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Chester T. Wruckel Sherman P. Marsh1, Clay M. Conway1, Clarence E. Ehis , Dolores M. Kulik F Calvin K. Moss , and Gary L. Raines

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Chester T. Wruckel Sherman P. Marsh1, Clay M. Conway1, Clarence E. Ehis , Dolores M. Kulik F Calvin K. Moss , and Gary L. Raines DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP MF-1573-A UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF THE MAZATZAL WILDERNESS AND CONTIGUOUS ROADLESS AREA GELA, MARICOPA, AND YAVAPAI COUNTIES, ARIZONA SUMMARY REPORT By Chester T. WruckeL Sherman P. Marsh1, Clay M. Conway1, Clarence E. EHis , Dolores M. Kulik f Calvin K. Moss , and Gary L. Raines STUDIES RELATED TO WILDERNESS Under the provisions of the Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and the Joint Conference Report on Senate Bill 4, 88th Congress, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines have been conducting mineral surveys of wilderness and primitive areas. Areas officially designated as "wilderness," "wild," or "canoe" when the act was passed were incorporated into the National Wilderness Preservation System, and some of them are presently being studied. The act provided that areas under consideration for wilderness designation should be studied for suitability for incorporation into the Wilderness System. The mineral surveys constitute one aspect of the suitability studies. The act directs that the results of such surveys are to be made available to the public and be submitted to the President and the Congress. This report discusses the results of a mineral survey of the Mazatzal Wilderness (NF3048) and Mazatzal Wilderness Contiguous Roadless Area (3-016) in the Tonto and Coconino National Forests, Gila, Maricopa, and Yavapai Counties, Arizona. Mazatzal Wilderness was established by Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964. The contiguous roadless area was classified as a further planning area during the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979. SUMMARY Small quantities of gold, silver, and copper have been produced from the Mazatzal Wilderness. The wilderness has a high potential for gold, silver, and lead resources in veins in the vicinity of the Story mine, a high potential for silver and copper resources in vein deposits near Copper Mountain, a moderate potential for silver, gold, and copper in vein deposits in one area along the eastern border, and a high potential for copper in vein deposits at Mineral Creek. The Copper Mountain area, the area of silver, gold, and copper vein deposits along the eastern border, and the Mineral Creek area also have a low potential for copper in massive sulfide deposits. Two additional areas in the eastern and northern parts of the wilderness have a low potential for copper in vein and massive sulfide deposits. The wilderness has a high potential for copper in massive sulfide deposits and a moderate potential for copper in carbonate veins at Copper Camp Creek. An area east of the Mazatzal Wilderness has a high potential for gold resources in rocks that also occur in the wilderness, though no gold was found in these rocks in the wilderness. Three areas in the southern part of the wilderness have high, moderate, and low potential for mercury resources. A low potential for molybdenum exists west of the wilderness in three areas, two of which extend into the roadless area and the wilderness. The central part of the wilderness has occurrences of tin, but little evidence of a resource potential for tin. Two areas southwest of the wilderness have low and moderate potential for uranium, and one of these areas extends into the roadless area and the wilderness. No evidence of a potential for fossil fuels was identified in this study. INTRODUCTION Physiography The Mazatzal Wilderness and the contiguous roadless The Mazatzal Mountains constitute the dominant area are located in the Tonto and Coconino National Forests, physiographic feature of the wilderness. The eastern slopes west and southwest of Payson, and are almost exactly in the of these mountains rise steeply from about 3,500 ft in geographic center of Arizona (fig. 1). This is a region of altitude along the valley of Rye Creek east of the range to relatively small mining districts and few mines, but 7,903 ft at Mazatzal Peak. To the west, the range slopes occurrences of many different metals are widespread. This steeply from the crest, then more gently along the lower report documents the geology, mining activity, and mineral flanks to the Verde River, one of the main drainage channels potential of the Mazatzal Wilderness and adjacent areas and of Arizona. In the northern part of the wilderness, the East discusses long-known, as well as newly discovered, mineral Verde River, a tributary of the Verde, occupies a deep canyon occurrences and the possibility of undiscovered mineral that separates the Mazatzal Mountains from mesas to the resources. north. The lowest parts of the wilderness have altitudes of Investigations summarized in this report were about 2,200 ft and are located near Bartlett Reservoir in the conducted in the field by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the southwestern part of the area studied. U.S. Geological Survey, principally in 1979-1980. A few areas were studied briefly in 1981 and 1982. The Bureau of Mines Geologic setting examined mines, prospects, mineral claims, and mineralized areas and searched mining records. The Geological Survey The Mazatzal Mountains lie at the margin of the Basin conducted geologic mapping, geochemical sampling, remote- and Range physiographic province in a region of Arizona sensing studies, and geophysical examinations. where the mountain ranges are about as wide as or wider than *U.S. Geological Survey 2 U.S. Bureau of Mines the intervening basins. The Mogollon Rim, which defines the River sequence. It is thought to be older than the Early southern physiographic border of the Colorado Plateau, is Proterozoic Alder Formation and has lithologic similarities about 5 mi north of the Mazatzal Wilderness. Paleozoic to the older (1,740-1,760 m.y.) Yavapai Series in the rocks, extensively exposed along the Mogollon Rim, have been Jerome-Prescott region (Anderson and others, 1971; L. T. largely eroded from the wilderness and roadless areas. The Silver, oral commun., 1982). A correlation with the Yavapai few remaining masses of Paleozoic rocks in the wilderness Series is not clearly established. rest on thick sequences of mostly steeply tilted stratified Proterozoic rocks of two stratigraphic sequences, each Proterozoic rocks and on Proterozoic granitic rocks. These about 3,300 ft thick, crop out near the confluence of the rocks are similar to Proterozoic layered and intrusive rocks Verde River and East Verde River in the northwestern part of exposed widely in central Arizona east and northwest of the the wilderness. One sequence, consisting of siltstone overlain wilderness. Tertiary volcanic rocks exposed within the by rhyolite conglomerate, rhyolite, and andesite is exposed in wilderness are at the southern end of a large volcanic field the Limestone Hills and rests in apparent conformity on the that extends north and northwest for more than 100 mi in the East Verde River sequence described above. The second western parts of the Colorado Plateau and adjacent areas of sequence occurs to the west in the vicinity of Squaw Butte the Basin and Range province. and is composed of graywacke, quartzite, and rhyolite. A contact between the two sequences has not been found. Both Mining activity of these sequences have rocks similar to the upper part of the Alder Formation and the overlying rhyolite, and to the Prospecting has been conducted intermittently in the rhyolite that is widespread in the eastern part of the Payson area, including the Mazatzal Wilderness, since the wilderness beneath quartzite. Both sequences are weakly discovery of gold near Payson in the 1870's. Within the metamorphosed to the greenschist facies and are largely wilderness and contiguous roadless area, gold and silver were unfoliated. the object of prospecting activity before World War n (Lausen Diorite, gabbro, and minor syenite of Early and Wilson, 1925) and may have been mined in small Proterozoic age occur as small intrusive masses in the quantities from several deposits. Few records are available Proterozoic stratified rocks in the Limestone Hills in the for this period. Sporadic exploration for precious and base northwestern part of the wilderness, and as a large complex metals since World War n has resulted in the production of east of the wilderness between Buckhead Mesa and Rye small amounts of copper, gold, and silver in the wilderness. Creek. These rocks contain a few large inclusions of Within a few miles of the southeast corner of the wilderness, metasedimentary rocks in the eastern part of the area outside mercury was produced at several mines from 1913 to the the wilderness. 1960's (Beckman and Kerns, 1965), and exploration continued Sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Alder at a low level of activity to 1979. Ore containing copper, Formation, including felsic porphyry sills, are exposed in a gold, and silver was mined in areas immediately east of the tightly appressed syncline along the southern margin of the wilderness in the period 1938-1956. Uranium occurrences area. The formation comprises weakly to strongly foliated near Bartlett Reservoir were revealed in drill cores in the sandstone, graywacke, shale, conglomerate, rhyodacite and 1970's. Exploration for gold was being conducted a few miles rhyolite tuffs and flows, and subordinate mafic volcanic southwest of Payson in 1980. rocks. These rocks are metamorphosed to the greenschist facies of regional metamorphism. According to Ludwig GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND GEOPHYSICS (1973), the formation is entirely volcanic or volcanogenic in PERTAINING TO MINERAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT origin. He estimated the thickness of the formation to be about 18,000 ft. During the present study an additional 5,000 General Geology ft of strata were found in the wilderness beneath the rocks mapped by Ludwig. Ludwig (1973) described the Alder The geology of the Mazatzal Wilderness and contiguous Formation as conformably overlain by the Red Rock Rhyolite roadless area was mapped during this study and is shown on of Wilson (1937, 1939), a thick (more than 3,000 ft) sequence the accompanying l:48,000-scale map and on figure 2.
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