another of

Football

interest

football

merchant

it's

throughout

both in

28

by

new playing

Tom

directors

in of

an

1934

Cartwright,

individuals

world

Berry,

1892.

the

was were

company

ill

solicitor

licensed

Watson

and

for

teams,

League

first

a

as

and wind

early

side.

gen­ John

war

had

still the

the

the By the did

it

a Page

all

the W~R. the families

became

provision

the solicitor

shareholders'

while prestigious depl).rt~d,

had of were eminently

the themselves.

similarities,

Liverpool's

shareholders group. example,

bookeepers.

remained them

Summing

If board

board

inter-war

people'

been

112

the

the

CTayton,

the

Liverpool

a

ap~ar who

W.C.

solid

director size alive

in

had

merchant,

in

neither

respectable,

social

families.

'

but

7

on

the

so

By

commerce had

up, 1913

meeting.

of

of

Cuff

years

111 citizens

they

to

the

described

did

they

1930s

19'39

the

both

you

worshipped

in

and

have

evinced

club's

clerks,

board

who and

had

those

Board

1921

There

most was

did

can

Liverpool's

clubs

who

occupational

A

the and matched

was

was

talked

and

until not

directors

a

total

and

see

most as

of

a

retiring

were

was

kind

T. served

got

member

similar

its

were a

still

the

mean at

from

Mason

stayed

industry.

forwarding

their

of

of

things

usually

of

Secretary

Houlding

St.

of

no

shareholders.

clerks

on

making

26 whom

clerks,

until

men

Everton

this

Booths,

appear Domingos

the

deaths

pattern

backgrounds

until from

it

individuals

done

between

at

what

small

he

had who

The

had

from

Liverpool

in

agent,

his

managers,

the

in 1912

too

to and

Gladstones,

with

Directors

wealth

had

two kind

the

death

most shareholder

and

outbreak

have

1901

died

Moreover,

believed

eight

until J.G.

53

1920s.

no were

or

of

of who

fifteen

at least

in

clerks more to

three

numerous

been

difficulty

people

Davies,

bookkeepers and

the

1942.

1918

1954.

Directors

had

Holts,

were

of

Dr.

in

ten.

popular

shares

Directors

let drawn years

leading not

the

up

the

himself

C.S.

and

became

But

A.R. a

alone

to

Homby's

in

value

surprisingly returned warehouseman

second

occupational

a

later.

each.

Baxter, the

at

raising 1929.16

from

Director

and

and Wade,

18

played

the some

Directors.

of

of

club

Ernest

managers

of

30

world

merchants.

experience.

or

Liverpool's sixpenny

the

mortgages son

'putting

unopposed

But

managers a

time

Rathbones

was

from

for

it

member

two

Green

of

they groups

reflected war

and

Everton

Gnce

dominated

between

J.C.,

1921

and

football

clubs

spectator.

Dr.

were

and

Everton

When

schoolmaster,

were

or

lhe

wealthiest of

was

John

among

until

among

J.C.

by

bank

in

Andrew

one

comfortable

showed

same

1892 the

the

also

in

John

the

Houlding

by

Baxter.

1946.

the

of in

the

They

loans.

them.

structure

next

early

elected Liverpool

number

the and

the

Houlding

1940,

hands

or

Coffey,

During

distinct

annual

joined

largest

meant

They

older

None

1939

They

small days

most

had

and

to for

of

of

of Page 113 The Blues and the Reds 113

gone up to 59 and interestingly the next two highest categories were married women 30, and widows 27, both perhaps reflecting the shorter life expectancy of men and the carnage of Flanders. One peculiarity of the Liverpool shareholders was the large number of policemen, 18 in 1914. Although it was down to 5 in 1939 one Police Sergeant had 170 shares. In general, individual shareholdings at Liverpool were much larger than at Everton. Both the nominal and actual capital was larger at Liverpool and it is possible that this reflects the more overtly commercial foundation on which John Houlding insisted in 1892. Ever-ton, on the other hand, retained more of its original structure as a members club. Its roughly 500 individual shareholders in i 920 is close to the 431 who had bought shares by the annual General Meeting of 1892.18 Liverpool had about 300 shareholders through the inter-war years. Shareholders, of course, had certain privileges. The p05sibility of a 5% dividend before the first war - it was increase to 712% after 1918 - and cheap admission to matches. In 1905, for example, Liverpool were offering a 7s. 6d. ground season ticket for one share and a free season ticket to the grandstand went with 20 shares. But shareholders, like directors, were more likely involved for the pyschic rather than the material benefits although after a particularly good year at Goodison in 1907 one shareholder thought they should pay out more than 5%.' There was certainly money to be made out of football, particularly in Liverpool. Liverpool made a profit in every year between 1900 and the curtailing of the professional football programme in 1915 and Everton only once failed to make a profit between 1890 and 1915. By 1907 Everton's assets totalled

£30,000 and their income in 190~07had reached almost £22,000, a sum not equalled by any other British club. The inter-war years were not quite so spectacularly successful but dividends were nearly always paid. Everton had six profitable seasons out of the eleven years before 1939 and Liverpool appear to have lost money in only four of the inter-war years. Most of this money was probably ploughed back into the clubs. Everton, for example, built from a virtual waste land in 1892. The club spent £41,000 improving it between 1906 and 1909.20 Although Everton built the first double decker stand in 1909, improvements were not only designed for those spectators who could afford a seat. In the same year, for example, a vast ash banking was Page terraced

6d.

the over

cover. them

beanfeast

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121

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in

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mentioned

uncertainty

Park

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1886.

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be dock

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in

and

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a

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work

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the

was they

moment

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Association

and

sides

and blues

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by

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home

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produced Liverpool

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wards

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all

and

sectarian

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club

club

to

Irish

throw

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League

Liverpool's

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east

Catholic

throughout

see.

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other

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parents

bitterness'

the

two

light

records

lay

religious

south

who

more

as match

Manchester

up

associated

by

Liverpool

clubs

the perhaps

diocese

a

out

on to

provided home

a

of

director

the

123

or

most

serious

it

a and

Conservative

this

largely

of

between

Scotland

divide have

quarter

Irish

was Liverpool

but

Everton

insufficient

bred

just

in

issue?

with

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City

it

and

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diffrences?

the

England a

grandparents.

our

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between

seems like

of

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the

which

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Chairman.~

members

in

We

which

Post

the

period.

religious

Irish

the

two

1928.

Party

have

detail

city's

able

with

clear

religion.

men

hoped

unskilled Catholic

tended

could

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sides

doctor

working

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of

to

of

seen Superficially

particular

about

affiliations,

population who in

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that

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send

the

brewers

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remotely

and

to

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who already

and

sectarian

were

workforce

the

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one

press.

be

their

class

a

migrants

that

would

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spot

split

residentially

how provided

fifth directors

thought

course although

be own

the

like

that

wards

it

of

was of

far

classed

be

would

of

match

for

M.P.

were

there John

1892

oral

~no did the

the

not

of

of

an

44

of

a

I Page

religious sense."-Nor teams example,

Lancashire. as

Southern

with and for

were Cup

the many there Park

side

be'."- called teams.' the speakers

actually Schools

The

Scotland,

regular At

death

Liverpool League

bv

the in

124

showed

no

was for

Liverpudlians

least

'Football

1906, clubs

And

side

other. ran

persuasion.

reports

Boys

Ireland

were

and

1904,

of

tremendous

social

before

of

Both is

for

both a

John

North

the Liverpool

also

his

regular Official

there

Welldoers

one

From and

1909,

Derby

Sundays',

or

of

Liverpool

contributed events brother

clubs

Houlding.

seemed the

director

Ulster.

Girls

Liverpool

any

East

had

Many

1904

football 1914,

First

matches Football

cheering

signed

as

support

and

done

2,

for

annual

England

almost

like Nor

winners

to

from T.

l World

players

directors

1925,

96th

both

The

to

Everton.

Mason

1935 column

supporters

on

the

do

and

Irish

Programme'

Catholic

all

for

Everton

free

sports

Liverpool

to

shared

Cup

players' War,

1930

one

turned

of in

over

for and

the

go

players

were

'food

from

1929 their

A

Final

held

example,

both and notion

out

in

Staffordshire

the

the

charities

survey and

interfering

autobiographies

out

among

and

1922 about

the

F

of 1935

Daily produced

at

teams

triumphs

ground. day.

but

.A.

one

for

that

their

the

band

fun'

Cup

they

of

not

was

revealed

1909

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those

and

both

Post

Central

contributed

one

treat

the

way

played

From with in

Semi-Final

by

sanctioned

held

social of

year

as

and

clubs side

claimed

at

Liverpool, birth

large

for

the

to

a

that well

Liverpool

the

mention

Hall local

at

1927 before

'the show

or

poor

events.

other.

and

places

numbers

Anfield.'~

wearing

recruitment

to

the

as

more that

on

printer.

the

children a

a in

Elisha the

Everton

other

supported

When joint any

Liverpool

series

February

Everton,

London

of

Central when

two

we

good

of sectarian

the

and

preferred

The

match

Scott

The are

of

teams

Everton

whereas

blue

was the

had

professional and

Protestant not

in Station

two

together

by

for

9,

Liverpool

itself

results

played

from

programme.

worn 1914

favours

close

1913, playing

entered

particularly

example, connection.

boards

players

brought

the

to

and

such

against

black

the

board relations

for

Liverpool

in

religious

meet

which members

the

Catholic

of players

which

happier

other

typical

of Liverpool,

in

back

directors

armbands

the playing

them. at

a

from

Aston 1919

particular

Goodison

apprently

each

parts

meetings the

'Everton

the

Catholic of

centres

we

of

Herald

hosted

either

There

both Villa

main F.A.

both area

met had

will

for

on

of Page

apparently 'Scrutator'

was chiefly Protestant

visitor's

shareholders summers would

there 25%.

straight and

date Celtic skilled

Park, warfare

Glasgow State. In

particular parental diminution

Glasgow

fact

Liverpool

no mustering

125

when

are

But

very

As

rivalry

to play

Ulster

it proper

jacket

centre-half

had

attitudes,

of

after relatively

is

its

could

it could

community treated

close

Standard

Harland

well

1902

of

matches

retained characterised

makes

'whirlwind

of

and

was

Portestants

the and

a account

religious

be

both

say

to

known

lot

and

Everton

both second

further

the was

argued

Govan had

few an

and

of

after

The

its

revealed in

clubs 1909

and

obvious

priestly

of

clubs

soon blotted

start'.

Rangers

signs

strong

order

Wolff

tension.

Blues

right

world

buttressed

the

the

therefore

Chelsea's

that and

brought

in

contained

an

in relationship

fact, The

club

of

to

provided

in no

connection it and

support. and

established out

war

extremely

a

refused

religious

was

the Why

raise

concentration

similar

such

had it

no Dixie

the

interesting

are

before

match

by

could

middle

the

mention hardly

Reds

then

not money won

1916,

Priests

the

to

levity.

Dean.

rivalry

between

fashion.

bitterness

both

professional

sign

another Celtic a at

be

focus

the

support

of

new

a

the Goodison

comparison.

argued,

of

for

were

Catholic

the

single

with

No O'Dowd

was

league

of

the

and civil

for

shipyard

It a

period Catholic

Home

the

football

before section

on

the let

one made

football

these

Rangers.

clergyman war

played

championship club

outstanding

football

Park

in

players

Church

was

rather

of

Rule

free.

in no

militant

125

the

at The

of

hrte. It charities.

Irish

paying

or

clubs.

a

in

Ireland

Govan

a mention

each

Neither

first

Catholic.~

crisis.

Rangers

and than Celtic

teams

1932,

role,

any

and

troubles

and

Protestant

side's Catholic

dividends.

world

musical

Ireland,

the sport

and and

albeit

in

Glasgow

the

it

club

which

of

of

had

quickly was

1932

other?

them the

supporters

brought

gave

Everton's

A

religious war.

was

originated

a

insults

performers.

cursory

more

formation

played

kept stressed

minor immigrants.

was

unlimited

were it

Rangers

1912

Accidents

mentioned

a

broke

over

sectarianism

fuel

orthodox

that

and

jubilee

disturbances

right

set

one

in

glance

seems

that

as

injection.

out green

with

of it

away

up

played

Although

in

perhaps,

a

up

had

The

the

O'Dowd.

as

of group

and

in

Scotland,

through the through

at

to

origins

until them

clubs

and

from

Irish been residence,

1929

Rangers­

be

all.

out

going

at

of

which

today.

a white

in

Ibrox there

some

gang

for

Free

The

that

due

key and All

the

the

the

of

in

a Page

favourite

standing

changed many scientific. myths

the match. on that

I

2

3

4

6

5

7

9 8

10

P.M.

the

One

shilling

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R.

Dock

The

Porcupine, 1890.

Rees

Liverpool R.

P.J. For

help residential

(1968)

126 males

Merchants,

roads. 317.

Merseyside 18681939

people

and

unemployed

Rees,

Young,

Rees, The

thing

Houlding's

Wailer,

1871

little

player.

of

estimated

with

workers

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aged

legends Conveyance

p.329.

to

The

biggest

Rees,

op.cit.,

the

figure

went

group Football

the

Football

is

patterns

(Liverpool

December

get

over

10 op.cit.,

Everton

Agents,

187-94', Development

certain

did I

clubs

Strangely

preparation

op.cit.,

and

that

political

should

in, p.

it

is of

to

was

of

not

public

time.

135.

was

upwards

quoted

of

on p. 22%

on

the football

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still

both.

Liverpool

Accountants,

University

gain

entitled p.

26,

63.

the when

1981),

Merseyside

and

like

Seas,

for

activities

factors

57.

of

used

Liverpool

1908. city.

the

demonstration enough of

November

of

to

in

Perhaps 112 T.

the

engaged

Liverpudlians

Rivers

Physical

pp.

thank

this

R.

they

Saturday

Commercial

Mason

clubs

to

F.A.

of

Rees,

63-5,

suuch

in

see

paper.

(1964

spectator

Lancaster

turn

Banking

and Richard

both

first

1938

in

in

P.J

there

Recreation 7,

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organised,

12025,

op.dt

halfholiday

certain

Canals

Liverpool

ed),

out as 1891.

I

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impinge

they

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.. in

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is

MA.

p.

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495.

p.55.

business

in

group

also

and

1933.

See

13

Liverpool

a

Insurance this

noted

have

in

a

Democracy

(1983).

role in

and

until

which

Conveyance

grateful

Liverpool also

Saturday 1911

football

robust,

NOTES

1885 occupations.

on

city.

Mrs.

clerks.

been

for

April

that

P.E.

Census

had

the

decided

group,

Holbrook

to

an

bar

and the

Richardson,

fast

during

credited

religious

was

Liverpool

Professor

afternoon

individual on

oral

one

of

The

Sectarianism.

unemployed

Railways.

Dock

and

important.

England

the

red

history

of

figure

in

connections

with nineteenth the

powerful:

Richard

Labourers,

also

the

or

'The

just

Merseyside

for

blue. consciousness,

and

had

whole

certain

project

Development A

Urban

to

When

men,

Lawton

political

Wales.

a

century',

R.

And

watch

greater

General

Everton

of

Rees,

Districts

styles

who

County

here

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our

for

aud

the

University

op.dt.,

proportion

LaboOrerS,

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his

usually

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too,

period

which

social

and

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the

clever,

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Professional

advice

proportions

p.

County

to

really

club

203.

History

of

appearto

investigate was

couldn't

Trust

of

on

Service

Liverpool

imaginative,

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workers

Boroughs

that

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know

the

of

Football

per

reported

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Liverpool

for

crowd

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the

the

was

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on

a

on Page

ii

12

13 14 15 16

17

20 18

19

21 23 22

24

25 26

27

28 29

30

32 31

Liverpool

Liveipool

Liverpool

Liverpool

Liverpool

Everton

Everton The

Nick Two Liverpool Liverpool

Houlding

Coffey

Sharp

For See

1905.

On History

T.

See J.A.H.

See Liver~ool

(Liverpool). 127

18851914',

Athletic Association

33.

Athletic ordained

I In

Ephraim foremen,

servant,

a

£24,000 also

1920s.

am

Keats,

physical

struggle Everton

1906

the pre-1914

Directors

others

Walsh, Liverpool

40,000

leaving

grateful

played

£9,000.

Football

Catton,

F.C.

Review,

whole of

Review.

Daily

Courier,

Weekly

News,

left

News, Alec

Evening

Weekly

op.cit.,

cabinet

in

the

when

Longworth

two

Weekly similarly

training

University

Dixie

and

Members

can people

1933,

Football Liverpool

£45,000

professionally

£24,000.

to Foothall

page occupations

Post,

Raisbeck

PJ.

Weekly

Wickets

ladies, July

October

June

Club

March Liverpool

Post,

he

Professor be

p.

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whereas

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28,

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Cartwright,

ofManchester of

Post, a

Daily

19,

and

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together

was February

lived

11, 1909.

police

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1894.

in

painter Blues

only

op. English

1907.

Official up

Richard

March

1892.

and

moved

1882-83.

as

1928,

1909. Coals

devoted

13,

September

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Post,

in

25, for

19289

in

cit.,

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a 3

He

sorting 7,

sergeant.

shareholding

1894. cricketer Everton all

inter-war

were and

and

Story'

a

see

11, 1928 1928.

next

was p. 13, and

Society

(1926). for

August testimonial Football

Lawton Out

the

(Liverpool

to

121; I

1928.

a

MA.

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1948;

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a

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18631915 Reds

30,

first p.

(1981).

Brookbridge

15,

for

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Programme

Goal

Liverpool

Prowse,

bus MeQucen

Lancashire

labourer. newspapers

186.

records is

1892. match

to

I

permission

22,

Young,

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of

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left 1919),

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driver

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On

29

cotton

£15,000

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br

to

found

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event.

see

the Post,July,

1928.

pp.

and and

op. who

In

and

U)ean2fi

be February former

and

J.K.

Road

Legend

for porter,,

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whole to

37-43.

1930

Control

so

cit.,

to

haulage

Chelsea

insurance was

and

was Liverpool

pp.

had

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quote

kowlands

translated. the

note

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professional

9~107.

Wameford

was

a

14,1942.

question

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11,

95; (1977 per

glass

successful

the

127

and

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the

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residential

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worker,

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),p.

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players'

sports

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1938

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clear

upward

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Core's

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this

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outfitter's

who included

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wages

Presbyterian account

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lived

playing

to

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mobility no.

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Directory.

of

my

27,

before

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36624

business attention.

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very Birkenhead

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warehouseman,

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directors.

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1964.

of

be

Ministry

1914

short

(Everton)

the

found

and

in

in

Walsh,

players

Liverpool, Football see

Wallasey

time

a

Jack

close

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Tony

T.

and

p.

in

carter,

Sharp,

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over

to

213.

Keates,

By 1924

the

Crowds

Mason,

close

35668

leaving

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early

civil

who

two

to

48 48

44 44 47 47 41 41

46 46

40 40 43 43

45 45

49 49 51 51

38 38 42 42

34 34

50 50 37 37

52 52

36 36 39 39

Page Page

33 33 35 35

Liverpool Liverpool

Liverpool Liverpool

Liverpool Liverpool

Porcupine, Porcupine,

Liverpool Liverpool

For For

But But

Liverpool Liverpool

Everton Everton

Porcupine Porcupine

Everton Everton Liverpool Liverpool

It It

Liverpool Liverpool

Quoted Quoted

Liverpool Liverpool Porcupine, Porcupine,

29, 29,

from from

Porcupine Porcupine

W.C. W.C.

to to

have have

neighbours neighbours

Liverpool Liverpool

Ryan Ryan

out out

playing playing

of of

stands stands

the the

Everton Everton

was was

Division Division

1929, 1929,

Men Men

128 128

was was

listen listen

charities charities

1913. 1913.

for for

Catholic Catholic

winners winners

brieflv brieflv

David David

to to

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in in

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football football

divide divide

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to to

more more

Evertonian Evertonian

in in

Doily Doily

these these

Football Football

Daily Daily

Daily Daily

Daily Daily

Football Football

Catholic Catholic

Daily Daily

Tony Tony

Daily Daily

February February

September September

Catholic Catholic

October October

October October

however, however,

the the

and and

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who who

Glasgow Glasgow

Liverpool Liverpool

23, 23,

Liverpool Liverpool

between between

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Work Work

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ourselves ourselves

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charities. charities. 10 10

5, 5,

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March March

October October

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April April

September September

21. 21.

of of

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October October

avowedly avowedly

12, 19, 19, 12,

official official

Football Football

and and

1905. 1905.

school school

1908; 1908;

op.cit., op.cit.,

14, 14,

the the

October October

by by

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1907. 1907.

dominated dominated

discussion discussion

into into

at at

May May

17, 17,

1932. 1932.

way way

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18, 18,

addresses addresses

T T

in in

that that

Liverpool Liverpool

half-time, half-time,

Everton Everton

26, 26,

13, 13,

yard yard

programme programme

Mason Mason

Evertonians Evertonians

p. p.

1906, 1906,

13, 15, 15, 13,

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Liverpool Liverpool

for for

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Daily Daily

1938), 1938),

1902, 1902,

proceeds proceeds

13, 13,

14, 14,

27, 27,

visitors visitors

of of

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19, 19,

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19, 19,

1894; 1894;

176; 176;

is is

the the

attached attached

celebration celebration

1922, 1922,

1931. 1931.

1897. 1897.

the the

Liverpool Liverpool

in in

1925. 1925.

see see

January January

1929. 1929.

F.C. F.C.

Post, Post,

March March

could could

Liverpool Liverpool

crowd crowd

p. p.

20, 20,

Weekly Weekly

his his

with with

Everton Everton

club club

to to

Bill Bill

98-9. 98-9.

of of

see see

April April

October October

A A

Official Official

possession. possession.

1894; 1894;

Goodison Goodison

October October

to to

and and

February February

not not

their their

2, 2,

Everton Everton

They They

policeman policeman

30,1914; 30,1914;

Murray, Murray,

for for

around around

26, 26,

Tom Tom

the the

Post, Post,

and and

9, 9,

with with

27, 27,

ann ann

be be

Liverpudlians. Liverpudlians.

so so

Daily Daily

1935. 1935.

7, 7,

Liverpool Liverpool

public public

Church Church

possessed possessed

22. 22.

Programme, Programme,

Belfast Belfast

lou~d. lou~d.

long long

1929. 1929.

Gallagher Gallagher

I I

Liverpool Liverpool

16, 16,

September September

the the

large large

leading leading

8, 8,

1910; 1910;

were were

The The

Liverpool Liverpool

1910, 1910,

Post, Post,

who who

23, 23,

1913. 1913.

touchlme touchlme

was was

practice practice

Everton, Everton,

after after

Nine Nine

Old Old

ice ice

told told

18201939', 18201939',

Liverpool Liverpool

30, 30,

Football Football

Mareli Mareli September September

drove drove

a a

a a

1-0, 1-0,

creams creams

(Bradford (Bradford

Protestant. Protestant.

Otlicial Otlicial

wireless wireless

Firm Firm

High High

December December

of of

September September

by by

14,1929. 14,1929.

In In

Football Football

a a

matches matches

to to

the the

their their

alleged alleged

his his

one-legged one-legged

1933 1933

(Edinburgh (Edinburgh

Mass Mass

Sit Sit

Echo, Echo,

men men

Il'eekly Il'eekly

for for

Programme, Programme,

horse horse

unpublished unpublished

which which

IS, IS,

mallagers mallagers

on. on.

University), University),

when when

Echo, Echo,

his his

7, 7,

by by

were were

are are

on on

1935. 1935.

1928. 1928.

April April

into into

1907. 1907.

own own

some some

Post, Post,

Sundays. Sundays.

we we

almost almost

member member

Everton Everton

September September

1984); 1984);

(livided (livided

One One

some some

did did

now now

nephews nephews

30, 30,

No No

September September

September September

to to

paper paper

not. not.

certainly certainly

former former

A A

he he

occupations occupations

1910, 1910,

spectators spectators

lads, lads,

The The

Liverpool Liverpool

ofthc ofthc

woli woli

Tale Tale

in in

the the

1984. 1984.

My My

7, 7,

1935. 1935.

easiest easiest

and and

if if

Catholic Catholic

Cathulic Cathulic

P.M. P.M.

1919. 1919.

brothers brothers

of of family, family,

the the

30, 30,

5, 5,

in in

you you

us.' us.'

1928. 1928.

Three Three

lodgings. lodgings.

was was

Catholic Catholic

None None

1905. 1905.

1'.A. 1'.A.

were were

Young, Young,

can can

way way

I I

~Uncle ~Uncle

club, club,

altar altar

booed. booed.

am am

and and

play play

Cities: Cities:

to to

Cup Cup

of of

traced traced

grateful grateful

select select

Herald, Herald,

boy boy

I I

them them

published published

op.cit., op.cit.,

football football

were were

People People

we we

Percv" Percv"

remembers remembers

for for

Communal Communal

the the

appear appear

had had

asked asked

to to

eight eight

p. p.

May May

teams teams

in in

at at

Fony Fony

went went

a a

near near

122; 122;

the the

all, all,

list list

In In

to to

of of 4, 4,