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Mppsc 2019 Test 4 MPPSC 2019 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 - TEST 4 MPPSC 2019 MAINS TEST SERIES MAINS MENTORSHIP PROGRAM (MMP) TEST 4 GS PAPER 1 (Part B) GEOGRAPHY Topic 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 MODEL HINTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- 3 MARKERS 1. This question consists of 7 very short answer type questions from (a) to (g). Each question is to be answered in 1 or 2 lines. Each question carries 3 marks. (a) Flash Floods Model Hints A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: rivers, dry lakes and depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods occur when volume of surface runoff exceeds the ability of the ground to absorb it. During flash floods there is a sudden influx of water into a dry area within a very short span of time. MPPSC 2019 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com MPPSC 2019 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 - TEST 4 (b) Natural Disaster Model Hints A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; They are sudden ecological disruptions or threats that exceed the adjustment capacity of the affected community and require external assistance. Natural disasters such as earthquake, volcanic eruptions, floods, tsunami, cyclones, landslides, heat and cold waves, droughts, epidemics., etc (c) Hazard Model Hints A dangerous event that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption and, or environmental damage is known as a hazard. A hazard is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to a vulnerable target. Hazards can be both natural or human induced (d) Drip Irrigation Model Hints Drip irrigation is a method in which irrigation is done through dripping water slowly to the roots of various crops, either onto the soil surface or directly into the roots It's a controlled delivery of water directly to individual plants through a network of tubes or pipes MPPSC 2019 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com MPPSC 2019 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 - TEST 4 (e) Chernobyl Model Hints Chernobyl, is a partially abandoned city in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, situated in the Ukraine. Its a site of Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster that was caused by a nuclear accident that occurred on Saturday 26 April 1986, at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. (f) Tsunami Model Hints A Tsunami is a series of waves caused by earthquakes or undersea volcanic eruptions Large coastal areas are flooded by rising seawater, when a tsunami strikes the coast.The speed of tsunami waves depends on ocean depth rather than the distance from the source of the wave (g) Watershed Management Model Hints Watershed management is the process of guiding and organizing the use of land and other resources in a watershed to provide desired goods and services without adversely affecting soil and water resources. The main aim of watershed management is to conserve the soil, plant, and water resources of a catchment while benefiting humanity. All environmental, social, and economic concerns are combined to treat watersheds in an integrated manner. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------- 6 MARKERS 2. Write the answers of the following questions in about 100 words each. (a) Write a short note on Chambal Project. Model Hints Chambal River Profile Origin Janapav near Mhow (M.P) in the Vindhaya mountain range Discharge Yamuna, Pachnada near Bhareh in Uttar Pradesh States & Major Madhya Pradesh Cities Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Right Bank Parbati, Kali Sindh, Shipra Tributaries Left Bank Banas, Mej Tributaries Major Dams Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar, Kota Barrage MPPSC 2019 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com MPPSC 2019 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 - TEST 4 CHAMBAL RIVER PROJECT This is a joint venture of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh initiated in 1954 on the Chambal River. The project aims at harnessing the Chambal River for irrigation, power generation and for prevention and control of soil erosion in the valley. The project has been executed in three successive stages. Stage 1 The first stage consists of construction of the 64 m high and 514 m long Gandhisagar dam about 8 km downstream of the Bhanupura tehsil at the border of M.P. and Rajasthan. Constructed in 1960, the dam has created the Gandhisagar reservoir which spreads over an area of 688 sq km. It has a capacity to hold 692 crore cubic metres of water which provides irrigation to 4.44 lakh hectares. Five units of 23,000 K.W. capacity each have been set up at the dam site. Stage 2 The second stage includes the construction of the 54 m high and 1,143 m long Rana Pratap masonry dam at Rawatbhata about 56 km downstream of the Gandhisagar dam. It has a gross storage capacity of 290 crore cubic metres spreading over an area of 198 sq km. It provides irrigation to 1.2 lakh hectares of land. The Rana Pratap power station is located on the left bank just at the toe of the dam. Four generating units of 43,000 K.W. each are installed here. Stage 3 The third stage consists of the construction of a 45 m high and 548 m long gravity dam, known as the Jawahar Sagar dam or Kota dam, about 29 km upstream of Kota city. It was completed in 1971- 72. The reservoir created by this dam has a potential of 68 million cubic metres. Three generating units of 33,000 K.W. each have been installed here. Kota barrage was constructed in 1960, at a distance of less than 1 km from Kota. This is 36 m high and 600 m long earthen barrage. Irrigation canals taken from both sides of the barrage irrigate 4.4 lakh hectares in Rajasthan and M.P. (b) Describe the Bhopal Gas Tragedy Model Hints MPPSC 2019 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com MPPSC 2019 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 - TEST 4 Bhopal Gas Tragedy . On the night of 2nd -3rd December, 1984 Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) a deadly gas leaked over the city of Bhopal from the plant of Union Carbide India Limited(UCIL) at Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh which manufactured pesticides. It led to several thousand deaths and more than 500,000 people being exposed to MIC and other hazardous chemicals and causing a disaster which is referred as one of the worst industrial disaster. The plant was controlled by UCIL which is a subsidiary of the US based company UCC (Union Carbide Corporation), which provided negligible help to deal with the tragedy. Impact The disaster resulted in people suffering from ailments such as anaemia, tuberculosis but nobody could find the complete health effects caused by MIC and how to treat it. The children born to mothers who were exposed to the gas were also the victims of the MIC. The neo natal mortality rate rose manifold. (c) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Canal Irrigation Model Hints CANAL IRRIGATION A canal is an artificial channel that is constructed to carry water to the fields to perform irrigation. The water is taken either from the river, tank or reservoirs Advantages of Canal Irrigation: 1. Un-irrigated wastelands can be developed by canal irrigation, which would increase the quantity of biomass in the area. 2. Economic development can be expedited by avoiding dangerous droughts. Dependence on rainfall can be minimized through canal development. 3. Canals are fed by rain water received by rivers, and the water is used for irrigation. Production of crops needing more water is also possible through canals. As compared to un-irrigated soils, higher productivity per hectare is also possible due to canals. 4. Canal system is a permanent structure, hence only maintenance is required for getting its benefits for a long time. 5. Canals are multi-purpose where apart from irrigation hydro electricity generation, navigation, drinking water supply and fishery development is also done. 6. Groundwater level does not go down on account of canal irrigation, but on the contrary water level increases, which facili•tates digging of wells. 7. Canals are also becoming a source of tourist attraction these days. Disadvantages of Canal Irrigation 1. Only low level areas can be irrigated 2. It can be used at a time when rivers are in excess of flood. 3. Problem of salt effervescence and thereby reducing the fertility of soil . MPPSC 2019 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com MPPSC 2019 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 - TEST 4 4. Problem of water logging and turning the adjoining areas to swamps.: To reduce the problem of water logging and salt effervescence the canal has to be lined with bricks , cement , mortar which is expensive. 5. Many diseases are caused due to spread of mosquitoes, worms and insects on account of stationary water in canals. 6. Sometimes efficient canal management results in excessive production of crops, due to which the farmers are not able to get suitable price for their product in the market. 7. Due to shortage of water in inundation canals, crops are destroyed for want of water for irrigation. (d) Evaluate the Disaster Management Act, 2005. Model Hints The Disaster Management Act, 2005 has been enacted as the central Act to deal with the management of disasters.
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